WO2009147035A1

WO2009147035A1 - Friction lining made of a composite material

Info

Publication number: WO2009147035A1
Application number: PCT/EP2009/056404
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ulrich Stolz; Matthias Leonhardt; Marco Baccalaro; Rolf Speicher
Original assignee: Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date: 2008-06-06
Filing date: 2009-05-27
Publication date: 2009-12-10
Also published as: DE102008002279A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a friction lining for use in particular as a brake or clutch lining in motor vehicles, and a method for producing such a friction lining according to the class of the independent claims. What is proposed is a friction lining (200) made of a composite material having a net-like base structure (210a) and a filler material (210b) contained in the base structure (210a). In the process, the base structure (210a) contains a ceramic and/or a copper-free metal alloy and/or a mixture of a metal with a ceramic.

Description

description

title

Friction lining made of a composite material

State of the art

The invention relates to a friction lining, which can be used in particular as a brake or clutch lining in motor vehicles, as well as a method for producing such a friction lining according to the preamble of the independent claims.

High coefficients of friction with the least possible wear are required in the case of tool devices for material removal, for example in the case of grinding devices. Other examples include clutches or brakes that utilize the frictional force to transmit torque or to accelerate or decelerate component motion. For a required

Frictional and wear behavior of components are matched functional pads are used. Conventional coverings are made up of a large number of material components, with each material component contributing proportionally to the fulfillment of certain requirements on the covering properties.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a typical structure of a brake pad 100, as it is commonly used as a friction lining in motor vehicle brakes. Typical is the layered structure of the brake pad, the individual layers usually take over certain functions. The surface contact of the brake lining 100, for example, to a brake disc, via a covering material 10, which is present as an outer layer. This layer mainly meets the requirement of high coefficients of friction. Below is an insulating layer 20a arranged, which reduces the formation of brake noise in the first place. The connection of the covering material 10 and the insulating layer 20a with a metal plate 40 via a connecting layer 30. The metal plate 40 is connected as a support member of the brake pad 100, if necessary via a further insulation layer 20b with a parent brake unit, not shown. As a rule, a multiplicity of material components are used in the layers of the brake pad 100 which, for example, optimize the thermal conductivity, the strength, the wear behavior and the temperature resistance of the brake pad. Some heavy metals such as copper or bronze or toxic materials such as antimony trisulfide (Sb ₂ S ₃ ) or potassium titanate (K ₂ Ti ₈ Oi ₇ ) are also used. to

Reinforcement of the mechanical stability of the friction lining, especially with regard to occurring shear forces, are still smallest glass, metal, ceramic, aramid or cellulose fibers used.

The large number of these material components influences each other and determines in their interaction and interaction the tribological properties of the friction lining. A disadvantage is the layered structure of the friction lining, because there is no homogeneous structure structure across the cross section. Thus, a systematic and targeted adaptation of the friction lining to different conditions of use, such as different temperature and pressure conditions, only limited possible. In addition, the sum of the property fluctuations of the individual material components, for example in a brake lining, manifests itself in a wide range of the ultimately resulting brake properties of the friction lining. This can lead to a quality problem regarding the intended usability of the brakes.

From JP 09059596 a brake pad is known which deviates from the usual layered lining structure. As the starting body of the brake pad listed there, a metal foam is primarily used from a pure metal, such as copper, iron, aluminum or zinc. This forms a homogeneous skeletal reinforcement framework within the brake pad. The pores of the metal foam are then filled with various material components, for example with materials that adjust the coefficient of friction of the brake lining. These are in the form of slip. By a subsequent heat and pressure treatment, the completion of the brake pad takes place. For cohesive connection to a carrier component, which in turn serves the anchoring to a parent brake unit, a connection layer is still necessary. The metal foam used exclusively takes on the task of a reinforcing structure for the brake lining, whereas the wear protection and sufficiently high coefficients of friction are determined exclusively by the material composition of the filling structure. Heavy metals such as copper are used in the filling structure as well as for the metal foaming. The mechanical strength of the brake lining is limited by the relatively low strength values of the pure metals intended for the metal foam. In addition, the very soft metal foam at the contact surface of the brake pad does not provide much wear protection.

Disclosure of the invention

Object of the present invention is to propose a friction lining, which is very simple in its construction and allows the setting of optimum coating properties. Furthermore, the object is to propose a manufacturing method for such a friction lining.

This object is achieved by a friction lining and a method for producing the same with the characterizing features of the independent claims.

The invention is based on the idea that in a friction lining by using a reduced number of material components, the complexity of the physical interactions and interactions within the coating composition is reduced in an advantageous manner. Accordingly, and in particular when the friction lining additionally has at least approximately a homogeneous structure, the covering properties can be influenced in a targeted and systematic manner.

Therefore, an inventive friction lining of a composite material with at least one net-like basic spatial structure and a filler material contained therein is proposed. Due to the existing homogeneity in the lining structure, the material properties of the individual material components contained in the friction lining have an effect on the entire friction lining. It is particularly favorable to provide material components which already collectively combine the required covering properties in the form of their material properties. Advantageously, this results in a friction covering, which has only a few material components. Correspondingly reduced is the interaction of the contained material components with each other.

The covering properties of the friction lining according to the invention accordingly result approximately from the sum of the material properties of the individual parts contained

Material components. Advantageously, coating properties can be adjusted systematically and specifically. Certain coating properties such as, for example, high coefficient of friction, favorable thermal conductivity, high strength values, good temperature resistance and optimum insulation behavior can be achieved optionally on the basis of the material properties of the material components provided in the netlike spatial basic structure and / or in the filler material.

Conveniently, this results in a wide variety of possible variations of a composite material for the friction lining according to the invention. Accordingly, the friction lining according to the invention can advantageously be designed flexibly for the respective application.

The reduced number of material components in conjunction with the homogeneous structure structure of the friction lining allows the advantage of reproducible coating properties within a series production. Thus, high quality requirements can be met by the friction lining and its error-free operation can be secured.

Further advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Thus, advantageously, a connecting layer between the friction lining and a carrier component provided for connection to, for example, a higher-level brake or clutch unit can be dispensed with. In this case, the same material as for example for the carrier component can be selected for the net-like spatial basic structure and / or as a material component of the filling material of the friction lining. It is also conceivable to use materials which provide a cohesive connection of the friction lining to the carrier component, for example by soldering, welding or sintering. tern, enable. The elimination of any bonding layer simplifies the production process of the friction lining, for example as a brake lining.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the friction lining according to the invention additionally has such intrinsic shadows which satisfy the requirements of a carrier component. To achieve this, for example, alloys are selected for the net-like spatial basic structure of the friction lining, which have high strength values, such as iron alloys. As a result, the friction lining already has a high mechanical stability, in particular with respect to shear forces, so that a direct connection can be made, for example, to a superordinated brake or clutch unit. Accordingly, it is possible to dispense with the use of a carrier component as a separate component.

Another embodiment provides that the support member is formed in structural unit with the friction lining. It is advantageous if the carrier component in this case is made of the filling material, which is also included in the basic structure. In this way, when filling the basic structure with the filling material, it is also possible to simultaneously form the carrier component in physical contact with the basic structure. The connection of the carrier component to the friction lining is particularly ensured if the filling material for the basic structure and for the carrier component in a

Manufacturing step is shed.

An alternative embodiment provides that a carrier component in contact with the friction lining is made of a carrier material. The carrier material may have a different material composition than that in the network-like spatial

Basic structure contained filler. Materials are particularly favorable as a carrier material, at least in the contact area with the friction lining according to the invention form a material connection with this; in particular with the netlike spatial basic structure and / or the filling material contained therein. In addition, materials are suitable as a carrier material, which have a required for a support member strength, in particular against shear forces. Preferred carrier materials are polymers, preferably from the group of thermosets, such as phenolic resins or polyester resins. Advantageously, the friction lining according to the invention may have insulation properties which are taken over by a separate insulation layer in a lining structure designed in a known form. Thus, it is possible to provide the composite material of the friction lining specifically with a desired compressibility. The compressibility can be, for example, the formation of the net-like spatial

Set basic structure. Above all, the insulation properties can be positively influenced by the selected material, the porosity, the pore size and the web thickness of the basic structure. In addition, appropriate insulation-optimizing materials can be provided as part of the filler. In particular, polymers, in particular elastomers, show good insulation properties. The homogeneous

Coating structure supports a stable and evenly distributed insulation effect within the proposed friction lining.

As a result of the reduction of the number of material components, this also results in an increase in space, which is advantageously available to the friction lining parent system unit for other functions.

Advantageously, according to the invention results in a friction lining, in its manufacture can be drawn on heavy metals such as copper and other harmful materials. At the same time, all required lining properties, such as high coefficient of friction, favorable thermal conductivity, high strength values, good temperature resistance and optimum insulation behavior due to the structure of the friction lining and the material components processed therein are covered. In addition, the friction lining according to the invention allows a manufacturing process simplified compared to the prior art for producing the same. Characteristic is the small number of process steps, which are based on cost-effective technologies. Thus, for example, the introduction of the filling material into the reticular spatial basic structure by methods used in plastics technology, such as extrusion, injection molding, transfer molding, dipping processes, use of casting resins, powder injection molding (PIM), etc. take place. drawing

An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. It shows:

1 shows schematically a friction lining according to the prior art with layered lining structure in a longitudinal section,

2 a friction lining in longitudinal section before and after filling with a filling material according to a first exemplary embodiment of the invention,

3a shows a tool with an inserted base body with a basic structure before filling with a filling material in longitudinal section,

3b shows a friction lining produced according to FIG. 3a in longitudinal section, FIG.

Fig. 4a shows a tool with an inserted containing a filling material

Basic structure before filling with a polymer in longitudinal section,

Fig. 4b a produced according to FIG. 4a friction lining in longitudinal section.

Description of the embodiments

In Fig. 2, an embodiment of a friction lining 200 according to the invention is shown, as it can be used in particular in cooperation with a brake pad in a brake unit or with a clutch disc of a clutch unit in motor vehicles.

210a denotes a netlike spatial basic structure. The basic structure

210a corresponds in nature to a solid, which is traversed by spatially largely interconnected cavities. Accordingly, these cavities are complementarily surrounded by a solid matter. This web-like basic structure 210a made of solid matter can be both continuously connected. leads to being as well as having local, unrelated structural areas. The cavities of the basic structure 210a are preferably infiltrated with a filling material 210b. For this purpose, an open-pored embodiment of the basic structure 210a is advantageous. Via a connecting layer 30, the basic structure 210a and the filling material 210b contained therein are connected, for example, to a carrier component 40. The support member 40 ensures the connection of the friction lining 200 to a higher-level functional unit, for example, to a brake or clutch unit, not shown.

The basic structure 210a facilitates infiltration with a filling material 210b by the highest possible degree of permeability. Therefore, a porosity of the basic structure of 50-95 vol.% Is proposed.

Various embodiments of a basic structure 210a are conceivable. A first embodiment provides fibers which are arranged statistically spatially relative to one another. The use of exclusively similar fibers is conceivable or the use of at least two, in material, length or fiber thickness of different fibers. Thus, by using different fibers, different functions of the basic structure 210a can be realized, e.g. by using metallic fibers a pronounced thermal conductivity and / or by using ceramic fibers high strength of the friction lining 200. It is advantageous if the fibers are long fibers and pattern-like intertwined, for example in the form of a fabric or a fabric. It is also conceivable to orient the fibers in a preferred direction in the form of a unidirectional layer in order to be able to receive the forces occurring in friction lining 200 in the application in a direction-optimized manner.

According to another possible embodiment, the net-like spatial basic structure 210a is designed as a sintered body. This has a higher mechanical strength, since the powder particles used form materially interconnected contact points during a sintering process. The use of exclusively identical powder particles is conceivable or, alternatively, the use of at least two powder particles differing with regard to the material, their proportion or their particle size. Thus, by using different powder Particles different functions of the basic structure 210a can be realized, for example, by using metallic powder particles a pronounced thermal conductivity and / or by using ceramic powder particles high wear resistance of the friction lining 200th

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the basic structure 210a, this is designed as a foam body. The production takes place by physical, chemical or mechanical foaming, in particular by means of negative deformation of polymer foams by metal and / or ceramic slip. The foam body shows very good mechanical strength values due to the formation of a homogeneous and materially continuous network structure. In this case, it is conceivable to use a foam structure consisting exclusively of one material, or to use at least two foam structures which differ in terms of their material or their volume fraction. The at least two foam structures are statistically spatially formed relative to one another and together form a network-like overall structure as a basic structure 210a. Thus, by using different foam structures, different functions of the basic structure 210a can be realized, e.g. By using a first metallic foam structure of a high-strength metal alloy, a support structure for the friction lining 200 with a high mechanical stability and by using a second, then by a preoxidation then oxides having metallic foam structure high friction values.

Furthermore, embodiments of a basic structure 210a are conceivable that provide a combination of spatially arranged fibers and / or a sintered body and / or a foam body. As a rule, such a combination requires increased production costs.

For the basic structure 210a different materials are considered. Ceramics and / or copper-free metal alloys and / or mixtures of a metal with a ceramic are suitable. In a completely or proportionately metallic basic structure 210a, it proves to be favorable for Al, Fe, Ni and / or their alloys. The material components for the basic structure 210a contribute, in particular, to a carrier structure with high rigidity within the friction lining 200 according to the invention. in particular against shearing forces, to provide optimized insulation properties and high thermal conductivity and to achieve high coefficients of friction. High coefficients of friction can be realized, for example, if the metallic components have oxides that are formed by pre-oxidation of the metallic material components on their surface.

Alternatively, the basic structure 210a can additionally be provided with a coating in order to favorably influence the coefficients of friction of the friction lining 200 or other lining properties. The coating is preferably applied by chemical or electrochemical coating methods.

In the basic structure 210a, for example, a filling material 210b is infiltrated, which largely or completely fills the cavities within the open-pored basic structure 210a. For the filling material 210b different materials come into consideration. Thus, at least one polymer, as well as at least one ceramic and / or at least one metal is suitable as filling material 210b. In this case, the at least one polymer connects the other material components contained in the filling material 210b to one another. The polymeric content in the filler 210b advantageously varies in the range of 5-80% by weight. Expediently, polymers from the group of thermoplastics are proposed, for example polyamides. Furthermore, polymers from the group of thermosets are proposed, for example phenolic resins or polyester resins. Furthermore, polymers from the group of elastomers are suitable. The polymeric fraction in the filling material 210b contributes in particular to achieving a high temperature resistance, a stabilization of the strength and optimum insulation properties within the friction lining 200.

The ceramic content in the filling material 210b may be between 0 and 50% by weight. Ceramic particles, in particular spherical ceramic particles, and / or ceramic fibers can serve as starting material for a ceramic-containing filling material 210b. Oxides have proven particularly advantageous, for example Al ₂ O ₃ , ZrO ₂ ,

SiO ₂ , MgO, SnO ₂ or TiO ₂ . Similarly suitable are nitrides or carbides, such as SiC. The ceramic fraction in the filling material 21Ob contributes in particular to ensuring high coefficients of friction and a good material hardness of the friction lining 200. In addition, the ceramic content in the filling material 210b increases the temperature resistance of the friction lining 200.

The metallic content of the filler 210b may be between 0-50% by weight. Metal powders may advantageously serve as the starting material for a metal-containing filling material 210b. Iron has proved to be particularly advantageous. Alternatively, the use of Si, Al, Zn, Ni or Mg is possible. The metallic content in the filling material 210b supports, for example, with a high thermal conductivity

Dissipating the frictional heat of a friction lining 200 in use.

Furthermore, lubricants may be added proportionally to the filling material 210b. The at least one lubricant contained in the filling material 210b can be used to set a suitable friction coefficient of the friction lining 200. For example, metal sulfides are suitable for this purpose, for example MoS ₂ , Sb ₂ S ₃ , Sb ₂ S ₅ or ZnS, preferably MoS ₂ . Alternatively, graphite can be used as the lubricant.

Advantageously, the composition of the composite material according to the invention is chosen so that required coating properties such as a high coefficient of friction, a favorable thermal conductivity, high strength values, a good temperature resistance and an optimal insulation behavior are provided exclusively by the material properties of the basic structure 210a or the filling material 210b. Thus, the number of total material components used in the friction lining 200 is favorably reduced to a minimum. Thus, for example, in an embodiment of the basic structure 210a as a ceramic foam, a ceramic component in the filling material 210b can be dispensed with. Furthermore, in an embodiment of the basic structure 210a as metal foam, a metallic portion in the filling material 210b is not required. If the metal foam additionally has an oxidic component as a result of pre-oxidation, the ceramic component in the filling material 210b can likewise be omitted.

The basic structure 210a infiltrated with the filling material 210b preferably has a residual porosity <= 30% by volume and essentially forms the composite material of the friction lining 200 on which the invention is based. In a further embodiment of the friction lining 200, an alloy with high strength values is selected as the material for the basic structure 210a, for example an iron alloy. Such a proposed friction lining 200 has a high shear strength. Therefore, the friction lining 200 can advantageously be connected directly to, for example, a superordinate brake unit without an additionally separately arranged carrier component 40.

Below, by way of example, compositions of friction linings 200 within the meaning of the invention are listed.

example 1

As the basic structure 210a, a 316L steel foam with a proportion of 1-30% by weight, based on the friction lining 200 to be produced, is provided. The steel foam primarily fulfills the function of a carrier structure with a high shear strength. In addition, friction heat generated by the good thermal conductivity can be dissipated effectively. In addition, the steel foam shows due to the self-adjusting compressibility a favorable insulation behavior, which reduces the noise during friction activities in an advantageous manner. On the steel foam is one-sided

Support member 40 soldered from steel. Accordingly, a usual connection layer 30 can be omitted.

As filling material 210b, a mixture of several material components is provided. Here, as a first material component, for example, Al ₂ O ₃ with <= 50

% By weight, based on the friction lining 200 to be produced. Al ₂ O ₃ forms the ceramic portion of the filling material 210b. In particular, high coefficients of friction in the friction lining 200 are achieved by the ceramic component. Alternatively, SiO ₂ , SiC, TiO ₂ , ZrO ₂ or mixtures of these oxides may optionally be present with the addition of Al ₂ O ₃ . As a further material component, carbon dioxide with <= 30% by weight, based on the friction lining 200 to be produced, is added to the filling material 210b in order to achieve lubricating properties. Alternatively or additionally, admixing of MoS ₂ , Sb ₂ S ₃ , Sb ₂ S ₅ or ZnS is conceivable. For connecting the material components contained in the filling material 210b phenolic resin is used in a proportion of 5-50 wt.% Based on added to be produced friction lining 200. The phenolic resin ensures high temperature resistance and high strength. To achieve favorable insulation properties, if necessary, an additional polymer, for example elastomers, with a proportion of <= 30% by weight can be added. The filling of the basic structure 210a with the filling material 210b takes place up to a residual porosity of the composite of <= 30 vol.%.

Example 2:

The proposed friction lining 200 according to a second embodiment essentially corresponds to the embodiment in Example 1. Deviating from this, Fe and Cr oxides are generated in situ in the steel foam by a preoxidation. Due to the preoxidized steel foam, high coefficients of friction of the friction lining 200 can be achieved. For this reason, the ceramic content in the filling material 210b can be omitted.

Example 3:

As the basic structure 210 a, an Al ₂ O ₃ foam with a proportion of 1-30% by weight, based on the friction lining 200 to be produced, is provided. The Al ₂ O ₃ foam primarily fulfills the function of a carrier structure with a sufficiently high shear strength. In addition, very good insulation properties are achieved. Alternatively, foams of SiC, SiSiC or ZrO _{2 are} similarly suitable.

As filling material 210b, a mixture of several material components is proposed. As a first material component iron is used with <= 50 wt.% Based on the friction lining 200 to be produced. The iron forms a metallic portion of the filling material 210b and supports with a high thermal conductivity the dissipation of the frictional heat of an in-use friction lining 200. Conceivable is alternatively or additionally an admixture of Si, Al, Zn, Ni or Mg.

To achieve sufficient lubricating properties, carbon dioxide with a proportion of <= 30% by weight, based on the friction lining 200 to be produced, is added to the filling material 210b. Alternatively or additionally, admixing of MoS ₂ , Sb ₂ S ₃ , Sb ₂ S ₅ or ZnS is conceivable. For connecting the workpieces contained in the filling material 210b Fabric components phenol resin is added in a proportion of 5-50 wt.% Based on the friction lining 200 to be produced. The phenolic resin ensures high temperature resistance of the friction lining 200 to be produced. Likewise, high strength is achieved. To achieve favorable insulation properties, an additional polymer, such as, for example, an elastomer, may optionally be present with a content of <= 30

% By weight. The filling of the basic structure 210a with the filling material 210b takes place up to a residual porosity of the composite of <= 30 vol.%. Furthermore, a support member 40 made of steel is provided, which is connected via an adhesive bond directly to the Al ₂ O ₃ foam and the filling material 210 b.

A general method for producing a friction lining 200 according to the invention provides for a first method step, in which a base body with a net-like spatial basic structure 210a is manufactured.

In a second method step, a filling material 210b is produced. Powder mixtures have proven to be particularly favorable as starting materials for a filling material 210b.

In a third method step, the basic structure 210a is filled with the filling material 210b up to a residual porosity of <= 30% by volume of the resulting composite material. The filling of the basic structure 210a takes place, for example, by means of a dipping process or by casting with a casting resin. This requires a low viscosity of the filling material 210b, such as when using phenolic resins. On the other hand, if further materials are added, which in particular also cause an increase in the viscosity of the filling material 210b, the filling of the basic structure 210a is also possible with pressure support. Manufacturing processes such as extrusion, injection molding, powder injection molding (PIM) and transfer molding are suitable for this. The filling takes place within a corresponding tool 80, in which previously an open-pore base body with a net-like spatial basic structure 210a is inserted and this base body thereby completing the interior of the tool complementary in shape substantially. The filling of the basic structure 210a with the filling material 210b can also be effected in such a way that over the cross section of the basic structure 210a a materially changed composition of the filling material 210b is provided. For example, by using a two- component injection molding machine, the mixing ratio of two components of the filling material 210b varies over time or a second filling material 210b 'different from the first filling material 210b can be used. By local variation of the filling material 210b via the basic structure 210a, further optimizations of the friction lining 200 with respect to its covering properties are possible. For example, a friction-optimized filling material 210b, for example with a high proportion of ceramic, may be provided in the outer area of the basic structure 210a, and a filling material 210b in the area below to achieve optimum insulating properties, for example by adding a high proportion of polymer.

In a preferred manufacturing method, a carrier component 40 is formed in conjunction with the friction lining 200. A production variant provides for the carrier component 40 to be formed on the friction lining 200 after the filling of the basic structure 210a with the filling material 210b. This can be done, for example, according to FIG. 3 a. In this case, a main body with a net-like spatial basic structure 210 a is inserted into a corresponding tool 80. After inserting, at least one substance-free tool area 85 adjoining the main body remains. In this area of the tool 80, the support member 40 is to be formed. When filling the tool 80 with the filling material 210b, a friction lining 200 according to FIG. 3b is produced. This proposed friction lining 200 has a base structure 210a infiltrated with the filling material 210b. In addition, adjacent thereto in the composite, a carrier component 40 is formed from the filling material 210b.

Fig. 4a shows an alternative to Fig. 3a manufacturing variant. In this case, the filling of the tool 80 with the filling material 210b takes place such that only the basic structure 210a is filled with the filling material 210b. The remaining adjacent and at this time fabric-empty tool area 85 is filled with a carrier material 220, preferably with a polymer. This results in a friction lining 200 according to FIG. 4b. In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 3b, the carrier component 40 of the proposed friction lining 200 is formed from a carrier material 220 as a material.

In general, the friction lining 200 can advantageously be reinforced with a formed carrier component 40 with, in particular laterally, arranged steel reinforcements 50 for increasing the shear and compressive strength. After filling the base structure 21Oa with the filling material 21Ob, a curing process of the filling material 210b and / or of the carrier material 220 follows. This is usually done in an oven under the influence of temperature.

Claims

claims

1. friction lining of a brake or clutch unit comprising a composite material with a net-like spatial basic structure (210a) and in the Grundstruk- (210a) contained filling material (210b), characterized in that the basic structure (210a) a ceramic and / or a copper-free metal alloy and / or a mixture of a metal with a ceramic.

2. Friction lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the basic structure (210a) is a foam body, a sintered body or a body of spatially arranged fibers.

3. Friction lining according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the metallic portion of the basic structure (210a) contains Al, Fe, Ni and / or their alloys.

4. Friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the ceramic portion of the basic structure (210a) Al ₂ O _3, Cr ₂ O ₃ , SiO _2, SiC, SiSiC and / or ZrO ₂ contains.

5. Friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the filling material (210b) contains a polymer, as well as a ceramic and / or a metal.

6. friction lining according to claim 5, characterized in that the at least one polymer is a polyamide, a phenolic resin or a polyester resin.

7. friction lining according to one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the at least one polymer as binder binds together the materials contained in the filling material (210b).

8. Friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the filling material (210b) contains an oxide, a nitride and / or a carbide.

9. friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the filling material (210b) contains a lubricant.

10. Friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the composite material has a residual porosity of <= 30 vol.%.

11. Friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a carrier component (40) is provided for connecting the friction lining to a higher-level functional unit.

12. Friction lining according to claim 11, characterized in that the carrier component (40) via a connecting layer (30) is connected to the composite material.

13. Friction lining according to claim 11, characterized in that the carrier component (40) is connected by soldering or sintering with the composite material.

14. Friction lining according to claim 11, characterized in that the carrier component (40) is spatially arranged in conjunction with the friction lining and contains the basic structure (210a), the filling material (210b) and / or a polymer.

15. A method for producing a friction lining made of a composite material

Claims 1 to 14, with the method steps: a.) Production of an open-pore base body with a net-like spatial basic structure (210a) b.) Production of a filling material (210b) c.) Filling of the basic structure (210a) with the filling material (210b)

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that the method step a.) By means of foaming, sintering or spatial arrangement of long fibers as a fabric, as scrim or as unidirectional layers takes place.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the foaming takes place by means of negative deformation of polymer foams by metal and / or Keramikschlicker.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the basic structure (210a) is provided with a coating.

19. Friction lining according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that for the ceramic portion of the filling material (210b) spherical ceramic particles and / or fibers are used.

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that in the base body (210a) before the process step c.) Preoxidation of metallic structural components takes place.

21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that the method step c.) By means of extrusion, injection molding, PIM, transfer molding, casting of casting resins or by means of dip processes takes place.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the filling of the base structure (210a) with a over the cross section of the base structure (210a) changing material composition of the filling material (210b) takes place.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22, characterized in that the method step c.) A further method step is connected, in which a carrier component (40) from the filling material (210b) or a carrier material (220) is formed on the composite material.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the carrier component (40) is provided with laterally arranged steel reinforcements (50).

25. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that after the process step c.) A curing process for the filling material (210b) and / or the carrier material (220) takes place.

26. Use of a friction lining according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is used within a brake or clutch unit of a motor vehicle.