WO2009135968A1 - Cutting system for producing diaphragm walls - Google Patents

Cutting system for producing diaphragm walls Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009135968A1
WO2009135968A1 PCT/ES2009/000174 ES2009000174W WO2009135968A1 WO 2009135968 A1 WO2009135968 A1 WO 2009135968A1 ES 2009000174 W ES2009000174 W ES 2009000174W WO 2009135968 A1 WO2009135968 A1 WO 2009135968A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
lateral
milling
milling system
carriage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2009/000174
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Conrad CARBONELL LÓPEZ
Original Assignee
Ack 90, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ack 90, S.L. filed Critical Ack 90, S.L.
Publication of WO2009135968A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009135968A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/13—Foundation slots or slits; Implements for making these slots or slits
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E02F3/205—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels with a pair of digging wheels, e.g. slotting machines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/22—Component parts

Definitions

  • the present invention is referred to as its title indicates a milling system for the realization of screen walls.
  • bivalve spoons that are suspended from a cable or mechanical arm are known and move vertically to get the spoon to bite the ground and remove the soil.
  • the use of these bivalve spoons presents several drawbacks / among which it is worth highlighting the difficulty of making vertical walls especially when working at a high depth.
  • the mechanical arm for handling the spoon describes a radius in the descent of the spoon, which makes it difficult to maintain the verticality and orientation of said spoon.
  • the use of these spoons is limited in depth and is not effective in hard terrain such as rock or similar formations, having that combine its use with other systems such as mechanical treps in phases of chopping and extraction, with the consequent noise and vibration and lack of accuracy of the plant to be carried out, which in all cases depends on the skill of the driver.
  • Another known system is the so-called hydro-presses that comprise a frame of very high dimensions and weight, of the order of 16 meters high and 16 tons in weight, said frame being carrier of some large-sized drills to remove the ground.
  • water mixed with extraction sludge is used and pumped to the surface.
  • Other systems used to perform this type of excavation or wells are the so-called pilots that comprise a continuous auger system that is introduced into the ground in all or part of its length.
  • hydrojets that inject water at high pressures into the side walls by cutting and removing the sludge.
  • the milling system object of the invention belongs to the group of the aforementioned hydro-presses and is of the type comprising a frame provided with means for fixing in a suspended position of lifting means associated with a maneuvering machine and milling cutters associated with said frame, used in combination with the traditional pumping devices for the extraction of the generated sludge.
  • the milling system object of this invention presents a series of constructive particularities oriented to guarantee its correct positioning automatically, ensuring the verticality and flatness of the excavation carried out and to avoid the deviations or lateral inclinations during the milling operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to achieve immobilization of the frame, once positioned with the appropriate verticality and orientation, with respect to the side walls of the excavation to obtain, on one hand, the lateral compression and stabilization of said walls and, of On the other hand, to avoid that the strawberries can cause a misalignment of the frame, for example when acting these strawberries on materials of different hardnesses.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide the milling system with suitable means to cause a controlled movement of the cutters with respect to the frame, in the vertical direction and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction.
  • the vertical movement of the strawberries allows them to deepen the ground while the frame remains motionless; and the lateral and / or longitudinal movement of the cutters allows the lower end of the excavation carried out laterally and / or longitudinally in order to allow the definition in the screen wall of a seat shoe.
  • the possibility of shaping this lower broadening in the excavation to form a shoe allows the depth of excavation to be reduced, in relation to other techniques that do not allow the realization of the shoe and force work by shaft, with a greater depth than required.
  • the frame comprises lateral thrusters associated with independent drive means and movable in a substantially horizontal direction for the centering and immobilization of the frame with respect to the lateral walls of the excavation during the ground milling.
  • Said side pushers may adopt different configurations, having provided that in one embodiment they are composed of vertical plates that, when driven, protrude laterally from the frame and act frontally against the lateral walls of the ground, causing their compaction and stabilization.
  • independent drive means for the aforementioned pushers allows each of the pushers to protrude laterally to a greater or lesser extent to perform a certain positioning of the frame in collaboration with control means, which will be mentioned later.
  • the milling cutters are associated to the frame by means of moving said milling cutters in the vertical direction and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction.
  • These means of movement of the milling cutters in the vertical direction, and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction are those that allow said milling cutters to act vertically on the ground while the frame remains immobilized on the lateral walls of the ground by the action of the mentioned lateral pushers and that said milling cutters move laterally or longitudinally to widen the pit in those areas where it is desired to provide the screen wall with a greater width, to form reinforcements or support shoes.
  • One of the relevant advantages of the invention is that the immobilization of the frame during milling and the possibility of vertical displacement of the strawberries with respect to the frame, allows the milling system to have a reduced weight and dimensions, since it is not the weight itself and length of the set which causes the descent and guidance of the strawberries, as in the current systems.
  • This significant reduction in weight and dimensions allows the milling system to be introduced into existing buildings (basements, ground floors, subway stations, etc.) to make overhang walls of existing buildings or to make basements without destruction of the upper floors, as well as in public works, without the need for heavy machines that necessarily have to work on the surface with the previous destruction of the elements.
  • the device can work to the limit of facades and even under the walls, to enhance them. In previous systems it is not possible, since the machine must be able to run freely through the vertical wall to be made.
  • the milling system comprises a device for controlling verticality and lateral rotation, with respect to the vertical axis of the frame, said milling system comprising position sensors connected to control means for automatic and independent actuation of the side pushers and the lifting means of the frame.
  • These position sensors comprise in one embodiment gyroscopes and inclinometers conveniently positioned in the frame.
  • the vertical displacement means of the milling cutters with respect to the frame comprise a vertical displacement carriage mounted on frame guides and associated with drive means, which can be hydraulic cylinders or other means capable of causing the vertical displacement of said carriage.
  • the means of movement of the milling cutters in the lateral direction comprise a lateral displacement carriage mounted on the vertical displacement carriage, and associated with drive means.
  • the lateral displacement carriage is mounted on the vertical displacement carriage by means of pairs of parallel connecting rods that conform with said two deformable parallelograms, the actuating means being formed by hydraulic cylinders acting on said deformable parallelograms.
  • the means of movement of the milling cutters in the longitudinal direction comprise a carriage of longitudinal displacement, carrier of said milling cutters, and mounted on longitudinal guides of the carriage of lateral displacement; said longitudinal displacement car being associated with some associated with drive means, such as hydraulic cylinders or any others capable of causing its longitudinal displacement.
  • the vertical, lateral and / or longitudinal drive means of the cutters are composed of spindles driven by an electric motor, which provide greater accuracy in movements than the hydraulic cylinders mentioned above.
  • This milling system comprises an outer chassis provided with hooks for coupling to a transport machine and supply of the hydraulic working power, said outer chassis acting adidonally as a support element of the frame and as a guiding element of said frame in the initial phase excavation
  • Said outer chassis comprises supports for the winches associated with the vertical displacement cables of the frame lifting and supply of hydraulic, electric, control and mud extraction hoses.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic profile view of the milling system in which the outer chassis has been vertically sectioned to allow observation of the inner frame and the elements associated therewith.
  • Figure 2 shows a front view of the milling system without the outer chassis.
  • Figure 3 shows a view analogous to the previous one, in which the frame has been sectioned by a vertical plane to allow the observation of the means of vertical, lateral and longitudinal displacement of the milling cutters, and of the actuation means of the lateral pushers.
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of the milling system without the outer chassis and sectioned by a vertical plane.
  • Figure 5 corresponds to the section marked A-A in Figure 3.
  • Figure 6 corresponds to the section marked BB in Figure 2.
  • Figure 7 shows two profile views of the lower end of the milling system with the milling cutters facing opposite sides.
  • Figure 8 shows an elevation view of the milling system without the outer chassis and with the cutters shown, with full stroke and with broken line, in two extreme longitudinal positions.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic profile of the milling system coupled by means of the outer chassis to a conventional transport and power supply machine, during the excavation and shaping of the lower broadening for the construction of a wall support shoe. screen.
  • the frame has been shown in an initial upper position and a lower position, during the conformation of the lower widening for the shoe.
  • the milling system comprises a frame (1) on which side pushers (2) are mounted as vertical plates, independently operable by means (21) of actuation, represented in This exemplary embodiment by hydraulic cylinders.
  • a carriage (5) of lateral displacement On the lower end of the carriage (4) of vertical displacement a carriage (5) of lateral displacement is mounted, by means of pairs of parallel connecting rods (51) that together with the carriage (4) and the carriage (5) ), deformable parallelograms, which allow the carriage (5) to move towards the sides of the frame (1).
  • This lateral displacement of the carriage (5) is caused by drive means (52) represented by hydraulic cylinders acting on said deformable parallelograms.
  • a carriage (6) of longitudinal displacement, carrier of the rotating milling cutters (7) On the carriage (5) of lateral displacement is mounted a carriage (6) of longitudinal displacement, carrier of the rotating milling cutters (7).
  • the carriage (6) is associated with drive means (61) represented in this exemplary embodiment by hydraulic cylinders that allow the longitudinal displacement of the carriage (6) and the milling cutters (7), mounted thereon, in the direction longitudinal.
  • the frame (1) has hooks (11) superiorly for its fastening in lifting means (13), represented by lifting cables driven by winches, which allow the milling system to be moved vertically during use.
  • This milling system additionally comprises a device for controlling verticality and lateral rotation, relative to the vertical axis, of the frame (1).
  • This control device comprises position sensors (12) represented by inclinometers coupled to the hooks (11) and a gyroscope mounted on the frame (1).
  • Said position sensors (12) are connected to a control circuit of the side pushers (2) and of the lifting means (13) allowing precise positioning and immobilization of the frame (1), both vertically and horizontally, and in line with the walls to perform during the milling of the ground.
  • this milling system has an outer chassis (14) that includes the winch supports and supply of both hydraulic and mud extraction hoses, as well as control, and the appropriate hooks for its coupling to a machine commercial that allows the transport of the set and provide the milling system with the hydraulic working power.
  • the outer chassis (14) is the initial working guide for the milling system that is guided with a laser telemetry system for the exact location of the screen to be made.
  • This outer chassis avoids the construction of guide walls for guiding the milling system, since this outer chassis acts as a guiding system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)

Abstract

Said system comprises a frame (1) provided with means (11) for fastening same, in a suspended position, from elevator means (13), lateral thrusters (2) associated with independent-actuation means (21) for centring and immobilizing the frame (1) vis-à-vis the lateral walls of the excavation, during cutting, and cutters (7) associated with the frame (1) via means for displacement in the vertical direction and in the lateral direction and/or longitudinal direction. Said system additionally comprises a device for controlling verticality and lateral rotation with respect to the vertical axis of the frame (1) and an external chassis (14) for coupling thereof to a machine (9) for transportation and for supply of the working power.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
SISTEMA FRESADOR PARA LA REALIZACIÓN DE MUROS PANTALLA.MILLING SYSTEM FOR THE REALIZATION OF WALLS DISPLAY.
Objeto de la invenciónObject of the invention
La presente invención se refiere como su título indica a un sistema fresador para la realización de muros pantalla.The present invention is referred to as its title indicates a milling system for the realization of screen walls.
Antecedentes de la invención. La construcción de parkings subterráneos, estaciones de metro y tren así como otras obras por debajo del nivel del suelo requieren la excavación previa de un pozo rectangular o de diferentes formas para construir un muro de hormigón armado que actúa como elemento de contención de tierras y soporte de estructuras. Actualmente se utilizan diferentes sistemas para el excavado de estos pozos.Background of the invention. The construction of underground car parks, subway and train stations as well as other works below ground level require the prior excavation of a rectangular well or of different shapes to build a reinforced concrete wall that acts as a containment element for land and support of structures. Currently different systems are used for the excavation of these wells.
Así por ejemplo son conocidas las cucharas bivalvas que se suspenden de un cable o brazo mecánico y que se desplaza verticalmente para conseguir que la cuchara vaya mordiendo el terreno y extrayendo la tierra. La utilización de estas cucharas bivalvas presenta diversos inconvenientes/ entre los que cabe destacar la dificultad para realizar paramentos verticales especialmente cuando se trabaja a una elevada profundidad. A parte, el brazo mecánico para el manejo de la cuchara describe un radio en el descenso de la cuchara con lo que resulta difícil mantener la verticalidad y orientación de dicha cuchara. La utilización de estas cucharas está limitada en profundidad y no resulta efectiva en terrenos duros como roca o formaciones similares, teniendo que combinar su utilización con otros sistemas tales como trépanos mecánicos en fases de picado y extracción, con los consiguientes ruidos y vibraciones y faltas de exactitud de la planta a realizar que, en todos los casos depende de la habilidad del maquinista. Otro sistema conocido son las denominadas hidrofresas que comprenden un bastidor de dimensiones y peso muy elevados, del orden de 16 metros de altura y 16 toneladas de peso, siendo dicho bastidor portador de unas fresas de grandes dimensiones para remover el terreno.Thus, for example, bivalve spoons that are suspended from a cable or mechanical arm are known and move vertically to get the spoon to bite the ground and remove the soil. The use of these bivalve spoons presents several drawbacks / among which it is worth highlighting the difficulty of making vertical walls especially when working at a high depth. In addition, the mechanical arm for handling the spoon describes a radius in the descent of the spoon, which makes it difficult to maintain the verticality and orientation of said spoon. The use of these spoons is limited in depth and is not effective in hard terrain such as rock or similar formations, having that combine its use with other systems such as mechanical treps in phases of chopping and extraction, with the consequent noise and vibration and lack of accuracy of the plant to be carried out, which in all cases depends on the skill of the driver. Another known system is the so-called hydro-presses that comprise a frame of very high dimensions and weight, of the order of 16 meters high and 16 tons in weight, said frame being carrier of some large-sized drills to remove the ground.
Estas hidrofresas requieren una maquinaria de 65 a 85 toneladas para su maniobra así como grúas de grandes dimensiones lo que complica el transporte y la utilización en obra.These hydrofores require a machinery of 65 to 85 tons for their maneuver as well as large cranes which complicates transport and use on site.
Cabe destacar que las elevadas dimensiones de las hidrofresas como de la maquinaria necesaria para su manejo impide que se puedan introducir y utilizar en sótanos o parkings subterráneos. Estas fresas necesitan un gran par de giro para compensar el rozamiento producido en las paredes y el guiado más o menos vertical se consigue con la longitud del cuerpo o bastidor, pero ello no impide el deslizamiento lateral del bastidor a medida que se va alcanzando una mayor profundidad en el terreno. Otro inconveniente es que no se consigue el fresado de la zona de soporte de tambores ya que no es posible el paso de dientes por dicha zona y en terrenos duros es un problema difícil de resolver que obliga a hacer unos soportes menos robustos para la potencia utilizada.It should be noted that the high dimensions of the hydrofores as of the machinery necessary for their management prevents them from being introduced and used in basements or underground parkings. These drills need a large torque to compensate for the friction produced on the walls and the more or less vertical guidance is achieved with the length of the body or frame, but this does not prevent the lateral sliding of the frame as it reaches a greater depth in the ground Another drawback is that milling of the drum support area is not achieved since it is not possible to pass teeth through said area and in hard terrain it is a difficult problem to solve that requires less robust supports for the power used .
En combinación con estas hidrofresas y para realizar la extracción de la tierra removida por las fresas se utiliza agua mezclada con lodos de extracción y se bombean hasta la superficie. Otros sistemas utilizados para realizar este tipo de excavaciones o pozos son los denominados pilotajes que comprenden un sistema de barrena continua que se introduce en el terreno en la totalidad o parte de su longitud.In combination with these hydrofores and to carry out the extraction of the earth removed by the strawberries, water mixed with extraction sludge is used and pumped to the surface. Other systems used to perform this type of excavation or wells are the so-called pilots that comprise a continuous auger system that is introduced into the ground in all or part of its length.
También son conocidos los sistemas denominados hidrojets que inyectan agua a grandes presiones en las paredes laterales cortándolas y extrayendo los lodos.Also known are systems called hydrojets that inject water at high pressures into the side walls by cutting and removing the sludge.
La utilización de estas hidrofresas también presenta el inconveniente de que el pozo excavado presenta en toda su longitud una sección más o menos uniforme/ lo que impide conformar en el extremo inferior del pozo una cavidad de mayor superficie para la conformación de zapatas de sustentación del muro o pantalla. Esto determina con frecuencia que el pozo deba de tener una profundidad muy elevada, especialmente en terrenos de baja consistencia para garantizar su sustentación sobre el terreno sin la utilización de zapatas inferiores de apoyo.The use of these hydrofores also has the disadvantage that the excavated well has a more or less uniform section throughout its length / which prevents forming a cavity with a larger surface for the conformation of wall support shoes at the lower end of the well or screen This often determines that the well must have a very high depth, especially in low consistency so as to guarantee its support on the ground without the use of lower support shoes.
Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention
El sistema fresador objeto de la invención pertenece al grupo de las hidrofresas mencionadas anteriormente y es del tipo de los que comprenden un bastidor provisto de unos medios para fijación en posición suspendida de unos medios elevadores asociados a una máquina de maniobra y unas fresas asociadas al mencionado bastidor, utilizándose en combinación con los tradicionales dispositivos de bombeo para la extracción de los lodos generados.The milling system object of the invention belongs to the group of the aforementioned hydro-presses and is of the type comprising a frame provided with means for fixing in a suspended position of lifting means associated with a maneuvering machine and milling cutters associated with said frame, used in combination with the traditional pumping devices for the extraction of the generated sludge.
El sistema fresador objeto de esta invención presenta una serie de particularidades constructivas orientadas a garantizar su correcto posicionamiento de forma automática, asegurando la verticalidad y planitud de la excavación realizada y a evitar los desvíos o inclinaciones laterales durante la operación de fresado.The milling system object of this invention presents a series of constructive particularities oriented to guarantee its correct positioning automatically, ensuring the verticality and flatness of the excavation carried out and to avoid the deviations or lateral inclinations during the milling operation.
Otro de los objetivos de la invención es conseguir la inmovilización del bastidor, una vez posicionado con la verticalidad y orientación adecuadas, respecto a las paredes laterales de la excavación para obtener, de una parte, la compresión lateral y estabilización de dichas paredes y, de otra parte, evitar que las fresas se puedan provocar una desalineación del bastidor, por ejemplo al actuar dichas fresas sobre materiales de diferentes durezas.Another object of the invention is to achieve immobilization of the frame, once positioned with the appropriate verticality and orientation, with respect to the side walls of the excavation to obtain, on one hand, the lateral compression and stabilization of said walls and, of On the other hand, to avoid that the strawberries can cause a misalignment of the frame, for example when acting these strawberries on materials of different hardnesses.
Otra de los objetivos de la invención es dotar al sistema fresador de unos medios adecuados para provocar un desplazamiento controlado de las fresas respecto al bastidor, en dirección vertical y en dirección lateral y/o longitudinal. El movimiento vertical de las fresas permite que estas profundicen en el terreno mientras el bastidor permanece inmóvil; y el movimiento lateral y/o longitudinal de las fresas permite ensanchar lateral y/o longitudinalmente el extremo inferior de la excavación realizada con el fin de permitir la definición en el muro pantalla de una zapata de asiento. La posibilidad de conformar este ensanchamiento inferior en la excavación para conformar una zapata permite disminuyendo la profundidad de excavación, en relación con otras técnicas que no permiten la realización de la zapata y obligan a trabajar por fuste, con una mayor profundidad de la requerida.Another object of the invention is to provide the milling system with suitable means to cause a controlled movement of the cutters with respect to the frame, in the vertical direction and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction. The vertical movement of the strawberries allows them to deepen the ground while the frame remains motionless; and the lateral and / or longitudinal movement of the cutters allows the lower end of the excavation carried out laterally and / or longitudinally in order to allow the definition in the screen wall of a seat shoe. The possibility of shaping this lower broadening in the excavation to form a shoe allows the depth of excavation to be reduced, in relation to other techniques that do not allow the realization of the shoe and force work by shaft, with a greater depth than required.
Para conseguir los objetivos propuestos, y de acuerdo con la invención, el bastidor comprende unos empujadores laterales asociados a unos medios de accionamiento independiente y desplazables en una dirección sensiblemente horizontal para el centraje e inmovilización del bastidor respecto a las paredes latearles de la excavación durante el fresado del terreno. Dichos empujadores laterales pueden adoptar diferentes configuraciones, habiéndose previsto que en una realización estén compuestas por unas placas verticales que al ser accionadas sobresalen lateralmente del bastidor y actúan frontalmente contra las paredes laterales del terreno, provocando su compactación y estabilización. La utilización de medios de accionamiento independiente para los mencionados empujadores permite que cada uno de los empujadores sobresalga lateralmente en mayor o menor medida para realizar un determinado posicionamiento del bastidor en colaboración con unos medios de control, que se mencionarán más adelante. Según la invención, las fresas están asociadas al bastidor por unos medios de desplazamiento de dichas fresas en dirección vertical y en dirección lateral y/o longitudinal.In order to achieve the proposed objectives, and according to the invention, the frame comprises lateral thrusters associated with independent drive means and movable in a substantially horizontal direction for the centering and immobilization of the frame with respect to the lateral walls of the excavation during the ground milling. Said side pushers may adopt different configurations, having provided that in one embodiment they are composed of vertical plates that, when driven, protrude laterally from the frame and act frontally against the lateral walls of the ground, causing their compaction and stabilization. The use of independent drive means for the aforementioned pushers allows each of the pushers to protrude laterally to a greater or lesser extent to perform a certain positioning of the frame in collaboration with control means, which will be mentioned later. According to the invention, the milling cutters are associated to the frame by means of moving said milling cutters in the vertical direction and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction.
Estos medios de desplazamiento de las fresas en dirección vertical, y en dirección lateral y/o longitudinal son las que permiten que dichas fresas actúen verticalmente sobre el terreno mientras el bastidor permanece inmovilizado sobre las paredes laterales del terreno por la acción de los empujadores laterales mencionados y que dichas fresas se desplacen lateral o longitudinalmente para ensanchar el foso en aquellas zonas en las que se desee proporcionar al muro pantalla una mayor anchura, para conformar refuerzos o zapatas de apoyo.These means of movement of the milling cutters in the vertical direction, and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction are those that allow said milling cutters to act vertically on the ground while the frame remains immobilized on the lateral walls of the ground by the action of the mentioned lateral pushers and that said milling cutters move laterally or longitudinally to widen the pit in those areas where it is desired to provide the screen wall with a greater width, to form reinforcements or support shoes.
Una de las ventajas relevantes de la invención es que la inmovilización del bastidor durante el fresado y la posibilidad de desplazamiento vertical de las fresas respecto al bastidor, permite que el sistema fresador tenga un peso y unas dimensiones reducidas, ya que no es el propio peso y longitud del conjunto el que provoca el descenso y guiado de las fresas, como ocurre en los sistemas actuales. Esta reducción significativa de peso y dimensiones permite que el sistema fresador se pueda introducir en edificaciones existentes (sótanos,, plantas bajas, estaciones de metro,, etc.) para realizar muros de recalces de edificaciones existentes o para la realización de sótanos sin la destrucción de las plantas superiores, así como en obras públicas, sin necesidad de pesadas máquinas que necesariamente tienen que trabajar en superficie con la destrucción previa de los elementos. Adicionalmente el dispositivo puede trabajar al límite de fachadas e incluso debajo de paredes medianeras, para recalzarlas. En los sistemas anteriores no es posible, ya que la máquina tiene que poder discurrir libremente por la vertical del muro a realizar.One of the relevant advantages of the invention is that the immobilization of the frame during milling and the possibility of vertical displacement of the strawberries with respect to the frame, allows the milling system to have a reduced weight and dimensions, since it is not the weight itself and length of the set which causes the descent and guidance of the strawberries, as in the current systems. This significant reduction in weight and dimensions allows the milling system to be introduced into existing buildings (basements, ground floors, subway stations, etc.) to make overhang walls of existing buildings or to make basements without destruction of the upper floors, as well as in public works, without the need for heavy machines that necessarily have to work on the surface with the previous destruction of the elements. Additionally, the device can work to the limit of facades and even under the walls, to enhance them. In previous systems it is not possible, since the machine must be able to run freely through the vertical wall to be made.
De acuerdo con la invención, el sistema fresador comprende un dispositivo de control de la verticalidad y del giro lateral, respecto al eje vertical del bastidor, comprendiendo dicho sistema fresador unos sensores de posición conectados a unos medios de control para el accionamiento automático e independiente de los empujadores laterales y de los medios elevadores del bastidor.According to the invention, the milling system comprises a device for controlling verticality and lateral rotation, with respect to the vertical axis of the frame, said milling system comprising position sensors connected to control means for automatic and independent actuation of the side pushers and the lifting means of the frame.
Estos sensores de posición comprenden en una realización giroscopios e inclinómetros convenientemente posicionados en el bastidor.These position sensors comprise in one embodiment gyroscopes and inclinometers conveniently positioned in the frame.
Los medios de desplazamiento vertical de las fresas respecto al bastidor comprenden un carro de desplazamiento vertical montado sobre unas guías del bastidor y asociado a unos medios de accionamiento, que pueden tratarse de cilindros hidráulicos u otros medios capaces de provocar el desplazamiento vertical de dicho carro.The vertical displacement means of the milling cutters with respect to the frame comprise a vertical displacement carriage mounted on frame guides and associated with drive means, which can be hydraulic cylinders or other means capable of causing the vertical displacement of said carriage.
De acuerdo con la invención, los medios de desplazamiento de las fresas en dirección lateral comprenden un carro de desplazamiento lateral montado sobre el carro de desplazamiento vertical, y asociado a unos medios de accionamiento.According to the invention, the means of movement of the milling cutters in the lateral direction comprise a lateral displacement carriage mounted on the vertical displacement carriage, and associated with drive means.
En una realización el carro de desplazamiento lateral se encuentra montado sobre el carro de desplazamiento vertical por medio de unas parejas de bielas paralelas que conforman con dichos carros sendos paralelogramos deformables, estando conformados los medios de accionamiento por cilindros hidráulicos que actúan sobre dichos paralelogramos deformables.In one embodiment, the lateral displacement carriage is mounted on the vertical displacement carriage by means of pairs of parallel connecting rods that conform with said two deformable parallelograms, the actuating means being formed by hydraulic cylinders acting on said deformable parallelograms.
Los medios de desplazamiento de las fresas en dirección longitudinal comprenden un carro de desplazamiento longitudinal, portador de dichas fresas, y montado sobre unas guías longitudinales del carro de desplazamiento lateral; encontrándose asociado dicho carro de desplazamiento longitudinal a unos asociado a unos medios de accionamiento, tales como cilindros hidráulicos u otros cualesquiera capaces de provocar su desplazamiento longitudinal. En una realización los medios de accionamiento vertical, lateral y/o longitudinal de las fresas están compuestos por husillos accionados por motor eléctrico, que proporcionan una mayor exactitud en los movimientos que los cilindros hidráulicos mencionados anteriormente.The means of movement of the milling cutters in the longitudinal direction comprise a carriage of longitudinal displacement, carrier of said milling cutters, and mounted on longitudinal guides of the carriage of lateral displacement; said longitudinal displacement car being associated with some associated with drive means, such as hydraulic cylinders or any others capable of causing its longitudinal displacement. In one embodiment, the vertical, lateral and / or longitudinal drive means of the cutters are composed of spindles driven by an electric motor, which provide greater accuracy in movements than the hydraulic cylinders mentioned above.
Este sistema fresador comprende un chasis exterior provisto unos enganches para su acoplamiento a una máquina de transporte y suministro de la potencia hidráulica de trabajo, actuando adidonalmente dicho chasis exterior como elemento de soporte del bastidor y como elemento de guiado de dicho bastidor en la fase inicial de excavación.This milling system comprises an outer chassis provided with hooks for coupling to a transport machine and supply of the hydraulic working power, said outer chassis acting adidonally as a support element of the frame and as a guiding element of said frame in the initial phase excavation
El mencionado chasis exterior comprende unos soportes para los cabrestantes asociados a los cables de desplazamiento vertical del bastidor elevación y de aportación de mangueras hidráulicas, eléctricas, de control y de extracción de lodo.Said outer chassis comprises supports for the winches associated with the vertical displacement cables of the frame lifting and supply of hydraulic, electric, control and mud extraction hoses.
Descripción de las figuras. Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de facilitar la comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:Description of the figures. To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
La figura 1 muestra una vista esquemática de perfil del sistema fresador en la que se ha seccionado verticalmente el chasis exterior para permitir la observación del bastidor interior y de los elementos asociados al mismo.Figure 1 shows a schematic profile view of the milling system in which the outer chassis has been vertically sectioned to allow observation of the inner frame and the elements associated therewith.
La figura 2 muestra una vista frontal del sistema fresador sin el chasis exterior. - La figura 3 muestra una vista análoga a la anterior, en la que se ha seccionado el bastidor por un plano vertical para permitir la observación de los medios de desplazamiento vertical, lateral y longitudinal de las fresas, y de los medios de accionamiento de los empujadores laterales.Figure 2 shows a front view of the milling system without the outer chassis. - Figure 3 shows a view analogous to the previous one, in which the frame has been sectioned by a vertical plane to allow the observation of the means of vertical, lateral and longitudinal displacement of the milling cutters, and of the actuation means of the lateral pushers.
La figura 4 muestra una vista lateral del sistema fresador sin el chasis exterior y seccionado por un plano vertical.Figure 4 shows a side view of the milling system without the outer chassis and sectioned by a vertical plane.
La figura 5 corresponde a la sección marcada como A-A en la figura 3.Figure 5 corresponds to the section marked A-A in Figure 3.
La figura 6 corresponde a la sección marcada como B-B en la figura 2. - La figura 7 muestra dos vistas de perfil del extremo inferior del sistema fresador con las fresas desplazadas hacia los laterales opuestos. La figura 8 muestra una vista en alzado del sistema fresador sin el chasis exterior y con las fresas representadas, con trazo lleno y con trazo discontinuo, en dos posiciones longitudinales extremas.Figure 6 corresponds to the section marked BB in Figure 2. - Figure 7 shows two profile views of the lower end of the milling system with the milling cutters facing opposite sides. Figure 8 shows an elevation view of the milling system without the outer chassis and with the cutters shown, with full stroke and with broken line, in two extreme longitudinal positions.
La figura 9 muestra esquemática de perfil del sistema fresador acoplado por medio del chasis exterior a una máquina convencional de transporte y suministro de potencia, durante la realización de una excavación y la conformación del ensanchamiento inferior para la construcción de una zapata de sustentación de un muro pantalla. En esta figura se ha representado el bastidor en una posición superior inicial y una posición inferior, durante la conformación del ensanchamiento inferior para la zapata.Figure 9 shows a schematic profile of the milling system coupled by means of the outer chassis to a conventional transport and power supply machine, during the excavation and shaping of the lower broadening for the construction of a wall support shoe. screen. In this figure the frame has been shown in an initial upper position and a lower position, during the conformation of the lower widening for the shoe.
Realización preferente de la invenciónPreferred Embodiment of the Invention
Como se puede observar en las figuras referenciadas el sistema fresador comprende un bastidor (1) sobre el que se encuentran montados unos empujadores laterales (2) a modo de placas verticales, accionables de forma independiente por unos medios (21) de accionamiento, representados en este ejemplo de realización por cilindros hidráulicos.As can be seen in the referenced figures, the milling system comprises a frame (1) on which side pushers (2) are mounted as vertical plates, independently operable by means (21) of actuation, represented in This exemplary embodiment by hydraulic cylinders.
Sobre dicho bastidor (1) se encuentra montado, por medio de unas guías verticales (3) un carro (4) de desplazamiento vertical asociado a unos medios (41) de accionamiento, representados en este ejemplo por unos cilindros hidráulicos.On said frame (1) there is mounted, by means of vertical guides (3) a carriage (4) of vertical displacement associated with drive means (41), represented in this example by hydraulic cylinders.
Sobre el extremo inferior del carro (4) de desplazamiento vertical se encuentra montado un carro (5) de desplazamiento lateral, por medio de unas parejas de bielas (51) paralelas que conforman, conjuntamente con el carro (4) y el carro (5), unos paralelogramos deformables, que permiten el desplazamiento del carro (5) hacia los laterales del bastidor (1). Este desplazamiento lateral del carro (5) es provocado por unos medios (52) de accionamiento representados por unos cilindros hidráulicos que actúan sobre dichos paralelogramos deformables.On the lower end of the carriage (4) of vertical displacement a carriage (5) of lateral displacement is mounted, by means of pairs of parallel connecting rods (51) that together with the carriage (4) and the carriage (5) ), deformable parallelograms, which allow the carriage (5) to move towards the sides of the frame (1). This lateral displacement of the carriage (5) is caused by drive means (52) represented by hydraulic cylinders acting on said deformable parallelograms.
Sobre el carro (5) de desplazamiento lateral se encuentra montado un carro (6) de desplazamiento longitudinal, portador de las unas fresas (7) giratorias. El carro (6) está asociado a unos medios (61) de accionamiento representados en este ejemplo de realización por unos cilindros hidráulicos que permiten el desplazamiento longitudinal del carro (6) y de las fresas (7), montadas sobre el mismo, en dirección longitudinal.On the carriage (5) of lateral displacement is mounted a carriage (6) of longitudinal displacement, carrier of the rotating milling cutters (7). The carriage (6) is associated with drive means (61) represented in this exemplary embodiment by hydraulic cylinders that allow the longitudinal displacement of the carriage (6) and the milling cutters (7), mounted thereon, in the direction longitudinal.
El bastidor (1) dispone superiormente de unos ganchos (11) para su sujeción en unos medios elevadores (13), representados por unos cables de sustentación accionados por unos cabrestantes, que permiten desplazar verticalmente al sistema fresador durante su utilización.The frame (1) has hooks (11) superiorly for its fastening in lifting means (13), represented by lifting cables driven by winches, which allow the milling system to be moved vertically during use.
Este sistema fresador comprende adicionalmente un dispositivo de control de la verticalidad y del giro lateral, respecto al eje vertical, del bastidor (1). Este dispositivo de control comprende unos sensores de posición (12) representados por unos inclinómetros acoplados a los ganchos (11) y un giroscopio montado en el bastidor (1).This milling system additionally comprises a device for controlling verticality and lateral rotation, relative to the vertical axis, of the frame (1). This control device comprises position sensors (12) represented by inclinometers coupled to the hooks (11) and a gyroscope mounted on the frame (1).
Dichos sensores de posición (12) están conectados a un circuito de control de los empujadores laterales (2) y de los medios elevadores (13) permitiendo un preciso posicionamiento e inmovilización del bastidor (1), tanto en verticalidad como en horizontalidad, y en línea con los muros a realizar durante el fresado del suelo.Said position sensors (12) are connected to a control circuit of the side pushers (2) and of the lifting means (13) allowing precise positioning and immobilization of the frame (1), both vertically and horizontally, and in line with the walls to perform during the milling of the ground.
Como se puede observar en las figuras 1 y 9, este sistema fresador dispone de un chasis exterior (14) que incluye los soportes de cabrestantes y aportación de mangueras tanto hidráulicas como de extracción de lodo, así como de control, y los enganches adecuados para su acoplamiento a una máquina comercial que permita el transporte del conjunto y le suministre al sistema fresador la potencia hidráulica de trabajo.As can be seen in figures 1 and 9, this milling system has an outer chassis (14) that includes the winch supports and supply of both hydraulic and mud extraction hoses, as well as control, and the appropriate hooks for its coupling to a machine commercial that allows the transport of the set and provide the milling system with the hydraulic working power.
El chasis exterior (14) es la guía inicial de trabajo para el sistema fresador que está guiado con un sistema de telemetría láser para la situación exacta de la pantalla a realizar. Este chasis exterior, evita la construcción de muros guía para el guiado del sistema fresador, ya que este chasis exterior actúa de sistema guiador.The outer chassis (14) is the initial working guide for the milling system that is guided with a laser telemetry system for the exact location of the screen to be made. This outer chassis avoids the construction of guide walls for guiding the milling system, since this outer chassis acts as a guiding system.
Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como un ejemplo de realización preferente, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos descritos podrán ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración de las características esenciales de la invención que se reivindican a continuación. Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the described elements may be modified, provided that this does not imply an alteration. of the essential features of the invention that are claimed below.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1.- Sistema fresador para la realización de muros pantalla, del tipo de los que comprenden un bastidor (1) provisto de unos medios (11) para fijación en posición suspendida de unos medios elevadores (13), y unas fresas (7) asociadas al mencionadas bastidor; caracterizado porque el bastidor (1) comprende unos empujadores laterales (2) asociados a unos medios (21) de accionamiento independiente y desplazables en una dirección sensiblemente horizontal para el centraje e inmovilización del bastidor (1), respecto a las paredes laterales de la excavación, durante el fresado, y porque las fresas (7) se encuentran asociadas al bastidor (1) por unos medios de desplazamiento de dichas fresas (7) en dirección vertical y en dirección lateral y/o longitudinal.1.- Milling system for the realization of screen walls, of the type that comprise a frame (1) provided with means (11) for fixing in a suspended position of lifting means (13), and associated milling cutters (7) to the mentioned frame; characterized in that the frame (1) comprises lateral thrusters (2) associated with independently operated means (21) and movable in a substantially horizontal direction for the centering and immobilization of the frame (1), with respect to the side walls of the excavation , during milling, and because the milling cutters (7) are associated to the frame (1) by means of displacement of said milling cutters (7) in the vertical direction and in the lateral and / or longitudinal direction.
2.- Sistema fresador, según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque comprende un dispositivo de control de la verticalidad y del giro lateral, respecto al eje vertical del bastidor (1), comprendiendo dicho dispositivo de control unos sensores de posición (12) conectados a un circuito de control de los empujadores laterales (2) y de los medios elevadores (13) del bastidor (1).2. Milling system according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a vertical and lateral rotation control device, with respect to the vertical axis of the frame (1), said control device comprising position sensors (12) connected to a control circuit of the side pushers (2) and the lifting means (13) of the frame (1).
3.- Sistema fresador, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque los medios de desplazamiento vertical de las fresas (7) respecto al bastidor (1) comprenden un carro (4) de desplazamiento vertical montado sobre unas guías (3) del bastidor y asociado a unos medios (41) de accionamiento.3. Milling system, according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the means of vertical displacement of the cutters (7) with respect to the frame (1) comprise a carriage (4) of vertical displacement mounted on guides (3) of the frame and associated with drive means (41).
4. Sistema fresador según la reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque los medios de desplazamiento de las fresas (7) en dirección lateral comprenden un carro (5) de desplazamiento lateral montado sobre el carro (4) de desplazamiento vertical, y asociado a unos medios (52) de accionamiento.4. Milling system according to claim 3, characterized in that the means for moving the cutters (7) in the lateral direction comprise a lateral displacement carriage (5) mounted on the vertical displacement carriage (4), and associated with drive means (52).
5.- Sistema fresador, según la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque el carro (5) de desplazamiento lateral se encuentra montado sobre el carro (4) de desplazamiento vertical por medio de unas parejas de bielas (51) paralelas que conforman conjuntamente con dichos carros (4, 5) sendos paralelogramos deformables.5. Milling system, according to claim 4, characterized in that the lateral displacement carriage (5) is mounted on the vertical displacement carriage (4) by means of pairs of parallel connecting rods (51) that together with said carriages (4, 5) two deformable parallelograms.
6.- Sistema fresador, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 ó 5, caracterizado porque los medios de desplazamiento de las fresas (7) en dirección longitudinal comprenden un carro (6) de desplazamiento longitudinal, montado sobre unas guías longitudinales del carro (5) de desplazamiento lateral y asociado a unos medios de accionamiento.6. Milling system, according to any of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the means of movement of the cutters (7) in the longitudinal direction comprise a carriage (6) of longitudinal displacement, mounted on longitudinal guides of the carriage (5) lateral displacement and associated with drive means.
7.- Sistema fresador, según las reivindicaciones 3, 4 y 6, caracterizado porque los medios de accionamiento (41, 52, 61) de los carros (4, 5, 6) están constituidos por cilindros hidráulicos.7. Milling system, according to claims 3, 4 and 6, characterized in that the drive means (41, 52, 61) of the carriages (4, 5, 6) are constituted by hydraulic cylinders.
8.- Sistema fresador, según las reivindicaciones 3, 4 y 6, caracterizado porque los medios (41, 52, 61) de accionamiento de los carros (4, 5, 6) están constituidos por husillos accionados por motores eléctricos independientes.8. Milling system according to claims 3, 4 and 6, characterized in that the means (41, 52, 61) for driving the carriages (4, 5, 6) are constituted by spindles driven by independent electric motors.
9.- Sistema fresador, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende un chasis exterior (14) provisto unos enganches para su acoplamiento a una máquina (9) de transporte y suministro de la potencia hidráulica de trabajo.9.- Milling system, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an outer chassis (14) provided with hooks for its coupling to a machine (9) for transporting and supplying the hydraulic working power.
10.- Sistema fresador, según la reivindicación 9, caracterizado porque el chasis exterior (14) comprende unos soportes para los cabrestantes asociados a los cables de desplazamiento vertical del bastidor (1) y de aportación de mangueras hidráulicas , eléctricas , de control y de extracción de lodo. 10. - Milling system, according to claim 9, characterized in that the outer chassis (14) comprises supports for the winches associated with the vertical displacement cables of the frame (1) and for the provision of hydraulic, electrical, control and control hoses. mud extraction.
PCT/ES2009/000174 2008-05-05 2009-04-01 Cutting system for producing diaphragm walls WO2009135968A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES200801273A ES2328211B1 (en) 2008-05-05 2008-05-05 MILLING SYSTEM FOR THE REALIZATION OF WALLS SCREEN.
ESP200801273 2008-05-05

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WO2009135968A1 true WO2009135968A1 (en) 2009-11-12

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WO (1) WO2009135968A1 (en)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4744425A (en) * 1986-01-28 1988-05-17 Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Apparatus for excavating a substantially vertical slot
JPH06116959A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-04-26 Ohbayashi Corp Excavator for nonuniform section underground wall
JPH06128960A (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-05-10 Ohbayashi Corp Excavator for underground wall with nonuniform section
DE29505263U1 (en) * 1995-03-28 1995-05-24 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh, 86529 Schrobenhausen Trench cutter
FR2749333A1 (en) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-05 Sol Comp Du TELESCOPIC CHASSIS APPARATUS FOR HOLLOWING TRENCHES IN THE GROUND

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4744425A (en) * 1986-01-28 1988-05-17 Hochtief Aktiengesellschaft Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann Apparatus for excavating a substantially vertical slot
JPH06116959A (en) * 1992-10-05 1994-04-26 Ohbayashi Corp Excavator for nonuniform section underground wall
JPH06128960A (en) * 1992-10-15 1994-05-10 Ohbayashi Corp Excavator for underground wall with nonuniform section
DE29505263U1 (en) * 1995-03-28 1995-05-24 Bauer Spezialtiefbau Gmbh, 86529 Schrobenhausen Trench cutter
FR2749333A1 (en) * 1996-06-04 1997-12-05 Sol Comp Du TELESCOPIC CHASSIS APPARATUS FOR HOLLOWING TRENCHES IN THE GROUND

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ES2328211A1 (en) 2009-11-10

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