WO2009143779A1 - 一种下行传输的方法、系统、基站及用户设备 - Google Patents

一种下行传输的方法、系统、基站及用户设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009143779A1
WO2009143779A1 PCT/CN2009/072026 CN2009072026W WO2009143779A1 WO 2009143779 A1 WO2009143779 A1 WO 2009143779A1 CN 2009072026 W CN2009072026 W CN 2009072026W WO 2009143779 A1 WO2009143779 A1 WO 2009143779A1
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Prior art keywords
scenario
pilot
base station
domain interval
optimized
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PCT/CN2009/072026
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于洋
孙韶辉
王映民
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大唐移动通信设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2009143779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009143779A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02Arrangements for optimising operational condition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of broadband wireless communications, and in particular, to a downlink transmission method, system, base station, and user equipment.
  • Broadband wireless communication will become the main development direction of mobile communication in the future.
  • ITU ITU
  • the maximum wireless communication bandwidth is up to 100MHz.
  • IMT-Advanced International Advanced Mobile Telecommunications
  • Its maximum transmission rate is up to 1 Gbps and is designed to meet the high demands of users for wireless mobile communications.
  • the IMT-Advanced system uses coherent demodulation and uses pilot symbols for channel estimation.
  • the pilot symbols occupy signals known to the transmitting end and the receiving end of the time-frequency resource, thereby facilitating accurate acquisition of channel state information.
  • the pilot overhead is related to the channel state, which determines the pilot overhead. If the pilot uses too little time-frequency resources, the channel estimation will be inaccurate. If the pilot uses too much time-frequency resources, it will waste resources and reduce the system spectrum utilization.
  • FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C are schematic diagrams showing pilot structures of a single antenna, two antennas, and four antennas in the prior art.
  • the overhead of the pilot symbol in a single antenna is 5% of the entire downlink resource; as shown in FIG. 1B, the overhead of the pilot symbol at 2 antennas is 10% of the entire downlink resource; as shown in FIG. 1C, the 4 antenna The overhead of the pilot symbol is 15% of the entire downlink resource.
  • the pilot structure proposed by the above LTE is only designed for the TU channel, and a good performance and pilot overhead tradeoff can be obtained only in the TU channel, but when such a pilot structure is applied to other scenarios, The problem of system performance degradation or wasted pilot overhead.
  • the basic characteristics are that the multipath delay is long and the moving speed is limited. Since the frequency selectivity is significant when the multipath delay is long, the density of the pilot symbols in the frequency domain needs to be increased.
  • the pilot structure matched with the TU channel environment will lead to system performance degradation. For example, in hotspots, the basic characteristics are that the multipath delay is short, the moving speed is very low, and the frequency selectivity and time selectivity are significantly reduced. The density of the pilot symbols in the frequency domain is greatly reduced without affecting system performance. At this time, using the pilot structure matching the TU channel environment wastes the pilot overhead. Summary of the invention
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a downlink transmission method, which can reduce pilot overhead and improve system resource utilization under the premise of ensuring system performance.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a downlink transmission system, a base station, and a user equipment, which can reduce pilot overhead and improve system resource utilization while ensuring system performance.
  • a method for downlink transmission where the method includes:
  • the base station determines the pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario according to the scenario, and notifies the user equipment of the indication information of the scenario optimized pilot structure parameter determined by the broadcast channel; and the base station optimizes the downlink channel according to the scenario except the broadcast channel.
  • Frequency structure parameters for signal transmission
  • the user equipment acquires the pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario, and performs channel estimation on the downlink channel except the broadcast channel according to the pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario.
  • a downlink transmission system comprising:
  • a base station configured to determine, according to a scenario, a scenario optimized pilot structure parameter, notify the user equipment of the indication information of the determined scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter by using a broadcast channel, and is further configured to use a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel according to the The pilot-optimized pilot structure parameters are used for signal transmission;
  • a user equipment configured to acquire a pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario, and perform channel estimation on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel according to the optimized pilot structure parameter of the scenario.
  • a base station comprising:
  • a determining module configured to determine a scenario optimized pilot structure parameter according to a scenario where the base station is located; and a notification module, configured to notify, by using a broadcast channel, the indication information of the determined scenario optimized pilot structure parameter to the user equipment by using a broadcast channel;
  • a transmitting module configured to perform signal transmission according to the pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel.
  • a user equipment including:
  • an acquiring module configured to acquire a pilot structure parameter that is optimized by the base station
  • a channel estimation module configured to perform channel estimation on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel according to the optimized pilot structure parameter of the scenario.
  • the method, the system, the base station, and the user equipment provided by the present invention select corresponding scene-optimized pilot structure parameters for different scenarios, and notify the user equipment of the selected scene-optimized pilot structure parameters through the broadcast channel, in addition to the broadcast channel.
  • the downlink channel is transmitted according to the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter, and the user equipment can perform channel estimation on the downlink channel except the broadcast channel according to the optimized pilot structure parameter of the scenario. Since the pilot-optimized pilot structure parameters are designed for different scenarios, the pilot overhead can be reduced and the system resource utilization can be improved under the premise of ensuring system performance.
  • 1A is a schematic diagram of a pilot structure of a prior art single antenna
  • 1B is a schematic diagram of a pilot structure of a prior art 2 antenna
  • 1C is a schematic diagram of a pilot structure of a 4-ant antenna
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a single antenna pilot structure in a high-speed mobile environment scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram of a single antenna pilot structure in a typical urban scene according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3B is a 2 antenna of a typical urban scene according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram of a 4-antenna pilot structure of a typical urban scene according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a single-antenna pilot structure of a suburban rural scene according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4C is a schematic diagram of a 4-antenna pilot structure of a suburban rural scene according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a single-antenna pilot structure of a harsh urban area in a mountainous area according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram of a 4-antenna pilot structure of a harsh urban area in a mountainous area according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a single-antenna pilot structure of a hotspot area scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of a 2-antenna pilot structure of a hotspot area scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • 6C is a schematic diagram of a 4-antenna pilot structure of a hotspot area scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a downlink transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • the pilot structure parameters include: frequency domain interval and time domain interval.
  • the frequency domain interval is the time domain interval according to the sampling theorem, and the following relationship should be satisfied:
  • the dish is the maximum multipath delay, which is the maximum Doppler spread, which is proportional to the highest moving speed in the scene.
  • ⁇ and A are frequency domain oversampling factors and time domain oversampling factors, respectively. Generally, when A is about 2, a good compromise between performance and pilot overhead can be obtained.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is up to 450 KHz, and the pilot time domain interval is up to 450 ⁇ .
  • pilot frequency domain interval and the pilot time domain interval that meet the system requirements in Table 1 are adjusted to determine the pilot structure parameters of each scenario, as shown in Table 2.
  • Table 2 the pilot frequency domain interval and the pilot time domain interval of different scenarios are generally multiplied, and meet the requirements of the pilot structure parameters required for different scenarios in Table 1.
  • the determined frequency domain interval is smaller, that is, the density of the pilot symbols in the frequency domain is larger, for example, Among the five typical scenarios, the multipath delay in the harsh urban area is the largest (10 ⁇ 20 s), and the determined frequency domain interval is the smallest (45KHz), that is, the pilot symbol has the highest density in the frequency domain; The higher the maximum moving speed, the smaller the determined time domain interval, that is, the higher the density of the pilot symbols in the time domain.
  • the highest moving speed of the high-speed mobile environment is the largest (> 350Km/ h)
  • the determined time domain interval is the smallest or 213 ⁇ ), that is, the pilot symbol has the highest density in the time domain.
  • the harsher the application environment of the scene the greater the density of the pilot symbols.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single antenna pilot in a high-speed mobile environment scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is 360 KHz
  • the pilot time domain interval is 142 ⁇ (ie, the interval length of 2 OFDM symbols) or 213 ⁇ (ie, the interval length of symbols of 3 OFDM).
  • the single antenna pilot overhead is 1.8%.
  • Multi-stream transmission increases system capacity and therefore uses multiple antennas for transmission.
  • FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a single antenna, two antennas and four antenna pilots in a typical urban scene according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is 90 kHz
  • the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms.
  • the single-antenna pilot overhead is 2.4% and the 2-antenna pilot overhead is 4.8%.
  • FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a single antenna, two antennas and four antennas of a suburban rural scene according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is 180 kHz
  • the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms.
  • the single antenna pilot overhead is 1.2% and the 2-antenna pilot overhead is 2.4%.
  • FIG. 5A to FIG. 5C are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a single antenna, two antennas and four antenna pilots in a harsh urban area of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is 45 kHz
  • the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms.
  • the configuration of 2 antennas is the main consideration.
  • the single antenna pilot overhead is 6.67% and the 2 antenna overhead is 13.3%.
  • the terminal In the hot spot, the terminal is generally in a static state or in a nomadic state.
  • the user is in a rich reflector environment.
  • the wireless signal is generally reflected by surrounding objects, and the channel correlation is small.
  • Multi-stream transmission can be performed using MIMO to improve the system. Capacity, therefore using multiple antennas to transmit; small coverage area, small delay spread, limited speed of movement, generally does not exceed 5Km / h. Therefore, in this scenario, OFDM symbols can use a shorter CP length to increase spectrum utilization.
  • FIG. 6A to FIG. 6C are schematic diagrams showing the structure of a single antenna, two antennas and four antenna pilots in a hot spot scene according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is 360 kHz
  • the pilot time domain interval is lms.
  • the 4-antenna configuration is the main consideration, and there is a rich reflector in the hot spot, which can provide more spatial paths, and the peak rate can be obtained in this configuration.
  • the single antenna pilot overhead is 0.3%
  • the 2 antenna is 0.6%
  • the 4 antenna is 1.2%.
  • the base station can select the pilot structure parameters optimized by the corresponding scene according to the scene in which it is located, and perform signal transmission according to the pilot structure parameters optimized by the scene.
  • the pilot structure parameters for selecting the scene optimization by the base station may be manually selected or may be selected by the base station.
  • the base station Since the user equipment needs to know the pilot structure parameters after receiving the signal, that is, knowing the location of the pilot symbol, the demodulation can be performed correctly. Therefore, the base station must notify the user equipment of the selected scene optimized pilot structure parameters. The following describes how to notify. Before this, it is necessary to first introduce the downlink channel:
  • the downlink channel can be divided into broadcast channels, The downlink control channel and the downlink shared channel, wherein the broadcast channel sends the basic information of the system to all user equipments in the cell, and includes the most important system information in the process of the user equipment accessing the cell and performing cell selection and reselection. Therefore, the base station can notify the user equipment of the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameters through the broadcast channel.
  • the pilot structure of the broadcast channel needs to have a unified structure, for example, There is a pilot structure defined by LTE in the technology, so that all user equipments can receive the broadcast channel according to the unified pilot structure, thereby obtaining information such as the pilot structure parameters optimized by the base station.
  • the base station may use the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter to perform signal transmission on the downlink channel except the broadcast channel, such as the downlink control channel and the downlink shared channel, and after the user equipment obtains the scene optimized pilot structure parameter, according to the parameter pair
  • the downlink channel other than the broadcast channel performs channel estimation.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a downlink transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method includes:
  • Step 701 The base station determines, according to the scenario, the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter, and notifies the user equipment of the determined indication information of the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter by using the broadcast channel; the base station follows the scenario on the downlink channel except the broadcast channel. Optimized pilot structure parameters for signal transmission;
  • Step 702 The user equipment acquires the pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario, and performs channel estimation on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel according to the pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario.
  • the base station may send the number of the scene where the base station is located to the user equipment, and the user equipment obtains the pilot optimized structure parameter according to the corresponding relationship between the preset scene number and the scene optimized pilot structure parameter. Specifically include:
  • the base station optimizes the pilot structure of the determined scene through the broadcast channel.
  • the step of notifying the user equipment of the indication information may include: sending the number of the scenario where the base station is located to the user equipment in the cell in the cell;
  • the step of the user equipment acquiring the pilot-optimized pilot structure parameter may include: performing, by the user equipment, channel estimation on the broadcast channel, acquiring the number of the scene where the base station is located; and optimizing the pilot structure according to the preset scene number and the scene. Corresponding relationship of parameters, obtaining the pilot structure parameters optimized by the scene.
  • the foregoing method may further include: determining, by the base station, a typical scenario, where the scenario is: a high-speed mobile environment scenario, a typical urban scenario, a suburban rural scenario, a harsh urban zone scenario, and a hotspot scenario; determining a maximum multipath of each scenario Delay and the highest moving speed in the scene, calculate each scene according to the relationship between the pilot frequency domain interval and the maximum multipath delay that meets the system requirements, and the relationship between the pilot time domain interval and the highest moving speed that meet the system requirements.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval and the pilot time domain interval satisfying the system requirements are adjusted. According to the principle of convenient setting of the system parameters, the pilot frequency domain interval and the pilot time domain interval satisfying the system requirements in each scenario are adjusted, and the guidance of each scene is determined. Frequency domain interval and pilot time domain interval.
  • the step of determining the scenario optimized pilot structure parameters may specifically include:
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 360 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is an interval of two OFDM symbols (ie, 142 ⁇ ) or an interval of three OFDM symbols (ie, 213 ⁇ );
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 90 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 180 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms;
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 45 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms;
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 360 kHz.
  • the pilot time domain interval is lms.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a downlink transmission system, including:
  • a base station configured to determine, according to a scenario, a scenario optimized pilot structure parameter, notify, by using a broadcast channel, the indication information of the determined scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter to the user equipment; and is further configured to follow the downlink channel except the broadcast channel.
  • the scene optimized pilot structure parameters are used for signal transmission;
  • a user equipment configured to acquire a pilot structure parameter optimized by the scenario, and perform channel estimation on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel according to the optimized pilot structure parameter of the scenario.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a base station, including:
  • a determining module configured to determine a scenario optimized pilot structure parameter according to a scenario where the base station is located; and a notification module, configured to notify, by using a broadcast channel, the indication information of the determined scenario optimized pilot structure parameter to the user equipment by using a broadcast channel;
  • a transmitting module configured to perform signal transmission according to the pilot structure parameter optimized according to the scenario on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel.
  • the notification module may be configured to send the number of the scenario where the base station is located to the user equipment in the cell where the base station is located.
  • the selecting module may specifically include:
  • the calculation sub-module is used to determine a typical scenario.
  • the typical scenario is: a high-speed mobile environment scenario, a typical urban scenario, a suburban rural scenario, a harsh urban area or a hotspot scenario; determining a maximum multipath delay for each scenario and The highest moving speed in the scenario, according to the relationship between the pilot frequency domain interval and the maximum multipath delay that meets the system requirements, and the relationship between the pilot time domain interval and the highest moving speed that meet the system requirements, calculate the system requirements in each scenario. Pilot frequency domain spacing and pilot time domain spacing;
  • the adjustment submodule is configured to adjust the pilot frequency domain interval and the pilot time domain interval that meet the system requirements in each scenario according to the principle of convenient setting of the system parameters, and determine the guide of each scene. Frequency domain interval and pilot time domain interval.
  • the determining module may be specifically configured to:
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be
  • the pilot time domain interval is the interval of 2 OFDM symbols (ie 142 ⁇ ) or the interval of 3 OFDM symbols (ie 213 ⁇ );
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 90 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms.
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 180 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms;
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is determined to be 45 kHz, and the pilot time domain interval is 0.5 ms;
  • the pilot frequency domain interval is 360KHz
  • the pilot time domain interval is lms.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a user equipment, including: an obtaining module, configured to acquire a pilot structure parameter optimized by a scenario determined by a base station;
  • a channel estimation module configured to perform channel estimation on a downlink channel other than the broadcast channel according to the scenario optimized pilot structure parameter.
  • the acquiring module in the foregoing user equipment may be specifically configured to: perform channel estimation on a broadcast channel, obtain a number of a scene where the base station is located, and obtain a scenario determined by the base station according to a corresponding relationship between the pre-stored scene number and the scene-optimized pilot structure parameter. Optimized pilot structure parameters.
  • the method and system provided by the present invention optimize different pilot structure parameters for different scenarios according to different scenarios, and the base station selects corresponding pilot-optimized pilot structure parameters according to the scene, and notifies the user equipment through the broadcast channel. And transmitting, according to the pilot structure parameter optimized by the selected scenario, the downlink channel except the broadcast channel; the user equipment After receiving the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameters, the channel estimation method is adjusted, and channel estimation is performed on the downlink channel except the broadcast channel according to the scenario-optimized pilot structure parameter.
  • the scene optimization pilot structure parameters are designed for different scenarios, and the pilot overhead can be reduced and the spectrum utilization rate of the system can be improved under the premise of ensuring channel estimation quality.

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Description

一种下行传输的方法、 系统、 基站及用户设备
技术领域
本发明涉及宽带无线通信领域, 尤其涉及一种下行传输的方法、 系 统、 基站及用户设备。 发明背景 宽带无线通信将成为今后移动通信的主要发展方向。 在国际电联
( ITU ) 的国际高级移动通信( IMT- Advanced ) 系统中, 最大无线通信 的带宽可达 100MHz。 通过宽带无线通信, 用户可以享受高速的数据下 载, 网上购物, 移动视频聊天, 手机电视等众多的无线移动服务。 其最 大的传输速率可达 lGbps, 设计目标为满足用户对于无线移动通信的极 大需求。
IMT-Advanced 系统采用相干解调方式, 利用导频符号进行信道估 计。 导频符号占用时频资源中发射端和接收端已知的信号, 从而方便准 确地获得信道状态信息。 导频开销与信道状态有关, 信道状态决定了导 频开销。 导频占用时频资源太少会导致信道估计不准, 导频占用时频资 源太多则会导致资源浪费, 降低系统频谱利用率。
目前, 长期演进系统(LTE )给出了导频结构, 该导频结构没有考 虑不同应用场景(即信道状态), 而是仅按照典型城市场景 (TU )环境 能够支持的最高性能指标进行设计。 如图 1 ~图 1C所示, 图 1A至图 1C分别为现有技术单天线、 2天线和 4天线的导频结构示意图。由图 1A 可见, 单天线时导频符号的开销为整个下行资源的 5%; 由图 1B可见, 2天线时导频符号的开销为整个下行资源的 10%; 由图 1C可见, 4天线 时导频符号的开销为整个下行资源的 15%。
可见,上述 LTE提出的导频结构仅是针对 TU信道设计的,仅在 TU 信道中能够获得较好的性能和导频开销的折中, 但是, 这样的导频结构 应用于其它场景时就会带来系统性能下降或浪费导频开销的问题。 比如 在山区, 其基本特点是多径时延较长、 移动速度受限, 由于多径时延较 长时频率选择性较为显著, 需要导频符号在频域上的密度增加, 此时仍 使用与 TU信道环境匹配的导频结构就会导致系统性能下降; 又如在热 点地区, 其基本特点是多径时延较短, 移动速度很低, 频率选择性和时 间选择性都会明显下降, 可以大大降低导频符号在频域上的密度而不会 影响到系统性能, 此时仍使用与 TU信道环境匹配的导频结构就会浪费 导频开销。 发明内容
本发明实施例提出一种下行传输方法, 该方法能够在保证系统性能 的前提下减少导频开销, 提高系统资源利用率。
本发明实施例提出一种下行传输系统、 基站及用户设备, 能够在保 证系统性能的前提下减少导频开销, 提高系统资源利用率。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
一种下行传输的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
基站根据所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数, 通过广播信道将 确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设备; 基站在除 广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的导频结构参数进行信号 发射;
用户设备获取所述场景优化的导频结构参数, 根据所述场景优化的 导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。 一种下行传输的系统, 包括:
基站, 用于根据所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数, 通过广播 信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设备; 还 用于在除广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的导频结构参数 进行信号发射;
用户设备, 用于获取所述场景优化的导频结构参数, 根据所述场景 优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。
一种基站, 包括:
确定模块, 用于根据基站所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数; 通知模块, 用于通过广播信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数 的指示信息通知用户设备;
发射模块, 用于在除广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的 导频结构参数进行信号发射。
一种用户设备, 包括:
获取模块, 用于获取基站所确定的场景优化的导频结构参数; 信道估计模块, 用于根据场景优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以 外的下行信道进行信道估计。
可见, 本发明提出的方法、 系统、 基站及用户设备, 针对不同场景 选择相应的场景优化的导频结构参数, 将选择的场景优化的导频结构参 数通过广播信道通知用户设备, 在除广播信道以外的下行信道按照场景 优化的导频结构参数进行信号发射, 用户设备就可以根据场景优化的导 频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。 由于场景优化 的导频结构参数是针对不同场景设计的, 因而能够在保证系统性能的前 提下减少导频开销, 提高系统资源利用率。 附图简要说明
图 1A为现有技术单天线的导频结构示意图;
图 1B现有技术 2天线的导频结构示意图;
图 1C现有技术 4天线的导频结构示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例高速移动环境场景的单天线导频结构示意图; 图 3A为本发明实施例典型城市场景的单天线导频结构示意图; 图 3B为本发明实施例典型城市场景的 2天线导频结构示意图; 图 3C为本发明实施例典型城市场景的 4天线导频结构示意图; 图 4A为本发明实施例郊区乡村场景的单天线导频结构示意图; 图 4B为本发明实施例郊区乡村场景的 2天线导频结构示意图; 图 4C为本发明实施例郊区乡村场景的 4天线导频结构示意图; 图 5A为本发明实施例山区恶劣城区场景的单天线导频结构示意图; 图 5B为本发明实施例山区恶劣城区场景的 2天线导频结构示意图; 图 5C为本发明实施例山区恶劣城区场景的 4天线导频结构示意图; 图 6A为本发明实施例热点地区场景的单天线导频结构示意图; 图 6B为本发明实施例热点地区场景的 2天线导频结构示意图; 图 6C为本发明实施例热点地区场景的 4天线导频结构示意图; 图 7为本发明实施例下行传输方法的流程图。 实施本发明的方式
为了针对不同场景进行下行传输, 首先需要考虑与场景相关的导频 结构方案, 在不同场景下使用不同的导频结构。
导频结构参数包括: 频域间隔和时域间隔。 计频域间隔为 时域 间隔为 根据采样定理, 和 应满足如下关系式:
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中 皿为最大多径时延, 为最大多普勒扩展, 与场景中的 最高移动速度成正比。 ^和 A分别为频域过采样因子和时域过采样因 子, 一般地, 和 A约取 2时可以获得性能和导频开销较好的折中。
考虑五种典型场景: 高速移动环境(如高速铁路 /磁悬浮列车)、 典 型城市、 郊区乡村、 山区恶劣城区、 热点地区。 按照上述关系式计算不 同场景所需的导频结构参数。 参见表 1 , 表 1为五种典型场景的特点以 及因其特点所需的导频结构参数。
Figure imgf000007_0002
表 1
以高速移动环境为例, 其特点是多径时延较小, 一般小于 1.3 ^ ; 最高速度较大, 大于 350Km/h, 为了满足高速移动环境中系统信道估计 的性能, 其导频结构参数需满足一定的要求, 具体为: 导频频域间隔最 大为 450 KHz, 导频时域间隔最大为 450^。
为了 LTE的系统参数设置的方便以及保持系统性能的稳健性,对上 述表 1中满足系统要求的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔进行调整, 确定 每种场景的导频结构参数, 具体如表 2。 表 2中, 不同场景的导频频域 间隔及导频时域间隔一般成倍数关系, 并且满足表 1中不同场景所需导 频结构参数的要求。
Figure imgf000008_0001
表 2
综合表 1和表 2的内容可以看出,当应用场景中的多径时延越大时, 确定出的频域间隔越小, 即导频符号在频域上的密度越大, 例如, 在五 种典型场景中, 山区恶劣城区的多径时延最大( 10~20 s ), 确定出的频 域间隔最小(45KHz ), 即导频符号在频域上的密度最大; 当应用场景中 的最高移动速度越大时, 确定出的时域间隔越小, 即导频符号在时域上 的密度越大, 例如, 在五种典型场景中, 高速移动环境的最高移动速度 最大( > 350Km/h ), 确定出的时域间隔最小 或 213 ^ ), 即导频 符号在时域上的密度最大。 总之, 场景的应用环境越恶劣, 确定出导频 符号的密度越大。
以下针对上述五种典型场景分别描述:
(一) 高速移动环境, 比如高速铁路, 磁悬浮, 高速公路, 具有直 射径, 70%的接收信号能量由直射径获得, 因此在该场景中, 信道的相 关性很强, 多进多出 (MIMO ) 多流传输的性能不好, 使用单天线发射 即可, 或者使用波束赋形方法。 参见图 2, 图 2为本发明实施例高速移动环境场景的单天线导频结 构示意图。由图 2可见,导频频域间隔为 360KHz,导频时域间隔为 142^ (即 2个 OFDM符号的间隔长度)或 213 ^ (即 3个 OFDM的符号的 间隔长度)。 这种情况下单天线导频开销为 1.8%。
(二)典型城市场景, 由于高楼林立, 接收信号能量一般由反射径 获得, 时域扩展比较大, 移动速度受限, 一般不会超过 120Km/h, 因此 在该场景中, 可以使用 MIMO, 进行多流传输, 提高系统容量, 因此使 用多天线发射。
参见图 3A至图 3C, 图 3A至图 3C分别为本发明实施例典型城市 场景的单天线、2天线和 4天线导频结构示意图。由图 3A至图 3C可见, 导频频域间隔为 90KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms。 其中, 2天线的情况 是主要考虑的情况, 在一般的城市环境中, 不能确保可以支持 4个流。 单天线导频开销为 2.4%, 2天线导频开销为 4.8%。
(三) 郊区乡村, 无线信号一般会经过树木和低矮房屋的折射或反 射, 能量一般由反射径获得, 由于高楼较少, 时域扩展比较小, 移动速 度受限, 一般不会超过 120Km/h, 因此在该场景中, 可以使用 MIMO, 进行多流传输, 提高系统容量, 因此使用多天线发射。
参见图 4A至图 4C, 图 4A至图 4C分别为本发明实施例郊区乡村 场景的单天线、2天线和 4天线导频结构示意图。由图 4 A至图 4C可见, 导频频域间隔为 180KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms。 其中, 2天线的情况 是主要考虑的情况, 在一般的乡村环境中, 不能确保可以支持 4个流。 单天线导频开销为 1.2%, 2天线导频开销为 2.4%。
(四) 山区恶劣城区, 无线信号一般会经过远山或者远处高楼的反 射, 时域扩展大, 移动速度受限, 一般不会超过 120Km/h, 因此在该场 景中, OFDM符号应使用长 CP可以避免符号间干扰, 可以使用发射分 集或者 MIMO进行多流传输, 提高系统容量, 因此使用多天线发射。 参见图 5A至图 5C, 图 5A至图 5C分别为本发明实施例山区恶劣 城区场景的单天线、 2天线和 4天线导频结构示意图。 由图 5A至图 5C 可见, 导频频域间隔为 45KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms。 其中, 2天线 的配置是主要考虑的情况。 单天线导频开销为 6.67% , 2 天线开销为 13.3%。
(五)热点地带, 终端一般处于静止状态, 或者是游牧状态, 用户 处于富反射体环境中, 无线信号一般会经过周围物体反射, 信道相关性 较小, 可以使用 MIMO进行多流传输, 提高系统容量, 因此使用多天线 发射; 覆盖面积小, 时延扩展小, 移动速度受限, 一般不会超过 5Km/h。 因此在该场景中, OFDM符号可以使用更短的 CP长度可以提高频谱利 用率。
参见图 6A至图 6C, 图 6A至图 6C分别为本发明实施例热点地区 场景的单天线、2天线和 4天线导频结构示意图。由图 6A至图 6C可见, 导频频域间隔为 360KHz, 导频时域间隔为 lms。 其中, 4天线配置是主 要考虑的情况, 在热点地带具有富反射体, 能够提供较多的空间径, 在 该配置下可以获得峰值速率。 单天线导频开销为 0.3%, 2天线为 0.6%, 4天线为 1.2%。
基站根据自身所在场景, 可以选择相应的场景优化的导频结构参 数, 并按照场景优化的导频结构参数进行信号发射。 这里, 基站选择场 景优化的导频结构参数可以由人工进行选择, 也可以由基站自行选择。
由于用户设备在接收到信号后, 需要知道导频结构参数, 也就是知 道导频符号所在位置, 才能够正确进行解调, 因此, 基站必须将选择的 场景优化的导频结构参数通知用户设备。 以下介绍通知的方式。 在此之 前, 有必要首先对下行信道作筒单介绍: 下行信道可以分为广播信道、 下行控制信道和下行共享信道, 其中, 广播信道将系统的基本信息发送 给本小区内的所有用户设备, 包含了用户设备接入小区、 进行小区选择 和重选过程中最重要的系统信息。 因此, 基站可以通过广播信道将场景 优化的导频结构参数通知用户设备。
另外, 由于用户设备在接收广播之前并不知道基站选择的场景优化 的导频结构参数, 因此, 为了保证广播信道接收的可靠性, 广播信道的 导频结构需要具有统一的结构, 比如, 采用现有技术中 LTE规定的导频 结构, 这样所有的用户设备就能够根据统一的导频结构进行广播信道的 接收, 从而获取基站选择的场景优化的导频结构参数等信息。 基站在除 广播信道以外的下行信道上, 如下行控制信道和下行共享信道上, 可以 采用场景优化的导频结构参数进行信号发射, 用户设备获取场景优化的 导频结构参数后, 根据该参数对广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估 计。
综上, 总结本发明实施例提出一种下行传输的方法, 参见图 7, 图 7 为本发明实施例下行传输方法的流程图, 该方法包括:
步骤 701: 基站根据所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数, 通过 广播信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设 备; 基站在除广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的导频结构参 数进行信号发射;
步骤 702: 用户设备获取所述场景优化的导频结构参数, 根据所述 场景优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。
上述方法中, 基站可以将基站所在场景的编号发送给用户设备, 用 户设备根据预先保存的场景编号和场景优化的导频结构参数的对应关 系, 获取场景优化的导频结构参数。 具体包括:
步骤 701中, 基站通过广播信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参 数的指示信息通知用户设备的步骤可以包括: 将基站所在场景的编号发 送给所在小区内的用户设备;
步骤 702中, 用户设备获取场景优化的导频结构参数的步骤可以包 括:用户设备对广播信道进行信道估计,获取所述基站所在场景的编号; 根据预先保存的场景编号与场景优化的导频结构参数的对应关系, 获取 场景优化的导频结构参数。
另外, 上述方法之前可以进一步包括: 基站确定典型场景, 所述典 型场景为: 高速移动环境场景、 典型城市场景、 郊区乡村场景、 山区恶 劣城区场景和热点地区场景; 确定每个场景的最大多径时延和在场景中 的最高移动速度, 根据满足系统要求的导频频域间隔与最大多径时延的 关系、 以及满足系统要求的导频时域间隔与最高移动速度的关系, 计算 每个场景中满足系统要求的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔; 按照系统参 数设置方便的原则, 调整每个场景中满足系统要求的导频频域间隔和导 频时域间隔, 确定每个场景的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔。
确定场景优化的导频结构参数的步骤具体可以包括:
当基站所在场景为高速移动环境场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 360KHz, 导频时域间隔为 2个 OFDM符号的间隔(即 142^ )或 3个 OFDM符号的间隔(即 213 ^ );
当基站所在场景为典型城市场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 90KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms;
当基站所在场景为郊区乡村场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 180KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms;
当基站所在场景为山区恶劣城区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 45KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms;
当基站所在场景为热点地区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 360KHz, 导频时域间隔为 lms。
本发明实施例还提出一种下行传输的系统, 包括:
基站, 用于根据所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数, 通过广播 信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设备; 还 用于在除广播信道以外的下线信道按照所述场景优化的导频结构参数 进行信号发射;
用户设备, 用于获取所述场景优化的导频结构参数, 根据所述场景 优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。
本发明实施例还提出一种基站, 包括:
确定模块, 用于根据基站所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数; 通知模块, 用于通过广播信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数 的指示信息通知用户设备;
发射模块, 用于在除广播信道以外的下线信道按照所述场景优化的 导频结构参数进行信号发射。
上述基站中, 通知模块可以用于, 将基站所在场景的编号发送给基 站所在小区内的用户设备。
上述基站中, 选择模块具体可以包括:
计算子模块, 用于确定典型场景, 所述典型场景为: 高速移动环境 场景、 典型城市场景、 郊区乡村场景、 山区恶劣城区场景或热点地区场 景; 确定每个场景的最大多径时延和在场景中的最高移动速度, 根据满 足系统要求的导频频域间隔与最大多径时延的关系、 以及满足系统要求 的导频时域间隔与最高移动速度的关系, 计算每个场景中满足系统要求 的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔;
调整子模块, 用于按照系统参数设置方便的原则, 调整上述每个场 景中满足系统要求的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔, 确定每个场景的导 频频域间隔和导频时域间隔。
上述基站中, 确定模块具体可以用于:
当基站所在场景为高速移动环境场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为
360KHz, 导频时域间隔为 2个 OFDM符号的间隔(即 142^ )或 3个 OFDM符号的间隔(即 213 ^ );
当基站所在场景为典型城市场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 90KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms;
当基站所在场景为郊区乡村场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 180KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms;
当基站所在场景为山区恶劣城区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 45KHz, 导频时域间隔为 0.5ms;
当基站所在场景为热点地区场景时, 选择导频频域间隔为 360KHz, 导频时域间隔为 lms。
本发明实施例还提出一种用户设备, 包括: 获取模块, 用于获取基 站所确定的场景优化的导频结构参数;
信道估计模块, 用于根据场景优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以 外的下行信道进行信道估计。
上述用户设备中的获取模块具体可以用于: 对广播信道进行信道估 计, 获取基站所在场景的编号; 根据预先保存的场景编号与场景优化的 导频结构参数的对应关系, 获取基站所确定的场景优化的导频结构参 数。
综上可见, 本发明提出的方法和系统, 针对不同场景设计不同的场 景优化导频结构参数, 基站根据所在场景选择相应的场景优化的导频结 构参数, 并将该参数通过广播信道通知用户设备, 在除广播信道以外的 下行信道按照选择的场景优化的导频结构参数进行信号发射; 用户设备 接收到场景优化的导频结构参数后, 调整信道估计方法, 根据场景优化 的导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。 本发明中 场景优化导频结构参数是针对不同场景设计的, 在保证信道估计质量的 前提下, 能够减少导频开销, 提高系统的频谱利用率。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种下行传输的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
基站根据所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数, 通过广播信道将 确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设备; 基站在除 广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的导频结构参数进行信号 发射;
用户设备获取所述场景优化的导频结构参数, 根据所述场景优化的 导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基站通过广播信 道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设备的步 骤包括: 将基站所在场景的编号发送给所在小区内的用户设备;
所述用户设备获取场景优化的导频结构参数的步骤包括: 用户设备 对广播信道进行信道估计, 获取所述基站所在场景的编号; 根据预先保 存的场景编号与场景优化的导频结构参数的对应关系, 获取场景优化的 导频结构参数。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法之前进一步 包括:
基站确定典型场景, 所述典型场景为: 高速移动环境场景、 典型城 市场景、 郊区乡村场景、 山区恶劣城区场景或热点地区场景; 确定每个 场景的最大多径时延和在场景中的最高移动速度, 根据满足系统要求的 导频频域间隔与最大多径时延的关系、 以及满足系统要求的导频时域间 隔与最高移动速度的关系, 计算每个场景中满足系统要求的导频频域间 隔和导频时域间隔; 按照系统参数设置方便的原则, 调整每个场景中满 足系统要求的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔, 确定每个场景的导频频域 间隔和导频时域间隔。
4、根据权利要求 1或 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述基站根据所 在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数的步骤包括:
当基站所在场景为高速移动环境场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 360 千赫兹, 导频时域间隔为 2个 OFDM符号的间隔或 3个 OFDM符号的 间隔;
当基站所在场景为典型城市场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 90 千赫 兹, 导频时域间隔为 0.5毫秒;
当基站所在场景为郊区乡村场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 180千赫 兹, 导频时域间隔为 0.5毫秒;
当基站所在场景为山区恶劣城区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 45 千赫兹, 导频时域间隔为 0.5毫秒;
当基站所在场景为热点地区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 360千赫 兹, 导频时域间隔为 1毫秒。
5、 一种下行传输的系统, 其特征在于, 所述系统包括:
基站, 用于根据所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数, 通过广播 信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数的指示信息通知用户设备; 还 用于在除广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的导频结构参数 进行信号发射;
用户设备, 用于获取所述场景优化的导频结构参数, 根据所述场景 优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以外的下行信道进行信道估计。
6、 一种基站, 其特征在于, 所述基站包括:
确定模块, 用于根据基站所在场景确定场景优化的导频结构参数; 通知模块, 用于通过广播信道将确定出的场景优化的导频结构参数 的指示信息通知用户设备; 发射模块, 用于在除广播信道以外的下行信道按照所述场景优化的 导频结构参数进行信号发射。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述通知模块, 用于 将基站所在场景的编号发送给基站所在小区内的用户设备。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述确定模块包括: 计算子模块, 用于确定典型场景, 所述典型场景为: 高速移动环境 场景、 典型城市场景、 郊区乡村场景、 山区恶劣城区场景或热点地区场 景; 确定每个场景的最大多径时延和在场景中的最高移动速度, 根据满 足系统要求的导频频域间隔与最大多径时延的关系、 以及满足系统要求 的导频时域间隔与最高移动速度的关系, 计算每个场景中满足系统要求 的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔;
调整子模块, 用于按照系统参数设置方便的原则, 调整上述每个场 景中满足系统要求的导频频域间隔和导频时域间隔, 确定每个场景的导 频频域间隔和导频时域间隔。
9、根据权利要求 6或 8所述的基站, 其特征在于, 所述确定模块用 于,
当基站所在场景为高速移动环境场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 360 千赫兹, 导频时域间隔为 2个 OFDM符号的间隔或 3个 OFDM符号的 间隔;
当基站所在场景为典型城市场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 90 千赫 兹, 导频时域间隔为 0.5毫秒;
当基站所在场景为郊区乡村场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 180千赫 兹, 导频时域间隔为 0.5毫秒;
当基站所在场景为山区恶劣城区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 45 千赫兹, 导频时域间隔为 0.5毫秒; 当基站所在场景为热点地区场景时, 确定导频频域间隔为 360千赫 兹, 导频时域间隔为 1毫秒。
10、 一种用户设备, 其特征在于, 所述用户设备包括:
获取模块, 用于获取基站所确定的场景优化的导频结构参数; 信道估计模块, 用于根据场景优化的导频结构参数对除广播信道以 外的下行信道进行信道估计。
11、根据权利要求 10所述的用户设备,其特征在于,所述获取模块, 用于对广播信道进行信道估计, 获取基站所在场景的编号; 根据预先保 存的场景编号与场景优化的导频结构参数的对应关系, 获取基站所确定 的场景优化的导频结构参数。
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