WO2009146153A2 - Manufacture, transport and delivery of material containing highly polarized nuclei - Google Patents
Manufacture, transport and delivery of material containing highly polarized nuclei Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009146153A2 WO2009146153A2 PCT/US2009/039696 US2009039696W WO2009146153A2 WO 2009146153 A2 WO2009146153 A2 WO 2009146153A2 US 2009039696 W US2009039696 W US 2009039696W WO 2009146153 A2 WO2009146153 A2 WO 2009146153A2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
- A61K49/08—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by the carrier
- A61K49/10—Organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/282—Means specially adapted for hyperpolarisation or for hyperpolarised contrast agents, e.g. for the generation of hyperpolarised gases using optical pumping cells, for storing hyperpolarised contrast agents or for the determination of the polarisation of a hyperpolarised contrast agent
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/54—Signal processing systems, e.g. using pulse sequences ; Generation or control of pulse sequences; Operator console
- G01R33/56—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution
- G01R33/5601—Image enhancement or correction, e.g. subtraction or averaging techniques, e.g. improvement of signal-to-noise ratio and resolution involving use of a contrast agent for contrast manipulation, e.g. a paramagnetic, super-paramagnetic, ferromagnetic or hyperpolarised contrast agent
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to improved materials including hyperpolarized nuclei and techniques for making the same.
- HP fumarate which can be manufactured by first hyperpolarizing nuclei in fumaric acid and then allowing the acid to react with a base solution to form HP fumarate.
- HP sodium pyruvate i.e., sodium pyruvate including hyperpolarized nuclei
- HP sodium pyruvate may be manufactured in a similar fashion. In reactions such as these the amount of polarization lost during the chemical reaction has been shown to be small.
- DNP Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
- TA trityl radical
- EPA electron paramagnetic agent
- the disclosure provides a method of producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the method includes formatting a first material into a high surface area configuration.
- the first material is exposed to 3 He at a temperature below about 1OK and a magnetic field in a manner sufficient to substantially increase the polarization of the first material.
- the temperature of the first material is then increased without melting or sublimating the first material resulting in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized.
- the first material is then reacted with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the mixture may be a solution.
- the first material may be melted prior to, or as a part of, the reacting step.
- the first material may be exposed to 4 He after exposing the first material to 3 He.
- the first material may be stored in a hyperpolarized condition in a separate cryostat.
- the first material may be transported in the separate cryostat to a site remote from where it was hyperpolarized prior to reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the nuclei in the first material includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of 13 C, 15 N, 1 H, 31 P and 29 Si.
- the method may further include substantially increasing the temperature of the first material without melting or sublimating the material after the initial temperature increase that results in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized.
- the temperature may be increased from a first temperature substantially below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature substantially above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum.
- the temperature of the first material is increased from a temperature below about 1OK to a temperature of about 200K.
- the temperature of the first material may be increased in the presence of a magnetic field at a rate wherein less than about 90 percent of polarization imparted to nuclei in the first material is lost.
- the temperature of the first material may be increased in the presence of a magnetic field at a rate wherein less than about 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 or 5 percent of polarization imparted to nuclei in the first material is lost. If desired, the first material may be transported to a location within the fringe field of an MR system after the first material has reached the second temperature.
- the method may additionally include the step of removing the first material from the polarizing cryostat after the initial temperature increase that results in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized.
- the method may further include transferring the first material into a transport cryostat after the initial temperature increase that results in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized. Accordingly, the transport cryostat may be transported to an end user. The first material may then be transferred from the transport cryostat into a transfer vessel.
- the transfer vessel may include a permanent magnet or electromagnet for maintaining the first material in a magnetic field.
- the method may further include increasing the temperature from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum.
- the temperature may be raised to the second temperature at substantially the same time the first material is transferred into the transfer vessel.
- the temperature may be raised to the second temperature in less than about thirty seconds in a magnetic field having a strength between about 0.1 Tesla and about 10 Tesla.
- the method may further include the step of disposing the first material in a mixing device within the fringe field of a MR system. Preferably, at least a portion of the reacting step occurs within the mixing device. If a transfer vessel is used, the magnet of the transfer vessel is preferably turned off or otherwise deactivated or shielded prior to performing an MR system operation.
- the first material may include an acid and the at least one other material may include a base.
- the first material may include a base and the at least one other material may include an acid.
- the acid may include an acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, formic, lactic and pyruvic acid.
- the acid is isotopically enhanced in one or more of its carbon sites with 13 C.
- the at least one other material includes sodium, such as in the form of sodium hydroxide and/or sodium bicarbonate.
- the first material may be a liquid, solid, and/or gas at STP.
- the first material may be frozen in a high surface area configuration such that it has a surface area to volume ratio greater than about 0.1 m /g.
- a method of magnetic resonance (MR) investigation of a subject including a human subject or other organism includes producing a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei as described herein, administering the mixture to the subject, exposing the subject to radiation of a frequency selected to excite nuclear spin transitions in the hyperpolarized nuclei, and detecting magnetic resonance signals from the subject.
- the method may further include generating at least one of an image, dynamic flow data, diffusion data, perfusion data, physiological data or metabolic data from the detected signals.
- the hyperpolarized nuclei in the mixture preferably have a Tl value of at least 5 seconds at a field strength in the range 0.01-5 T and at a temperature in the range of 20-40 0 C.
- the disclosure further provides a method of producing a material including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the method includes increasing the state of polarization of a first material in the absence of a source of free electrons or paramagnetic impurities at a temperature below about 1OK in the presence of a magnetic field, increasing the temperature of the first material without melting it resulting in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized, and reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the mixture may include a solution, among other types of mixtures.
- the methods described herein may include embodiments wherein the first material includes a methyl group.
- the methods described herein may include embodiments wherein the resulting mixture includes pairs of bonded nuclei. Preferably, at least a portion of the bonded nuclei are hyperpolarized.
- the disclosure further provides a method of producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the method includes formatting a first material including a methyl group into a high surface area configuration, increasing the nuclear polarization of the first material, and increasing the temperature of the first material from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum without melting or sublimating the first material within a time period less than about thirty seconds.
- the disclosure also provides a method of producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the method includes formatting a first material including a methyl group into a high surface area configuration, increasing the nuclear polarization of the first material, and increasing the temperature of the first material from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum without melting or sublimating the first material within a time period less than about thirty seconds, wherein less than about 90 percent of the polarization is lost when increasing the temperature.
- the first material may be reacted with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments, less than about 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 or 5 percent of the polarization is lost when increasing the temperature.
- the disclosure yet further provides a method of producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the method includes hyperpolarizing a first material, and increasing the temperature of the first material from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum without melting or sublimating the first material.
- the disclosure still further provides a method of producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the method includes formatting a first material into a high surface area configuration and, in a polarizing cryostat, exposing the first material to He at a temperature below about 1OK and a magnetic field in a manner sufficient to substantially increase the polarization of the first material.
- the method also includes reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the disclosure also provides a method of producing a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei including providing a precursor including hyperpolarized nuclei, disposing the precursor in the stray field of an MR system, and reacting the precursor with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the disclosure also provides a hyperpolarized material made according to any of the processes described herein.
- an embodiment of a system for producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei includes a polarizing cryostat having a vessel for exposing a first material formatted into a high surface area configuration to 3 He at a temperature below about 1OK and a magnet adapted and configured to provide a magnetic field in a manner sufficient to substantially increase the polarization of the first material.
- the system further includes a first heat source for increasing the temperature of the first material without melting or sublimating the first material resulting in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized.
- the system still further provides a mixing device for reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the mixture may be a solution.
- the system may further include a second heat source for melting the first material to permit the first material to react.
- the second heat source may include the material with which the first material is mixed in the mixing device.
- the first material may be melted by dropping it into the material with which the first material is mixed.
- the first material may melt prior to contacting the material with which the first material is mixed.
- the system may further include means for exposing the first material to 4 He after exposing the first material to 3 He.
- the system may further include a transport cryostat in which the first material in a hyperpolarized condition is stored.
- the transport cryostat is preferably suitable for transporting the first material to a site remote from where the first material was hyperpolarized.
- the nuclei in the first material includes at least one material selected from the group consisting of 13 C, 15 N, 1 H, 31 P and 29 Si.
- the system may include means for substantially increasing the temperature of the first material without melting or sublimating the material after the first material becomes hyperpolarized.
- the system may be adapted and configured to increase the temperature from a first temperature substantially below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature substantially above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum.
- the system is preferably adapted and configured to increase the temperature of the first material from a temperature below about 1OK to a temperature of about 200K.
- the system may include a transfer vessel for receiving the first material from the transport cryostat.
- the transfer vessel preferably includes a magnet for maintaining the first material in a magnetic field.
- the system includes a mixing device for receiving the first material from the transfer vessel.
- the mixing device and transfer vessel are preferably adapted and configured to be operated within the fringe field of a MR system.
- the magnet of the transfer vessel can be adapted and configured to be turned off prior to performing an MR system operation.
- the first material can be a liquid, solid, and/or a gas at STP.
- the first material is preferably in a high surface area configuration that has a surface area to volume ratio greater than about 0.1 m /g.
- the disclosure provides a system of magnetic resonance (MR) investigation of a subject including a human subject or other organism.
- the MR system includes means for producing a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei as described herein and an injector for administering the mixture to the subject.
- the system further includes at least one radio frequency coil for exposing the subject to radiation of a frequency selected to excite nuclear spin transitions in the hyperpolarized nuclei, and a detector for detecting magnetic resonance signals from the subject.
- system may further include means for generating at least one of an image, dynamic flow data, diffusion data, perfusion data, physiological data or metabolic data from signals received from the detector.
- the disclosure also provides an exemplary system for producing a material including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the system includes means for increasing the state of polarization of a first material in the absence of a source of free electrons or paramagnetic impurities at a temperature below about 1OK in the presence of a magnetic field.
- the system further includes means for increasing the temperature of the first material without melting it resulting in nuclei in the first material becoming hyperpolarized.
- the system also includes means for reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the disclosed systems may utilize a first material that includes a methyl group. If desired, the disclosed systems may be used to make a mixture that includes pairs of bonded nuclei. Preferably, at least a portion of the bonded nuclei are hyperpolarized.
- a system for producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei includes means for formatting a first material including a methyl group into a high surface area configuration and means for increasing the nuclear polarization of the first material.
- the system further includes means for increasing the temperature of the first material from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum without melting or sublimating the first material within a time period less than about thirty seconds.
- a system for producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei includes means for formatting a first material including a methyl group into a high surface area configuration, and means for increasing the nuclear polarization of the first material.
- the system further includes means for increasing the temperature of the first material from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum without melting or sublimating the first material within a time period less than about thirty seconds, wherein less than about 90 percent of the polarization is lost during the warming step. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments, less than about 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 or 5 percent of the polarization is lost during the warming step.
- the system may include means for reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- a system for producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei includes means for hyperpolarizing a first material and means for increasing the temperature of the first material from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum without melting or sublimating the first material.
- system for producing a material containing hyperpolarized nuclei includes means for formatting a first material into a high surface area configuration, a polarizing cryostat having means for exposing the first material to 3 He at a temperature below about 10K, and a magnet for generating a magnetic field in a manner sufficient to substantially increase the polarization of the first material.
- the system also includes a mixing device for reacting the first material with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- a system for producing a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei is provided.
- the system includes means for providing a precursor including hyperpolarized nuclei and means for disposing the precursor in the stray field of an MR system.
- the system further includes means for reacting the precursor with at least one other material to form a mixture including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- Fig. 1 depicts nuclear polarization decay times ("Tl") vs temperature in differing magnetic fields for several different protonated and deuterated samples of frozen 1- 13 C enriched acetic acid.
- Fig. 2 depicts a schematic view of an exemplary method and system in accordance with the disclosed embodiments.
- nuclei in various molecules may be hyperpolarized without the need for the addition (or use) of toxic catalysts such as a TA/EPA or other catalysts or any polarizing agents (whether or not toxic).
- nuclei in molecules are hyperpolarized which may then be reacted to form 13 C-bearing molecules of biological interest such as acetates and pyruvates in solution.
- sodium acetate including hyperpolarized nuclei may be provided. Sodium acetate can play a particularly vital role as a reporter on the metabolic process.
- acetyl-CoA is oxidized in mitochondria by the TCA cycle to form carbon dioxide (CO 2 ).
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- NADH is generated, which drives oxidative phosphorylation
- the reduction of oxygen workload is tightly coupled to O 2 consumption and to the flux of acetyl - CoA through the TCA cycle.
- measurement of TCA cycle flux reports the metabolism required for heart function.
- a method for making sodium acetate solution including hyperpolarized nuclei may be produced. This may be accomplished, for example, by reacting acetic acid with sodium bicarbonate to produce sodium acetate, water and carbon dioxide gas, wherein nuclei in at least one of the precursors are hyperpolarized.
- the reaction thus naturally produces a mixture such as a solution that, when optionally combined with buffers, saline or other chemicals, is amenable for in vivo applications as a tracer and/or as a source of metabolic information.
- Other acids such as lactic, pyruvic and formic acid may additionally or alternatively be used.
- Tl characteristic nuclear polarization decay times
- HP materials i.e., materials including hyperpolarized nuclei
- HP materials can then be supplied as a consumable, removing the need for the user to site a polarizer on its premises and reducing the cost burden.
- the physical state and the chemical composition of the material influences its nuclear polarization decay time.
- Applicant has measured the Tl of acetic acid and sodium acetate over a wide range of temperatures and fields. Applicant has discovered that the Tl of hyperpolarized nuclei in sodium acetate is quite short over a wide range of temperature (e.g., from 4 K to 300 K). This is too short for hyperpolarized sodium acetate to be transported over any reasonable distance in any kind of reasonable magnetic field without severe loss of polarization.
- the Tl of acetic acid (deuterated) can be very long at T ⁇ 15 K and in a moderate magnetic field (typically B ⁇ 0.1 T).
- HP acetic acid i.e., acetic acid including hyperpolarized nuclei
- HP acetic acid i.e., acetic acid including hyperpolarized nuclei
- it is sodium acetate, not acetic acid, which is required for use as an in vivo agent, the acetic acid is converted to sodium acetate just before use.
- the DNP method described above does not lend itself well to long term transport or storage of a hyperpolarized material.
- One reason for this is that the TA/EPA present in the frozen HP material shortens the Tl in the solid state. The TA/EPA cannot be removed without melting the material into its liquid state. However, the Tl of 13 C in materials in the liquid state are typically on the order of 10 - 60 seconds. For this reason, long term storage and/or transport of materials hyperpolarized using DNP is not feasible.
- DNP polarizers are typically sited very close to the NMR/MRI system that is used to analyze the HP materials they produce.
- the polarizer near the NMR/MRI system is problematic for a number of reasons.
- the high cost of these machines imposes a very high cost burden on the end user, both in terms of capital equipment costs and overhead.
- the limited payload scalability of a DNP machine means only a small number of scans can be performed per unit time. This in turn limits the diagnostic information that can be obtained using an HP material polarized using DNP techniques. Transport of the final product in its liquid form from the DNP polarizer to the patient also consumes time that is then not available for observation of the desired metabolic process.
- HP materials that may be used as precursors in a chemical reaction to manufacture a material (e.g., solution) of biological interest including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- a material e.g., solution
- the present disclosure permits transportation over significant distances such that the HP materials may be supplied as a consumable material manufactured at a first location and transported to the end user.
- Tl is again long enough that short term storage/transport is feasible. This enables the possibility of placing the polarizer (and/or a transport cryostat containing polarized material) well outside the vicinity of the MR magnet. Properly utilizing this discovery requires that the polarized material's temperature be changed from well below the minimum to well above it in a time much less than the relaxation time Tl at any point during this process, without melting or sublimating the material. Once the material is melted its Tl becomes quite short and it must be used immediately.
- the thermal relaxation time of the material can be made very short. This allows its temperature to be adjusted very quickly. This has the significant advantage of allowing materials to be warmed from the very low temperatures (as an example, T ⁇ 10 K) required for long term storage/transport to the more moderate temperatures suitable for short term transport (as an example T ⁇ 200 K) without melting and/or undue loss of polarization that may occur as the result of a short Tl somewhere in the temperature profile of the material in question.
- the temperature of the hyperpolarized material may be increased in the presence of a magnetic field at a rate wherein less than about 90, 80, 70, 60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 or 5 percent of polarization imparted to nuclei in the first material is lost.
- the advantage of preparing polarized materials in this manner is that they may then be transported over short distances (for example, from one part of the user site to another) using readily available cryogenic materials (e.g., liquid nitrogen or dry ice) and in relatively low magnetic fields.
- cryogenic materials e.g., liquid nitrogen or dry ice
- Another advantage is that the melting time of the material is reduced as the temperature differential between its starting point and melting temperature is decreased.
- Configuring materials that are solids at room temperature into high surface area powders is relatively straightforward. For example, well known techniques such as ball milling can be used to reduce the particle size of the solid material to less than a micron if desired. When the material to be powderized is a liquid at room temperature a different approach must be used. Ball milling is not useful for many frozen liquids as the heat of milling melts the particles. Applicant has developed methods to produce high surface area frozen powders of various materials that are liquid under normal standard temperature and pressures and that, either intrinsically or as the result of a chemical reaction, make suitable metabolic substrates for HP MR study purposes. Suitable methods are described, for example, in Applicant's U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 12/193,536, filed August 18, 2008. The aforementioned patent application also discloses various other mixtures that may be achieved in accordance with the present disclosure (e.g., colloids, suspensions, and the like).
- nuclei in the material become “hyperpolarized.”
- the material including the "hyperpolarized” nuclei can now be used for a variety of NMR/MRI protocols. Most notably, the material can in and of itself be used as an in vivo MR material or it can be reacted as a precursor with another material to form a third material which is itself useful as an NMR/MRI material.
- QRS Quality of Recognition
- the QRS process may be extended to operate on a wide range of materials, rather than only materials that are gases at standard conditions. This requires that the material to be hyperpolarized be configured in a high surface area. Applicant has further discovered that a wide range of liquids may be frozen and powderized so that their surface area to volume ratio is very high. In particular, liquids such as acetic acid that upon chemical reaction make solutions of metabolic substrates suitable for injection and in vivo NMR/MRI protocols are preferred.
- hyperpolarized material herein is intended to refer to material including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the hyperpolarized materials may be reacted with other materials to form a third HP material that is of use for MRI/NMR applications (e.g., in vivo MRI applications).
- materials are used that contain molecules of interest for biological MRI applications. The following Example is based partially on experience and partially on insight.
- Deuterated acetic acid is frozen into high surface area pellets by introducing them into LN2 in a finely divided form of droplets.
- the surface area of the pellets is measured by BET to be ⁇ 5 m 2 /g.
- the pellets are placed in the sample chamber of a dilution refrigerator and cooled to T ⁇ 100 mK in the presence of a 10 T magnetic field. 3 He is added to the sample chamber to hasten magnetic relaxation. Once the sample is polarized (a process which can be monitored using NMR), 4 He is added to the sample chamber to remove the 3 He from the surface of the sample. The sample is warmed to T ⁇ 5 K and the helium gases are removed.
- the pellets are removed from the chamber of the polarizing cryostat while being kept in a temperature T ⁇ 10 K and in a magnetic field > 0.1 Tesla.
- the pellets are transferred to a transport cryostat where similar field/temperature conditions are maintained. After transport, the temperature of the pellets is quickly raised from T ⁇ 10 K to T ⁇ 77 K, for example, by immersing them in liquid nitrogen.
- the pellets can then be removed from the transport cryostat and brought into the vicinity of the MR system using a small magnetic field and a suitable cryogenic material to maintain the polarization.
- the pellets may be rapidly melted by dropping them into heated sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of a magnetic field to create a hyperpolarized mixture, such as in the form of a hyperpolarized sodium acetate solution (i.e., a sodium acetate solution including hyperpolarized nuclei).
- a hyperpolarized sodium acetate solution i.e., a sodium acetate solution including hyperpolarized nuclei.
- the stray field of the MR system can be used to maintain a magnetic field over the hyperpolarized precursor when the precursor is used to make a hyperpolarized mixture.
- the hyperpolarized precursor such as an acid or a base including hyperpolarized nuclei
- the polarizing cryostat if nearby (or transport cryostat) into a transfer vessel as depicted in Fig. 2.
- the temperature of the hyperpolarized precursor may then be elevated from a first temperature below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum.
- the temperature of the hyperpolarized precursor is elevated from a first temperature substantially below the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum to a second temperature substantially above the temperature at which the Tl of the first material experiences a minimum (e.g., from below about 1OK to about 200K).
- a liquid cryogen such as liquid argon, nitrogen, xenon or krypton
- the precursor can be heated by passing a gas warmed to about 200K over its surfaces.
- material formatted into a high surface area form is polarized in a cryostat 1.
- the material is polarized at a temperature between about ImK and lOOmk, more preferably between about 1OmK and about 4OmK.
- the temperature of the material is then increased, resulting in hyperpolarization (i.e., a state in which the polarization is above that at which it would ordinarily be at thermal equilibrium).
- the material is then extracted and stored in a transport cryostat 2 that maintains a temperature and magnetic field environment such that decay of the nuclear polarization of the material is slow.
- This hyperpolarized material may then be transported via the transport cryostat 2 to storage or a terminal location, such as a hospital.
- the hyperpolarized material is then extracted from the transport cryostat 2 into an interim cryostat or transfer vessel 3 that maintains the hyperpolarized material at a higher temperature and lower magnetic field suitable for short term transport.
- its temperature is preferably raised as quickly as possible across the temperature at which the Tl for the material is at a minimum.
- the temperature increase is preferably performed in a time period less than 30, 20, 10, or most preferably, 5 seconds long.
- the applied field of the transfer vessel 3 is not in excess of 500 Gauss such that it may be brought safely into proximity of the NMR/MRI system.
- the hyperpolarized material is then ejected from the transfer vessel 3 into a mixing device 4 where it is converted into a mixture, such as a solution, preferably suitable for in vivo injection.
- the hyperpolarized solution is injected via a sterile line 5 into a patient 6.
- An NMR/MRI system 7 is then used to carry out a variety of NMR/MRI protocols.
- the transfer vessel 3 includes a compartment 8 for receiving the hyperpolarized precursor material, and includes a magnet 9 such as an electromagnet or permanent magnet for maintaining a magnetic field over the material during the transfer process.
- a magnet 9 such as an electromagnet or permanent magnet for maintaining a magnetic field over the material during the transfer process.
- the mixing device 4 and transfer vessel 3 are disposed within the stray magnetic field 10 of the MR system 7. It will be noted that the depicted field lines are merely intended to be illustrative. Advantageously, this permits the hyperpolarized material to be melted in close proximity to the MR system, thus saving time delivering the resultant solution to the subject during which the polarization of will decay. As further illustrated in Fig.
- the polarizing cryostat 1 includes a magnet 11 for applying a field thereto, a vessel for containing the material to be hyperpolarized, and a heat source for raising the temperature of the material to facilitate hyperpolarization. Also illustrated is the fact that the polarizing cryostat 1 is in operable communication with a source 14 of 3 He and a source 15 of 4 He. A second heat source 16, that is, a source of material that can be used to heat the hyperpolarized material from a temperature below the temperature at which the hyperpolarized material experiences a minimum Tl to a higher temperature is also illustrated.
- Fig. 2 also illustrates that system 7 includes a transmit RF coil 17, a detector 18 (such as a receive coil array and supporting hardware), as well as a computer terminal/processor 19 for receiving and processing received data.
- magnet 9 is an electromagnet. This permits the magnetic field of the transfer vessel 3 to be selectively deactivated to prevent the field of the transfer vessel 3 from interfering with MR system operation. Alternatively, the field can be well- shielded to minimize interference. If desired, the hyperpolarized precursor for making the hyperpolarized mixture may be made on site in relatively close proximity to the MR system.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA2720333A CA2720333C (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2009-04-06 | Manufacture, transport and delivery of material containing highly polarized nuclei |
EP09755515.5A EP2459234A4 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2009-04-06 | Manufacture, transport and delivery of material containing highly polarized nuclei |
AU2009251528A AU2009251528B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2009-04-06 | Manufacture, transport and delivery of material containing highly polarized nuclei |
US12/879,634 US8703102B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2010-09-10 | Systems and methods for producing hyperpolarized materials and mixtures thereof |
US14/190,945 US20140218029A1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2014-02-26 | Techniques, systems and machine readable programs for magnetic resonance |
US14/257,787 US20140223923A1 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2014-04-21 | Systems and methods for producing hyperpolarized materials and mixtures thereof |
US15/230,739 US20170082711A1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2016-08-08 | Techniques, systems and machine readable programs for magnetic resonance |
US15/612,456 US20170269180A1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2017-06-02 | Systems and related methods for rapidly moving materials into and out of a cryogenic environment |
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US4239808P | 2008-04-04 | 2008-04-04 | |
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US12/193,536 US20090016964A1 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2008-08-18 | Hyperpolarization methods, systems and compositions |
US11105008P | 2008-11-04 | 2008-11-04 | |
US61/111,050 | 2008-11-04 |
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PCT/US2010/047310 Continuation-In-Part WO2011026103A2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2010-08-31 | Systems and methods for producing hyperpolarized materials and mixtures thereof |
US12/879,634 Continuation-In-Part US8703102B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2010-09-10 | Systems and methods for producing hyperpolarized materials and mixtures thereof |
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PCT/US2009/039696 WO2009146153A2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2009-04-06 | Manufacture, transport and delivery of material containing highly polarized nuclei |
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EP (1) | EP2459234A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009251528B2 (en) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8703201B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2014-04-22 | Millikelvin Technologies Llc | Hyperpolarization methods, systems and compositions |
US8703102B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2014-04-22 | Millikelvin Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for producing hyperpolarized materials and mixtures thereof |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6651459B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2003-11-25 | Oxford Instruments Superconductivity Limited | Hyperpolarization of a gas |
WO2007007022A1 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Oxford Instruments Molecular Biotools Limited | Magnet assembly for dnp and/or nmr applications |
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CN1777454A (en) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-05-24 | 医疗物理有限公司 | MRI/NMR-compatible,tidal volume control and measurement systems,methods,and devices for respiratory and hyperpolarized gas delivery |
DE102004002639A1 (en) * | 2004-01-19 | 2005-09-15 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Process for the enrichment of hyperpolarized atomic nuclei and apparatus for carrying out the process |
DE102004011874B4 (en) * | 2004-03-11 | 2006-04-20 | Universitätsklinikum Freiburg | Method for measuring magnetic resonance (NMR) using Continuously Refocused Multiecho Spectroscopic Imaging |
EP1986702A4 (en) * | 2006-02-21 | 2012-12-12 | Avrum Belzer | Hyperpolarization methods, systems and compositions |
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2009
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- 2009-04-06 WO PCT/US2009/039696 patent/WO2009146153A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-04-06 EP EP09755515.5A patent/EP2459234A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6651459B2 (en) | 2000-01-25 | 2003-11-25 | Oxford Instruments Superconductivity Limited | Hyperpolarization of a gas |
WO2007007022A1 (en) | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-18 | Oxford Instruments Molecular Biotools Limited | Magnet assembly for dnp and/or nmr applications |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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See also references of EP2459234A4 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8703201B2 (en) | 2006-02-21 | 2014-04-22 | Millikelvin Technologies Llc | Hyperpolarization methods, systems and compositions |
US8703102B2 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2014-04-22 | Millikelvin Technologies Llc | Systems and methods for producing hyperpolarized materials and mixtures thereof |
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AU2009251528B2 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
EP2459234A4 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
CA2720333C (en) | 2017-01-24 |
AU2009251528A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
EP2459234A2 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
WO2009146153A3 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
CA2720333A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
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