WO2009146976A1 - Apparatus and method for adjusting the state of charge of vehicle batteries - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for adjusting the state of charge of vehicle batteries Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009146976A1 WO2009146976A1 PCT/EP2009/054739 EP2009054739W WO2009146976A1 WO 2009146976 A1 WO2009146976 A1 WO 2009146976A1 EP 2009054739 W EP2009054739 W EP 2009054739W WO 2009146976 A1 WO2009146976 A1 WO 2009146976A1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for charge state compensation of vehicle batteries according to the preamble of patent claim 1, and to a control device according to the preamble of patent claim 9.
- Known vehicle batteries such as e.g. NiMH batteries, Lilon batteries or DLC energy storage devices (DLC: double-layer capacitors) consist of several series-connected single cells each having a partial voltage of a few volts, e.g. 3.6 V, generate. The number of cells determines the nominal voltage of the battery, which is e.g. 12 V or 42 V, in hybrid vehicles but also up to 500 V.
- DLC double-layer capacitors
- State of charge SOC and the state of health of the individual cells usually vary in height. This affects the performance of the battery, since the cell with the lowest state of charge and the cell with the highest state of charge for the charging and discharging of the battery have a limiting effect. That the battery can not be recharged until the fullest cell is fully charged and will not be discharged until the charge of the weakest cell is exhausted. The deviation of the individual cells from each other usually increases with increasing life or load of the battery. In order to ensure a reliable power supply of an electrical network, it is necessary to monitor the individual cells of the battery and regularly perform a charge equalization.
- Simple embodiments include one or more resistors that discharge the cells to ground. More elaborate circuits are designed so that the cells balance with each other by charging a cell with higher energy Charge state of another cell is supplied with a lower state of charge until a state of charge compensation has taken place.
- the charge balance usually takes place outside of the normal driving operation, since the state of charge of the cells can be easily determined only in this driving condition by measuring the rest voltage. By continuously measuring the states of charge and discharging the more heavily charged single cells, finally, the charge balance is established.
- this method has the disadvantage that it must be carried out in a follow-up phase, outside the regular driving operation. Because of the time required for charge equalization, usually more than 1 hour, it may happen that the process is interrupted by a restart of the vehicle. In addition, by discharging the cells, especially at low temperatures, it may happen that the battery is discharged so far that the threshold for a restart of the vehicle is exceeded.
- An essential aspect of the invention is to determine once the state of charge of individual, preferably all cells at the beginning of the process, and then for at least one of these cells, depending on their state of charge, a charge amount or an equivalent size, such as. a period of time to determine that the cell should be unloaded.
- the state of charge of the cells is preferably determined in a resting phase of the battery by voltage measurement.
- the unloading of the cells takes place according to the invention during the operation of the vehicle and can optionally be carried out in several steps. In this case, operating phases in which the battery is not or only slightly loaded, such. if the vehicle is at a traffic light, particularly suitable. This method thus has the significant advantage that the
- Charge state compensation can be performed during operation of the vehicle. In addition, since the battery is charged regularly during the ferry service, excessive discharge of the battery can be avoided.
- the state of charge of the individual cells is measured at the beginning of a journey, even before the battery is used to drive the vehicle.
- a suitable time is, for example, immediately after the action "ignition ON” or after the activation of the control unit that performs the measurement.
- This control unit can, for example, in a known manner by operation of the radio remote control for the central locking, the operation of a door handle or be activated in any other way.
- the state of charge of the cells is preferably determined in the idle state (cell voltage no longer changes appreciably without charging or discharging) of the battery. At rest, there is a defined relationship between the rest voltage and the state of charge of the cells. Thus, from the rest voltage of the state of charge of the individual cells can be determined relatively accurately.
- those cells which are more heavily charged are preferably discharged to the charge level of those cells with the lowest state of charge. After that, all cells have the same state of charge again.
- the more highly charged cells but also up to a predetermined charge level, z. B. be discharged to an average level of charge.
- the discharge of the individual cells can be carried out in several steps, in particular in operating phases in which the battery is not or only slightly loaded. This has the advantage that the energy supply of the electrical consumers is not affected by the discharge.
- a particularly suitable state is especially at standstill of the vehicle when the vehicle z. B. is in front of a traffic light.
- the state of charge of certain cells can also be increased before or during the discharge, so that the state of charge of the battery does not change or only insignificantly changes as a result of the discharging.
- the performance potential of the battery is thus essentially maintained.
- a charge state compensation device comprises a device which is connected to the individual cells and serves to measure the rest voltage.
- the device further comprises a discharge circuit for discharging the stronger cells to a charge level of the weaker cells.
- the measuring of the quiescent voltage and discharging the cells is controlled by means of a control device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a device for charge state compensation of a vehicle battery. and FIG. 2 shows the essential method steps of a method for charge state compensation.
- Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for charge state equalization of the cells 2a-2n of a vehicle battery 1.
- the vehicle battery 1 comprises a plurality of series-connected cells 2a-2n each having a partial voltage of a few volts, e.g. 3.6 V, deliver.
- the battery 1 in the present example is a hybrid vehicle of a hybrid vehicle, e.g. has more than 100 cells 2a-2n and provides a voltage in the range of several hundred volts.
- the individual cells 2a-2n are connected to a discharge circuit 7 via associated terminals 6a to 6n + 1.
- a control unit 4 is provided, which is connected via the terminals 6a to 6n + 1 with the individual cells 2a-2n.
- the control unit 4 comprises an algorithm 5 which determines the state of charge (SOC) of the individual cells 2a-2n from the cell voltage and also controls the discharging process.
- step 10 For the purpose of charge state equalization of the cells 2a-2n, a method as exemplified in FIG. 2 is performed. Therein, it is first checked in step 10 whether the control unit 4 is active. As soon as the control unit 4 is active, the quiescent voltage of the individual cells 2a-2n is measured in step 1 1, and the state of charge (SOC) is determined therefrom. The voltage measurement is carried out in the starting phase of the vehicle, even before the battery is used to drive the vehicle. From the states of charge (SOC) of the individual cells 2a-2n is calculated which each cell 2a-2n to be discharged until the state of charge corresponds to that of the weakest cell then an amount of charge in step 12 (0 Q). With the help of Ohm's law and knowledge of the discharge resistance, it is also possible to use the cell voltage to optionally calculate a time duration t 0 which must be discharged by each cell 2a-2n (step 12).
- SOC state of charge
- step 13 it is checked whether the discharge period determined for the individual cells has been reached or the corresponding amount of charge has already been reduced. If one of the cells 2a-2n has been discharged to the desired charge level, the discharge process for that cell ends (case J in step 15). The other cells that have not been fully discharged (case N in step 15) will continue to be discharged until complete charge equalization has occurred. The process branches back to step 13 in this case.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for adjusting the state of charge of vehicle batteries (1), in particular lithium ion batteries having a plurality of cells (2a-2n). The state of charge can be adjusted during driving if the state of charge (SOC) of individual cells (2a-2n) is first of all determined, an amount of charge which is intended to be discharged by the cells (2a-2n) or an equivalent variable, for example a time, is then determined for at least two of these cells (2a-2n), and the individual cells (2a-2n) are discharged according to the calculated amount of charge during driving.
Description
Beschreibung description
Titeltitle
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Ladezustandsausqleich von Fahrzeug-BatterienDevice and method for state of charge balance of vehicle batteries
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ladezustandsausgleich von Fahrzeug-Batterien gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 , sowie ein Steuergerät gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 9.The invention relates to a method for charge state compensation of vehicle batteries according to the preamble of patent claim 1, and to a control device according to the preamble of patent claim 9.
Bekannte Fahrzeug-Batterien wie z.B. NiMH-Batterien, Lilonen-Batterien oder DLC- Energiespeicher (DLC: Doppelschichtkondensator), bestehen aus mehreren in Reihe geschalteten Einzelzellen, die jeweils eine Teilspannung von wenigen Volt, z.B. 3.6 V, erzeugen. Die Anzahl der Zellen bestimmt dabei die Nennspannung der Batterie, die z.B. 12 V oder 42 V, bei Hybrid-Fahrzeugen aber auch bis zu 500 V betragen kann.Known vehicle batteries such as e.g. NiMH batteries, Lilon batteries or DLC energy storage devices (DLC: double-layer capacitors) consist of several series-connected single cells each having a partial voltage of a few volts, e.g. 3.6 V, generate. The number of cells determines the nominal voltage of the battery, which is e.g. 12 V or 42 V, in hybrid vehicles but also up to 500 V.
Aufgrund fertigungstechnischer Toleranzen oder thermischer Einflüsse sind derDue to manufacturing tolerances or thermal influences are the
Ladezustand SOC (State of Charge) und die Leistungsfähig SOH (State of Health) der einzelnen Zellen üblicherweise unterschiedlich hoch. Dies beeinträchtigt die Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie, da diejenige Zelle mit dem geringsten Ladezustand und diejenige Zelle mit dem höchsten Ladezustand für das Auf- bzw. Entladen der Batterie limitierend wirken. D.h. die Batterie kann nicht weiter aufgeladen werden, als bis die vollste Zelle voll aufgeladen ist, und nicht weiter entladen werden, als bis die Ladung der schwächsten Zelle verbraucht ist. Die Abweichung der einzelnen Zellen voneinander nimmt in der Regel mit zunehmender Lebensdauer bzw. Belastung der Batterie zu. Um eine zuverlässige Energieversorgung eines elektrischen Netzes zu gewährleisten, ist es notwendig, die einzelnen Zellen der Batterie zu überwachen und regelmäßig einen Ladungsausgleich durchzuführen.State of charge SOC and the state of health of the individual cells usually vary in height. This affects the performance of the battery, since the cell with the lowest state of charge and the cell with the highest state of charge for the charging and discharging of the battery have a limiting effect. That the battery can not be recharged until the fullest cell is fully charged and will not be discharged until the charge of the weakest cell is exhausted. The deviation of the individual cells from each other usually increases with increasing life or load of the battery. In order to ensure a reliable power supply of an electrical network, it is necessary to monitor the individual cells of the battery and regularly perform a charge equalization.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Arten von Ladungsausgleichsschaltungen bekannt. Einfache Ausführungen umfassen einen oder mehrere Widerstände, über die die Zellen nach Masse entladen werden. Aufwändigere Schaltungen sind so ausgelegt, dass sich die Zellen untereinander abgleichen, indem die Ladung einer Zelle mit höherem
Ladezustand einer anderen Zelle mit niedrigerem Ladezustand zugeführt wird, bis ein Ladezustandsausgleich stattgefunden hat.Various types of charge balancing circuits are known in the prior art. Simple embodiments include one or more resistors that discharge the cells to ground. More elaborate circuits are designed so that the cells balance with each other by charging a cell with higher energy Charge state of another cell is supplied with a lower state of charge until a state of charge compensation has taken place.
Der Ladungsausgleich findet üblicherweise außerhalb des normalen Fahrbetriebs statt, da der Ladezustand der Zellen nur in diesem Fahrzustand durch Messung der Ruhespannung einfach ermittelt werden kann. Durch kontinuierliches Messen der Ladezustände und Entladen der stärker geladenen Einzelzellen wird schließlich der Ladungsausgleich hergestellt. Dieses Verfahren hat jedoch den Nachteil, dass es in einer Nachlaufphase, außerhalb des regulären Fahrbetriebs, durchgeführt werden muss. Wegen der für den Ladungsausgleich benötigten Zeitdauer von üblicherweise mehr als 1 Stunde kann es vorkommen, dass der Prozess durch einen erneuten Start des Fahrzeugs unterbrochen wird. Darüber hinaus kann es durch das Entladen der Zellen, insbesondere bei niedrigen Temperaturen, dazu kommen, dass die Batterie so weit entladen wird, dass die Schwelle für einen Neustart des Fahrzeugs unterschritten wird.The charge balance usually takes place outside of the normal driving operation, since the state of charge of the cells can be easily determined only in this driving condition by measuring the rest voltage. By continuously measuring the states of charge and discharging the more heavily charged single cells, finally, the charge balance is established. However, this method has the disadvantage that it must be carried out in a follow-up phase, outside the regular driving operation. Because of the time required for charge equalization, usually more than 1 hour, it may happen that the process is interrupted by a restart of the vehicle. In addition, by discharging the cells, especially at low temperatures, it may happen that the battery is discharged so far that the threshold for a restart of the vehicle is exceeded.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mittels dessen bzw. derer der Ladungsausgleich auch während des normalen Fahrbetriebs durchgeführt werden kann.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a method and a device, by means of which or which the charge equalization can also be carried out during normal driving operation.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung durch die im Patentanspruch 1 sowie im Patentanspruch 9 angegebenen Merkmale. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand von Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in claim 1 and in claim 9. Further embodiments of the invention are the subject of dependent claims.
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, den Ladezustand einzelner, vorzugsweise aller Zellen zu Beginn des Verfahrens einmal zu ermitteln, und dann für wenigstens eine dieser Zellen, in Abhängigkeit von deren Ladezustand eine Ladungsmenge oder eine dazu äquivalente Größe, wie z.B. eine Zeitdauer, zu bestimmen, die die Zelle entladen werden soll. Der Ladezustand der Zellen wird vorzugsweise in einer Ruhephase der Batterie durch Spannungsmessung ermittelt. Das Entladen der Zellen erfolgt erfindungsgemäß während des Betriebs des Fahrzeugs und kann gegebenenfalls in mehreren Schritten ausgeführt werden. Dabei sind Betriebsphasen, in denen die Batterie nicht oder nur gering belastet ist, wie z.B. wenn das Fahrzeug an einer Ampel steht, besonders geeignet. Dieses Verfahren hat somit den wesentlichen Vorteil, dass derAn essential aspect of the invention is to determine once the state of charge of individual, preferably all cells at the beginning of the process, and then for at least one of these cells, depending on their state of charge, a charge amount or an equivalent size, such as. a period of time to determine that the cell should be unloaded. The state of charge of the cells is preferably determined in a resting phase of the battery by voltage measurement. The unloading of the cells takes place according to the invention during the operation of the vehicle and can optionally be carried out in several steps. In this case, operating phases in which the battery is not or only slightly loaded, such. if the vehicle is at a traffic light, particularly suitable. This method thus has the significant advantage that the
Ladezustandsausgleich während des Betriebs des Fahrzeugs durchgeführt werden kann.
Da die Batterie im Fährbetrieb regelmäßig aufgeladen wird, kann außerdem eine zu starke Entladung der Batterie vermieden werden.Charge state compensation can be performed during operation of the vehicle. In addition, since the battery is charged regularly during the ferry service, excessive discharge of the battery can be avoided.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird der Ladezustand der einzelnen Zellen zu Beginn einer Fahrt gemessen, noch bevor die Batterie zum Antrieb des Fahrzeugs genutzt wird. Ein geeigneter Zeitpunkt ist beispielsweise unmittelbar nach der Aktion „Zündung EIN" oder nach der Aktivierung desjenigen Steuergeräts, das die Messung durchführt. Dieses Steuergerät kann z. B. in bekannter Weise durch Bedienung der Funk- Fernbedienung für die Zentralverriegelung, die Betätigung eines Türgriffs oder in sonstiger Weise aktiviert werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the state of charge of the individual cells is measured at the beginning of a journey, even before the battery is used to drive the vehicle. A suitable time is, for example, immediately after the action "ignition ON" or after the activation of the control unit that performs the measurement.This control unit can, for example, in a known manner by operation of the radio remote control for the central locking, the operation of a door handle or be activated in any other way.
Der Ladezustand der Zellen wird vorzugsweise im Ruhezustand (Zellspannung ändert sich ohne Laden oder Entladen nicht mehr merklich) der Batterie bestimmt. Im Ruhezustand besteht ein definierter Zusammenhang zwischen der Ruhespannung und dem Ladezustand der Zellen. Somit kann aus der Ruhespannung der Ladezustand der einzelnen Zellen relativ genau bestimmt werden.The state of charge of the cells is preferably determined in the idle state (cell voltage no longer changes appreciably without charging or discharging) of the battery. At rest, there is a defined relationship between the rest voltage and the state of charge of the cells. Thus, from the rest voltage of the state of charge of the individual cells can be determined relatively accurately.
Beim Entladen werden diejenigen Zellen, die stärker geladen sind, vorzugsweise bis auf das Ladungsniveau derjenigen Zellen mit dem geringsten Ladezustand entladen. Danach haben alle Zellen wieder den gleichen Ladezustand. Wahlweise könnten die stärker aufgeladenen Zellen aber auch bis zu einem vorgegebenen Ladungsniveau, z. B. einem durchschnittlichen Ladungsniveau entladen werden.During discharge, those cells which are more heavily charged are preferably discharged to the charge level of those cells with the lowest state of charge. After that, all cells have the same state of charge again. Optionally, the more highly charged cells but also up to a predetermined charge level, z. B. be discharged to an average level of charge.
Das Entladen der einzelnen Zellen kann in mehreren Schritten durchgeführt werden, insbesondere in Betriebsphasen, in denen die Batterie nicht oder nur gering belastet wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Energieversorgung der elektrischen Verbraucher durch das Entladen nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Ein besonders geeigneter Zustand ist insbesondere im Stillstand des Fahrzeugs, wenn das Fahrzeug z. B. vor einer Ampel steht.The discharge of the individual cells can be carried out in several steps, in particular in operating phases in which the battery is not or only slightly loaded. This has the advantage that the energy supply of the electrical consumers is not affected by the discharge. A particularly suitable state is especially at standstill of the vehicle when the vehicle z. B. is in front of a traffic light.
Gemäß einer speziellen Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Ladezustand bestimmter Zellen vor oder während des Entladens auch erhöht werden, so dass sich der Ladezustand der Batterie durch das Entladen nicht oder nur unwesentlich ändert. Das Leistungspotenzial der Batterie bleibt somit im Wesentlichen erhalten.According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the state of charge of certain cells can also be increased before or during the discharge, so that the state of charge of the battery does not change or only insignificantly changes as a result of the discharging. The performance potential of the battery is thus essentially maintained.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zum Ladezustandsausgleich umfasst eine Einrichtung, die mit den einzelnen Zellen verbunden ist und zur Messung der Ruhespannung dient. Die
Vorrichtung umfasst ferner eine Entladeschaltung zum Entladen der stärkeren Zellen auf ein Ladungsniveau der schwächeren Zellen. Das Messen der Ruhespannung und Entladen der Zellen wird mittels eines Steuergeräts gesteuert.A charge state compensation device according to the invention comprises a device which is connected to the individual cells and serves to measure the rest voltage. The The device further comprises a discharge circuit for discharging the stronger cells to a charge level of the weaker cells. The measuring of the quiescent voltage and discharging the cells is controlled by means of a control device.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Blockdarstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Ladezustandsausgleich einer Fahrzeug-Batterie; und Fig. 2 die wesentlichen Verfahrensschritte eines Verfahrens zum Ladezustandsausgleich.1 is a schematic block diagram of a device for charge state compensation of a vehicle battery. and FIG. 2 shows the essential method steps of a method for charge state compensation.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Fig. 1 zeigt eine Anordnung zum Ladezustandsausgleich der Zellen 2a-2n einer Fahrzeug- Batterie 1. Die Fahrzeug-Batterie 1 umfasst eine Vielzahl von in Serie geschalteten Zellen 2a-2n, die jeweils eine Teilspannung von einigen Volt, z.B. 3.6 V, liefern. Bei der Batterie 1 handelt es sich im vorliegenden Beispiel um eine Lilonen-Batterie eines Hybrid-Fahrzeugs, die z.B. mehr als 100 Zellen 2a-2n aufweist und eine Spannung im Bereich von mehreren hundert Volt bereit stellt.Fig. 1 shows an arrangement for charge state equalization of the cells 2a-2n of a vehicle battery 1. The vehicle battery 1 comprises a plurality of series-connected cells 2a-2n each having a partial voltage of a few volts, e.g. 3.6 V, deliver. The battery 1 in the present example is a hybrid vehicle of a hybrid vehicle, e.g. has more than 100 cells 2a-2n and provides a voltage in the range of several hundred volts.
Die einzelnen Zellen 2a-2n sind über zugehörige Anschlüsse 6a bis 6n+1 mit einer Entladeschaltung 7 verbunden. Außerdem ist ein Steuergerät 4 vorgesehen, welches über die Anschlüsse 6a bis 6n+1 mit den einzelnen Zellen 2a-2n verbunden ist. Das Steuergerät 4 umfasst einen Algorithmus 5, der aus der Zellenspannung den Ladezustand (SOC) der einzelnen Zellen 2a-2n bestimmt und ferner den Entladevorgang steuert.The individual cells 2a-2n are connected to a discharge circuit 7 via associated terminals 6a to 6n + 1. In addition, a control unit 4 is provided, which is connected via the terminals 6a to 6n + 1 with the individual cells 2a-2n. The control unit 4 comprises an algorithm 5 which determines the state of charge (SOC) of the individual cells 2a-2n from the cell voltage and also controls the discharging process.
Zum Zwecke des Ladezustandsausgleichs der Zellen 2a-2n wird ein Verfahren durchgeführt, wie es beispielhaft in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Darin wird in Schritt 10 zunächst überprüft, ob das Steuergerät 4 aktiv ist. Sobald das Steuergerät 4 aktiv ist, wird in Schritt 1 1 die Ruhespannung der einzelnen Zellen 2a-2n gemessen und daraus der Ladezustand (SOC) ermittelt. Die Spannungsmessung wird dabei in der Startphase des Fahrzeugs durchgeführt, noch bevor die Batterie zum Antrieb des Fahrzeugs genutzt wird.
Aus den Ladezuständen (SOC) der einzelnen Zellen 2a-2n wird dann in Schritt 12 eine Ladungsmenge (Q0) berechnet, die jede Zelle 2a-2n entladen werden muss, bis deren Ladezustand demjenigen der schwächsten Zelle entspricht. Mit Hilfe des Ohmschen Gesetzes und Kenntnis des Entlade-Widerstandes kann anhand der Zellspannung wahlweise auch eine Zeitdauer t0 berechnet werden, die jede Zelle 2a-2n entladen werden muss (Schritt 12).For the purpose of charge state equalization of the cells 2a-2n, a method as exemplified in FIG. 2 is performed. Therein, it is first checked in step 10 whether the control unit 4 is active. As soon as the control unit 4 is active, the quiescent voltage of the individual cells 2a-2n is measured in step 1 1, and the state of charge (SOC) is determined therefrom. The voltage measurement is carried out in the starting phase of the vehicle, even before the battery is used to drive the vehicle. From the states of charge (SOC) of the individual cells 2a-2n is calculated which each cell 2a-2n to be discharged until the state of charge corresponds to that of the weakest cell then an amount of charge in step 12 (0 Q). With the help of Ohm's law and knowledge of the discharge resistance, it is also possible to use the cell voltage to optionally calculate a time duration t 0 which must be discharged by each cell 2a-2n (step 12).
Die folgenden Schritte 13 bis 15 beschreiben den Entladevorgang. Dabei wird in Schritt 13 zunächst überprüft, ob sich die Batterie gerade in einer Ruhephase befindet, in der sie nur gering belastet ist. Falls ein solcher Zustand erkannt wurde, wird die Entladeschaltung 7 in Schritt 14 aktiviert und eine oder mehrere Zellen entladen. Andernfalls wird der Algorithmus verlassen (Fall N in Schritt 13) und nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit erneut überprüft, ob ein Ruhezustand vorliegt. In Schritt 15 wird überprüft, ob die für die einzelnen Zellen bestimmte Entlade-Zeitdauer erreicht wurde oder die entsprechende Ladungsmenge bereits abgebaut wurde. Falls eine der Zellen 2a-2n auf das gewünschte Ladungsniveau entladen wurde, endet der Entladeprozess für diese Zelle (Fall J in Schritt 15). Die anderen Zellen, die noch nicht vollständig entladen wurden (Fall N in Schritt 15), werden weiterhin entladen, bis ein vollständiger Ladungsausgleich stattgefunden hat. Das Verfahren verzweigt in diesem Fall N zurück zu Schritt 13.The following steps 13 to 15 describe the discharging process. It is first checked in step 13, if the battery is currently in a rest phase in which it is only slightly loaded. If such a condition has been detected, the discharge circuit 7 is activated in step 14 and discharged one or more cells. Otherwise, the algorithm is exited (case N in step 13) and rechecked after a predetermined time if there is a sleep state. In step 15, it is checked whether the discharge period determined for the individual cells has been reached or the corresponding amount of charge has already been reduced. If one of the cells 2a-2n has been discharged to the desired charge level, the discharge process for that cell ends (case J in step 15). The other cells that have not been fully discharged (case N in step 15) will continue to be discharged until complete charge equalization has occurred. The process branches back to step 13 in this case.
Um die Leistungsfähigkeit der Batterie zu erhalten, kann sie zwischen einzelnen Entladephasen immer wieder aufgeladen werden, so dass sich der Ladezustand der Batterie insgesamt nicht oder nur unwesentlich ändert.
In order to maintain the performance of the battery, it can be repeatedly charged between individual discharge phases, so that the overall state of charge of the battery does not change or only insignificantly changes.
Claims
1. Verfahren zum Ladezustandsausgleich von Fahrzeug-Batterien (1 ), insbesondere Lilonen-Batterien, mit mehreren Zellen (2a-2n), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladezustand (SOC) einzelner Zellen (2a-2n) ermittelt, für wenigstens eine dieser Zellen (2a-2n) eine Ladungsmenge, die die Zelle (2a- 2n) entladen werden soll, oder eine dazu äquivalente Größe (t) bestimmt wird, und die wenigstens eine Zelle (2a-2n) während des Betriebs des Fahrzeugs entsprechend der berechneten Ladungsmenge entladen wird.1. A method for charge state compensation of vehicle batteries (1), in particular Lilonen batteries, with a plurality of cells (2a-2n), characterized in that determines the state of charge (SOC) of individual cells (2a-2n), for at least one of these cells (2a-2n) an amount of charge to be discharged to the cell (2a-2n) or a quantity (t) equivalent thereto is determined, and the at least one cell (2a-2n) during operation of the vehicle according to the calculated charge amount unloaded.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladezustand (SOC) der Zellen (2a-2n) im Ruhezustand der Batterie (1 ) mittels Spannungsmessung bestimmt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the state of charge (SOC) of the cells (2a-2n) in the idle state of the battery (1) is determined by means of voltage measurement.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladezustand (SOC) in der Startphase des Fahrzeugs, noch bevor die Batterie (1 ) erheblich belastet wird, gemessen wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the state of charge (SOC) in the starting phase of the vehicle, even before the battery (1) is significantly loaded, is measured.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellen (2a-2n) im Betrieb des Fahrzeugs auf ein Ladungsniveau derjenigen Zelle mit dem geringsten Ladezustand (SOC) entladen werden.4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cells (2a-2n) are discharged during operation of the vehicle to a charge level of that cell with the lowest state of charge (SOC).
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellen (2a-2n) in Betriebsphasen des Fahrzeugs entladen werden, in denen die Batterie (1 ) nicht oder nur gering belastet ist.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cells (2a-2n) are discharged in operating phases of the vehicle, in which the battery (1) is not or only slightly loaded.
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zellen (2a-2n) in mehreren, zeitlich unterbrochenen Betriebsphasen entladen werden.6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cells (2a-2n) are discharged in several, temporally interrupted operating phases.
7. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Batterie (1 ) oder einzelne Zellen (2a-2n) im Betrieb des Fahrzeugs aufgeladen werden, so dass sich der Ladezustand (SOC) der Batterie (1 ) durch das Entladen der einzelnen Zellen (2a-2n) insgesamt nicht oder nur unwesentlich ändert.7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the battery (1) or individual cells (2a-2n) in the operation of the vehicle be charged, so that the state of charge (SOC) of the battery (1) by the discharge of the individual cells (2a-2n) does not change or only insignificantly.
8. Steuergerät, umfassend Mittel zum Durchführen eines der vorstehend beanspruchten Verfahren.8. Control device comprising means for performing one of the above claimed methods.
9. Batterie (1 ) mit einer Entladeschaltung (7), die für die Durchführung eines der vorherstehend beanspruchten Verfahren vorgesehen ist. 9. Battery (1) with a discharge circuit (7), which is provided for carrying out one of the methods claimed above.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008002190.3 | 2008-06-03 | ||
| DE102008002190A DE102008002190A1 (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2008-06-03 | Device and method for charge state compensation of vehicle batteries |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009146976A1 true WO2009146976A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/054739 WO2009146976A1 (en) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-04-21 | Apparatus and method for adjusting the state of charge of vehicle batteries |
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| Country | Link |
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| DE (1) | DE102008002190A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009146976A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104467071A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for state of charge compensation of a battery and method for charging a battery |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102013220691A1 (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-04-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for determining a battery status of a vehicle battery in a vehicle |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5498950A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-03-12 | Delco Electronics Corp. | Battery monitoring, charging and balancing apparatus |
| EP0795947A2 (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-17 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply unit for automotive vehicle |
| EP0814556A2 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing |
| US20040135546A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-07-15 | Tiax, Llc | System and method for balancing state of charge among series-connected electrical energy storage units |
-
2008
- 2008-06-03 DE DE102008002190A patent/DE102008002190A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2009
- 2009-04-21 WO PCT/EP2009/054739 patent/WO2009146976A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5498950A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1996-03-12 | Delco Electronics Corp. | Battery monitoring, charging and balancing apparatus |
| EP0795947A2 (en) * | 1996-03-14 | 1997-09-17 | Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Power supply unit for automotive vehicle |
| EP0814556A2 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1997-12-29 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing |
| US20040135546A1 (en) * | 2002-11-25 | 2004-07-15 | Tiax, Llc | System and method for balancing state of charge among series-connected electrical energy storage units |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104467071A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-03-25 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for state of charge compensation of a battery and method for charging a battery |
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| DE102008002190A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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