WO2009132765A1 - Vehicle, in particular mobile work machine - Google Patents

Vehicle, in particular mobile work machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009132765A1
WO2009132765A1 PCT/EP2009/002700 EP2009002700W WO2009132765A1 WO 2009132765 A1 WO2009132765 A1 WO 2009132765A1 EP 2009002700 W EP2009002700 W EP 2009002700W WO 2009132765 A1 WO2009132765 A1 WO 2009132765A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
traction drive
unit
vehicle according
machine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/002700
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Seppo Tikkanen
Sebastian Oschmann
Matthias Beck
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2009132765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009132765A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/30—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of auxiliary equipment, e.g. air-conditioning compressors or oil pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20—Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/22—Hydraulic devices or systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2217—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives with energy recovery arrangements, e.g. using accumulators, flywheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2253—Controlling the travelling speed of vehicles, e.g. adjusting travelling speed according to implement loads, control of hydrostatic transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00—Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02—Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/024—Installations or systems with accumulators used as a supplementary power source, e.g. to store energy in idle periods to balance pump load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B21/00—Common features of fluid actuator systems; Fluid-pressure actuator systems or details thereof, not covered by any other group of this subclass
    • F15B21/14—Energy-recuperation means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4078—Fluid exchange between hydrostatic circuits and external sources or consumers
    • F16H61/4096—Fluid exchange between hydrostatic circuits and external sources or consumers with pressure accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • F16H61/4148—Open loop circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B60K2025/026—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft by a hydraulic transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/20507—Type of prime mover
    • F15B2211/20523—Internal combustion engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205—Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053—Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20569—Type of pump capable of working as pump and motor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20—Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212—Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00—Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/80—Other types of control related to particular problems or conditions
    • F15B2211/88—Control measures for saving energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
    • F16H61/40—Control of exclusively fluid gearing hydrostatic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • Vehicle in particular mobile work machine
  • the invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a mobile work machine, which comprises a drive motor, a working hydraulic system, which includes a hydraulic pump for supplying a hydraulic consumer with pressure medium, and a traction drive having a drive motor side primary unit and a secondary unit, of which at least one is adjustable , and an energy store, which is directly connectable to the primary unit and / or the secondary unit.
  • the low-pressure connections are permanently fluidly connected to each other and with a low-pressure hydraulic accumulator.
  • a high-pressure hydraulic accumulator is connected to the high-pressure side connection of the two hydraulic units.
  • the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit of the traction drive are operated in an open hydraulic circuit insofar as the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the units are always the same.
  • the low-pressure accumulator replaces a tank in principle, but leads to a better performance of the hydraulic units.
  • the secondary unit of the traction drive is a so-called secondary-controlled hydraulic machine
  • the pivot angle is set by specifying a certain speed by the scheme so that at the given pressure on the high pressure side, more precisely, given a pressure difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side to achieve that or to maintain the desired speed necessary torque results.
  • a vehicle with a hydraulic traction drive in which a low pressure accumulator is connected to the low pressure sides of the hydraulic units and a high pressure accumulator to the high pressure sides, is also known from WO 2007/005451 A2.
  • a mechanical transmission is arranged in series with the hydraulic traction drive.
  • a vehicle with a power split transmission which has a mechanical branch and a hydraulic branch with a hydraulic primary unit and a hydraulic secondary unit and a low-pressure accumulator and a high-pressure accumulator in which braking energy can be stored, the Accelerating and driving is reusable.
  • the two hydraulic units of the hydraulic branch are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit, the high-pressure accumulator always being connected to one branch and the low-pressure accumulator always to the other branch of the circuit.
  • the hydro units are pivotable above zero, that is, the torque can change its sign without the direction of rotation of the unit changes, or that the direction of rotation can change, without the sign of the Torque changes.
  • a wheel loader with a power splitter transmission which has a mechanical branch and a hydraulic branch with a hydraulic primary unit and a hydraulic secondary unit as well as a low-pressure accumulator and a high-pressure accumulator in which braking energy can be stored which is reusable for speeding and driving.
  • the two hydraulic units of the traction drive are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit, wherein the high-pressure accumulator and the low-pressure accumulator can be connected via a valve arrangement alternately either with one branch or with the other branch of the circuit.
  • hydro units For a four-quadrant operation of the hydraulic traction drive, ie for operation of the shaft of the secondary unit in both directions with positive and negative torque, hydro units can be used which are not pivotable above zero.
  • Wheel loaders are usually also equipped with a working hydraulic system which, in particular in the form of hydraulic cylinders, comprises a plurality of hydraulic consumers and a hydraulic pump for supplying at least one of the hydraulic consumers with pressure medium.
  • WO 2007/071362 A1 now discloses that common hydraulic components can be used for energy recovery and energy storage during operation of the working hydraulics and when driving with a hydraulic travel drive.
  • the primary unit of the hydraulic traction drive, the hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics and a third hydraulic unit are arranged on a common shaft, which is connected to the primary drive motor of the vehicle, for example a diesel engine.
  • the third hydraulic unit is connected on the pressure side with a high-pressure accumulator and on the suction side with a tank or a low-pressure accumulator.
  • the third hydraulic machine When recovering energy, the third hydraulic machine is then considered as Motor operating hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics or then working as a motor primary unit of the traction drive and loads, working as a pump, the high-pressure accumulator.
  • the third hydraulic machine operating as a motor, alone or together with the primary drive motor drives the hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics or the primary unit of the traction drive.
  • the function is that of a hydrotransformer whose one side forms the third hydraulic machine and the other side the hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics and the primary unit of the traction drive.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a vehicle with the features of the preamble of claim 1 so that the cost of recovering energy during operation of the working hydraulics and the hydraulic traction drive, which can also be combined with a mechanical transmission, and the reuse of the recovered energy is reduced.
  • the working hydraulic system operable as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine for energy recovery and that a unit of the traction drive is designed such that mechanically driven by her, powered by the hydraulic machine, energy from the work hydraulics in the energy storage transferable is.
  • a vehicle according to the invention unlike the vehicle according to WO 2007/071362 A1, no third hydraulic machine, which has no fluidic connection to the working hydraulics, is necessary in order to recover energy from the working hydraulics and from the traction drive.
  • a unit of the traction drive in particular the primary unit of the traction drive is used to store recoverable energy from the working hydraulics in an energy storage device associated with the traction drive.
  • the stored energy can be reused for the travel drive as well as for the working hydraulics.
  • the exchange between the working hydraulics and the traction drive takes place via a unit of the traction drive.
  • the reuse in the work hydraulics happens here according to claim 2 preferably so that the unit of the traction drive as the engine and the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulic system can be operated as a hydraulic pump and that by driving the hydraulic machine by the unit of the drive hydraulics energy from the energy storage in the work hydraulics transferable is
  • the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulic system and the drive unit driven or driven by it are adjustable in their stroke volume. Then, the performance at different pressures and flow rates (a hydraulic traction drive assumed) on the principle of hydraulic transformer without throttling losses and with high flexibility in the speed of the hydraulic consumer, which in the formation of one of the hydraulic machines or both hydraulic machines as a constant units not the case would be transferred.
  • the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulic system and the primary unit of the traction drive are arranged on a common shaft.
  • the hydraulic machine is identical to the hydraulic pump, which serves in a hydraulic circuit for supplying the hydraulic load of the working hydraulics with pressure medium.
  • a hydraulic machine which can be operated both as a hydraulic pump and as a hydraulic motor. If this is done while maintaining the direction of rotation and without swapping the pressure side and Suction side is to be possible by means of valves, the hydraulic machine is designed so that it can be pivoted about zero.
  • the invention should predominantly be used in vehicles which, according to claim 8, have a hydraulic traction drive which has a hydraulic primary unit, a hydraulic secondary unit and a hydraulic accumulator. If in this case according to claim 9, the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit are operated in an open hydraulic circuit of such a type that the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the units is always the same, the two units are adjustable above zero. On the other hand, if the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit of the traction drive are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit of such a type that the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the units change, then in principle units can be used which are adjustable from zero in one direction only. For the connection of the high-pressure accumulator with the respective high-pressure side, a valve arrangement is present.
  • the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit of the traction drive are operated as a hydrostatic transmission with a quasi-constant operating pressure, wherein the secondary unit is adjusted according to the torque required for the driving state. It is then possible to operate without principle-related throttling losses.
  • the invention as indicated in claim 12, also applicable to vehicles having an electric traction drive having an electric primary unit, an electrical secondary unit and an electrical energy storage
  • the travel drive can also include a mechanical transmission part.
  • the vehicle may have a power split transmission with a mechanical branch and a hydraulic or electrical branch (driveline in the narrower sense).
  • a mechanical branch for the exchange of power between the working hydraulics and the traction drive will then be preferred to use only the primary unit of the traction drive.
  • the secondary unit can also be used, at least in addition, since a mechanical coupling between the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulics and the secondary unit of the traction drive is possible via the mechanical branch of the power split transmission.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment in which the primary unit and the secondary unit of a hydraulic traction drive are operated in an open hydraulic circuit
  • Figure 2 shows a second embodiment in which the primary unit and the secondary unit of a hydraulic traction drive are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit
  • Figure 3 shows a third embodiment with an electric drive.
  • a combustion engine 10 in particular a diesel engine, is provided as the primary drive engine of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle in particular for the frequent stop and go cargo handling and lifting and lowering of loads, for example a wheel loader, forklift, reachstacker or straddle carrier, has a travel drive 11 and a working hydraulic system 12.
  • the latter includes a hydraulic machine 13 , which can be operated as a hydraulic pump and as a hydraulic motor and can be adjusted above zero.
  • the hydraulic machine is an axial piston machine
  • the working hydraulic system further comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder 14 and a valve block 15 with which the pressure medium paths between the hydraulic machine 13 and the hydraulic consumers can be controlled according to the desired movement and the desired speed of movement.
  • the pressure port of the hydraulic machine 13 is connected to the valve block 15.
  • the pressure medium is sucked in from the hydraulic machine 13 from a tank 16. If only one single, single-acting hydraulic consumer is supplied with pressure medium by the hydraulic machine, the valve block is reduced to a check valve for load bearing or is completely eliminated.
  • the traction drive system comprises in all three embodiments, a primary unit or a secondary unit and an energy storage.
  • the traction drive system of the first embodiment is a hydraulic system having as a primary unit a hydraulic machine 20, which may be an axial piston and pivotable about zero, as secondary unit a hydraulic machine 21, which may also be an axial piston machine and is also pivotable above zero, and as energy storage a hydraulic accumulator 22.
  • the two hydraulic machines 20 and 21 are connected to tank 16.
  • the pressure port of the hydraulic machine 20 is connected to the pressure port of the hydraulic machine 21.
  • the two hydraulic machines 20 and 21 are thus operated in an open hydraulic circuit. High pressure side and low pressure side do not change.
  • a valve assembly 24 is inserted, via which the hydraulic accumulator can be connected to the pressure line or separated from the pressure line.
  • the hydraulic machine 21 is mechanically connected with its shaft to a drive axle 25 of the vehicle.
  • the hydraulic machine 13 of the working hydraulic system and the hydraulic machine 20 of the traction drive sit coaxially one behind the other and are mechanically coupled to a drive shaft 26 of the internal combustion engine 10, so in principle arranged on a common shaft.
  • the hydromachines 20 and 21 are usually fluidically connected to one another via the pressure line and to the hydraulic accumulator 22 and are operated on a pressure network with "impressed" operating pressure
  • the hydraulic machine 21 is secondarily regulated
  • the principle of secondary control is described in detail in the book Hydrostatic Drives Secondary regulation from the book series “Der Hydraulik - Trainer", 1996 the Mannesmann Rexroth described. With the accelerator pedal and brake pedal of the vehicle will specify a target torque for the hydraulic machine 21. The control of the hydraulic machine then sets them to a pivoting angle such that the desired torque is obtained.
  • the pressure in the pressure line 23 is not constant, but changes quite. By changing the swivel angle, the pressure change is compensated.
  • the hydraulic machine 21 When driving the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 21 operates as a hydraulic motor and removes the pressure line 23 and - especially during acceleration - the hydraulic accumulator 22 hydraulic fluid. Depending on the direction of travel, the hydraulic machine 21 is swung out in one or the other direction. To brake the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 21 operates as a hydraulic pump, which is driven by the vehicle via the axle 25 and conveys hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic accumulator 22. When braking the hydraulic machine is swung in the same direction opposite to the acceleration in the opposite direction.
  • the hydraulic machine 13 acts as a hydraulic motor. If this occurs at standstill or during the deceleration of the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 13 drives the hydromotor 20 acting as a hydraulic pump via the common shaft 26 as a hydraulic motor. Since no power is removed from the hydraulic machine 21, the hydraulic machine 20 charges the hydraulic accumulator 22. Will during the Driving a load lowered, then the moment recovered at the hydraulic machine 13 is transmitted via the common shaft to the working as a pump hydraulic machine 20 and drives them. As a result, the torque to be applied by the internal combustion engine is reduced.
  • the hydromachine 21 operating as a hydraulic pump conveys pressure medium into the pressure network.
  • working as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine 20 takes the pressure network pressure medium and drives together with the internal combustion engine 10, the working as a hydraulic pump hydraulic machine 13 at. The internal combustion engine is relieved in the torque to be applied.
  • Conventional hydraulic accumulators are designed for maximum pressures in the range of 330 bar.
  • Conventional hydraulic machines can be operated with pressures up to 450 bar. If the torque, which can be applied by the hydraulic machine at maximum pivoting and a pressure of 330 bar, is not sufficient for the driving operation of the vehicle, the valve block 24 allows the hydraulic accumulator 22 to be separated from the pressure line and increased in height Pressure to work. The two hydraulic machines 20 and 21 are then volume flow coupled.
  • the low pressure sides of the two hydraulic machine can also be connected to each other and with a low-pressure accumulator.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2 has a hydraulic drive 11 with a primary hydraulic machine 20 which is pivotable about zero, and with a mechanically coupled to the drive shaft 25 secondary hydraulic machine 31.
  • the two hydraulic machines are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit and are fluidly connected to each other via the two branch lines 32 and 33, which alternately high pressure or low pressure lead. Because of the change of the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side, it is possible here as the hydraulic machine 31 to use one which does not adjust above zero. bar is.
  • a low pressure hydraulic accumulator 34 is present.
  • the two hydraulic accumulators 22 can be alternately connected to the branch lines 32 and 33, whereby the valve block can also contain components for feeding pressurized fluid lost by leakage to the circuit.
  • the hydraulic accumulator 22 can be shut off against the branch lines, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.
  • the two hydraulic machines 20 and 31 are then volume flow coupled.
  • the hydraulic machine 31 When driving the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 31 operates as a hydraulic motor and takes depending on the direction of travel of the branch line 32 or the branch line 33 and - especially during acceleration - the hydraulic accumulator 22 connected via the valve block to the corresponding branch line hydraulic fluid. To brake the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 31 operates as a hydraulic pump, which is driven by the vehicle via the axis 25 and promotes hydraulic fluid via the corresponding branch line into the hydraulic accumulator 22. When braking the branch lines 32 and 33 are compared with the acceleration in the same direction with respect to high and low pressure line reversed.
  • the hydraulic machine 13 When lowering a load, the hydraulic machine 13 acts as a hydraulic motor. If this happens at standstill of the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 13 drives as a hydraulic motor via the common shaft 26 to the working as a hydraulic pump hydraulic machine 20. In this case, the conveying direction, ie the pivot position of the hydraulic machine
  • working as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine 20 takes the pressure network pressure medium and drives together with the internal combustion engine 10, the working as a hydraulic pump hydraulic machine 13 at.
  • the internal combustion engine is relieved in the moment to be applied.
  • the pivoting direction of the hydraulic machine 20 is predetermined by the direction of travel during deceleration.
  • the vehicle according to the Ausf ⁇ hrungsbeispiel of Figure 3 has not a hydraulic, but an electric traction drive with a primary operable both as a motor and as a generator electric machine 40, with a secondary operated as a motor and as a generator electric machine 41 and with an electrical energy storage 42.
  • the electric machine 40 has with the hydraulic machine 13 of the working hydraulics a common shaft 26, that is mechanically coupled to the internal combustion engine 10.
  • the electric machine see machine 41 is mechanically connected to a drive axle 25 of the vehicle.
  • the energy storage 42 may be realized by a battery or by large capacitors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention is based on the problem of developing a vehicle in such a way that the expenditure is reduced for the recovery of energy during operation of the work hydraulics and the hydraulic traction drive and for the reuse of the recovered energy. This is achieved by the fact that the work hydraulic system (12) has a hydraulic machine (13) which can be operated as a hydraulic motor (13) for energy recovery, and by the fact that a unit (20, 40) of the traction drive (11) is configured in such a way that energy can be transmitted by it, driven mechanically by the hydraulic machine (13), from the work hydraulics into the energy accumulator (22, 42). In particular, energy can also be transmitted from the energy accumulator of the traction drive into the work hydraulics.

Description

Beschreibung description
Fahrzeug, insbesondere mobile ArbeitsmaschineVehicle, in particular mobile work machine
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Fahrzeug, insbesondere mobile Arbeitsmaschine, das einen Antriebsmotor, ein Arbeitshydrauliksystem, das eine Hydropumpe zur Versorgung eines hydraulischen Verbrauchers mit Druckmittel umfasst, und einen Fahrantrieb umfasst, der eine antriebsmotorseitige Primäreinheit und eine Sekundäreinheit, von denen zumindest eine verstellbar ist, und einen Energie- Speicher aufweist, der leitungsmäßig unmittelbar mit der Primäreinheit und/oder der Sekundäreinheit verbindbar ist.The invention relates to a vehicle, in particular a mobile work machine, which comprises a drive motor, a working hydraulic system, which includes a hydraulic pump for supplying a hydraulic consumer with pressure medium, and a traction drive having a drive motor side primary unit and a secondary unit, of which at least one is adjustable , and an energy store, which is directly connectable to the primary unit and / or the secondary unit.
Aus der AT 395 960 ist ein Fahrzeug mit einem hydraulischen Fahrantrieb mit einer hydraulischen Primäreinheit und einer hydraulischen Sekundäreinheit bekannt, deren Niederdruckanschlüsse dauernd miteinander und mit einem Niederdruck- hydrospeicher fluidisch verbunden sind. An die hochdruckseitige Verbindung der beiden Hydroeinheiten ist ein Hochdruckhydrospeicher angeschlossen. Die hydraulische Primäreinheit und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit des Fahrantriebs werden insofern in einem offenem hydraulischen Kreis betrieben, als die Hoch- druckseite und die Niederdruckseite der Einheiten immer dieselbe. Der Niederdruckspeicher ersetzt im Prinzip einen Tank, führt aber zu einem besseren Betriebsverhalten der Hydroeinheiten. Mit dem bekannten hydraulischen Fahrantrieb gelingt es, beim Bremsen des Fahrzeugs durch Laden bzw. durch weiteres Aufladen des Hochdruckspeichers Energie zu speichern und diese Energie beim Be- schleunigen und Fahren des Fahrzeugs wieder zu nutzen. Die Sekundäreinheit des Fahrantriebs ist dabei eine sogenannt sekundärgeregelte Hydromaschine, deren Schwenkwinkel sich bei Vorgabe einer bestimmten Drehzahl durch die Regelung so einstellt, dass sich bei dem gegebenem Druck auf der Hochdruckseite, genauer gesagt, bei gegebener Druckdifferenz zwischen der Hochdruckseite und der Niederdruckseite das zum Erreichen oder zum Halten der gewünschten Drehzahl notwendige Drehmoment ergibt. Man spricht auch von einem Netz mit einem eingeprägten Betriebsdruck, wobei aber der Druck nur quasi konstant ist und sich durchaus verändern kann. Eine Druckänderung wird, sofern sich das notwendige Drehmoment nicht geändert hat, durch eine Änderung des Schwenkwinkels ausgeglichen.From AT 395 960 a vehicle with a hydraulic drive with a hydraulic primary unit and a hydraulic secondary unit is known, the low-pressure connections are permanently fluidly connected to each other and with a low-pressure hydraulic accumulator. To the high-pressure side connection of the two hydraulic units, a high-pressure hydraulic accumulator is connected. The hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit of the traction drive are operated in an open hydraulic circuit insofar as the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the units are always the same. The low-pressure accumulator replaces a tank in principle, but leads to a better performance of the hydraulic units. With the known hydraulic drive system, it is possible to store energy during braking of the vehicle by charging or by further charging of the high-pressure accumulator and to reuse this energy when accelerating and driving the vehicle. The secondary unit of the traction drive is a so-called secondary-controlled hydraulic machine, the pivot angle is set by specifying a certain speed by the scheme so that at the given pressure on the high pressure side, more precisely, given a pressure difference between the high pressure side and the low pressure side to achieve that or to maintain the desired speed necessary torque results. One speaks also of a net with one impressed operating pressure, but the pressure is only virtually constant and can change quite. A change in pressure, provided that the necessary torque has not changed, compensated by a change in the pivot angle.
Ein Fahrzeug mit einem hydraulischen Fahrantrieb, bei dem an die Niederdruckseiten der Hydroeinheiten ein Niederdruckspeicher und an die Hochdruckseiten ein Hochdruckspeicher angeschlossen ist, ist auch aus der WO 2007/005451 A2 bekannt. Dort ist in Reihe zu dem hydraulischen Fahrantrieb noch ein mechani- sches Getriebe angeordnet.A vehicle with a hydraulic traction drive, in which a low pressure accumulator is connected to the low pressure sides of the hydraulic units and a high pressure accumulator to the high pressure sides, is also known from WO 2007/005451 A2. There, a mechanical transmission is arranged in series with the hydraulic traction drive.
Aus der US 6 971 463 B2 ist ein hydraulischer Fahrantrieb bekannt, dessen Primäreinheit und Sekundäreinheit in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben werden können. Es sind zusätzlich ein Tank, ein Hochdruckspeicher und eine Ventilanordnung vorhanden, über die zur Speicherung und Wiederverwendung von Bremsenergie Tank, die beiden hydraulischen Einheiten und der Hochdruckspeicher in Reihe zueinander geschaltet werden.From US 6 971 463 B2 a hydraulic travel drive is known, the primary unit and secondary unit can be operated in a closed hydraulic circuit. There is also a tank, a high-pressure accumulator and a valve arrangement available, are connected via the storage and reuse of braking energy tank, the two hydraulic units and the high-pressure accumulator in series with each other.
Aus der WO 2008/033378 A1 ist ein Fahrzeug mit einem Leistungsverzweigungs- getriebe bekannt, das einen mechanischen Zweig und einen hydraulischen Zweig mit einer hydraulischen Primäreinheit und einer hydraulischen Sekundäreinheit sowie einem Niederdruckspeicher und einem Hochdruckspeicher aufweist, in dem Bremsenergie gespeichert werden kann, die zum Beschleunigen und Fahren wieder verwendbar ist. Die beiden Hydroeinheiten des hydraulischen Zweigs werden in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben, wobei der Hochdruckspeicher immer mit dem einen Zweig und der Niederdruckspeicher immer mit dem anderen Zweig des Kreislaufs verbunden sind. Für einen Vier-Quadrantenbetrieb sind in einem solchen Kreislauf die Hydroeinheiten über null verschwenkbar, das heißt, dass das Drehmoment sein Vorzeichen ändern kann, ohne dass sich die Drehrichtung der Einheit ändert, oder dass sich die Drehrichtung ändern kann, ohne das sich das Vorzeichen des Drehmoments ändert. Aus der DE 10 2007 012 116 A1 ist ein Radlader mit einem Leistungsverzwei- gungsgetriebe bekannt, das einen mechanischen Zweig und einen hydraulischen Zweig mit einer hydraulischen Primäreinheit und einer hydraulischen Sekundär- einheit sowie einem Niederdruckspeicher und einem Hochdruckspeicher aufweist, in dem Bremsenergie gespeichert werden kann, die zum Beschleunigen und Fahren wieder verwendbar ist. Die beiden Hydroeinheiten des Fahrantriebs werden in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben, wobei der Hochdruckspeicher und der Niederdruckspeicher über eine Ventilanordnung wechselweise entweder mit dem einen Zweig oder mit dem anderen Zweig des Kreislaufs verbunden werden können. Für einen Vier-Quadrantenbetrieb des hydraulischen Fahrantriebs, also für einen Betrieb der Welle der Sekundäreinheit in beide Richtungen mit positivem und negativem Drehmoment, können hier Hydroeinheiten verwendet werden, die nicht über null verschwenkbar sind. Radlader sind übli- cherweise auch mit einer Arbeitshydrauliksystem ausgestattet, das insbesondere in Form von Hydrozylindern mehrere hydraulische Verbraucher und eine Hydro- pumpe zur Versorgung wenigstens eines der hydraulischen Verbraucher mit Druckmittel umfasst.From WO 2008/033378 A1 a vehicle with a power split transmission is known, which has a mechanical branch and a hydraulic branch with a hydraulic primary unit and a hydraulic secondary unit and a low-pressure accumulator and a high-pressure accumulator in which braking energy can be stored, the Accelerating and driving is reusable. The two hydraulic units of the hydraulic branch are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit, the high-pressure accumulator always being connected to one branch and the low-pressure accumulator always to the other branch of the circuit. For a four-quadrant operation in such a circuit, the hydro units are pivotable above zero, that is, the torque can change its sign without the direction of rotation of the unit changes, or that the direction of rotation can change, without the sign of the Torque changes. From DE 10 2007 012 116 A1 a wheel loader with a power splitter transmission is known which has a mechanical branch and a hydraulic branch with a hydraulic primary unit and a hydraulic secondary unit as well as a low-pressure accumulator and a high-pressure accumulator in which braking energy can be stored which is reusable for speeding and driving. The two hydraulic units of the traction drive are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit, wherein the high-pressure accumulator and the low-pressure accumulator can be connected via a valve arrangement alternately either with one branch or with the other branch of the circuit. For a four-quadrant operation of the hydraulic traction drive, ie for operation of the shaft of the secondary unit in both directions with positive and negative torque, hydro units can be used which are not pivotable above zero. Wheel loaders are usually also equipped with a working hydraulic system which, in particular in the form of hydraulic cylinders, comprises a plurality of hydraulic consumers and a hydraulic pump for supplying at least one of the hydraulic consumers with pressure medium.
Dass auch beim Betrieb der Arbeitshydraulik, nämlich beim Senken einer Last Energie zurückgewonnen werden kann, ist allgemein bekannt. Die WO 2007/071362 A1 offenbart nun, dass für die Energierückgewinnung und Energie- speicherung beim Betrieb der Arbeitshydraulik und beim Fahren mit einem hydraulischen Fahrantrieb gemeinsame hydraulische Komponenten verwendet werden können. Bei dem aus der WO 2007/071362 A1 bekannten Fahrzeug sind die Primäreinheit des hydraulischen Fahrantriebs, die Hydropumpe der Arbeitshydraulik und eine dritte Hydroeinheit auf einer gemeinsamen Welle angeordnet, die mit dem Primärantriebsmotor des Fahrzeugs, zum Beispiel einem Dieselmotor, verbunden ist. Die dritte Hydroeinheit ist druckseitig mit einem Hochdruckspeicher und saugseitig mit einem Tank oder einem Niederdruckspeicher verbunden. Bei einer Rückgewinnung von Energie wird die dritte Hydromaschine von der dann als Motor arbeitenden Hydropumpe der Arbeitshydraulik oder der dann als Motor arbeitenden Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs angetrieben und lädt, als Pumpe arbeitend, den Hochdruckspeicher auf. Zum Wiederverwenden der gespeicherten E- nergie treibt die dritte Hydromaschine, als Motor arbeitend, allein oder zusammen mit dem Primärantriebsmotor die Hydropumpe der Arbeitshydraulik oder die Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs an. Die Funktion ist dabei diejenige eines Hydrotrans- formators, dessen eine Seite die dritte Hydromaschine und dessen andere Seite die Hydropumpe der Arbeitshydraulik und die Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs bilden.That even when operating the work hydraulics, namely when lowering a load energy can be recovered, is well known. WO 2007/071362 A1 now discloses that common hydraulic components can be used for energy recovery and energy storage during operation of the working hydraulics and when driving with a hydraulic travel drive. In the vehicle known from WO 2007/071362 A1, the primary unit of the hydraulic traction drive, the hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics and a third hydraulic unit are arranged on a common shaft, which is connected to the primary drive motor of the vehicle, for example a diesel engine. The third hydraulic unit is connected on the pressure side with a high-pressure accumulator and on the suction side with a tank or a low-pressure accumulator. When recovering energy, the third hydraulic machine is then considered as Motor operating hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics or then working as a motor primary unit of the traction drive and loads, working as a pump, the high-pressure accumulator. To reuse the stored energy, the third hydraulic machine, operating as a motor, alone or together with the primary drive motor drives the hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics or the primary unit of the traction drive. The function is that of a hydrotransformer whose one side forms the third hydraulic machine and the other side the hydraulic pump of the working hydraulics and the primary unit of the traction drive.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Fahrzeug mit den Merkmalen aus dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 so weiterzuentwickeln, dass der Aufwand für die Rückgewinnung von Energie beim Betrieb der Arbeitshydraulik und des hydraulischen Fahrantriebs, der auch mit einem mechanischen Getriebe kombi- niert sein kann, und die Wiederverwendung der rückgewonnenen Energie verringert ist.The invention has for its object to further develop a vehicle with the features of the preamble of claim 1 so that the cost of recovering energy during operation of the working hydraulics and the hydraulic traction drive, which can also be combined with a mechanical transmission, and the reuse of the recovered energy is reduced.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass bei einem gattungsgemäßen Fahrzeug das Arbeitshydrauliksystem eine als Hydromotor betreibbare Hydromaschine zur Energierückgewinnung aufweist und dass eine Einheit des Fahrantriebs derart ausgebildet ist, dass von ihr, von der Hydromaschine mechanisch angetrieben, Energie aus der Arbeitshydraulik in den Energiespeicher übertragbar ist. Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeug ist also anders als bei dem Fahrzeug nach der WO 2007/071362 A1 keine dritte Hydromaschine, die keine fluidische Verbindung zur Arbeitshydraulik hat, notwendig, um aus der Arbeitshydraulik und aus dem Fahrantrieb Energie rückzugewinnen. Es wird vielmehr eine Einheit des Fahrantriebs, insbesondere die Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs dafür benutzt, um aus der Arbeitshydraulik rückgewinnbare Energie in einem dem Fahrantrieb zugeordneten Energiespeicher zu speichern. Die gespeicherte Energie kann sowohl für den Fahrantrieb als auch für die Arbeitshydraulik wiederverwendet werden. Der Austausch zwischen der Arbeitshydraulik und dem Fahrantrieb findet über eine Einheit des Fahrantriebs statt. Die Wiederverwendung in der Arbeitshydraulik geschieht dabei gemäß Patentanspruch 2 bevorzugt so, dass die Einheit des Fahrantriebs als Motor und die Hydromaschine des Arbeitshydrauliksystems als Hydropumpe betreibbar sind und dass durch Antrieb der Hydroma- schine durch die Einheit der Fahrhydraulik Energie aus dem Energiespeicher in die Arbeitshydraulik übertragbar istThis object is achieved in that in a generic vehicle, the working hydraulic system operable as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine for energy recovery and that a unit of the traction drive is designed such that mechanically driven by her, powered by the hydraulic machine, energy from the work hydraulics in the energy storage transferable is. In a vehicle according to the invention, unlike the vehicle according to WO 2007/071362 A1, no third hydraulic machine, which has no fluidic connection to the working hydraulics, is necessary in order to recover energy from the working hydraulics and from the traction drive. Rather, a unit of the traction drive, in particular the primary unit of the traction drive is used to store recoverable energy from the working hydraulics in an energy storage device associated with the traction drive. The stored energy can be reused for the travel drive as well as for the working hydraulics. The exchange between the working hydraulics and the traction drive takes place via a unit of the traction drive. The reuse in the work hydraulics happens here according to claim 2 preferably so that the unit of the traction drive as the engine and the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulic system can be operated as a hydraulic pump and that by driving the hydraulic machine by the unit of the drive hydraulics energy from the energy storage in the work hydraulics transferable is
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs kann man den weiteren Unteransprüchen entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of a vehicle according to the invention can be found in the further subclaims.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Hydromaschine des Arbeitshydrauliksystems und die von dieser angetriebene oder diese antreibende Einheit des Fahrantriebs in ihrem Hubvolumen verstellbar sind. Dann kann die Leistung bei unterschiedlichen Drücken und Förderströmen (ein hydraulischer Fahrantrieb voraus- gesetzt) nach dem Prinzip des hydraulischen Transformators ohne Drosselverluste und mit hoher Flexibilität in der Geschwindigkeit des hydraulischen Verbrauchers, was bei einer Ausbildung einer der Hydromaschinen oder beider Hydroma- schinen als Konstanteinheiten nicht der Fall wäre, übertragen werden.It is particularly advantageous if the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulic system and the drive unit driven or driven by it are adjustable in their stroke volume. Then, the performance at different pressures and flow rates (a hydraulic traction drive assumed) on the principle of hydraulic transformer without throttling losses and with high flexibility in the speed of the hydraulic consumer, which in the formation of one of the hydraulic machines or both hydraulic machines as a constant units not the case would be transferred.
Bevorzugt sind gemäß Patentanspruch 4 die Hydromaschine des Arbeitshydrauliksystems und die Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs auf einer gemeinsamen Welle angeordnet sind.Preferably, according to claim 4, the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulic system and the primary unit of the traction drive are arranged on a common shaft.
Besonders wenige Komponenten sind notwendig, wenn gemäß Patentanspruch 5 die Hydromaschine identisch mit der Hydropumpe ist, die in einem hydraulischen Kreislauf zur Versorgung des hydraulischen Verbrauchers der Arbeitshydraulik mit Druckmittel dient. Für die Druckmittelversorgung der hydraulischen Verbraucher des Arbeitshydrauliksystems wird also eine Hydromaschine verwendet, die sowohl als Hydropumpe als auch als Hydromotor betrieben werden kann. Wenn dies un- ter Beibehaltung der Drehrichtung und ohne Vertauschen von Druckseite und Saugseite mit Hilfe von Ventilen möglich sein soll, ist die Hydromaschine so ausgebildet, dass sie über null verschwenkbar ist.Particularly few components are necessary if according to claim 5, the hydraulic machine is identical to the hydraulic pump, which serves in a hydraulic circuit for supplying the hydraulic load of the working hydraulics with pressure medium. For the pressure medium supply of the hydraulic load of the working hydraulic system so a hydraulic machine is used, which can be operated both as a hydraulic pump and as a hydraulic motor. If this is done while maintaining the direction of rotation and without swapping the pressure side and Suction side is to be possible by means of valves, the hydraulic machine is designed so that it can be pivoted about zero.
Die Erfindung dürfte überwiegend in Fahrzeugen zum Einsatz kommen, die ge- maß Patentanspruch 8 einen hydraulischer Fahrantrieb haben, der eine hydraulische Primäreinheit, eine hydraulische Sekundäreinheit und einen Hydrospeicher aufweist. Werden dabei gemäß Patentanspruch 9 die hydraulische Primäreinheit und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit in einem offenen hydraulischen Kreis von solcher Art betrieben werden, dass die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite der Einheiten immer dieselbe ist, so sind die beiden Einheiten über null verstellbar. Werden dagegen die hydraulische Primäreinheit und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit des Fahrantriebs in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreis von solcher Art betrieben, dass die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite der Einheiten wechseln, so können im Prinzip Einheiten verwendet werden, die von null aus nur in eine Richtung verstellbar sind. Für die Verbindung des Hochdruckspeichers mit der jeweiligen Hochdruckseite ist eine Ventilanordnung vorhanden.The invention should predominantly be used in vehicles which, according to claim 8, have a hydraulic traction drive which has a hydraulic primary unit, a hydraulic secondary unit and a hydraulic accumulator. If in this case according to claim 9, the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit are operated in an open hydraulic circuit of such a type that the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the units is always the same, the two units are adjustable above zero. On the other hand, if the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit of the traction drive are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit of such a type that the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the units change, then in principle units can be used which are adjustable from zero in one direction only. For the connection of the high-pressure accumulator with the respective high-pressure side, a valve arrangement is present.
Gemäß Patentanspruch 11 sind die hydraulische Primäreinheit und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit des Fahrantriebs als hydrostatisches Getriebe mit einem quasi konstanten Betriebsdruck betreibbar, wobei die Sekundäreinheit entsprechend dem für den Fahrzustand notwendigen Drehmoment verstellt wird. Es ist dann ein Betrieb ohne prinzipbedingte Drosselverluste möglich.According to claim 11, the hydraulic primary unit and the hydraulic secondary unit of the traction drive are operated as a hydrostatic transmission with a quasi-constant operating pressure, wherein the secondary unit is adjusted according to the torque required for the driving state. It is then possible to operate without principle-related throttling losses.
Grundsätzlich ist die Erfindung, wie dies in Patentanspruch 12 angegeben ist, auch bei Fahrzeugen anwendbar, die einen elektrischen Fahrantrieb haben, der eine elektrische Primäreinheit, eine elektrische Sekundäreinheit und einen elektrischen Energiespeicher aufweistBasically, the invention, as indicated in claim 12, also applicable to vehicles having an electric traction drive having an electric primary unit, an electrical secondary unit and an electrical energy storage
Schließlich ist Nutzung der Erfindung nicht auf Fahrzeuge beschränkt, die einen rein hydraulischen oder einen rein elektrischen Fahrantrieb haben. Vielmehr kann der Fahrantrieb auch einen mechanischen Getriebeteil umfassen. Insbesondere kann das Fahrzeug ein Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebe mit einem mechanischen Zweig und einem hydraulischen oder elektrischen Zweig (Fahrantrieb im engeren Sinn)' haben. Für den Austausch von Leistung zwischen der Arbeitshydraulik und dem Fahrantrieb wird man dann bevorzugt nur die Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs verwenden. Grundsätzlich ist jedoch zumindest zusätzlich auch die Sekundäreinheit verwendbar, da über den mechanischen Zweig des Leistungsverzweigungs- getriebes eine mechanische Koppelung zwischen der Hydromaschine der Arbeitshydraulik und der Sekundäreinheit des Fahrantriebs möglich ist.Finally, use of the invention is not limited to vehicles having a purely hydraulic or a purely electric traction drive. Rather, the travel drive can also include a mechanical transmission part. Especially For example, the vehicle may have a power split transmission with a mechanical branch and a hydraulic or electrical branch (driveline in the narrower sense). For the exchange of power between the working hydraulics and the traction drive will then be preferred to use only the primary unit of the traction drive. In principle, however, the secondary unit can also be used, at least in addition, since a mechanical coupling between the hydraulic machine of the working hydraulics and the secondary unit of the traction drive is possible via the mechanical branch of the power split transmission.
Mehrere Ausführungsbeispiele von Fahrantrieb und Arbeitshydraulik eines erfindungsgemäßen Fahrzeugs sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt. Anhand der Figuren der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung nun näher erläutert.Several embodiments of travel drive and working hydraulics of a vehicle according to the invention are shown in the drawing. With reference to the figures of the drawing, the invention will now be explained in more detail.
Es zeigen Figur 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Primäreinheit und die Sekundäreinheit eines hydraulischen Fahrantriebs in einem offenen hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben werden,1 shows a first embodiment in which the primary unit and the secondary unit of a hydraulic traction drive are operated in an open hydraulic circuit,
Figur 2 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Primäreinheit und die Sekundäreinheit eines hydraulischen Fahrantriebs in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben werden, undFigure 2 shows a second embodiment in which the primary unit and the secondary unit of a hydraulic traction drive are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit, and
Figur 3 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem elektrischen Fahrantrieb.Figure 3 shows a third embodiment with an electric drive.
Bei allen gezeigten Ausführungsbeispielen ist als Primärantriebsmotor des Fahrzeugs ein Verbrennungskraftmotor 10, insbesondere ein Dieselmotor vorgesehen. Das Fahrzeug, das insbesondere dem Güterumschlag mit häufigem Stop and Go und mit Heben und Senken von Lasten dient, zum Beispiel ein Radlader, ein Gabelstapler, Reachstacker oder Straddle-Carrier, besitzt einen Fahrantrieb 11 und ein Arbeitshydrauliksystem 12. Zu letzterem gehören eine Hydromaschine 13, die als Hydropumpe und als Hydromotor betrieben werden kann und über null ver- stellbar ist. Zum Beispiel ist die Hydromaschine eine Axialkolbenmaschine inIn all the exemplary embodiments shown, a combustion engine 10, in particular a diesel engine, is provided as the primary drive engine of the vehicle. The vehicle, in particular for the frequent stop and go cargo handling and lifting and lowering of loads, for example a wheel loader, forklift, reachstacker or straddle carrier, has a travel drive 11 and a working hydraulic system 12. The latter includes a hydraulic machine 13 , which can be operated as a hydraulic pump and as a hydraulic motor and can be adjusted above zero. For example, the hydraulic machine is an axial piston machine
Schrägscheibenbauweise, deren Schrägscheibe von einer Nullstellung aus, in der die Axialkolben keinen Hub machen, nach beiden Richtungen verschwenkbar ist. Das Arbeitshydrauliksystem umfasst bei den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen weiterhin zumindest einen Hydrozylinder 14 sowie einen Ventilblock 15, mit dem die Druckmittelwege zwischen der Hydromaschine 13 und den hydraulischen Verbrauchern gemäß der gewünschten Bewegung und der gewünschten Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit steuerbar sind. Der Druckanschluss der Hydromaschine 13 ist mit dem Ventilblock 15 verbunden. Angesaugt wird das Druckmittel von der Hydromaschine 13 aus einem Tank 16. Wird nur ein einziger, einfach wirkender hydraulischer Verbraucher von der Hydromaschine mit Druckmittel versorgt, redu- ziert sich der Ventilblock auf ein Sperrventil zur Lasthaltung oder entfällt ganz.Swash plate design, whose swash plate from a zero position, in the the axial piston make no stroke, is pivotable in both directions. In the exemplary embodiments illustrated, the working hydraulic system further comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder 14 and a valve block 15 with which the pressure medium paths between the hydraulic machine 13 and the hydraulic consumers can be controlled according to the desired movement and the desired speed of movement. The pressure port of the hydraulic machine 13 is connected to the valve block 15. The pressure medium is sucked in from the hydraulic machine 13 from a tank 16. If only one single, single-acting hydraulic consumer is supplied with pressure medium by the hydraulic machine, the valve block is reduced to a check valve for load bearing or is completely eliminated.
Das Fahrantriebssystem umfasst bei allen drei Ausführungsbeispielen eine Primäreinheit bzw. eine Sekundäreinheit sowie einen Energiespeicher.The traction drive system comprises in all three embodiments, a primary unit or a secondary unit and an energy storage.
Das Fahrantriebssystem des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels ist ein hydraulisches System, das als Primäreinheit eine Hydromaschine 20, die eine Axialkolbenmaschine sein möge und über null verschwenkbar ist, als Sekundäreinheit eine Hydromaschine 21 , die ebenfalls eine Axialkolbenmaschine sein möge und ebenfalls über null verschwenkbar ist, und als Energiespeicher einen Hydrospeicher 22 um- fasst. Mit ihrem einen Anschluss sind die beiden Hydromaschinen 20 und 21 mit Tank 16 verbunden. Der Druckanschluss der Hydromaschine 20 ist mit dem Druckanschluss der Hydromaschine 21 verbunden. Die beiden Hydromaschinen 20 und 21 werden also in einem offenem hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben. Hochdruckseite und Niederdruckseite wechseln nicht. Zwischen den Hydrospeicher 22 und die Druckleitung 23 zwischen den beiden Hydromaschine 20 und 21 ist eine Ventilanordnung 24 eingefügt, über die der Hydrospeicher mit der Druckleitung verbunden oder von der Druckleitung getrennt werden kann.The traction drive system of the first embodiment is a hydraulic system having as a primary unit a hydraulic machine 20, which may be an axial piston and pivotable about zero, as secondary unit a hydraulic machine 21, which may also be an axial piston machine and is also pivotable above zero, and as energy storage a hydraulic accumulator 22. With their one connection, the two hydraulic machines 20 and 21 are connected to tank 16. The pressure port of the hydraulic machine 20 is connected to the pressure port of the hydraulic machine 21. The two hydraulic machines 20 and 21 are thus operated in an open hydraulic circuit. High pressure side and low pressure side do not change. Between the hydraulic accumulator 22 and the pressure line 23 between the two hydraulic machine 20 and 21, a valve assembly 24 is inserted, via which the hydraulic accumulator can be connected to the pressure line or separated from the pressure line.
Die Hydromaschine 21 ist mit ihrer Welle mechanisch mit einer Antriebsachse 25 des Fahrzeugs verbunden. Die Hydromaschine 13 des Arbeitshydrauliksystems und die Hydromaschine 20 des Fahrantriebs sitzen koaxial hintereinander und sind mechanisch an eine Triebwelle 26 des Verbrennungskraftmotors 10 angekoppelt, im Prinzip also auf einer gemeinsamen Welle angeordnet.The hydraulic machine 21 is mechanically connected with its shaft to a drive axle 25 of the vehicle. The hydraulic machine 13 of the working hydraulic system and the hydraulic machine 20 of the traction drive sit coaxially one behind the other and are mechanically coupled to a drive shaft 26 of the internal combustion engine 10, so in principle arranged on a common shaft.
Üblicherweise sind die Hydromaschinen 20 und 21 über die Druckleitung mitein- ander und mit dem Hydrospeicher 22 fluidisch verbunden und werden an einem Drucknetz mit „eingeprägtem" Betriebsdruck betrieben. Die Hydromaschine 21 ist sekundärgeregelt. Das Prinzip der Sekundärregelung ist ausführlich in dem Buch Hydrostatische Antriebe mit Sekundärregelung aus der Buchreihe „Der Hydraulik - Trainer", 1996 der Mannesmann Rexroth beschrieben. Mit dem Gaspedal und Bremspedal des Fahrzeugs wird für die Hydromaschine 21 ein Solldrehmoment vorgeben. Die Regelung der Hydromaschine stellt diese dann auf einen solchen Schwenkwinkel, dass das gewünschte Drehmoment erhalten wird. Der Druck in der Druckleitung 23 ist nicht konstant, sondern ändert sich durchaus. Durch Änderung des Schwenkwinkels wird die Druckänderung ausgeglichen. Beim Antreiben des Fahrzeugs arbeitet die Hydromaschine 21 als Hydromotor und entnimmt der Druckleitung 23 und - insbesondere beim Beschleunigen- dem Hydrospeicher 22 Druckflüssigkeit. Je nach Fahrtrichtung ist die Hydromaschine 21 dabei in die eine oder in die andere Richtung ausgeschwenkt. Zum Abbremsen des Fahrzeugs arbeitet die Hydromaschine 21 als Hydropumpe, die über die Achse 25 vom Fahr- zeug angetrieben wird und Druckflüssigkeit in den Hydrospeicher 22 fördert. Beim Bremsen ist die Hydromaschine gegenüber dem Beschleunigen in dieselbe Fahrtrichtung in Gegenrichtung ausgeschwenkt.The hydromachines 20 and 21 are usually fluidically connected to one another via the pressure line and to the hydraulic accumulator 22 and are operated on a pressure network with "impressed" operating pressure The hydraulic machine 21 is secondarily regulated The principle of secondary control is described in detail in the book Hydrostatic Drives Secondary regulation from the book series "Der Hydraulik - Trainer", 1996 the Mannesmann Rexroth described. With the accelerator pedal and brake pedal of the vehicle will specify a target torque for the hydraulic machine 21. The control of the hydraulic machine then sets them to a pivoting angle such that the desired torque is obtained. The pressure in the pressure line 23 is not constant, but changes quite. By changing the swivel angle, the pressure change is compensated. When driving the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 21 operates as a hydraulic motor and removes the pressure line 23 and - especially during acceleration - the hydraulic accumulator 22 hydraulic fluid. Depending on the direction of travel, the hydraulic machine 21 is swung out in one or the other direction. To brake the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 21 operates as a hydraulic pump, which is driven by the vehicle via the axle 25 and conveys hydraulic fluid into the hydraulic accumulator 22. When braking the hydraulic machine is swung in the same direction opposite to the acceleration in the opposite direction.
Über die beiden Hydromaschinen 13 und 20 ist beim Betrieb der Arbeitshydraulik zurückgewönne Energie in dem Hydrospeicher 22 der Fahrhydraulik speicherbar und Energie für den Betrieb der Arbeitshydraulik entnehmbar. Beim Absenken einer Last wirkt die Hydromaschine 13 als Hydromotor. Geschieht dies im Stillstand oder während des Abbremsens des Fahrzeugs treibt die Hydromaschine 13 als Hydromotor über die gemeinsame Welle 26 die als Hydropumpe arbeitende Hyd- romaschine 20 an. Da von der Hydromaschine 21 keine Leistung abgenommen wird, lädt die Hydromaschine 20 den Hydrospeicher 22 auf. Wird während des Fahrens eine Last gesenkt, dann wird das an der Hydromaschine 13 zurückgewonnene Moment über die gemeinsame Welle auf die als Pumpe arbeitende Hydromaschine 20 übertragen und treibt diese an. Dadurch wird das von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine aufzubringende Moment reduziert. Eine Energiespeicherung ist hier nicht notwendig. Wird während eines Abbremsens eine Last gehoben, fördert einerseits die als Hydropumpe arbeitende Hydromaschine 21 Druckmittel in das Drucknetz. Andererseits entnimmt die als Hydromotor arbeitende Hydromaschine 20 dem Drucknetz Druckmittel und treibt zusammen mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 10 die als Hydropumpe arbeitende Hydromaschine 13 an. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird im aufzubringenden Moment entlastet.About the two hydraulic motors 13 and 20 in the operation of the hydraulic power backgewonne energy in the hydraulic accumulator 22 of the drive hydraulics can be stored and energy for the operation of the working hydraulics removed. When lowering a load, the hydraulic machine 13 acts as a hydraulic motor. If this occurs at standstill or during the deceleration of the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 13 drives the hydromotor 20 acting as a hydraulic pump via the common shaft 26 as a hydraulic motor. Since no power is removed from the hydraulic machine 21, the hydraulic machine 20 charges the hydraulic accumulator 22. Will during the Driving a load lowered, then the moment recovered at the hydraulic machine 13 is transmitted via the common shaft to the working as a pump hydraulic machine 20 and drives them. As a result, the torque to be applied by the internal combustion engine is reduced. Energy storage is not necessary here. If a load is lifted during deceleration, on the one hand the hydromachine 21 operating as a hydraulic pump conveys pressure medium into the pressure network. On the other hand, working as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine 20 takes the pressure network pressure medium and drives together with the internal combustion engine 10, the working as a hydraulic pump hydraulic machine 13 at. The internal combustion engine is relieved in the torque to be applied.
Übliche Hydrospeicher sind auf Maximaldrücke im Bereich von 330 bar ausgelegt. Übliche Hydromaschine können mit Drücken bis zu 450 bar betrieben werden. Reicht nun das Drehmoment, das die Hydromaschine bei maximaler Verschwen- kung und einem Druck von 330 bar aufbringen kann, momentan nicht für den Fahrbetrieb des Fahrzeugs aus, so ermöglicht es der Ventilblock 24, den Hydrospeicher 22 von der Druckleitung zu trennen und mit einem höhern Druck zu arbeiten. Die beiden Hydromaschinen 20 und 21 sind dann volumenstromgekoppelt.Conventional hydraulic accumulators are designed for maximum pressures in the range of 330 bar. Conventional hydraulic machines can be operated with pressures up to 450 bar. If the torque, which can be applied by the hydraulic machine at maximum pivoting and a pressure of 330 bar, is not sufficient for the driving operation of the vehicle, the valve block 24 allows the hydraulic accumulator 22 to be separated from the pressure line and increased in height Pressure to work. The two hydraulic machines 20 and 21 are then volume flow coupled.
Bei einer Abwandlung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 1 können die Niederdruckseiten der beiden Hydromaschine auch miteinander und mit einem Niederdruckspeicher verbunden sein.In a modification of the embodiment of Figure 1, the low pressure sides of the two hydraulic machine can also be connected to each other and with a low-pressure accumulator.
Auch das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2 weist einen hydraulischen Fahrantrieb 11 mit einer primären Hydromaschine 20, die über null verschwenkbar ist, und mit einer mit der Antriebsachse 25 mechanisch gekoppelten sekundären Hydromaschine 31 auf. Die beiden Hydromaschinen werden in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreislauf betrieben und sind über die beiden Zweigleitungen 32 und 33 fluidisch miteinander verbunden, die wechselweise Hochdruck oder Niederdruck führen. Wegen des Wechsels der Hochdruck- und der Niederdruckseite kann hier als Hydromaschine 31 eine solche verwendet werden, die nicht über null verstell- bar ist. Neben dem Hochdruckhydrospeicher 22 ist ein Niederdruckhydrospeicher 34 vorhanden. Über einen Ventilblock 35 sind die beiden Hydrospeicher 22 wechselweise mit den Zweigleitungen 32 und 33 verbindbar, wobei der Ventilblock auch Komponenten zum Einspeisen von durch Leckage dem Kreislauf verlorengegan- gene Druckflüssigkeit enthalten kann. Für ein besonders hohes von der Hydroma- schine 31 aufzubringendes Drehmoment ist der Hydrospeicher 22 wie bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 1 gegen die Zweigleitungen absperrbar. Die beiden Hydromaschinen 20 und 31 sind dann volumenstromgekoppelt.Also, the embodiment of Figure 2 has a hydraulic drive 11 with a primary hydraulic machine 20 which is pivotable about zero, and with a mechanically coupled to the drive shaft 25 secondary hydraulic machine 31. The two hydraulic machines are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit and are fluidly connected to each other via the two branch lines 32 and 33, which alternately high pressure or low pressure lead. Because of the change of the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side, it is possible here as the hydraulic machine 31 to use one which does not adjust above zero. bar is. In addition to the high pressure hydraulic accumulator 22, a low pressure hydraulic accumulator 34 is present. Via a valve block 35, the two hydraulic accumulators 22 can be alternately connected to the branch lines 32 and 33, whereby the valve block can also contain components for feeding pressurized fluid lost by leakage to the circuit. For a particularly high torque to be applied by the hydraulic machine 31, the hydraulic accumulator 22 can be shut off against the branch lines, as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. The two hydraulic machines 20 and 31 are then volume flow coupled.
Beim Antreiben des Fahrzeugs arbeitet die Hydromaschine 31 als Hydromotor und entnimmt je nach Fahrtrichtung der Zweigleitung 32 oder der Zweigleitung 33 und - insbesondere beim Beschleunigen- dem über den Ventilblock an die entsprechende Zweigleitung angeschlossenen Hydrospeicher 22 Druckflüssigkeit. Zum Abbremsen des Fahrzeugs arbeitet die Hydromaschine 31 als Hydropumpe, die über die Achse 25 vom Fahrzeug angetrieben wird und Druckflüssigkeit über die entsprechende Zweigleitung in den Hydrospeicher 22 fördert. Beim Bremsen sind die Zweigleitungen 32 und 33 gegenüber dem Beschleunigen in dieselbe Fahrtrichtung hinsichtlich Hoch- und Niederdruckleitung vertauscht.When driving the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 31 operates as a hydraulic motor and takes depending on the direction of travel of the branch line 32 or the branch line 33 and - especially during acceleration - the hydraulic accumulator 22 connected via the valve block to the corresponding branch line hydraulic fluid. To brake the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 31 operates as a hydraulic pump, which is driven by the vehicle via the axis 25 and promotes hydraulic fluid via the corresponding branch line into the hydraulic accumulator 22. When braking the branch lines 32 and 33 are compared with the acceleration in the same direction with respect to high and low pressure line reversed.
Beim Absenken einer Last wirkt die Hydromaschine 13 als Hydromotor. Geschieht dies im Stillstand des Fahrzeugs treibt die Hydromaschine 13 als Hydromotor über die gemeinsame Welle 26 die als Hydropumpe arbeitende Hydromaschine 20 an. Dabei müssen die Förderrichtung, also die Schwenkstellung der HydromaschineWhen lowering a load, the hydraulic machine 13 acts as a hydraulic motor. If this happens at standstill of the vehicle, the hydraulic machine 13 drives as a hydraulic motor via the common shaft 26 to the working as a hydraulic pump hydraulic machine 20. In this case, the conveying direction, ie the pivot position of the hydraulic machine
21 und die durch den Ventilblock vorgenommene Wahl einer Zweigleitung als Hochdruckleitung aufeinander abgestimmt sein. Da von der Hydromaschine 31 keine Leistung abgenommen wird, lädt die Hydromaschine 20 den Hydrospeicher21 and made by the valve block choice of a branch line to be high pressure line matched. Since no power is taken from the hydraulic machine 31, the hydraulic machine 20 loads the hydraulic accumulator
22 auf. Geschieht das Absenken der Last während des Abbremsens des Fahrzeugs, ist die Hochdruckseite und damit auch die Schwenkstellung der Hydromaschine 20 bezüglich null durch die Fahrtrichtung festgelegt. Wird während des Fahrens eine Last gesenkt, dann wird das an der Hydromaschine 13 zurückgewonnene Moment über die gemeinsame Welle auf die als Pumpe arbeitende Hyd- romaschine 20 übertragen und treibt diese an. Die Fahrtrichtung gibt wiederum die Hochdruckseite und damit die Schwenkstellung der Hydromaschine 20 vor. Das von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine aufzubringende Moment wird reduziert. Eine Energiespeicherung ist hier nicht notwendig. Wird während eines Abbremsens ei- ne Last gehoben, fördert einerseits die als Hydropumpe arbeitende Hydromaschine 31 Druckmittel in das Drucknetz. Andererseits entnimmt die als Hydromotor arbeitende Hydromaschine 20 dem Drucknetz Druckmittel und treibt zusammen mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 10 die als Hydropumpe arbeitende Hydromaschine 13 an. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird im aufzubringenden Moment ent- lastet. Die Schwenkrichtung der Hydromaschine 20 ist durch die Fahrtrichtung während des Abbremsens vorgegeben.22 on. Happens lowering the load during the deceleration of the vehicle, the high pressure side and thus also the pivot position of the hydraulic machine 20 is fixed with respect to zero by the direction of travel. If a load is lowered while driving, then the torque recovered at the hydraulic machine 13 is transmitted via the common shaft to the hydraulic pump acting as a pump. machine 20 transfers and drives these. The direction of travel in turn is the high pressure side and thus the pivotal position of the hydraulic machine 20 before. The torque to be applied by the internal combustion engine is reduced. Energy storage is not necessary here. If a load is lifted during deceleration, on the one hand the hydraulic machine 31, which operates as a hydraulic pump, conveys pressure medium into the pressure network. On the other hand, working as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine 20 takes the pressure network pressure medium and drives together with the internal combustion engine 10, the working as a hydraulic pump hydraulic machine 13 at. The internal combustion engine is relieved in the moment to be applied. The pivoting direction of the hydraulic machine 20 is predetermined by the direction of travel during deceleration.
Das Fahrzeug gemäß dem Ausfϋhrungsbeispiel nach Figur 3 besitzt nicht einen hydraulischen, sondern einen elektrischen Fahrantrieb mit einer primären sowohl als Motor als auch als Generator betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine 40, mit einer sekundären als Motor als auch als Generator betreibbaren elektrischen Maschine 41 und mit einem elektrischen Energiespeicher 42. Die elektrische Maschine 40 hat mit der Hydromaschine 13 der Arbeitshydraulik eine gemeinsame Welle 26, ist also mechanisch mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 10 gekoppelt. Die elektri- sehe Maschine 41 ist mechanisch mit einer Antriebsachse 25 des Fahrzeugs verbunden. Der Energiespeicher 42 kann durch eine Batterie oder durch große Kondensatoren realisiert sein. The vehicle according to the Ausfϋhrungsbeispiel of Figure 3 has not a hydraulic, but an electric traction drive with a primary operable both as a motor and as a generator electric machine 40, with a secondary operated as a motor and as a generator electric machine 41 and with an electrical energy storage 42. The electric machine 40 has with the hydraulic machine 13 of the working hydraulics a common shaft 26, that is mechanically coupled to the internal combustion engine 10. The electric machine see machine 41 is mechanically connected to a drive axle 25 of the vehicle. The energy storage 42 may be realized by a battery or by large capacitors.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Fahrzeug, insbesondere mobile Arbeitsmaschine, mit einem Antriebsmotor (10), mit einem Arbeitshydrauliksystem (12), das eine Hydropumpe (13) zur Versorgung eines hydraulischen Verbrauchers (14) mit Druckmittel umfasst, und mit einem Fahrantrieb (11 ), der eine antriebsmotorseitige Primäreinheit (20; 40) und eine Sekundäreinheit (21 ; 31 ; 41 ), von denen zumindest eine verstellbar ist, und einen Energiespeicher (22; 42) aufweist, der leitungsmäßig unmittelbar mit der Primäreinheit (20; 40) und/oder der Sekundäreinheit (21 ; 31 ; 41 ) verbindbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Arbeitshydrauliksystem (12) eine als Hydromotor betreibbare Hydromaschine (13) zur Energierückgewinnung aufweist und dass eine Einheit (20; 40) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) derart ausgebildet ist, dass von ihr, von der Hydromaschine (13) mechanisch angetrieben, Energie aus dem Ar- beitshydrauliksystem (12) in den Energiespeicher (22; 42) übertragbar ist.1. vehicle, in particular mobile work machine, with a drive motor (10), with a working hydraulic system (12) comprising a hydraulic pump (13) for supplying a hydraulic load (14) with pressure medium, and with a traction drive (11) having a Drive unit-side primary unit (20; 40) and a secondary unit (21; 31; 41), of which at least one is adjustable, and an energy store (22; 42), the line directly with the primary unit (20; 40) and / or the Secondary unit (21; 31; 41) is connectable, characterized in that the working hydraulic system (12) operable as a hydraulic motor hydraulic machine (13) for energy recovery and that a unit (20; 40) of the traction drive (11) is designed such that from it, mechanically driven by the hydraulic machine (13), energy from the working hydraulic system (12) in the energy storage device (22, 42) is transferable.
2. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einheit (20; 40) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) als Motor und die Hydromaschine (13) des Arbeitshydrauliksystems (12) als Hydropumpe betreibbar sind und dass durch Antrieb der Hydromaschine (13) durch die Einheit (20; 40) der Fahrhydraulik (11 ) Energie aus dem Energiespeicher (22,; 42) in die Arbeitshydraulik (12) übertragbar ist.2. Vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit (20; 40) of the traction drive (11) as a motor and the hydraulic machine (13) of the working hydraulic system (12) are operated as a hydraulic pump and that by driving the hydraulic machine (13) the unit (20; 40) of the drive hydraulics (11) energy from the energy store (22, 42) in the working hydraulics (12) is transferable.
3. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 , 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydromaschine (13) des Arbeitshydrauliksystems (12) in ihrem Hubvolumen ver- stellbar ist.3. Vehicle according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the hydraulic machine (13) of the working hydraulic system (12) is adjustable in its stroke volume.
4. Fahrzeug nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydromaschine (13) des Arbeitshydrauliksystems (12) und die Primäreinheit (20; 40) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) auf einer gemeinsamen Welle (26) angeordnet sind. 4. Vehicle according to one of the preceding claims 1, characterized in that the hydraulic machine (13) of the working hydraulic system (12) and the primary unit (20; 40) of the traction drive (11) are arranged on a common shaft (26).
5. Fahrzeug nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hydromaschine identisch mit der Hydropumpe (13) ist, die in einem hydraulischen Kreislauf zur Versorgung des hydraulischen Verbrauchers (14) des Arbeitshydrauliksystems (12) mit Druckmittel dient.5. Vehicle according to any preceding claim; characterized in that the hydraulic machine is identical to the hydraulic pump (13) which serves in a hydraulic circuit for supplying the hydraulic load (14) of the working hydraulic system (12) with pressure medium.
6. Fahrzeug nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Primäreinheit (20, 40) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) verstellbar ist.6. Vehicle according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the primary unit (20, 40) of the traction drive (11) is adjustable.
7. Fahrzeug nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Sekundäreinheit (21 ; 31 ; 41 ) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) verstellbar ist.7. Vehicle according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the secondary unit (21; 31; 41) of the traction drive (11) is adjustable.
8. Fahrzeug nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fahrantrieb (11 ) ein hydraulischer Fahrantrieb ist, der eine hydraulische Primäreinheit (20), eine hydraulischen Sekundäreinheit (21 ; 319 und einen Hydrospeicher (22) als Energiespeicher aufweist.8. Vehicle according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the traction drive (11) is a hydraulic traction drive having a hydraulic primary unit (20), a hydraulic secondary unit (21; 319 and a hydraulic accumulator (22) as energy storage.
9. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hydraulische Primäreinheit (20) und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit (21 ) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) in einem offenem hydraulischen Kreis von solcher Art betrieben wer- den, dass die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite der Einheiten (20, 21 ) immer dieselbe ist.9. Vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the hydraulic primary unit (20) and the hydraulic secondary unit (21) of the traction drive (11) are operated in an open hydraulic circuit of such type that the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the units (20, 21) is always the same.
10. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hydraulische Primäreinheit (20) und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit (31 ) des Fahran- triebs (11 ) in einem geschlossenen hydraulischen Kreis von solcher Art betrieben werden, dass die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite der Einheiten (20, 31 ) wechseln.10. Vehicle according to claim 8, characterized in that the hydraulic primary unit (20) and the hydraulic secondary unit (31) of the driving drive (11) are operated in a closed hydraulic circuit of such a type that the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the units (20, 31) change.
11. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 8, 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die hydraulische Primäreinheit (20) und die hydraulische Sekundäreinheit (21 ; 31 ) des Fahrantriebs (11 ) als hydrostatisches Getriebe mit einem quasi konstanten Betriebsdruck betreibbar sind, wobei die Sekundäreinheit (21 ; 31 ) entsprechend dem für den gewünschten Fahrzustand notwendigen Drehmoment verstellt wird.11. Vehicle according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the hydraulic primary unit (20) and the hydraulic secondary unit (21; 31) of the traction drive (11) as a hydrostatic transmission with a quasi-constant Operating pressure can be operated, wherein the secondary unit (21, 31) is adjusted according to the torque required for the desired driving condition.
12. Fahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüchel bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fahrantrieb (11 ) ein elektrischer Fahrantrieb ist, der eine elektrische Primäreinheit (40), eine elektrische Sekundäreinheit (41 ) und einen elektrischen Energiespeicher (42) aufweist12. Vehicle according to one of Ansprüchel to 7, characterized in that the traction drive (11) is an electric traction drive having an electric primary unit (40), an electrical secondary unit (41) and an electrical energy store (42)
13. Fahrzeug nach einem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass der Fahrantrieb der eine Zweig eines Leistungsverzweigungsge- triebes ist.13. Vehicle according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the travel drive is one branch of a power split transmission.
14. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kupplung vorhanden ist, durch die die Primäreinheit des Fahrantriebs von dem mecha- nischen Zweig des Leistungsverzweigungsgetriebes trennbar ist.14. Vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that a coupling is provided, through which the primary unit of the traction drive is separable from the mechanical branch of the power branching transmission.
15. Fahrzeug nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Übertragung von Energie zwischen der Arbeitshydraulik und dem Energiespeicher des Fahrantriebs beide Einheiten des Fahrantriebs betrieben werden. 15. Vehicle according to claim 13, characterized in that for the transmission of energy between the working hydraulics and the energy storage of the traction drive both units of the traction drive are operated.
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CN102192199A (en) * 2010-09-07 2011-09-21 杨崇恩 Power driven system and oil pumping unit applying same
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US10399572B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2019-09-03 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Hydraulic hybrid propel circuit with hydrostatic option and method of operation
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CN102192199A (en) * 2010-09-07 2011-09-21 杨崇恩 Power driven system and oil pumping unit applying same
US10233949B2 (en) 2011-03-21 2019-03-19 Dana Belgium N.V. Accumulator assisted hydrostatic driveline and optimization method thereof
WO2013080633A1 (en) * 2011-12-01 2013-06-06 株式会社小松製作所 Regeneration control device for work vehicles and regeneration control method for work vehicles
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US9435355B2 (en) 2012-06-29 2016-09-06 Eaton Corporation Hydraulic launch assist system
US20150176226A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 Hamm Ag Drive system, in particular for a self-propelled construction machine, in particular a soil compactor
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US10399572B2 (en) 2014-05-06 2019-09-03 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Hydraulic hybrid propel circuit with hydrostatic option and method of operation
US10408237B2 (en) 2014-10-27 2019-09-10 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Hydraulic hybrid propel circuit with hydrostatic option and method of operation
CN111237262A (en) * 2018-12-26 2020-06-05 金马工业集团股份有限公司 Hydraulic system

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