WO2009156721A1 - System and method for controlling data transfer - Google Patents

System and method for controlling data transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009156721A1
WO2009156721A1 PCT/GB2009/001578 GB2009001578W WO2009156721A1 WO 2009156721 A1 WO2009156721 A1 WO 2009156721A1 GB 2009001578 W GB2009001578 W GB 2009001578W WO 2009156721 A1 WO2009156721 A1 WO 2009156721A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data stream
data
further apparatus
stream
television
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2009/001578
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Christian
Christopher Churm
Michael Vowles
Original Assignee
Packet Vision Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Packet Vision Limited filed Critical Packet Vision Limited
Publication of WO2009156721A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009156721A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
    • H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
    • H04N21/4622—Retrieving content or additional data from different sources, e.g. from a broadcast channel and the Internet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0654—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery
    • H04L41/0668—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by dynamic selection of recovery network elements, e.g. replacement by the most appropriate element after failure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
    • H04L41/0803—Configuration setting
    • H04L41/0806—Configuration setting for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/40—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity, e.g. service redundancy protocols, protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
    • H04N21/64723—Monitoring of network processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of network load
    • H04N21/6473—Monitoring network processes errors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/50—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements
    • H04L41/508—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement
    • H04L41/509—Network service management, e.g. ensuring proper service fulfilment according to agreements based on type of value added network service under agreement wherein the managed service relates to media content delivery, e.g. audio, video or TV

Definitions

  • the invention which is the subject of this application relates to a data transfer system and particularly, although not necessarily exclusively, to a data transfer system which allows a television service to be provided, and to the ability to render the system to have increased resistance to excessive downtime should the apparatus fail.
  • a data transfer system which allows a television service to be provided, and to the ability to render the system to have increased resistance to excessive downtime should the apparatus fail.
  • the failure is quickly detected and an alternative source for the data is identified and utilised to ensure that the necessary data is quickly made available again so as to minimise disruption to the user of the apparatus and system.
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • IPTV networks need to have very high reliability to ensure the quality of service expected by viewers. Since it is expected that the systems and components will from time to time fail, network providers tend to "over- provision" their networks to ensure that, should any component go down, a backup service can be put into service. Ideally, this duplication or redundancy process should be fast and automatic in order to minimize the amount of "downtime" experienced by the viewer. Most redundant systems rely on special protocols e.g. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) which allow the network components to monitor other components and, if they stop responding or report a fault, a "failover" process can be started. While this approach works well it does suffer from some potential drawbacks in that the monitoring protocols use extra bandwidth in the data transfer network.
  • BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
  • An aim of the present invention is to provide a means of recognising the presence or absence of a required data stream and to be able to act quickly should a failure occur; and, as a result, ensure that a network containing multiple apparatus will continue to provide service.
  • a further aim is to use the specific characteristics of IPTV and specifically its use of IP multicast, so that no new protocols need to be introduced and provide an approach which allows monitoring of individual data streams, rather than whole apparatus, such that the failures of only one or some of the data streams can be handled whilst maintaining the provision of the remainder of the service.
  • a further aim is to potentially reduce the number of apparatus required in a system to ensure that the data is provided such that not every unit would necessarily need to be duplicated.
  • a data processing system including a plurality of data processing apparatus provided with at least one stream of data from one or more data source and means for passing on said data to a further apparatus downstream thereof wherein first and second of the apparatus receive substantially identical data streams and the system is provided with control means to allow the data stream from one of said first and second apparatus to be selected to be passed to the said further apparatus, said selected data stream received at the further apparatus and processed for onward transmission and the further apparatus generates a data stream which is sent to the other of the first or second apparatus.
  • the data stream which is sent from the further apparatus to the other of the first or second apparatus is the same as the data stream which has been received.
  • the control system identifies that the selected data stream transmission has failed, at which point the data stream from the said other of the first and second apparatus is selected to be transmitted to the further apparatus instead.
  • the further apparatus is non intelligent and merely retransmits the data streams but will not retransmit any stream through the port from which that stream arrived.
  • the first and second apparatus separately sense whether there is a data stream being received which has originated from the other apparatus via the further apparatus and, if not, will output its own data stream.
  • the system typically includes a timer to allow the need for a switch in selected data streams to be identified and then to be made.
  • the time taken to transfer between data streams is such that there is no, or limited, impact on the service being provided from the further apparatus.
  • the said further apparatus is provided with means to accept one of said data streams and pass the same on a path to the other of the first or second apparatus so as to block the transmission of the identical data stream from the said other of the first or second apparatus.
  • each data stream represents data for all or part of a television channel which can be selected to be viewed by the user of the service.
  • this system is most applicable in networks where there is only one data stream per TV channel and it is required that the apparatus exhibits high reliability and that there is a guarantee that the data for the television channel will still be provided even if one of the apparatus in the system fails .
  • An alternative situation might be when this arrangement is set up on each of a duplicated pair of data streams.
  • the advantage of this system is that it provides a failover mechanism that does not require any control from an external device.
  • each port on the downstream side of the apparatus monitors the multicast streams generated by other apparatus.
  • a method of providing a data stream of data for a television service comprising providing first and second substantially identical data streams to first and second apparatus, transmitting said data stream from one of said first or second apparatus to said further apparatus, wherein said further apparatus, for the duration of receiving said data stream transmits a data stream to said other of the first or second apparatus to prevent the data stream from being transmitted therefrom to said further apparatus .
  • the further apparatus does not receive the data stream from the first or second apparatus, it does not then transmit a data stream to the other of the said first or second apparatus which allows the transmission of the data stream to the further apparatus from said other of the said first or second apparatus.
  • the further apparatus generates at least one data stream to be used to provide at least one television channel.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a system in accordance with the invention in normal operating mode
  • Figure 2 illustrates the system of figure 1 upon a failure occurring
  • Figure 3 illustrates the system of figures 1 and 2 in a recovery mode o f operation.
  • FIG 1 there is illustrated a system for use in the generation of data streams which can be used to generate a television channel. It should be appreciated that the system shown is simplified with respect to the normal apparatus used to provide an overall television system. However the same operating features of the invention can be used to advantage in the operation of the overall system.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown the operation of the system in accordance with the invention in a normal mode of operation.
  • the figure illustrates an Ethernet switch 2 which receives a stream of data 4.
  • the Ethernet switch splits and then distributes the stream of data, by transmitting the same as two identical data streams 6, 8 to respective first and second processing apparatus or relays 10, 12.
  • Each of the respective relays 10,12 is capable of transmitting their respective substantially identical data stream 6', 8' to the further apparatus 14 in the form of an Ethernet switch from which a plurality of data streams 16, 18, 20 can be emitted.
  • the apparatus 14 in addition to transmitting the data streams 16,18,20 onwardly can also transmit the selected received data stream, which in this case is data stream 6', back as data stream 22 to the other of the first or second apparatus which in this case is apparatus 12.
  • the system changes operation to the mode shown in Figure 3.
  • the second apparatus 12 can now transmit its data stream 8' to the further apparatus 14 and this data stream is then used to generate the data streams 16, 18, 20 so that the sending of those, and hence the provision of the television service can be restarted.
  • the further apparatus 14 also generates a return data stream 24 from the further apparatus 14 to the first apparatus 10. In this way even when the apparatus 10 and data stream 6' can be re-established, the data stream 6' will not be transmitted for as long as the data stream 8' is continued to be used. If the data stream 8' fails at any time, then the use of the data stream 6' can be re-established and so it will be appreciated that no significant loss of service should occur by utilising this system.
  • the apparatus relays 10, 12 can be replicated several times. In this situation a timeout can occur on multiple machines causing two or more outputs to be enabled at the same time. In a real network small timing differences between the relays 10, 12 will be enough to ensure that one device will always output the first packet of data and hence a data stream which is selected to be received by the further apparatus before the others. This is all that is needed to disable all other outputs. Even if there was a clash on the first packet the apparatus would back off and time out again. The chances of a clash occurring a second time would be smaller still to the point of being negligible. There is therefore provided a data trans fer system which ensures that the downtime which may be caused due to failure of one apparatus in a range of apparatus which makes up the system can be dealt with efficiently and with no or minimum disruption to the service which is provided to the user.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

The invention which is the subject of this application relates to an apparatus and method for providing a data trans fer system which can be used in the provision of a television service. The invention allows the service to be maintained to the user even though an item of apparatus may have failed and caused the failure of a data stream, by detecting the failure and as a result of the failure allowing the transmission of a replacement stream of data which can be used in substitution of the data stream which has failed. This therefore ensures that there is no or minimum disruption to the television service.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING DATA TRANSFER
The invention which is the subject of this application relates to a data transfer system and particularly, although not necessarily exclusively, to a data transfer system which allows a television service to be provided, and to the ability to render the system to have increased resistance to excessive downtime should the apparatus fail. In particular there is a need to ensure that, should there be a failure in the supply of the data, the failure is quickly detected and an alternative source for the data is identified and utilised to ensure that the necessary data is quickly made available again so as to minimise disruption to the user of the apparatus and system.
Although the invention is now described with reference to a television service in the form of an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) system, it should be appreciated that the use of, and advantages obtained by, the current invention are not limited to this form of system and the application scope is not so limited and should not be interpreted in this manner.
Internet protocol television (IPTV) networks need to have very high reliability to ensure the quality of service expected by viewers. Since it is expected that the systems and components will from time to time fail, network providers tend to "over- provision" their networks to ensure that, should any component go down, a backup service can be put into service. Ideally, this duplication or redundancy process should be fast and automatic in order to minimize the amount of "downtime" experienced by the viewer. Most redundant systems rely on special protocols e.g. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) which allow the network components to monitor other components and, if they stop responding or report a fault, a "failover" process can be started. While this approach works well it does suffer from some potential drawbacks in that the monitoring protocols use extra bandwidth in the data transfer network. Also, while a power failure will ensure that both the data stream and the monitoring protocol will fail at the same time, a software bug could create a situation where the data stream is working and the monitoring protocol is not; or vice versa. Furthermore, if a system carrying multiple data streams only partially fails, - for example only one stream fails - then conventionally the entire apparatus and system will typically have to be taken out of service.
An aim of the present invention is to provide a means of recognising the presence or absence of a required data stream and to be able to act quickly should a failure occur; and, as a result, ensure that a network containing multiple apparatus will continue to provide service. A further aim is to use the specific characteristics of IPTV and specifically its use of IP multicast, so that no new protocols need to be introduced and provide an approach which allows monitoring of individual data streams, rather than whole apparatus, such that the failures of only one or some of the data streams can be handled whilst maintaining the provision of the remainder of the service.
A further aim is to potentially reduce the number of apparatus required in a system to ensure that the data is provided such that not every unit would necessarily need to be duplicated.
In a first aspect of the invention there is provided a data processing system, said system including a plurality of data processing apparatus provided with at least one stream of data from one or more data source and means for passing on said data to a further apparatus downstream thereof wherein first and second of the apparatus receive substantially identical data streams and the system is provided with control means to allow the data stream from one of said first and second apparatus to be selected to be passed to the said further apparatus, said selected data stream received at the further apparatus and processed for onward transmission and the further apparatus generates a data stream which is sent to the other of the first or second apparatus.
Typically the data stream which is sent from the further apparatus to the other of the first or second apparatus is the same as the data stream which has been received.
Typically if, for a predetermined period of time, the receipt of the returned data stream is not detected by the said other of the first and second apparatus by the control system, the control system identifies that the selected data stream transmission has failed, at which point the data stream from the said other of the first and second apparatus is selected to be transmitted to the further apparatus instead.
In one embodiment the further apparatus is non intelligent and merely retransmits the data streams but will not retransmit any stream through the port from which that stream arrived. The first and second apparatus separately sense whether there is a data stream being received which has originated from the other apparatus via the further apparatus and, if not, will output its own data stream.
Typically the system includes a timer to allow the need for a switch in selected data streams to be identified and then to be made.
Typically the time taken to transfer between data streams is such that there is no, or limited, impact on the service being provided from the further apparatus. In one embodiment the said further apparatus is provided with means to accept one of said data streams and pass the same on a path to the other of the first or second apparatus so as to block the transmission of the identical data stream from the said other of the first or second apparatus.
In one embodiment the invention is used in a television service system to make available a plurality of selectable television channels. In one embodiment each data stream represents data for all or part of a television channel which can be selected to be viewed by the user of the service.
Typically this system is most applicable in networks where there is only one data stream per TV channel and it is required that the apparatus exhibits high reliability and that there is a guarantee that the data for the television channel will still be provided even if one of the apparatus in the system fails . An alternative situation might be when this arrangement is set up on each of a duplicated pair of data streams. The advantage of this system is that it provides a failover mechanism that does not require any control from an external device.
Typically the system requires the use of multicast on both the input and output sides of the apparatus. Multiple apparatus are configured to support the same input streams and generate the same relays to a common further apparatus . In one embodiment each port on the downstream side of the apparatus monitors the multicast streams generated by other apparatus.
In a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of providing a data stream of data for a television service, said method comprising providing first and second substantially identical data streams to first and second apparatus, transmitting said data stream from one of said first or second apparatus to said further apparatus, wherein said further apparatus, for the duration of receiving said data stream transmits a data stream to said other of the first or second apparatus to prevent the data stream from being transmitted therefrom to said further apparatus .
In one embodiment if the further apparatus does not receive the data stream from the first or second apparatus, it does not then transmit a data stream to the other of the said first or second apparatus which allows the transmission of the data stream to the further apparatus from said other of the said first or second apparatus.
In one embodiment the further apparatus generates at least one data stream to be used to provide at least one television channel.
A specific embodiment of the invention is now described wherein;
Figure 1 illustrates a system in accordance with the invention in normal operating mode;
Figure 2 illustrates the system of figure 1 upon a failure occurring; and
Figure 3 illustrates the system of figures 1 and 2 in a recovery mode o f operation.
Referring firstly to figure 1 there is illustrated a system for use in the generation of data streams which can be used to generate a television channel. It should be appreciated that the system shown is simplified with respect to the normal apparatus used to provide an overall television system. However the same operating features of the invention can be used to advantage in the operation of the overall system.
In Figure 1 there is shown the operation of the system in accordance with the invention in a normal mode of operation. The figure illustrates an Ethernet switch 2 which receives a stream of data 4. The Ethernet switch splits and then distributes the stream of data, by transmitting the same as two identical data streams 6, 8 to respective first and second processing apparatus or relays 10, 12. Each of the respective relays 10,12 is capable of transmitting their respective substantially identical data stream 6', 8' to the further apparatus 14 in the form of an Ethernet switch from which a plurality of data streams 16, 18, 20 can be emitted.
However in the normal mode of operation only one of eth data streams 6', 8' is received by the further apparatus 14 at any given time. The apparatus 14, in addition to transmitting the data streams 16,18,20 onwardly can also transmit the selected received data stream, which in this case is data stream 6', back as data stream 22 to the other of the first or second apparatus which in this case is apparatus 12.
In accordance with the normal operating mode as illustrated in Figure 1 only one of the data streams 6', from the first apparatus 10, is required to be received by the further apparatus 14 for operation of the system. In the example shown in figure 1 it is the data stream 6' which is used with the other data stream 8' not transmitted from apparatus 12. The data stream 8' is not transmitted for as long as the apparatus 12 receives the returned data stream 22 from the further apparatus 14. This returned data stream 22 is only transmitted for as long as the data stream 6' is received by the further apparatus 14. In figure 2 it is illustrated how failure of the apparatus 10 means that the data stream 6' is not sent to the further apparatus 14 and hence the data streams 16, 18, 20 cannot be transmitted therefrom. Also, the data stream 22 can no longer be transmitted from the apparatus 14 as the data stream 6' is not being received.
In accordance with the invention, if this condition is detected to be in place for a predetermined period of time, then the system changes operation to the mode shown in Figure 3. In this mode the second apparatus 12 can now transmit its data stream 8' to the further apparatus 14 and this data stream is then used to generate the data streams 16, 18, 20 so that the sending of those, and hence the provision of the television service can be restarted. In addition the further apparatus 14 also generates a return data stream 24 from the further apparatus 14 to the first apparatus 10. In this way even when the apparatus 10 and data stream 6' can be re-established, the data stream 6' will not be transmitted for as long as the data stream 8' is continued to be used. If the data stream 8' fails at any time, then the use of the data stream 6' can be re-established and so it will be appreciated that no significant loss of service should occur by utilising this system.
In a more advanced system, the apparatus relays 10, 12 can be replicated several times. In this situation a timeout can occur on multiple machines causing two or more outputs to be enabled at the same time. In a real network small timing differences between the relays 10, 12 will be enough to ensure that one device will always output the first packet of data and hence a data stream which is selected to be received by the further apparatus before the others. This is all that is needed to disable all other outputs. Even if there was a clash on the first packet the apparatus would back off and time out again. The chances of a clash occurring a second time would be smaller still to the point of being negligible. There is therefore provided a data trans fer system which ensures that the downtime which may be caused due to failure of one apparatus in a range of apparatus which makes up the system can be dealt with efficiently and with no or minimum disruption to the service which is provided to the user.

Claims

Claims
1 . A data processing system, said system including a plurality of data processing apparatus provided with at least one stream of data from one or more data source and means for passing on said data to a further apparatus downstream thereof wherein first and second of the apparatus receive substantially identical data streams and the system is provided with control means to allow the data stream from one of said first and second apparatus to be selected to be passed to the said further apparatus, said selected data stream received at the further apparatus and processed for onward transmission and the further apparatus generates a data stream which is sent to the other of the first or second apparatus.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein if, for a predetermined period of time, the receipt of the data stream is not detected by the said other of the said first and second apparatus a failure is deemed to have occurred.
3 A system according to claim 2 wherein if a failure is deemed to have occurred the data stream from the said other of the said first and second apparatus is selected to be transmitted to the further apparatus.
4. A system according to claim 1 wherein the further apparatus retransmits the data stream to the said other of the first and second apparatus but does not retransmit any data stream through the port from which that data stream is originally received.
5. A system according to any preceding claim wherein the first and second apparatus detect whether there is a data stream originating being received from the further apparatus and, if not, outputs its own data stream.
6. A system according to claim 2 wherein the system includes a timer to allow a predetermined period of time to be detected.
7. A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the time taken to transfer between the data stream transmitted to the further apparatus is substantially instantaneous to minimise impact on the one or more data streams being generated from the further apparatus.
8. A system according to claim 1 wherein the said further apparatus is provided with means to accept the data stream from one of the first or second of the said apparatus and pass that data stream on a path to the other of the first or second of the said apparatus so as to block the transmission of the data stream from the said other of the said first or second apparatus.
9. A system according to claim 8 wherein the data stream which is blocked is substantially identical to the data stream which is transmitted to and accepted by the further apparatus.
10. A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the same is used in a television data system to make available data streams from which a plurality of user selectable television channels can be generated.
1 1 . A system according to claim 10 wherein the system is used in a television data system in which one data stream is provided per TV channel.
12. A system according to claim 1 wherein the system uses multicast on one or both of the input and output sides of the apparatus.
13. A system according to claim 12 wherein each port on the downstream side of the apparatus monitors the multicast streams generated by at least one other item of apparatus in the system.
14 A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the data stream which is sent from the further apparatus to the other of the first or second apparatus is the same as the data stream which has been received by the further apparatus.
15 A system according to any of the preceding claims wherein the system is an Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) system.
16 A method of providing a data stream of data for a television service, said method comprising providing first and second substantially identical data streams to first and second apparatus, transmitting said data stream from one of said first or second apparatus to said further apparatus, wherein said further apparatus, for the duration of receiving said data stream transmits a data stream to said other of the first or second apparatus to prevent the data stream from being transmitted therefrom to said further apparatus.
17 A method according to claim 16 wherein if the further apparatus does not receive the data stream from the first or second apparatus, it does not then transmit a data stream to the other of the said first or second apparatus which allows the transmission of the data stream to the further apparatus from said other of the said first or second apparatus. 18 A method according to claim 16 wherein the further apparatus generates at least one data stream to be used to provide at least one television channel.
PCT/GB2009/001578 2008-06-25 2009-06-24 System and method for controlling data transfer WO2009156721A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB0811589A GB0811589D0 (en) 2008-06-25 2008-06-25 Data transfer system

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Citations (3)

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US6910078B1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2005-06-21 Cisco Technology, Inc. Methods and apparatus for controlling the transmission of stream data

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6373826B1 (en) * 1998-12-15 2002-04-16 Nortel Networks Limited Spanning tree algorithm
US6674755B1 (en) * 2000-06-30 2004-01-06 Cisco Technology, Inc. Method and system for protection switching in a telecommunications network
US6910078B1 (en) * 2001-11-15 2005-06-21 Cisco Technology, Inc. Methods and apparatus for controlling the transmission of stream data

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