WO2009149434A1 - Procédé pour éliminer le dioxyde de carbone de déchets gazeux - Google Patents

Procédé pour éliminer le dioxyde de carbone de déchets gazeux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009149434A1
WO2009149434A1 PCT/US2009/046527 US2009046527W WO2009149434A1 WO 2009149434 A1 WO2009149434 A1 WO 2009149434A1 US 2009046527 W US2009046527 W US 2009046527W WO 2009149434 A1 WO2009149434 A1 WO 2009149434A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
absorbent composition
waste gases
perfluorodecalin
algae
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2009/046527
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence V. Dressler
Alexander Chirkov
Original Assignee
Dressler Lawrence V
Alexander Chirkov
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US12/137,613 external-priority patent/US20090151241A1/en
Application filed by Dressler Lawrence V, Alexander Chirkov filed Critical Dressler Lawrence V
Priority to CA2761370A priority Critical patent/CA2761370A1/fr
Priority to GB1020833A priority patent/GB2472369A/en
Publication of WO2009149434A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009149434A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to a method for removing or eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases. More specifically, the present invention is a method for removing or eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases by contacting the waste gases with an absorbent composition.
  • the absorbent composition absorbs the waste gases which thereby eliminates the carbon dioxide from the waste gases.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 100180/1978 discloses a method for removing an acidic gas which comprises bringing a usually gaseous mixture into contact with an amine-solvent liquid absorbent comprising (1) an amine mixture comprising at least 50 mole % of a steric hindrance amine constituting a part of a ring and having at least one secondary amino group bonded to either of a secondary carbon atom or a tertiary carbon atom or a primary amino group bonded to the tertiary carbon atom, and at least about 10 mole % of the tertiary amino-alcohol, and (2) a solvent for the above- mentioned amine mixture which functions as a physical absorbent for the acidic gas.
  • an amine-solvent liquid absorbent comprising (1) an amine mixture comprising at least 50 mole % of a steric hindrance amine constituting a part of a ring and having at least one secondary amino group bonded to either of a secondary carbon atom or a
  • steric hindrance amine examples include 2-piperidine ethanol[2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperidine] and 3-amino-3- methyl-1-butanol, and a usable example of the tertiary amino-alcohol is 3-dimethylamino-l-propanol.
  • an example of the solvent is a sulfoxide compound which may contain water in an amount of 25% by weight or less
  • an example of a gas to be treated is "a usually gaseous mixture containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide at high concentrations, for example, 35% of Carbon dioxide and 10-12% of H. sub.2 S" on page 1, left upper column of the same gazette. In the undermentioned examples, Carbon dioxide itself is used.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,622,267 discloses a technique in which an aqueous mixture containing methyldiethanolamine and monoethylmonoethanolamine is used to purify a high-partial pressure carbon dioxide contained in a synthetic gas such as a partially oxidized gas of a crude oil or the like, for example, a synthetic gas containing 30% of Carbon dioxide at 40 atm.
  • a synthetic gas such as a partially oxidized gas of a crude oil or the like, for example, a synthetic gas containing 30% of Carbon dioxide at 40 atm.
  • the invention preserves the advantages of prior methods for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases. In addition, it provides new advantages not found in currently available methods for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases and overcomes many disadvantages of such currently available methods.
  • the present invention provides a method for the elimination of carbon dioxide from waste gases using an absorbent composition. When waste gases are emitted and contacted with the absorbent composition, the carbon dioxide within the waste gases is absorbed or dissolved into the absorbent composition thereby eliminating carbon dioxide from the waste gases.
  • the invention transfers carbon dioxide in increased concentrations using perfluorodecalin for growth of algae in a photobioreactor. First, a perfluorodecalin solution is provided and mixed with a biological growth medium and a surfactant.
  • the biological growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture are then emulsified by circulation in a high-pressure emulsifier.
  • the emulsified biological growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture are then added to a photobioreactor containing algae capable of photosynthetically utilizing carbon dioxide. After adding carbon dioxide to the photobioreactor, the carbon dioxide dissolves in the perfluorodecalin solution at a higher concentration than in the growth medium. Conditions sufficient for the algae to perform photosynthesis using carbon dioxide from the perfluorodecalin solution are maintained thereby increasing the growth rate of the algae in increased concentration of carbon dioxide due to the increased solubility of carbon dioxide in the perfluorodecalin solution.
  • the invention also consists of a photobioreactor system used in the method for increased production of algae.
  • the photobioreactor system has a container for containing algae and a light within the container for photosynthesis.
  • the photobioreactor system has a means for introducing emulsion containing biological growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture to contact the algae.
  • the photobioreactor system has a means for introducing carbon dioxide into the container such that the carbon dioxide dissolves in the perfluorodecalin solution at a higher concentration than in the growth medium and the carbon dioxide photosynthetically reacts with the algae in said container means in the presence of light.
  • the photobioreactor has a means for controlling a temperature and agitation rate of the growth medium, perflourodecalin solution and algae within the photobioreactor to maintain conditions sufficient for the algae to perform photosynthesis using carbon dioxide from the perfluorodecalin solution, thereby increasing the growth rate of the algae in increased concentration of carbon dioxide due to the increased solubility of carbon dioxide in the perfluorodecalin solution.
  • the photobioreactor has a means for circulating the emulsion within said container to facilitate photosynthesis of algae within said container.
  • the invention provides a method for the elimination of carbon dioxide from waste gases which includes the following steps.
  • waste gases which include carbon dioxide
  • a source for waste gases such as combustion of fuels, conversion from methane in a hydrogen plant, vehicle exhaust, power plant emissions, fermentation of sugar, thermal decomposition of limestone, sodium phosphate manufacturing, landfills, carbon dioxide springs, and other carbon dioxide sources.
  • the waste gases are contacted with an absorbent composition which includes perfluorodecalin solution.
  • the waste gases, especially the carbon dioxide are then absorbed by the absorbent composition.
  • the absorbent composition thereby absorbs the waste gases to eliminate the carbon dioxide.
  • the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) absorbed from waste gases is then usable to facilitate growth of photoautotrophs, such as algae.
  • the invention provides an absorbent composition used for increasing growth rate of photoautotrophs, such as algae, or other organisms that use photosynthesis.
  • the absorbent composition for increasing the growth rate of photoautotrophs includes a perfluorodecalin solution and carbon dioxide absorbed from waste gases.
  • the waste gase source includes, at least, the following: combustions of fuels, especially fossil fuels, power plant emissions, vehicle exhaust, conversion from methane in a hydrogen plant, fermentation of sugar, thermal decomposition of limestone, sodium phosphate manufacturing, landfills, carbon dioxide springs, and other carbon dioxide sources.
  • the invention also provides an absorbent apparatus for absorbing carbon dioxide from waste gases.
  • the absorbent composition which includes perfluorodecalin solution, for absorbing carbon dioxide from waste gases is provided within the apparatus.
  • the absorbent composition is contained within the absorbent apparatus during contact with the waste gases.
  • the absorbent apparatus is a vehicle absorber unit connected to an exhaust system of a vehicle.
  • the absorbent apparatus is a power plant absorber unit connected to a flue source, such as a flue stack.
  • the waste gases are provided to the absorbent composition inside the absorbent apparatus using a waste gas delivery system. After the absorbent composition is contacted with the waste gases inside the apparatus, the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is removed from the absorbent apparatus to be used to facilitate the growth of photoautotrophs, such as algae.
  • the invention provides a system for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases to use in the production of biomass.
  • the biomass in one embodiment, are photoautotrophs and more specifically algae but can be any biomass used to produce renewable energy.
  • the system provides a waste gas delivery system for providing waste gases.
  • the absorbent composition that includes perflouordecalin solution is positioned to contact waste gases delivered by waste gas delivery system. After the absorbent composition is saturated with carbon dioxide, the absorbent composition is delivered by an absorbent composition delivery system to contact biomass. Upon contacting the absorbent composition with the biomass, and addition of a biological growth medium, the growth rate and lipid content of the biomass, such as algae, is increased.
  • the invention provides a method for operating a photobioreactor using carbon dioxide absorbed from wastes gases.
  • the method for operating the photobioreactor includes the following steps. First, waste gases are provided that include carbon dioxide by waste gas sources. Second, the waste gases are contacted with an absorbent composition that includes perfluorodecalin solution. Third, the waste gases are absorbed using the absorbent composition. Fourth, the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is delivered to the photobioreactor. Fifth, the absorbent composition contacts the photoautotrophs within the photobioreactor. Thereby, carbon dioxide is eventually released from absorbent composition to facilitate growth and lipid content of photoautotrophs, such as algae.
  • the invention also provides a method for operating an open- pond system using carbon dioxide from waste gases. Also, the invention provides a method for operating an open-pond system using carbon dioxide absorbed from wastes gases.
  • the method for operating the open-pond systems includes the following steps. First, waste gases are provided that include carbon dioxide from waste gas sources. Second, the waste gases are contacted with an absorbent composition that includes perfluorodecalin solution. Third, the waste gases are absorbed using the absorbent composition. Fourth, the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is delivered to the open-pond system. Fifth, the absorbent composition contacts the photoautotrophs within the open-pond system. Thereby, carbon dioxide is eventually released from absorbent composition to facilitate growth and lipid content of photoautotrophs, such as algae.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for the elimination of carbon dioxde from waste gases using an absorbent composition.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent composition which increases the growth rate and lipid content of photoautotrophs.
  • It is yet another object of the present invention is to provide an absorbent apparatus that uses an absorbent composition to eliminate carbon dioxide from waste gases. [27] It is a further object of the present invention to provide a system including an absorbent composition to eliminate carbon dioxide from waste gases to use in the production of biomass.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a photobioreactor using carbon dioxide absorbed from waste gases by use of the absorbent composition.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating an open-pond system using carbon dioxide absorbed from waste gases by use of the absorbent composition.
  • Fig. 1 is a prior art table from U.S. Patent No. 5,637,499 disclosing the increase of solubility of carbon dioxide in a microbiological medium when using perfluorodecalin;
  • Fig. 2 is a prior art schematic view of a photobioreactor as an example of a photobioreactor for use in the method of the present invention;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the method for increasing production of algae in a photobioreactor
  • Fig. 4 is a graph of algae growth in water or water with perfluorodecalin when carbon dioxide is added;
  • Fig. 5 is a graph of change in partial pressure of carbon dioxide in water or water with the perfluorodecalin after algae is added;
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a method for the elimination of carbon dioxide from waste gases
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic drawing of the system for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases to use in production of biomass
  • Fig. 8A is a perspective view of the vehicle absorber unit connected to an exhaust system
  • Fig. 8B is a perspective view of the vehicle absorber unit connected to an exhaust system and gas separator;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic drawing of a system using the vehicle absorber unit to eliminate carbon dioxide from waste gases
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram of a storage and transport system for the absorbent composition
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a method for operating a photobioreactor using carbon dioxide absorbed from waste gases.
  • Fig. 12 is a block diagram of a method for operating an open- pond using carbon dioxide absorbed from waste gases.
  • the present invention is a method of transferring carbon dioxide in increased concentrations using perfluorodecalin for growth of algae in a photobioreactor 10.
  • Algae is known for attracting and accumulating on its surface both carbon dioxide and oxygen as long as space is available.
  • a photobioreactor is used throughout this description but, by no means, is the photobioreactor the only bioreactor suited for production of algae for use in the present invention.
  • a photobioreactor that is used in the prior art is illustrated at Fig. 2.
  • Perfluorodecalin can be used as 4% to up to 20% solution without significantly affecting the nutritional media for algae growth. Due to its small size, perfluorodecalin will be filtrated easily from algae during the harvesting. After simple recycling, it can be used again for algae growth. Perfluorodecalin is reusable and has an extended life.
  • Perfluorodecalin is capable of dissolving large amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide in a biological growth medium and acts as the carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Perfluorodecalin will tend to circulate in dependent areas and those areas where gas exchange is most diminished. Overall, the benefits of perfluorodecalin are improved gas exchange for use in the production of algae. To date, there is no known use of perfluorodecalin in a method of increasing the productivity and growth of algae in a photobioreactor system. The method of the present invention is further explained below. [48] Referring to Fig. 3, the present method begins by providing a perfluorodecalin solution 15 and mixing it with a biological growth medium and a surfactant 20.
  • the biological growth medium is suited to support algae capable of photosynthetically utilizing carbon dioxide and the surfactant capable of being emulsified. It is contemplated other perfluorocarbons, other than perfluorodecalin, may be used in the current method.
  • the biological growth medium is an aqueous solution, such as water.
  • the biological growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture are then emulsified by circulation in a high- pressure emulsifier so that the perfluorodecalin solution is in the distributed state throughout the emulsified biological growth medium 25.
  • the surfactant mixture contains phospholipids.
  • the present method uses perfluorocarbons, preferably perfluorodecalin, or phospholipids or both chemicals to increase productivity and growth of algae.
  • the emulsified biological growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture are then added to a photobioreactor containing algae capable of photosynthetically utilizing carbon dioxide 30. After adding carbon dioxide to the photobioreactor containing emulsified growth medium 35, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture, the carbon dioxide dissolves in the perfluorodecalin solution at a higher concentration than in the growth medium.
  • the temperature and agitation rate of the biological growth medium, perfluorocarbon solution and algae within the photobioreactor are maintained sufficiently for the algae to perform photosynthesis using carbon dioxide from the perfluorodecalin solution, thereby increasing the growth rate of the algae in increased concentration of carbon dioxide due to the increased solubility of carbon dioxide in the perfluorodecalin solution 40.
  • the perfluorodecalin releases carbon dioxide into the biological growth media for use by algae in photosynthesis. It is contemplated that the, in one embodiment, the perfluorodecalin is pretreated with carbon dioxide before entering the photobioreactor. After releasing the carbon dioxide, the perfluorodecalin absorbs oxygen produced as a byproduct of photosynthesis using perfluorodecalin to moves away from the algae. This release of carbon dioxide and absorption of oxygen by perfluorodecalin facilitates maintaining a steady state saturation level of carbon dioxide surrounding the algae.
  • perfluorodecalin for use in increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide, an increased production of fatty acids is provided in the algae.
  • a higher fat content of algae is desirable in the production of alternative fuels, such as biodiesel.
  • perfluorodecalin works as a carrier for transporting carbon dioxide to the algae and absorbing oxygen to move it away from algae. The method results in the increase of the growth rate and fat content of algae.
  • the growth rate and fatty acids of algae will increase.
  • This algae with fatty acids is desirable for production of oils used in biofuels once removed from the photobioreactor.
  • the algae are harvested from the container by separating the algae from the emulsion containing perfluorodecalin solution. Once the algae are harvested, the perfluorodecalin solution is recycled from the container for future use.
  • the oils are extracted from the algae for use in production of biofuel.
  • the present invention also consists of a photobioreactor system used in the method for increased production of algae.
  • the photobioreactor system has a container for containing algae and a light within the container for photosynthesis.
  • the photobioreactor system has a means for introducing emulsion containing biological growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution, and surfactant mixture to contact the algae.
  • the photobioreactor system has a means for introducing carbon dioxide into the container such that the carbon dioxide dissolves in the perfluorodecalin solution at a higher concentration than in the growth medium and the carbon dioxide photo synthetically reacts with the algae in said container means in the presence of light.
  • the photobioreactor has a means for controlling a temperature and agitation rate of the growth medium, perfluorodecalin solution and algae within the photobioreactor to maintain conditions sufficient for the algae to perform photosynthesis using carbon dioxide from the perfluorodecalin solution, thereby increasing the growth rate of the algae in increased concentration of carbon dioxide due to the increased solubility of carbon dioxide in the perfluorodecalin solution.
  • the photobioreactor has a means for circulating the emulsion within said container to facilitate photosynthesis of algae within said container.
  • the photobioreactor is used for extracting algae for use in production of biofuels.
  • the photobioreactor has a means for harvesting algae from said container and a means for recycling perfluorodecalin solution from said container for future use. Once the algae are retrieved, the photobioreactor may further include a means for extracting the oils from algae obtained from said container for use in production of biofuel.
  • waste gases which include carbon dioxide
  • the waste gas source includes the following: combustion of fuels, especially fossil fuels, conversion from methane in a hydrogen plant, vehicle exhaust, power plant emissions, fermentation of sugar, thermal decomposition of limestone, sodium phosphate manufacturing, landfills, carbon dioxide springs, and any other carbon dioxide source where the byproduct of the process, system, or the source itself is partially, wholly, or in part consisting of carbon dioxide. It is contemplated that there are many more waste gas sources than cited above and by no means should this list reflect any limitation on the waste gas sources that includes carbon dioxide to be used in the method.
  • the waste gases are contacted with an absorbent composition 54.
  • the absorption composition is used in the method for elimination, absorption, collection, or removal of carbon dioxide from waste gases from waste gas sources.
  • the present method may use perfluorocarbons, fluorocarbons, a derivate of decalin, or perfluorodecalin in the absorbent composition.
  • the absorbent composition may be contained in an absorbent apparatus, further explained herein, which is configured based upon the waste gas source and the waste gas delivery system.
  • the absorbent composition includes a perfluorodecalin solution.
  • the perfluorodecalin may also be used in conjunction with or in combination with other solutions or chemicals to increase the adsorption of carbon dioxide form the waste gases.
  • the absorbent composition may also include a biological growth medium, such as an aqueous medium mixed with nutrition to facilitate photosynthesis for photoautotrophs.
  • the absorbent composition may also further include a surfactant containing phospholipids or other surfactants, solutions, or chemicals for use in a photobioreactor, open-pond system, or other environment where photosynthesis occurs.
  • the absorbent composition includes perfluorodecalin solution.
  • perfluorodecalin the absorbent composition is able to absorb carbon dioxide better and at a higher concentration than water alone.
  • the method may also further include separating water and residual or wanted gases from the waste gases. The absorbent composition thereby absorbs the waste gases to eliminate the carbon dioxide.
  • the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) absorbed from waste gases is then usable to facilitate growth of biomass, such as photoautotrophs, during photosynthesis.
  • the photoautotroph is algae.
  • photosynthesis requires carbon dioxide to be performed and the greater the concentration of carbon dioxide then the better growth rate and fatty acid or lipid contact of the biomass.
  • the method for elimination of carbon dioxide from waste gases results in the biosequestering of the waste gases in biomass through photosynthesis.
  • the invention provides an absorbent composition used for increasing growth rate of biomass, such as photoautotrophs, or any other organism that uses photosynthesis or carbon dioxide.
  • the photoautotroph is algae.
  • the absorbent composition for increasing the growth rate of biomass includes the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide absorbed from waste gases.
  • the absorbent composition may also be saturated with carbon dioxide before entering an environment for photosynthesis, such as a photobioreactor or open-pond system, during the process of photosynthesis in the environment, or at any time desirable to facilitate the growth and fat acid content of biomass.
  • the absorbent composition may also be saturated with carbon dioxide from sources other than waste gas sources.
  • the invention provides a system for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases to use in the production of biomass 60.
  • the biomass in one embodiment, is photoautotrophs and more specifically algae but can be any biomass used to produce renewable energy.
  • the system provides a waste gas delivery system 62 for providing waste gases.
  • the waste gas delivery system includes a flue gas source 61, such as a flue stack, which generates a waste gas including carbon dioxide.
  • the flue gas source 61 emits a flue gas and which is moved along a series of fluid connections and pumps throughout the system 60.
  • an optional heat exchanger 86 regulates the proper temperature of the absorbent composition 72 before a blower 64 moves the flue gases along the fluid connections.
  • a drier 66 removes moisture from the flue gases.
  • the flue gases are then monitored by flow element meter 67, pressure transmitter 68, and temperature indicating transmitter 69 as they travel into the carbon dioxide sequestering tank 70.
  • the absorbent composition is contained in a holding tank 72 (Raw Falcon) and then manually or automatically delivered to the carbon dioxide sequestering tank 70 through a fluid conduit.
  • the absorbent composition is dispersed or positioned by a diffuser 76 to facilitate contact with waste or flue gases delivered by waste gas delivery system 62 within the carbon dioxide sequestering tank 70.
  • a device mixes 74 the absorbent composition within the carbon dioxide sequestering tank 70 to increase the absorption rate and concentration of carbon dioxide within the absorbent composition.
  • the carbon dioxide sequestering tank reaches a certain weight, as determined by the load cells 78, this indicates that the absorbent composition has reached a predetermined saturation of carbon dioxide and is now ready for delivery to a saturated absorbent composition holding tank 80 (Falcon Holding Tank).
  • levels of Nitrogen oxide or NOx are continuously monitored using a NOx sensor system 82 A, 82B.
  • the absorbent composition is delivered by an absorbent composition delivery system 90 to contact biomass, such as algae.
  • biomass such as algae.
  • the absorbent composition exits the saturated absorbent composition holding tank 80, it passes through a second heat exchanger 84 to properly regulate the predetermined temperature of the absorbent composition.
  • the absorbent composition enters the algae reactors 92 or photobioreactors for photoautotrophs through a valve 91 , which may involve one or more algae reactors 92.
  • temperature 94A, 94B and pressure gauges 96A, 96B are used to monitor the temperature and pressure of the absorbent composition.
  • the biomass is moved into a centrifuge to separate the biomass from the absorbent composition, biological growth medium, and surfactant.
  • a second centrifuge may also be used to further remove the absorbent composition, specifically the perfluorodecalin solution to be reused or recycled and deposited into holding tank (Raw Falcon) 72.
  • the invention also provides an absorbent apparatus for absorbing carbon dioxide from waste gases.
  • the absorbent composition for absorbing carbon dioxide from waste gases is provided within or about the absorbent apparatus.
  • the absorbent composition is contained within the absorbent apparatus during contact with the waste gases.
  • the absorbent apparatus is a vehicle absorber unit 110 connected to an exhaust system 105 of a vehicle (not shown).
  • the vehicle absorber unit 110 is fluidly connected to an exhaust pipe 120 and fluidly connected to a muffler 115 of the exhaust system 105.
  • the exhaust system 105 is fluidly connected to an internal combustion engine (not shown) at the end closest to the muffler 115.
  • the method for the elimination of carbon dioxide gases from waste gases can be used in conjunction with the vehicle absorber unit 110.
  • the vehicle absorber unit 110 can be used to remove carbon dioxide from any gases, exhaust, or fumes generated by an internal combustion engine or other engines or power sources for a vehicle that emit waste gases, such as a car or truck.
  • the vehicle absorber unit by using the absorbent composition contained therein, may eliminate, absorb, collect and/or remove carbon dioxide from exhaust or waste gases emitted from the internal combustion engine.
  • a vehicle emission gas separator can also be connected to a vehicle exhaust system 125.
  • the vehicle emission gas separator 130 is positioned between the muffler 115 and absorbent apparatus 110.
  • vehicle emission gases consist of the following gases by percentage: nitrogen 60%, carbon dioxide 15%, nitric oxide 6%, oxygen 5%, and miscellaneous gases 14%.
  • the separator 130 receives the vehicle emission gases and removes the carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, and some miscellaneous gases and directs them toward the vehicle absorbent unit 110. The remaining gases, nitrogen, oxygen, and various miscellaneous gases, will be directed in a separate direction and eventually released into the atmosphere.
  • the vehicle emission gas separator 130, muffler 115, exhaust systems 105, 125, and vehicle absorber unit 110 may have a variety of configurations and Figs. 8A- 8B are intended as examples.
  • FIG. 9 a schematic drawing of a system 135 using the vehicle absorber unit 110 to eliminate carbon dioxide from waste gases is shown.
  • the vehicle absorber unit 110 shown in a cross-section, contains multiple units of tubular structures 130 with a place for injection 132 of absorbent composition (FRESH FALCON- N) 148 and a centered opening or aperture 142 for exhausted or waste gases 146 emitted from an engine (not shown). Under the pressure of exhausted gases an absorbent composition adheres to the wall and moves under the pressure created by absorbent pump 144. Length of the tubes 130 and their number as well as diameters depends on the amount of carbon dioxide that is getting released from the engine or other source of power.
  • FRESH FALCON- N absorbent composition
  • Absorption of carbon dioxide and other harmful gases occurs during the movement of exhausted gases through the length of tube 130.
  • water and absorption composition are separated as two non-mixing substances.
  • the absorption composition is not water soluble and will not mix with water.
  • Absorbent composition is saturated with carbon dioxide that is collected in storage tank 150 through one directional flow valve.
  • the replacement of saturated absorption composition with carbon dioxide (FALCON-C) with an unsaturated absorption composition (FALCON-N) 148 will be made at a gas filling station 200. From the storage tank of the pumping station, the unsaturated, or clean, absorption composition is pumped through one directional valve into the vehicle absorber unit of the vehicle.
  • the absorbent composition After collecting the saturated absorbent composition with carbon dioxide, the absorbent composition is eventually freed from carbon dioxide in a biosequestration process.
  • the absorbent composition is used for carbon dioxide storage and as a releasing media for the growth of biomass in an environment configured for photosynthesis, such as photobioreactor, open-pond system, or any other natural or artifical environment configured for photosynthesis.
  • the absorbent apparatus is a power plant absorber unit connected to a flue source, such as a flue stack 61 from a power plant shown in Fig. 7, or other energy producing environment where waste gases or carbon dioxide is emitted.
  • a flue source such as a flue stack 61 from a power plant shown in Fig. 7, or other energy producing environment where waste gases or carbon dioxide is emitted.
  • the method for the elimination of carbon dioxide gases from waste gases can be used in conjunction with a power plant which emits flue gases that include carbon dioxide.
  • the power plant absorber unit is used for the absorption, collection and removal of carbon dioxide from flue gases.
  • the power plant absorber unit is configured to work in conjunction with the power plant.
  • the power plant absorber unit allows for the storage of the adsorbent composition and contacting the adsorption material with the flue gases to eliminate the carbon dioxide from the flue gases.
  • the waste gases are provided to the absorbent composition inside the absorbent apparatus using a waste gas delivery system. After the absorbent composition is contacted with the waste gases inside the apparatus, the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is removed from the absorbent apparatus to be used to facilitate the growth of photoautotrophs, such as algae.
  • the invention includes a method for transporting the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide 210.
  • the usage of the absorbent composition permits holding and transporting the carbon dioxide without the requirement of pressurizing and liquefying the gas.
  • a holding tank (Falcon Holding Tank) 212, 214 filled with absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is offloaded into a standard liquid bulk tank truck 216 or other vehicle for hauling fluids.
  • the standard liquid bulk tank truck 216 may make more than one pickups of saturated absorbent composition, and at the same time, may deliver unsaturated or clean saturated absorbent if necessary to the power plant, gas station, or other environment where waste gases are absorbed by the absorbent composition.
  • the invention provides a method for operating a photobioreactor using carbon dioxide absorbed from wastes gases 220.
  • the method for operating the photobioreactor includes the following steps. First, waste gases are provided that include carbon dioxide by waste gas sources 222. Second, the waste gases are contacted with an absorbent composition that includes perfluorodecalin solution 224. Third, the waste gases are absorbed using the absorbent composition 226.
  • the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is delivered to the photobioreactor 228.
  • the absorbent composition contacts the photoautotrophs within the photobioreactor 230. Thereby, carbon dioxide is eventually released from absorbent composition to facilitate growth and lipid content of photoautotrophs, such as algae 232.
  • the invention also provides a method for operating an open-pond system using carbon dioxide from waste gases 240.
  • the method for operating the open-pond systems includes the following steps. First, waste gases are provided that include carbon dioxide from waste gas sources 242. Second, the waste gases are contacted with an absorbent composition that includes perfluorodecalin solution 244. Third, the waste gases are absorbed using the absorbent composition 246. Fourth, the absorbent composition saturated with carbon dioxide is delivered to the open- pond system 248. Fifth, the absorbent composition contacts the photoautotrophs within the open-pond system 250. Thereby, carbon dioxide is eventually released from absorbent composition to facilitate growth and lipid content of photoautotrophs, such as algae 252.
  • a new method for removing carbon dioxide from gas is provided. More specifically, a method for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases by contacting the waste gases to an absorbent composition.
  • the absorbent composition includes perfluorodecalin solution.
  • the carbon dioxide within the waste gases is absorbed or dissolved into the absorbent composition thereby eliminating carbon dioxide from the waste gases.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un procédé pour éliminer le dioxyde de carbone de déchets gazeux (50) comprenant les étapes suivantes. En premier lieu, les déchets gazeux, qui comprennent du dioxyde de carbone, sont fournis à partir d’une source de déchets gazeux (52). Ensuite, les déchets gazeux sont mis en contact avec une composition absorbante qui comprend une solution de perfluorodécaline (54). Les déchets gazeux, en particulier le dioxyde de carbone, sont ensuite absorbés par la composition absorbante (56). La composition absorbante absorbe ainsi les déchets gazeux pour en éliminer le dioxyde de carbone (58).
PCT/US2009/046527 2008-06-06 2009-06-06 Procédé pour éliminer le dioxyde de carbone de déchets gazeux WO2009149434A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2761370A CA2761370A1 (fr) 2008-06-06 2009-06-06 Procede pour eliminer le dioxyde de carbone de dechets gazeux
GB1020833A GB2472369A (en) 2008-06-06 2009-06-06 Method for eliminating carbon dioxide from waste gases

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5940708P 2008-06-06 2008-06-06
US61/059,407 2008-06-06
US12/137,613 US20090151241A1 (en) 2007-12-14 2008-06-12 Method for producing algae in photobioreactor
US12/137,613 2008-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009149434A1 true WO2009149434A1 (fr) 2009-12-10

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CA (1) CA2761370A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2009149434A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2371940A1 (fr) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-05 B.T.Biochemical Tissues S.R.L. Procédé de production de bio-huiles impliquant l'utilisation de CO2

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263263A (en) * 1979-06-04 1981-04-21 Vaseen Vesper A Internal combustion engine-exhaust gases and particulate treatment
US4733528A (en) * 1984-03-02 1988-03-29 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Energy recovery
US5637499A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-06-10 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Method for enhancing microbial utilization rates of gases using perfluorocarbons
US20060112678A1 (en) * 2004-11-04 2006-06-01 Eaton Corporation Multiple reactant multiple catalyst selective catalytic reduction for NOx abatement in internal combustion engines
US20080072760A1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-03-27 Toshihiro Imada Carbon dioxide absorbent, carbon dioxide separating apparatus, and reformer

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4263263A (en) * 1979-06-04 1981-04-21 Vaseen Vesper A Internal combustion engine-exhaust gases and particulate treatment
US4733528A (en) * 1984-03-02 1988-03-29 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Energy recovery
US5637499A (en) * 1994-04-29 1997-06-10 Lockheed Idaho Technologies Company Method for enhancing microbial utilization rates of gases using perfluorocarbons
US20060112678A1 (en) * 2004-11-04 2006-06-01 Eaton Corporation Multiple reactant multiple catalyst selective catalytic reduction for NOx abatement in internal combustion engines
US20080072760A1 (en) * 2006-09-27 2008-03-27 Toshihiro Imada Carbon dioxide absorbent, carbon dioxide separating apparatus, and reformer

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2371940A1 (fr) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-05 B.T.Biochemical Tissues S.R.L. Procédé de production de bio-huiles impliquant l'utilisation de CO2

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CA2761370A1 (fr) 2009-12-10
GB201020833D0 (en) 2011-01-19
GB2472369A (en) 2011-02-02

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