WO2009148649A1 - Hybrid power plant - Google Patents
Hybrid power plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009148649A1 WO2009148649A1 PCT/US2009/035630 US2009035630W WO2009148649A1 WO 2009148649 A1 WO2009148649 A1 WO 2009148649A1 US 2009035630 W US2009035630 W US 2009035630W WO 2009148649 A1 WO2009148649 A1 WO 2009148649A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steam
- coal
- plant
- power plant
- energy
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes, for nuclear reactors as far as they are not classified, according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to nuclear power plants and, more specifically, to a hybrid power plant combining a nuclear power plant or a biomass fired power plant with a fossil fuel fired power plant to provide improved efficiencies and reduced emissions.
- coal gas
- petroleum nuclear
- CY 2006 International Energy Agency
- Each of these sources has its strengths and weaknesses.
- US only data from the US Department of Energy breaks down combustibles as coal 49.7%, natural gas 18.7% and petroleum 3%. Petroleum is almost always reserved for transportation and is not normally used in electrical power generation. Natural gas is used, but because of its cost is normally only used to power peak period surge capacity. This leaves nuclear and coal fired plants to provide base load and the majority of electricity in the world.
- Coal-fired fossil fuel plants generally operate at the highest levels of thermal efficiency, with electricity output to heat unit input fractions in the 30-45% range. This is accomplished through a three-step steam cycle.
- the feedwater to the boiler is pre-heated with the low temperature effluent combustion gasses extraction steam to increase the temperature from condenser temperature to approximately 450-500°F.
- the feed water is added to the boiler, it is heated and converted to saturated steam at temperatures of 500-600°F.
- the steam Once the steam is formed in the boiler, it passes through superheat tubes in the hottest section of the effluent gas column where the steam is increased in temperature to 1100°F - 1200°F.
- This superheated steam is then passed through a series of high, intermediate and low pressure turbines where energy is extracted and electricity is produced by generators mechanically attached to the turbines.
- a final step in a coal-fired plant process for electricity generation is that the air being drawn into the firebox is passed through the lowest temperature effluent gasses to pre-heat the incoming air and increase the temperature of combustion.
- a coal-fired plant is very efficient, but even in this type of plant most of the energy of combustion is lost.
- 1512 BTUs required to heat a pound of ambient 140°F (60°C) feedwater to a pound of superheated steam at 1200°F (650°C) 1000 psi steam, 1014 BTUs or 67% of the input energy goes to converting the water to steam and cannot be recovered as electrical output.
- Approximately another 40 BTUs (about 3% of the total) are also un- recoverably lost in each cycle.
- the condensers downstream of turbines will operate at a vacuum, so that the steam will not reconvert to water at the normal 212°F (100°C) boiling point, but at a temperature of 140°F (60°C).
- Patent 3,575,002 by Vuia was for a design that routed the saturated steam from a standard nuclear power plant through the superheater section of a fossil fuel furnace in a conventional power plant. While a feasible solution, a majority of the energy input to the system is from coal, as this is a full scale fossil fuel power plant with a slightly larger superheater section in the furnace.
- This design by Vuia proposes a design with two independent power plants in which the nuclear is assisted by the coal plant. In contrast this invention proposes a single integrated hybrid power plant that uses the energy from the coal only to add superheat to the steam, decreasing the amount of coal used to generate the same amount of energy.
- the present invention takes the saturated steam output from a nuclear power plant and passes it through a modified coal-fired plant boiler, and then the superheated steam output of the coal plant is sent to the turbines where the energy is extracted and converted to electricity.
- the nuclear power plant would be only minimally changed from existing designs, the only design revision would be to increase the size of the steam generators by about 15% relative to the size of the reactor core, as the feed water would be preheated to about 450°F prior to entering the steam generator, so that the heat from the reactor would be used nearly exclusively in converting the water to steam rather than both heating the water and converting it to steam.
- a biomass -fueled power plant takes the place of the nuclear power plant to provide steam to the modified coal-fired plant.
- a pulverized coal design is described here to show utility of this invention.
- the coal-fired unit would be more significantly modified, as the steam boiler section (the middle temperature section of the current design) would be eliminated.
- the superheat tube section of the unit would be greatly expanded to accept the saturated steam from the reactor and raise its temperature greatly before sending the superheated steam off to the turbines.
- the tubes passing through effluent gasses above 800°F would be used to superheat the reactor-produced steam, while the tubes in the area where effluent gasses are below 800°F would be used to pre-heat feedwater.
- the maximum temperature in the firebox is about 2000°F
- about 75% of the heat would go to superheating the 575°F saturated steam to 1200°F superheated steam, while the remaining 25% would go towards preheating the feedwater prior to entry into the reactor. This would result in a coal-fired plant at one-half of its original size and one-fourth of its original carbon dioxide emissions for the same electrical output.
- Nuclear power plants have historically been built with multiple units at single sites. Of the 63 active sites of nuclear power stations in the United States, 37 have or had either two or three reactors while only 26 were built as single reactor sites. In Canada, there are two sites with four active reactors (each planned for eight) along with one site with two reactors and a single isolated site with one power plant. Most plants are built in close proximity a lake or river to provide a cooling source for the condensers. There would also need to be rail access to provide an economical means of providing the supply of coal for the fossil fueled portion of the plant.
- Fig. Ia is a schematic diagram showing the feedwater and steam temperatures of an exemplary standalone nuclear reactor
- Fig. Ib is a schematic diagram of a hybrid power plant of the present invention wherein the reactor of Fig. Ia has been combined with a coal- fired plant.
- Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of the principal elements of an exemplary standalone nuclear power plant
- Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the principal elements of an exemplary standalone coal-fired power plant
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram corresponding to Figs. 2, wherein the power plants have been modified and interconnected to form a hybrid power plant of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a chart of the energy content of the steam for the power plant described in this work. The enthalpy values are shown for 400 psi; energy content is increased further with the use of higher pressure systems. This figure shows the additional usable energy that can be extracted from the steam using the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a table of statistics comparing annual power output, annual costs and annual emissions of two standalone nuclear reactors and a standalone coal-fired plant versus a hybrid power plant of the present invention wherein the two nuclear plants have been interconnected to the coal-fired plant according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary standalone pressurized water nuclear reactor.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram corresponding to Fig. 6 in which the pressurized water reactor has been interconnected to a coal-fired plant in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a chart that compares the three economic examples presented in this application and shows a surprising consistency in the efficiency improvements inherent in the present invention.
- Example 1 Schematic of the Hybrid Power Plant
- a standalone pressurized water nuclear reactor (Figs. Ia and 2a) is interconnected with a standalone coal-fired power plant with the boiling section replaced by an extended superheater (Fig. 2b), forming the hybrid power plant depicted in Fig. Ib and Fig. 3.
- the Wolf Creek Nuclear Generating Station used is an 1190 MW power plant in
- the design is a Westinghouse 4 loop pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant.
- a moisture separator/reheater and seven closed feedwater heaters are used in the secondary steam system to increase efficiency.
- the plant operates as a saturated steam
- the reactor is used to heat the primary coolant, which in turn is used to heat the secondary coolant, causing it to boil. Circulation in each primary coolant loop is provided by a reactor coolant pump.
- the saturated steam produced in the steam generator units is delivered via piping to an intermediate-pressure turbine, where some work is produced. After exiting the intermediate-pressure turbine, the steam passes through a moisture separator to dry the steam to prevent turbine damage. The steam is then passed through a low-pressure turbine, where the remainder of the available energy is extracted.
- a condenser at the outlet of the low-pressure turbine condenses the steam (now called feedwater) so that it can be pumped back to the steam generator using condensate pumps and feed pumps.
- This condensed steam is passed through seven closed feedwater heaters (CFWH) en route to the steam generator: four between the condensate pumps and feed pumps and three between the feed pumps and the steam generator.
- CFWHs are heat exchangers that use steam extracted from different stages of the turbines to preheat the feedwater before it returns to the steam generator. This redirects some of the energy back to the steam generator rather than rejecting it in the condenser, thereby increasing efficiency.
- the CFWHs before the feed pumps drain to the condenser, while those after the feed pumps drain to a common tank, from which they are returned to the system at the inlet of the feed pumps using a separate drain pump.
- the hybrid facility delivers an efficiency increase to thirty-six percent, an increase of approximately 3% for biomass and 6% for nuclear plants alone.
- the increase in efficiency is directly related to the higher steam temperature delivered by the coal-fired superheater, increasing the Carnot (or maximum) efficiency that the system can obtain.
- By using coal to add superheat to the steam a majority of the energy from the coal is converted to electricity.
- the decreased amount of energy that needs to be added from the reactor system would decrease the cost of the nuclear facility.
- the invention also includes a hybrid power plant where a pressurized water reactor is combined with a pebble bed reactor.
- the steam from the pressurized water reactor is used as a preheated source of steam for the pebble bed reactor to realize increased efficiencies.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0907973A BRPI0907973A2 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-03-02 | hybrid power plant |
EP09758812.3A EP2265802A4 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-03-02 | Hybrid power plant |
CN200980113857.1A CN102105656B (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-03-02 | Hybrid power plant |
MX2010009587A MX2010009587A (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-03-02 | Hybrid power plant. |
CA2717798A CA2717798A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-03-02 | Hybrid power plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3223308P | 2008-02-28 | 2008-02-28 | |
US61/032,233 | 2008-02-28 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009148649A1 true WO2009148649A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
WO2009148649A9 WO2009148649A9 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
Family
ID=41398418
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/035630 WO2009148649A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 | 2009-03-02 | Hybrid power plant |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2265802A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102105656B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0907973A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2717798A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2010009587A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009148649A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2499725A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-09-19 | Eif NTE Hybrid Intellectual Property Holding Company, LLC | Hybrid biomass process with reheat cycle |
CN103016081A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-03 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Mixed power generation system for biomass gasification and fossil energy |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108868918B (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2019-10-25 | 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 | Nuclear energy couples efficient power generation system and method with non-core fuel tape reheating double-strand |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5267288A (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-11-30 | Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. | Power station installation |
US6105369A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-08-22 | Abb Alstom Power Inc. | Hybrid dual cycle vapor generation |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2637165A1 (en) * | 1976-08-18 | 1978-02-23 | Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau Gmbh | Gas-cooled nuclear reactor - with reinforced double-walled gas ducts between reactor pressure vessel and boiler pressure vessel |
US5535687A (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-07-16 | Raytheon Engineers & Constructors | Circulating fluidized bed repowering to reduce Sox and Nox emissions from industrial and utility boilers |
ITMI20022725A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-06-21 | Sist Ecodeco S P A | METHOD AND PLANT FOR THE USE OF WASTE IN ONE |
JP3611327B1 (en) * | 2003-07-04 | 2005-01-19 | 勝重 山田 | Thermal power plant with reheat / regenerative ranking cycle |
US6948315B2 (en) * | 2004-02-09 | 2005-09-27 | Timothy Michael Kirby | Method and apparatus for a waste heat recycling thermal power plant |
GB0522591D0 (en) * | 2005-11-04 | 2005-12-14 | Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd | Process and plant for power generation |
-
2009
- 2009-03-02 CN CN200980113857.1A patent/CN102105656B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-02 EP EP09758812.3A patent/EP2265802A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-02 BR BRPI0907973A patent/BRPI0907973A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-02 CA CA2717798A patent/CA2717798A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-03-02 MX MX2010009587A patent/MX2010009587A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-03-02 WO PCT/US2009/035630 patent/WO2009148649A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5267288A (en) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-11-30 | Asea Brown Boveri Ltd. | Power station installation |
US6105369A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-08-22 | Abb Alstom Power Inc. | Hybrid dual cycle vapor generation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2265802A4 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2499725A1 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2012-09-19 | Eif NTE Hybrid Intellectual Property Holding Company, LLC | Hybrid biomass process with reheat cycle |
EP2499725A4 (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2014-04-02 | Eif Nte Hybrid Intellectual Property Holding Company Llc | Hybrid biomass process with reheat cycle |
CN103016081A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-03 | 华北电力大学(保定) | Mixed power generation system for biomass gasification and fossil energy |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2265802A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
CN102105656A (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CA2717798A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
MX2010009587A (en) | 2010-11-26 |
BRPI0907973A2 (en) | 2019-08-27 |
CN102105656B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
WO2009148649A9 (en) | 2010-03-25 |
EP2265802A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
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