WO2009127158A1 - 用于射频识别系统的信号增强器芯片及其信号增强器 - Google Patents

用于射频识别系统的信号增强器芯片及其信号增强器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009127158A1
WO2009127158A1 PCT/CN2009/071326 CN2009071326W WO2009127158A1 WO 2009127158 A1 WO2009127158 A1 WO 2009127158A1 CN 2009071326 W CN2009071326 W CN 2009071326W WO 2009127158 A1 WO2009127158 A1 WO 2009127158A1
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Prior art keywords
signal
module
demodulation
reader
circuit
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PCT/CN2009/071326
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金可威
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上海坤锐电子科技有限公司
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Priority to US12/937,438 priority Critical patent/US8543163B2/en
Priority to EP09732598A priority patent/EP2267646B1/en
Publication of WO2009127158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009127158A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07771Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card the record carrier comprising means for minimising adverse effects on the data communication capability of the record carrier, e.g. minimising Eddy currents induced in a proximate metal or otherwise electromagnetically interfering object
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10158Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
    • G06K7/10178Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field including auxiliary means for focusing, repeating or boosting the electromagnetic interrogation field

Definitions

  • Amplitude Shift Keying takes different values according to the amplitude of the carrier, for example, corresponding to binary 0, the carrier amplitude is 0; corresponding to binary 1, the carrier amplitude is 1.
  • the amplitude modulation technique is simple to implement, but is susceptible to gain variations.
  • Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulates the frequency of a carrier by the value of digital data (such as 0 or 1). For example, the frequency of the carrier signal corresponding to binary 0 is F1, and the frequency of the carrier signal corresponding to binary 1 is F2.
  • the technology has good anti-interference performance, but it occupies a large bandwidth.
  • Phase Shift Keying modulates the carrier phase by the value of the digital data. For example, a phase shift of 180 is used to indicate 1 and a phase shift of 0 is used to represent 0.
  • This modulation technique has the best anti-interference performance, and the phase change can also be used as timing information to synchronize the clocks of the transmitter and receiver, and double the transmission rate.
  • RFID technology In recent years, driven by the demand for rail transit, logistics management, anti-counterfeiting, and identification, RFID technology has continued to advance and applications have become more and more popular.
  • the market is in urgent need of various RFID electronic tags and identification devices.
  • the cardholder deposits a certain amount in the electronic tag in advance, and deducts the transaction amount directly from the stored value account during the transaction.
  • single-function electronic tags also have some disadvantages, such as: electronic tag recharge must go to a special recharge center, there is no way to set a password for a large transaction, and it is impossible to combine RFID payment and mobile payment.
  • mobile communication terminals have experienced rapid development for more than 20 years, and have almost become a necessary portable device for consumers.
  • the penetration rate is very high, and there is a tendency to integrate more functions on mobile terminals.
  • It is a mature technology to use the mobile communication network of the mobile phone itself, such as GSM, CDMA, etc., but the effective combination of the mobile phone and the electronic tag, so that the mobile phone is conveniently used like a bus card is the development direction of the current radio frequency identification, and is also provided by the device.
  • Business and mobile operators are currently aggressively exploring the market.
  • the Combi SIM card solution also known as the dual interface SIM card solution, refers to replacing the internal SIM card of the mobile phone with a Combi SIM card, and adding a non-contact IC card application interface based on the function of the SIM card retaining the original contact interface.
  • the non-contact antenna of the non-contact IC card is printed on the plastic film and attached to the surface of the SIM card. 2.
  • the non-contact antenna of the non-contact IC card is attached to the mobile phone as a separate component. , the antenna is led to the front or back of the mobile phone, and the antenna is connected to the C4 and C8 interfaces that are not used by the SIM card.
  • the antenna is attached to the surface of the SIM card or led to the front or back of the mobile phone. During the installation process, the antenna is easily broken and damaged, and the user is inconvenient to use, and at the same time, due to the battery of the mobile phone and the circuit board.
  • the shielding function, the signal of the reader received by the dual interface SIM card and the signal reflected to the reader are very weak. Therefore, the quality of the communication between the dual interface SIM card and the reader is very poor, and the reader can hardly receive the return of the dual interface SIM card. Answer.
  • the typical dual interface IC card chip is mainly composed of a radio frequency (RF) interface, a central processing unit (CPU), an interrupt processor, a random number generator, a read only memory (ROM), EEPROM (programmable electrical erase read-only memory), external RAM (ie random access memory), cyclic redundancy check (CRC) module, clock module, ISO/IEC7816 and other modules.
  • RF radio frequency
  • CPU central processing unit
  • interrupt processor a random number generator
  • ROM read only memory
  • EEPROM programmable electrical erase read-only memory
  • external RAM ie random access memory
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • the RF interface is a communication interface between the dual interface IC card and the 13.56 MHz reader;
  • the CPU is a central processing unit of the dual interface IC card, and is mainly used for the communication of the mobile phone and the completion of the transaction of the 13.56 MHz reader together with the internal software;
  • the processor is mainly used to process interrupts of various peripherals;
  • the ROM is used to store internal firmware programs;
  • the EEPROM and external RAM are used to store data and intermediate variables of the dual interface IC card;
  • the CRC module is used to generate cyclic redundancy check The code ensures the integrity of the data during communication;
  • the clock module is used for internal clock processing;
  • the ISO/IEC 7816 module is the communication interface between the mobile phone and the dual interface IC card, and is the channel through which the mobile phone provides power to the IC card.
  • the invention solves the problem of poor communication quality between the dual interface SIM card and the reader when the prior art dual interface SIM card is applied to the mobile phone environment.
  • a signal booster chip for a radio frequency identification system comprising: a receiving circuit, a transmitting circuit and a power module, wherein the receiving circuit comprises a demodulation amplifying module and a digital quantization module.
  • the transmitting circuit includes a logic control module and a modulation module; wherein, the demodulation and amplification module is configured to amplify and demodulate the communication signal sent by the received dual interface SIM card, and output an analog communication signal;
  • a modulation module configured to form, according to the subcarrier signal, a communication signal to be sent.
  • the invention provides a signal booster comprising the above described signal booster chip.
  • the above signal booster chip has the following advantages: receiving the communication signal sent by the dual interface SIM card, and performing signal enhancement processing thereon, and then transmitting the amplified communication signal to the reader to improve the mobile phone
  • the shielding of the battery and the circuit board leads to a serious attenuation of the communication signal from the dual interface SIM card, which ensures that the reader can receive a communication signal of sufficient strength and achieve successful reading.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of a typical dual interface IC card of the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an RF interface circuit of a typical dual interface IC card of the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio frequency identification system to which a signal booster of the present invention is applied;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the signal booster of the present invention
  • 6a is a simplified schematic diagram of a circuit for implementing a coherent demodulation method in the demodulation and amplification module of FIG. 5;
  • 6b is a simplified schematic diagram of a circuit for implementing a non-coherent demodulation method for diode peak envelope demodulation in the demodulation and amplification module of FIG. 5;
  • Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram showing an amplifying circuit in the demodulation and amplification module shown in Fig. 5.
  • the inventors propose to provide a signal booster for relaying a communication signal between a dual interface SIM card and a reader.
  • the reader 1 mainly performs the transmission of the transaction command and the reception of the response
  • the dual interface SIM card 10 mainly receives the transaction command and gives a response
  • the signal booster 2 is mainly in the dual interface SIM card 10. Relaying and enhancement of communication signals with reader 1. Specifically, the signal sent by the reader 1 is directly received by the dual interface SIM card 10 in the mobile communication device 9; and the signal that the dual interface SIM card 10 responds to the reader 1 is first modulated in ASK, FSK or PSK.
  • the signal booster 2 is sent to the signal booster 2, and after the signal enhancement is completed, the enhanced signal is returned to the reader 1 for reading.
  • the signal booster 2 is affixed to the reader 1 or to the mobile communication device 9 for enhancing the response signal of the dual interface SIM card 10 returning to the reader 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the external structure of the signal booster of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of the signal booster of the present invention.
  • the signal transmission and reception of the signal booster 2 is realized by two antennas. Specifically, it includes: a receiving antenna 8 in which the signal booster 2 and the dual interface SIM card 10 communicate, a signal booster chip 5 that performs enhancement processing on the communication signal received by the receiving antenna 8, a signal booster 2, and a transmitting antenna 7 in which the reader 1 communicates .
  • the signal booster chip 5 includes a first antenna pin 51, a second antenna pin 52, a third antenna pin 53, and a fourth antenna pin 54.
  • the transmitting antenna 7 is connected to the first antenna pin 51 and the second antenna pin 52 of the signal booster chip 5 by wires; the receiving antenna 8 is connected to the signal booster by wires The third antenna 53 and the fourth antenna pin 54 of the chip 5.
  • the signal from the reader 1 is directly received by the dual interface SIM card 10 in the mobile communication device 9, and the signal that the dual interface SIM card 10 answers to the reader 1 is sent to the signal booster 2 and the dual interface.
  • the receiving antenna 8 for communication by the SIM card 10 is signal-enhanced by the signal booster chip 5, and then returned to the reader 1 via the transmitting antenna 7 in a frequency protocol consistent with the reader 1.
  • the modulation mode of the communication between the dual interface SIM card 10 and the signal booster 2 is ASK, FSK or PSK modulation, and the carrier signal frequency can be 6.78 MHz, 13.56 MHz or 27.12 MHz.
  • the signal booster 2 is responsive to the signal frequency of the reader 1, the protocol is consistent with the frequency of the reader 1 communication, and may be, but is not limited to, the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, the ISO/IEC 15693 or the ISO 11784/ISO 11785 standard.
  • the carrier energy emitted by the reader 1 is directly taken through the transmitting antenna 7.
  • the signal booster chip 5 further includes a receiving circuit, a transmitting circuit, and a power module 506.
  • the receiving circuit further includes a filter 501, a demodulation and amplification module 502, and a digital quantization module 503.
  • the transmitting circuit further includes a logic control module 504 and a modulation module 505.
  • the receiving antenna 8 transmits the communication signal sent by the dual interface SIM card 10 to the signal booster 2 to the input end of the filter 501, and is filtered by the filter 501 to obtain a clean modulation to be demodulated. signal.
  • the filter 501 is composed of a band pass filter and a band rejection filter, and the band pass filter is used for a modulated wave signal and a carrier signal sent by the band pass filtering dual interface SIM card to the signal booster 2,
  • the band rejection filter is used to filter the modulated wave signal and the carrier sent to the signal booster 2 by the filter 1
  • the specific value of the frequency of the carrier signal is determined by the communication standard used by the signal booster chip 5.
  • the carrier signal frequency is 13.56 MHz;
  • the frequency of the carrier signal is 100 kHz - 150 kHz, for example 134.2 kHz.
  • the band rejection filter and the band pass filter in the filter 501 can be used without being limited to a Chebyshev filter.
  • the output end of the filter 501 is connected to the input end of the demodulation and amplification module 502, and the demodulation and amplification module 502 is configured to perform amplification processing and demodulation on the communication signal output by the filter 501, which may specifically include amplification. Circuit and demodulation circuit.
  • Figure 7 shows a circuit diagram of an amplifying circuit.
  • the amplifying circuit includes: a second PNP tube Q2, a first PNP tube Q1, first and second capacitors Cl, C2, and a plurality of resistors R1 to R8.
  • the amplifying circuit belongs to a cascode-combined amplifying circuit, wherein an emitter of the second PNP tube Q2 and an emitter of the first PNP tube Q1 are grounded, and a base of the second PNP tube Q2 is used for receiving the The demodulation signal output of the demodulation circuit is output, and the collector of the first PNP tube Q1 serves as an output terminal.
  • the signal demodulation method of the demodulation amplification module 502 can be applied to, but not limited to, a demodulation circuit that implements a coherent demodulation method or a non-coherent demodulation method.
  • a demodulation circuit that implements a coherent demodulation method or a non-coherent demodulation method.
  • diode peak envelope demodulation, average envelope demodulation, and the like can be used for the non-coherent demodulation method.
  • Corresponding circuits of the prior art that can implement a coherent or non-coherent demodulation method can be used as the demodulation amplification module 502 herein.
  • FIG. 6a shows a simplified schematic of a circuit for implementing a coherent demodulation method.
  • the demodulation circuit includes a multiplier 210 and a low-pass filter 211.
  • the input signal Vi filtered by the filter 501 and amplified, and the local carrier signal is processed by the multiplier 210, and then filtered by the low-pass filter 211. Thereafter, a demodulated output signal Vo is generated.
  • Figure 6b shows a simplified schematic of a circuit for implementing a non-coherent demodulation method for diode peak envelope demodulation.
  • the demodulation circuit includes a detection diode 212, a capacitor C connected at one end to the cathode of the detector diode 212, and a resistor R connected at one end to the cathode of the detector diode 212, and the capacitor C and the resistor R are connected in parallel.
  • the demodulation circuit performs a diode peak envelope solution after receiving the input signal Vi Adjust, output demodulation output signal Vo.
  • the analog communication signal subjected to the demodulation and amplification module 502 is outputted to the input terminal of the digital quantization module 503 for quantization processing by the digital quantization module 503.
  • the digital quantization circuit 22 may convert an analog communication signal output by the demodulation circuit 20 into a digital communication signal by using an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or a comparator (ie, a Comparator) circuit.
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • comparator ie, a Comparator
  • the subcarrier signal generated by the logic control module 504 is based on the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, ISO/IEC 15693 or IS011784/IS011785 standard used by the signal booster chip 5.
  • the subcarrier signal frequency is 847 kHz; when the ISO/IEC 15693 standard is used, the subcarrier signal frequency is 423.75 kHz or 484.28 kHz.
  • the modulation module 505 is configured to form a communication signal to be sent according to the subcarrier signal.
  • Modulation circuit For example, when the demodulated communication signal uses load modulation, the following method can be used: Modulation is performed using a subcarrier or a plurality of subcarriers modulated onto a carrier frequency to form a modulated signal. Among them, the frequency and number of subcarriers are determined by the protocol used.
  • the modulation module 505 can control the high-level or low-level control according to the modulated signal to connect the insulated gate field effect transistor (referred to as MOS tube) switch 5051 at both ends of the transmitting antenna 7, thereby changing the signal applied to the transmitting antenna 7
  • MOS tube insulated gate field effect transistor
  • the MOS transistor switch 5051 When the modulation module 505 passes a high level, the MOS transistor switch 5051 is turned on, and the transmitting antenna 7 constitutes a loop, so that a load current flows, and a subcarrier reflection modulation signal is generated and returned to the reader 1 When the modulation module 505 passes the low level, the MOS transistor switch 5051 is turned off, and the transmitting antenna 7 does not constitute a loop, so that no load current flows, and no subcarrier reflection modulation signal is returned.
  • the reader is directly accessed through the transmitting antenna 7
  • the carrier energy emitted by the power module 506 is generated by the bridge rectifier circuit to generate the working power required for the operation of the signal booster chip 5 for use by the entire chip of the signal booster chip 5.
  • the transmitting antenna 7 of the signal booster transmits carrier energy from the reader 1 to the signal booster chip 5 of the signal booster 2 in addition to the communication channel of the reader 1 and the signal booster 2 described above.
  • Power module 506 Because of the transmission of the carrier energy, the signal booster 2 can be disconnected from an external DC or AC power source for passive operation.

Description

用于射频识别系统的信号增强器芯片及其信号增强器 本申请要求于 2008 年 4 月 18 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200810036254.3、 发明名称为 "用于射频识别系统的信号增强器芯片及其信号 增强器 "的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明涉及射频识别技术,特别涉及一种用于射频识别系统的信号增强器 芯片及其信号增强器。
背景技术
包括非接触集成电路卡( Integrated Circuit Card, 简称 IC卡 )在内的射频 识别技术( Radio Frequency Identification , 以下简称 RFID )技术经过十多年的 发展, 已深入现代生活的各个角落, 被广泛应用于公交、 门禁、 小额电子支付 等领域。射频识别技术是自动识别技术的一种,射频识别系统的组成一般至少 包括两个部分: (1 ) 电子标签, 英文名称为 Tag; ( 2 ) 阅读器, 英文名称为 Reader。 电子标签中一般保存有约定格式的电子数据, 在实际应用中, 电子标 签附着在待识别物体的表面。 阅读器又称为读出装置, 可无接触地读取并识别 电子标签中所保存的电子数据, 从而达到自动识别物体的目的。 进一步, 通过 计算机及计算机网络, 可实现对物体识别信息的釆集、处理及远程传送等管理 功能。 对大多数 RFID系统而言, 将釆用一个固定的频率, 并有一套标准协议 与它相配套。
RFID领域广泛釆用数字调制技术, 如 ASK、 FSK和 PSK调制。 幅度键 控(Amplitude Shift Keying, 简称 ASK )即按载波的幅度受到数字数据的调制 而取不同的值, 例如对应二进制 0, 载波振幅为 0; 对应二进制 1 , 载波振幅 为 1。调幅技术实现起来简单,但容易受增益变化的影响。频移键控(Frequency Shift Keying, 简称 FSK )即按数字数据的值(如 0或 1 )调制载波的频率。 例 如对应二进制 0的载波信号的频率为 F1 , 而对应二进制 1的载波信号的频率 为 F2。该技术抗干扰性能好,但占用带宽较大。相移键控(Phase Shift Keying, 简称 PSK )即按数字数据的值调制载波相位。 例如用 180相移表示 1 , 用 0相 移表示 0。 这种调制技术抗干扰性能最好, 且相位的变化也可以作为定时信息 来同步发送机和接收机的时钟, 并对传输速率起到加倍的作用。 这几种调制方 式都是现有的成熟调制技术, 广泛应用于各通信系统中。
近年来, 在轨道交通、 物流管理、 物品防伪、 身份识别等需求推动下, RFID技术不断进步, 应用越来越普及, 市场迫切需要各类 RFID电子标签和 识别设备。 电子标签内部一般有一个电子钱包,持卡人预先在电子标签中存入 一定的金额, 交易时直接从储值账户中扣除交易金额。但单一功能电子标签也 有一些缺点, 比如: 电子标签充值必须到专门的充值中心、 比较大额的交易没 有办法设置密码以及无法将 RFID支付和移动支付结合起来等。
而与此同时, 移动通信终端经历 20多年的迅速发展, 几乎已经成为消费 者人手必备的随身装置, 普及率非常高, 并且有在移动终端上集成更多功能的 趋势。 利用手机本身的移动通信网络如 GSM、 CDMA等进行支付是现有的成 熟技术,但将手机和电子标签有效结合起来, 让手机像公交卡这样方便使用是 目前射频识别的发展方向, 也是设备提供商和移动运营商目前大力开拓的市 场。
受日本和韩国手机支付的影响, 小额支付是运营商一直期望进入的领域。 由于能够非常好地为实时支付和现场支付提供解决方案,非接触式近距离射频 识别具有极为广阔的应用前景,并将为目前发展緩慢的移动支付产业带来前所 未有的机遇。 而结合移动终端与 RFID技术的一机多用或一"" ^多用将会是未来 十年的新的发展方向。 特别是在 3G 时代, 无处不在的具有无线连接功能的 RFID读写器与非接触式应用的 RFID将是发展的重中之重。 目前业界主要有 两套基于非接触技术的解决方案: Combi SIM卡方案和近场通信(NFC )方案。
Combi SIM卡方案, 又称双界面 SIM卡方案, 指用 Combi SIM卡替换手 机内部 SIM卡,在保留原接触式界面的 SIM卡功能基础上增加非接触 IC卡应 用界面。 比较典型的做法有两种: 一、 非接触 IC卡的非接触天线印刷在塑料 薄膜上, 再贴至 SIM卡表面; 二、 非接触 IC卡的非接触天线作为一个独立的 部件附加在手机中, 将天线引到手机的正面或反面, 天线连接在 SIM卡尚未 使用的 C4和 C8两个接口上。 但这两种方案的缺点是: 天线贴到 SIM卡表面 或者引出到手机正面或反面, 在安装过程中很容易造成天线断裂、 损坏, 并造 成用户使用不方便, 同时由于手机电池和电路板的屏蔽作用, 双界面 SIM卡 能收到的阅读器的信号和反射给阅读器的信号都非常微弱。 因此, 双界面 SIM 卡和阅读器之间通信的质量非常差, 阅读器几乎收不到双界面 SIM卡返回的 应答。
而 NFC方案是近年由 Nokia、 Philips等公司提出有关射频识别的一种新 的方案, 基本的做法是在新设计的手机中加入用于支付的 RFID模块, RFID 模块和手机之间用专门的通信协议进行相互通信。这种方法可以比较好地解决 利用手机进行射频识别的问题,但缺点是用户必须去改造现有的手机, 甚至购 买一个全新的手机, 这在现阶段并不是所有用户都能接受的方法, 而且对整个 社会而言也是很大的资源浪费。
请参阅图 1现有技术典型双界面 IC卡的内部结构示意图和图 2现有技术 典型双界面 IC卡的 RF接口电路示意图。 由 Gemplus公司推出的典型的双界 面 IC卡芯片结构图如图 1所示,接触式部分通信标准符合 ISO/IEC7816标准, 非接触式部分通信标准符合 ISO/IEC 14443 TYPEA/TYPEB标准。 该典型的双 界面 IC卡芯片主要由射频 (Radio Frequency, 简称 RF )接口、 中央处理器 ( Central Processing Unit, 以下简称 CPU )、 中断处理器、 随机数发生器、 只 读存储器 (简称 ROM )、 EEPROM (即可编程的电擦除只读存储器)、外部 RAM (即随机存取存储器)、 循环冗余校验 (简称 CRC ) 模块、 时钟模块、 ISO/IEC7816等模块组成。 其中, RF接口是双界面 IC卡和 13.56MHz阅读器 的通信接口; CPU是双界面 IC卡的中央处理器, 和内部软件一起主要用于手 机通信的进行和 13.56MHz阅读器交易的完成; 中断处理器主要用于处理各种 外设的中断; ROM用于存储内部的固件程序; EEPROM和外部 RAM用于存 储双界面 IC卡的数据和中间变量等; CRC模块用于产生循环冗余校验码, 保 证通信过程中数据的完整性; 时钟模块用于内部的时钟处理; ISO/IEC 7816 模块是手机和双界面 IC卡的通信接口, 且是手机提供电源给 IC卡的通道。
如图 2所示, RF接口主要由 13.56MHz的非接触式天线、 解调电路、 数 字量化电路和调制电路组成。
阅读器发到双界面 IC卡的信号通过 13.56MHz天线接收下来, 由于阅读 器发到双界面 IC卡的信号是 100% ASK的调制信号,双界面 IC卡中解调电路 釆用二极管峰值包络检波的方式进行解调。检波输出后,信号将经过量化电路 进行量化处理后变成逻辑电路所需的基带信号, 再送 CPU进行处理。
当双界面 IC卡向阅读器应答信号时, 由 CPU完成编码, 并送到调制电路 进行调制, 通过改变 RF接口中调制电路里的负载电阻完成信号的应答反射。 由于手机电池和电路板的屏蔽作用, 如果双界面 IC 卡替换现有的普通 SIM卡应用到手机环境中, 双界面 IC卡将无法可靠收到阅读器发出的命令信 号, 同时双界面 IC卡发出的信号经手机环境后将大幅衰减, 如此小的应答信 号无法由阅读器接收并区分出来。
发明内容
本发明解决现有技术双界面 SIM卡应用到手机环境中时, 其和阅读器之 间的通信质量较差的问题。
为解决上述问题,本发明在一个方面提供一种用于射频识别系统的信号增 强器芯片, 包括: 接收电路、 发送电路和电源模块, 所述接收电路包括解调放 大模块和数字量化模块, 所述发送电路包括逻辑控制模块和调制模块; 其中, 解调放大模块, 用于将接收到的双界面 SIM卡发送的通信信号放大并解 调, 输出模拟通信信号;
数字量化模块,用于将解调放大模块所输出的模拟通信信号转化为数字通 信信号;
逻辑控制模块, 用于处理数字量化模块输出的数字通信信号, 并产生返回 至阅读器所需的副载波信号;
调制模块, 用于根据所述副载波信号, 形成待发送的通信信号。
本发明在另一方面提供一种包括有上述信号增强器芯片的信号增强器。 与现有技术相比, 上述信号增强器芯片具有以下优点: 通过接收双界面 SIM卡发送的通信信号, 并对其作信号增强处理,再将放大的通信信号发送至 阅读器, 以改善由于手机电池和电路板的屏蔽导致双界面 SIM卡发出的通信 信号衰减严重的情况,能够确保阅读器能接收到足够强度的通信信号并实现成 功阅读。
附图说明
在说明书附图中:
图 1是现有技术典型双界面 IC卡的内部结构示意图;
图 2是现有技术典型双界面 IC卡的 RF接口电路示意图;
图 3是应用本发明信号增强器的射频识别系统的结构示意图;
图 4是本发明信号增强器的外部结构示意图;
图 5是本发明信号增强器的内部结构示意图; 图 6a是图 5所示解调放大模块中一种实现相干解调方法的电路的简易示 意图;
图 6b是图 5所示解调放大模块中一种实现二极管峰值包络解调的非相干 解调方法的电路的简易示意图;
图 7是图 5所示解调放大模块中一种放大电路的电路示意图。
具体实施方式
为详细说明本发明的技术内容、 构造特征、 所达成目的及功效, 下面将结 合实施例并配合图式予以详细说明。 发明人发现, 在具有双界面 SIM卡的射频识别系统中, 由于手机电池和 电路板的屏蔽作用, 双界面 SIM卡 10发出的信号经手机环境后将大幅衰减, 如果没有信号增强器 2进行信号的增强, 阅读器 1就无法收到双界面 SIM卡 10返回的应答信号, 也就无法实现双界面 SIM卡 10和阅读器 1的正常通信。
有鉴于此, 发明人提出在双界面 SIM卡与阅读器之间设置用于对通信信 号进行中继放大的信号增强器。
图 3显示了应用了本发明信号增强器的射频识别系统的结构示意图。如图 3所示, 所述射频识别系统包括: 阅读器 1、 后台系统 3、 阅读器 1和后台系 统 3的通信接口 4、移动通信设备 9, 该射频识别系统还包括双界面 SIM卡 10 和信号增强器 2。 其中, 双界面 SIM卡 10安装在移动通信设备 9 (例如为手 机)上, 信号增强器 2设置在阅读器 1上或者移动通信设备 9上, 用于增强双 界面 SIM卡 10返回到阅读器 1的应答信号。
在所述射频识别系统中, 阅读器 1 主要进行交易命令的发送和响应的接 收, 双界面 SIM卡 10主要进行交易命令的接收并给出响应, 而信号增强器 2 主要在双界面 SIM卡 10和阅读器 1之间作通信信号的中继和增强。具体来讲, 阅读器 1发出的信号由移动通信设备 9中的双界面 SIM卡 10直接接收; 而双 界面 SIM卡 10向所述的阅读器 1应答的信号先以 ASK、 FSK或 PSK调制方 式发到所述的信号增强器 2, 完成信号增强后, 再将增强后的信号返回给所述 的阅读器 1 , 供其进行阅读。
所述的信号增强器 2粘贴到阅读器 1上或者移动通信设备 9上,用于增强 所述的双界面 SIM卡 10返回所述的阅读器 1的应答信号。 请同时参阅图 4和图 5。 图 4是本发明信号增强器的外部结构示意图; 图 5是本发明信号增强器的内部结构示意图。 如图 4所示, 信号增强器 2的信号 收发由二个天线实现。 具体包括: 信号增强器 2和双界面 SIM卡 10通信的接 收天线 8、 对接收天线 8接收的通信信号进行增强处理的信号增强器芯片 5、 信号增强器 2和阅读器 1通信的发送天线 7。 其中, 信号增强器芯片 5包括第 一天线引脚 51、 第二天线引脚 52、 第三天线引脚 53、 第四天线引脚 54。
所述的发送天线 7通过导线连接到所述的信号增强器芯片 5的第一天线引 脚 51、 第二天线引脚 52上; 所述的接收天线 8通过导线连接到所述的信号增 强器芯片 5的第三天线 53、 第四天线引脚 54。
阅读器 1发出的信号由移动通信设备 9中的双界面 SIM卡 10直接接收, 而双界面 SIM卡 10向所述的阅读器 1应答的信号先发到所述的信号增强器 2 和双界面 SIM卡 10通信的接收天线 8 , 经所述的信号增强器芯片 5完成信号 增强后,再以与所述的阅读器 1相一致的频率协议通过发送天线 7返回给所述 的阅读器 1。
在对应的射频识别系统中, 双界面 SIM卡 10和信号增强器 2通信的调制 方式是 ASK、FSK或 PSK调制,其载波信号的频率可以是 6.78MHz, 13.56MHz 或 27.12MHz等。 所述的信号增强器 2应答到阅读器 1的信号频率、 协议与阅 读器 1通信的频率、 协议一致, 可以但不限于 ISO/IEC 14443标准、 ISO/IEC 15693或 ISO 11784/ISO 11785标准。
所述的信号增强器 2工作时, 通过所述的发送天线 7直接取用阅读器 1 发出的载波能量。
请继续参阅图 5 , 所述的信号增强器芯片 5进一步包括接收电路、 发送电 路和电源模块 506, 所述的接收电路还包括滤波器 501、 解调放大模块 502、 数字量化模块 503 , 所述的发送电路还包括逻辑控制模块 504、 调制模块 505。
所述的接收天线 8将所述的双界面 SIM卡 10发到信号增强器 2的通信信 号先传送至所述的滤波器 501的输入端, 经滤波器 501滤波, 获得要解调的干 净调制信号。
所述的滤波器 501由带通滤波器和带阻滤波器组成,所述的带通滤波器用 于带通滤波双界面 SIM卡发送到信号增强器 2的调制波信号和载波信号, 所 述的带阻滤波器用于带阻滤去阅读器 1发送到信号增强器 2的调制波信号和载 波信号,其中带通滤波器和带阻滤波器的中心频率是要与信号增强器 2或阅读 器 1发到信号增强器 2的载波信号的频率相一致。所述载波信号的频率的具体 数值是 居信号增强器芯片 5所釆用的通信标准而定, 如釆用 ISO/IEC 14443 或 ISO/IEC 15693标准时,载波信号的频率是 13.56MHz;而釆用 ISO 11784/ISO 11785标准时, 载波信号的频率是 100kHz- 150kHz, 例如 134.2KHz。 所述的 滤波器 501中的带阻滤波器和带通滤波器可以釆用但不限于切比雪夫滤波器。
所述的滤波器 501的输出端与所述的解调放大模块 502的输入端相连,解 调放大模块 502用于将滤波器 501所输出的通信信号进行放大处理并解调,具 体可以包括放大电路和解调电路。
图 7所示为一种放大电路的电路示意图。如图 7所示, 所述的放大电路包 括: 第二 PNP管 Q2、 第一 PNP管 Q1 , 第一、 第二电容 Cl、 C2, 以及若干 电阻 Rl ~ R8。
所述放大电路属于共发-共发的组合放大电路, 其中, 第二 PNP 管 Q2 的发射极和第一 PNP管 Q1的发射极接地,第二 PNP管 Q2的基极作为用于接 收所述的解调电路输出的解调信号输入端,第一 PNP管 Q1的集电极作为输出 端。
经过上述放大电路的信号增强处理后,所述通信信号将被传输至解调电路 进行解调。
解调放大模块 502 的信号解调方法可以釆用但不限于现有实现相干解调 方法或非相干解调方法的解调电路。 例如, 对于非相干解调方法, 可以釆用二 极管峰值包络解调、平均包络解调等。现有技术可以实现相干或非相干解调方 法的相应电路都可用作此处的解调放大模块 502。
图 6a所示为一种实现相干解调方法的电路的简易示意图。 所述解调电路 包括乘法器 210、 低通滤波器 211 , 经滤波器 501滤波后并作放大处理的输入 信号 Vi, 与本地载波信号经由乘法器 210的运算后, 由低通滤波器 211滤波 后, 生成解调输出信号 Vo。
图 6b所示为一种实现二极管峰值包络解调的非相干解调方法的电路的简 易示意图。 所述解调电路包括检波二极管 212、 一端与检波二极管 212负极相 连的电容 C以及一端与检波二极管 212负极相连的电阻 R, 且所述电容 C和 电阻 R并联。 所述的解调电路在接收输入信号 Vi后, 进行二极管峰值包络解 调, 输出解调输出信号 Vo。
经解调放大模块 502 增强和解调处理后的模拟通信信号输出至所述的数 字量化模块 503的输入端,供数字量化模块 503进行量化处理。在本实施例中, 所述的数字量化电路 22 可以釆用模数转换器 (简称 ADC ) 或比较器 (即 Comparator ) 电路将所述解调电路 20输出的模拟通信信号转化为数字通信信 号, 再将所述数字通信信号输出至所述的逻辑控制模块 504的输入端。
所述的逻辑控制模块 504用于处理数字量化模块 503输入的数字通信信 号, 可以根据所述系统所釆用的 ISO/IEC 14443标准、 ISO/IEC 15693或 ISO 11784/ISO 11785标准产生相应的控制逻辑, 并产生返回给阅读器所需的副载 波信号, 输出至所述的调制模块 505的输入端。
所述的逻辑控制模块 504产生的副载波信号根据信号增强器芯片 5所釆用 的 ISO/IEC 14443标准、 ISO/IEC 15693或 IS011784/ IS011785标准而定。 如 釆用 ISO/IEC 14443标准时, 副载波信号频率是 847kHz; 釆用 ISO/IEC 15693 标准时, 副载波信号频率是 423.75kHz或 484.28kHz。
所述的调制模块 505用于根据所述副载波信号, 形成待发送的通信信号。 调制电路。如解调后的通信信号釆用负载调制时可釆用如下方法: 使用一个副 载波或者多个副载波调制到载波频率上形成已调制信号。 其中, 副载波的频率 和数量由所釆用的协议决定。
所述的调制模块 505 可以根据已调制信号发出高电平或低电平控制连接 发送天线 7两端的绝缘栅场效应管(简称 MOS管)开关 5051 , 从而改变加到 所述的发送天线 7的负载电流,产生副载波反射调制信号返回到所述的阅读器 1。 当调制模块 505通过发出高电平时, MOS管开关 5051导通, 所述的发送 天线 7构成一个回路, 这样就有负载电流流过, 就产生副载波反射调制信号返 回到所述的阅读器 1 ; 当调制模块 505通过发出低电平时, MOS管开关 5051 截止, 所述的发送天线 7就不构成一个回路, 这样就没有负载电流流过, 也就 不会产生副载波反射调制信号返回到所述的阅读器 1。 后续, 阅读器 1可以根 据接收到的副载波反射调制信号, 对其进行解调后得到由双界面 SIM卡发送 的应答信号, 实现双方的通信, 完成交易。
所述的信号增强器芯片 5工作时,通过所述的发送天线 7直接取用阅读器 1发出的载波能量, 所述的电源模块 506利用桥式整流电路产生信号增强器芯 片 5工作所需的工作电源, 供所述的信号增强器芯片 5整个芯片使用。
所述信号增强器的发送天线 7 除了作为所述的阅读器 1 和信号增强器 2 的通信通道外,还将载波能量从所述的阅读器 1传输到信号增强器 2的信号增 强器芯片 5的电源模块 506。 因为所述载波能量的传输, 信号增强器 2可以脱 离外接直流或交流电源, 进行无源地工作。
本发明的信号增强器 2利用信号增强器芯片 5内部的各个模块有效解决了 上述信号衰减的问题, 实现了信号的增强, 并且无需改造阅读器 1 和双界面 SIM卡 10所在的移动通信设备 9 , 有效地拓展了系统的应用范围、 降低系统 研发的资金和时间投入。
虽然本发明己以较佳实施例披露如上,但本发明并非限定于此。任何本领 域技术人员, 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内, 均可作各种更动与修改, 因此 本发明的保护范围应当以权利要求所限定的范围为准。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种用于射频识别系统的信号增强器芯片,其特征在于, 包括:接收电路、 发送电路和电源模块, 所述接收电路包括解调放大模块和数字量化模块, 所述 发送电路包括逻辑控制模块和调制模块; 其中,
解调放大模块, 用于将接收到的双界面 SIM卡发送的通信信号放大并解 调, 输出模拟通信信号;
数字量化模块,用于将解调放大模块所输出的模拟通信信号转化为数字通 信信号;
逻辑控制模块, 用于处理数字量化模块输出的数字通信信号, 并产生返回 至阅读器所需的副载波信号;
调制模块, 用于根据所述副载波信号, 形成待发送的通信信号。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 还包括滤波器, 用于 对双界面 SIM卡发送的通信信号进行滤波处理, 并将滤波后的通信信号输出 至解调放大模块。
3. 如权利要求 2所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述滤波器包括: 带通滤波器, 用于带通滤波双界面 SIM卡发送的调制波信号和载波信号; 带阻滤波器 , 用于带阻滤去阅读器发送的调制波信号和载波信号; 其中,带通滤波器和带阻滤波器的中心频率和信号增强器或阅读器所发送 的载波信号的频率相一致。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述解调放大模块进 一步包括:
解调电路用于将接收到的双界面 SIM卡发送的通信信号进行解调; 放大电路, 用于对解调后的通信信号作增强处理。
5. 如权利要求 4所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述解调电路的解调 方法为相干解调或非相干解调。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述非相干解调为二 极管峰值包络解调或平均包络解调。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述数字量化模块为 模数转换器或比较器电路。
8. 如权利要求 1所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述调制模块包括控 制开关, 在控制开关导通时, 形成负载电流, 并产生用于发送至阅读器的副载 波反射调制信号。
9. 如权利要求 8所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述控制开关为绝缘 栅场效应管。
10. 如权利要求 1所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述调制模块的调制 方法为反射调制或负载调制。
11. 如权利要求 1所述的信号增强器芯片, 其特征在于, 所述电源模块是利用 桥式整流电路产生工作电源的。
12. 一种包括如权利要求 1至 11 中任一项所述的信号增强器芯片的信号增强 器。
PCT/CN2009/071326 2008-04-18 2009-04-17 用于射频识别系统的信号增强器芯片及其信号增强器 WO2009127158A1 (zh)

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