WO2009127123A1 - 将转动转化为平动的推进装置及推进系统 - Google Patents

将转动转化为平动的推进装置及推进系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009127123A1
WO2009127123A1 PCT/CN2009/000399 CN2009000399W WO2009127123A1 WO 2009127123 A1 WO2009127123 A1 WO 2009127123A1 CN 2009000399 W CN2009000399 W CN 2009000399W WO 2009127123 A1 WO2009127123 A1 WO 2009127123A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
force
rotor
propulsion
stator
thrust
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/000399
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
贾东明
Original Assignee
Jia Dongming
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 200810017979 external-priority patent/CN101299570A/zh
Priority claimed from CN 200810236570 external-priority patent/CN101447727A/zh
Application filed by Jia Dongming filed Critical Jia Dongming
Publication of WO2009127123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009127123A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/06—Means for converting reciprocating motion into rotary motion or vice versa
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power device, in particular to a propulsion system for converting rotational energy into translational energy and an implementation method thereof, which is suitable for a power device of a moving object such as a rocket, an airplane, a car, a submarine, a ship and the like.
  • a propulsion system for converting rotational energy into translational energy and an implementation method thereof, which is suitable for a power device of a moving object such as a rocket, an airplane, a car, a submarine, a ship and the like.
  • the rocket has played a major role in the advancement of centuries into the universe. With the help of the principle of back-spray, the rocket can send some substances on the earth into space. Now all the spacecraft in the world are through the rocket. Sent into space. But the biggest problem with the rocket is that it requires fuel, which is determined by its working principle. The engine needs to consume fuel while working, and the fuel is limited. This is bound to limit the thrust that the rocket can produce. From the perspective of aerospace, the 'fire' arrow is not the best solution for space navigation. The best solution should be a propulsion scheme that does not consume any fuel.
  • the present invention has noted this natural phenomenon, and accordingly, a device for converting rotational energy into translational energy has been proposed.
  • the conversion of rotational energy into translational energy brings the added benefit that the power unit does not require fuel and only requires energy input to ensure proper operation of the power unit, and thus can be used to solve the problem of long-term power during space flight.
  • this device does not emit any substance, so it can also be an ideal power device for airplanes, automobiles, submarines, ships, and the like. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a propulsion device and a propulsion system for converting a turning phenomenon into a translational phenomenon, which utilizes a natural phenomenon in which a rotating body is simultaneously subjected to translation and rotation when subjected to an external force, thereby realizing the conversion of rotational energy into
  • the translational energy can be promoted without fuel and using the recoil principle. It can be used in aerospace, aviation, automotive and other industries.
  • a propulsion device for converting a rotation into a translational motion, comprising: an object that generates rotation, that is, a rotor and a force receiving device, and an object that does not rotate, that is, a stator and a force generating device,
  • the two can generate tension or thrust by electric field, magnetic field or other means, and the rotor and the stator together are part of the power unit.
  • the force device should be mounted on the rotor.
  • the force device is mounted on the stator.
  • the force device or the force device can be energized to generate an electric field, a magnetic field or other force field.
  • the force device or the force device generates an interaction force, which may be a thrust force or a tensile force, but the force does not pass through the axis of the rotor.
  • a propulsion system for converting rotation into translation consisting of one or several propulsion devices as described above, the propulsion device comprising at least one rotor, one or A plurality of force receiving devices, one or more force generating devices, a stator and associated control circuits, and the bearings of the rotor are coupled to the stator.
  • the propulsion system uses two mirrors to symmetrically position the two propulsion devices, and the two propulsion devices share a stator for solving the excess torque.
  • Two additional force devices are arranged on the propulsion device to solve the problem that the rotor speed is too fast.
  • the rotor on the propulsion device rotates in one direction, or the rotor reciprocates.
  • the rotor is directly connected to the rotor of the rotating generator, or the rotor of the propulsion device itself is used as the rotor of the generator to solve the problem that the rotor speed is too fast, and part of the rotating energy can be recovered.
  • a force couple is added to the rotor to decelerate the rotor while achieving the same thrust.
  • the force device or the force device may be a permanent magnet material, or a current may be used to generate the magnetic field; when an electric field is used as the transmission field of the force, the force device or the force is applied.
  • the device can be an electret or an electric field can be generated by energization. Other fields such as a flow field or the like can also be used as the transfer field of the force.
  • the magnitude of the thrust is changed by changing the amount of force between the force receiving device and the force generating device.
  • the invention uses electric power to propel, without using fuel, as long as it can provide sufficient electric energy, it can make interstellar space navigation possible, and because there is no fuel, it will not cause pollution, and it can also become the power of aircraft, automobiles and other carriers.
  • the device as a car engine, has the greatest advantage of not having any requirements on the road surface, even on the surface of the water or in the sand.
  • Figure 1 is a basic schematic diagram of the propulsion device
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the rotor force
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the force analysis of the rotor
  • Figure 4 is a plan diagram of the propulsion device eliminating the turning moment
  • Figure 5 is a plan view of a propulsion device with a rotor reduction structure
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the second propulsion device
  • Figure 7 is an equivalent force diagram of the second type of propulsion device
  • Figure 8 is a plan view of a propulsion device using a flow field
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic core-based propulsion device
  • Figure 10 is a thrust characteristic diagram of the propulsion device
  • Figure 11 is a design diagram of a DC current-based propulsion device
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the propulsion device based on the force-transmitting rod.
  • the present invention is a power system having the same function as a rocket engine. Unlike a rocket engine, it does not require fuel, nor does it operate by means of a back-spraying principle, but converts rotational energy into translational energy, generating thrust, and thus Can be used to replace engines for cars, airplanes, etc.
  • the present invention utilizes a force (F) that does not pass through the centroid of the rotor, and a part of the force causes the rotor to rotate, thereby causing a translational force component and the force in the force (F).
  • the phenomenon that the sum of the reaction forces (-F) is not zero achieves translational propulsion; the propulsion device requires the rotor and stator to be part of the power plant.
  • the propulsion system consists of one or several propulsion devices.
  • Figure 1 shows the structure of a propulsion device.
  • Each propulsion device contains at least one rotor, one or more force devices, and one or more lamps.
  • the force device, a stator and the associated control circuit, the force device should be mounted on the rotor, the shaft center of the rotor and the force generating device are connected to the stator; the rotating shaft of the rotor 1 and the force generating device 3 are rigidly connected to the stator 4
  • a plurality of force-receiving devices 2 are uniformly disposed on the rotor 1, and the distance between the force-receiving points and the center of rotation is d, and only when the force-receiving device 2 is turned to make the center of rotation, the point of force, and the force-generating device 3 constitute an approximate
  • the right-angled triangle (the center of rotation, the connection of the force-generating device 3 is the oblique side) can be subjected to the force of the force device.
  • Figure 1 shows the situation in which the magnetic field is generated, except for the force that needs to be stressed. Outside the device, other force-receiving devices are not energized, and thus no magnetic field is generated. In actual design, the force device can also generate other force fields such as electric field, electromagnetic field, flow field and the like.
  • the force receiving device 2 when the force receiving device 2 generates a magnetic field, it can interact with the force generating device 3 to push the rotor 1 to rotate.
  • an electromagnetic conversion device such as a electromagnetic tube can be used, and if an electric field is used, a capacitive plate can be used.
  • the force receiving device 2 of the propulsion device can be energized to generate an electric field, a magnetic field or an electromagnetic field only when rotated to a specified position, and then an interaction force can be generated with the force generating device 3, and the force can be thrust or tension.
  • the force does not pass through the axis of the rotor; the magnitude of the thrust is changed by changing the magnitude of the current applied to the force device or the force device.
  • the invention may or may not recover part of the rotational energy.
  • the method of recovering energy is to use a generator to connect with the rotor, or to use the rotor as a generator rotor to convert a part of the rotational energy into electrical energy, thereby recovering part of the energy.
  • Figure 2 is the force diagram of the rotor.
  • the left picture shows the original state of the force.
  • the right picture shows the equivalent force diagram.
  • A is the center of the rotation axis.
  • the force point of the force device is B, d-AB, left.
  • the force receiving device is subjected to a force F and F is perpendicular to AB.
  • F is equivalent to two forces, F1 is transmitted to the rotating shaft (at the position A), F 2 causes the rotor to rotate, thus
  • Figure 3 is a diagram of the force analysis of the rotor.
  • F is translated to point A.
  • the force of translation is F
  • F and F are equal in magnitude
  • the direction is the same
  • the reaction force of F is -F
  • F is equivalent to being subjected to the force F at point A, and is also affected by the couple (F, -F').
  • the rotor mass be m
  • the rotor A point translation acceleration is a
  • the moment of inertia is I
  • the angular acceleration is ⁇ , which is not blocked by the rotating shaft.
  • the method of increasing the thrust is: increasing F, reducing the moment of inertia I or increasing the load.
  • the distance d between the axis and the axis of rotation is fixed. Since I is always proportional to m, the magnitude of the thrust is independent of the mass m of the rotor. Regardless of its profile, the profile of the mass centered on the rotor axis should be used.
  • the propulsion device in the schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1 has only one rotor and one stator. It can be analyzed that while the propulsion device generates thrust, the stator also generates a moment. The centroid position of the setting is 0 points, then the torque is OA. x F. - OB x F , is this due to? The action point of 1 - the axis of rotation - is not on the line of action of F, and F is not necessarily caused by the center of mass. Therefore, in some practical applications, this torque needs to be eliminated. There are two ways to solve this torque: When rotating in one direction, the easiest way is to form the mirror-symmetric structure of the whole mechanism. As shown in Figure 4, the torque can be effectively eliminated. Another way is to make the rotor reciprocate, in one swing period. The mean value of the torque can be changed to zero.
  • the structure shown in Fig. 4 will have a defect that the rotor rotates faster with the extension of the working time, so that the structure cannot withstand the centrifugal force, so a structure for decelerating the rotor is needed. Design, and the speed and direction of the thrust are required to be decelerated. Since the angular acceleration is independent of the angular velocity, a simple solution is to set up two force-generating devices, which are called A-group mechanisms. The original two force-generating devices are group B mechanisms. The positions of the two mechanisms are selected to satisfy the same magnitude of action and the same direction but the opposite torque generated by the rotating shaft when acting on the rotor.
  • the group A mechanism and the group B mechanism are the most The good position is mirror-symmetric with respect to the force F.
  • the group A mechanism acts, and the group B mechanism no longer acts.
  • the switch circuit can be used to pass the group A mechanism at different times. Or power the Group B institutions to achieve the purpose of autonomous control of the two agencies working in different time periods. Its structure is shown in Figure 5, and when the A and B groups respectively act, the 'thrust magnitude and direction remain the same, but the direction of the rotor angle acceleration is opposite, and the direction of the angular velocity does not change.
  • another method of controlling the rotor speed is to add a couple of force, the additional couple can decelerate the rotor and achieve the same thrust; the couple will not only cause translation, but only affect the rotational motion, thus controlling the rotor speed.
  • the superior method, and the advantage of using the couple to control the rotor speed is that the generator can be used as a device for generating the couple, which can also recover part of the rotational energy and improve the utilization of energy.
  • the simplest implementation method is to connect the rotor directly to the rotor of the rotating generator. As long as the rotor is coaxial with the generator, the generator provides a couple of forces to the rotor. No matter which direction the rotor rotates, the direction of the couple is such that The angular velocity of the rotation is reduced.
  • the rotor itself can also be used as the rotor of the generator, and the same effect can be achieved.
  • the force generating device when the force receiving device generates a magnetic field, the force generating device may select a permanent magnet material or a current to generate a magnetic field; when the electric field generated by the force device is used, the force generating device may Electret The body can also generate an electric field by energization.
  • the technique of energizing the force-receiving device on the rotor at a specified position is a conventional electronic technique, which is technically easy to implement.
  • the simplest method is to use a brush. When the force-receiving device is rotated to a specified position, the brush and the brush are It can be connected to the relevant circuit to energize the force receiving device. '
  • the propulsion device can have a variety of design options
  • FIG. 6 is another design of the propulsion device.
  • the force device 2 is an array of permanent magnet materials. It is fixed on the rotor 1, and the force generating device 3 generates a magnetic field by a current. The force generating device 3 acts on the force receiving device 2 on the rotor 1, thereby pushing the rotor 1 to rotate.
  • This principle is the same as that of the synchronous motor, that is, control.
  • the current makes the force generating device equivalent to a magnet, and its equivalent force diagram is shown in Fig. 7.
  • a propulsion device can also be designed using the flow field.
  • Figure 8 is a design scheme using a flow field.
  • the flow field of the transmitted force is wind
  • the rotor is a rotating wheel. 1
  • the stator is the frame 4
  • the force receiving device 2 is the blade of the rotating wheel 1
  • the force generating device 3 is a propeller
  • the wind power is generated when the propeller rotates
  • the wind power is transmitted to the blade
  • the rotating wheel 1 is driven to rotate
  • the rotating shaft of the rotating wheel 1 is rotated
  • the rotating shaft of the propeller is connected to the frame 4, and at this time, the resultant force of the frame 4 is not zero, and thus motion is generated.
  • Figure 9 is a plan view of a propulsion device that is converted into a translational motion, comprising a stator 5, which is a permanent magnet, in which the N pole is directed to the center of the pendulum, and the rotor 6 is composed of a core surrounded by a coil.
  • the figure also includes a swinging shaft 8 of the rotor on which the commutator 7 is placed, the DC power source being connected to the commutator 7 via the reed 9.
  • the commutator should be designed so that no matter which side of the rotor is close to the stator, the current is commutated and the repulsive force is caused. This can be done using a conventional commutator.
  • the force generating device 3 is a permanent magnet
  • the force receiving device 2 is an iron core on the side close to the stator that generates a magnetic field after being energized.
  • the propulsion device generates a repulsive force when one side of the rotor approaches the stator, causing the stator to be subjected to a force substantially directed by N to S, and the resultant force of the stator and the force received by the swing shaft will not be Zero, causing the propulsion device to move, the direction of motion is from N to S, and its thrust characteristic diagram is shown in FIG.
  • [ ⁇ , ⁇ ) is generated when one side of the rotor is close to the stator, and the propulsion device generates forward thrust
  • the [ ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2) time period is the commutation time gap of the commutator.
  • the [ ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3) time period is generated when the other side of the rotor is close to the stator, and the propulsion device also generates forward thrust.
  • Figure 11 shows another design based on the Lorentz force of the DC current in the magnetic field.
  • the DC current is passed between the two reeds 9. After that, a force perpendicular to the magnetic field is generated on one side of the rotor 6, causing the rotor 6 to move. After swinging to a certain angle, the other side of the rotor 6 is energized due to the action of the commutator 7, also due to the Lorentz force. The action of the rotor 6 begins to oscillate.
  • the force point of the rotor is not 3 ⁇ 4E, the resultant force of the oscillating shaft 8 is not zero, and the moment is not zero, so the device can generate thrust.
  • the advantage of this propulsion design is that the power direction of the propulsion unit can be easily reversed by simply changing the polarity of the DC power supply.
  • the force receiving device 2 is an energized wire, and the force generating device is a permanent magnet.
  • the maximum swing angle of the rotor depends on the design requirements. It can be smaller or larger, and can even be much larger than 360°. In this case, it can swing in one direction for several weeks and then swing to the other direction.
  • the propulsion device does not necessarily have to use an electromagnetic field as a power source, and other sources of force may be used, as long as the rotor is subjected to a force, the resultant force of the rotor is not zero, and the centering is The torque and non-zero requirements can generate thrust.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of a pusher based on a force-transmitting rod, which includes a force-transmitting rod 10, a stopper 11, which is essentially a force-receiving device, and the stopper 11 is fixed to the rotor 6, the force-transmitting rod 10 can transmit the force to the rotor 6 through the pressing block 11, and the rotor is oscillated by alternately transferring the two force transmitting rods to the rotor.
  • the rotor also has a resultant force that is not zero and the center of the swing during the swinging process. The torque is not zero, thus causing the propulsion device to generate power.
  • the force receiving device 2 is a stopper 11, and the thrust of the force transmission rod may come from an internal combustion engine, an external combustion engine or other power machine, that is, the force generating device 3 may be any mechanical and transmission capable of generating linear thrust. Force bar.
  • the rotor can be designed in a variety of shapes, in addition to the inline shape, it can also be designed as a cross, a cylinder, a hollow cup, etc., depending on the needs of the product. ' '
  • the rotating shaft can be coupled to the stator via a bearing, which together form a propulsion device.
  • the present invention should utilize a force that does not pass through the centroid of the rotor, causing the rotor to rotate, thereby causing the phenomenon that the sum of the force component of the translational force and the reaction force of the force is not zero. ;
  • the propulsion system of the present invention consists of one or several propulsion devices, each propulsion device comprising at least one rotor, one or more force devices, one or more force devices, one stator and related
  • the control circuit, the force receiving device should be mounted on the rotor, and the axial center of the rotor and the force generating device are connected to the stator;
  • the force receiving device of the propulsion device can only be stressed when it is rotated to a specified position, and the force device provides the force field required by the force device, between the force device and the force device.
  • the force can be thrust or tension, but the force does not pass through the axis of the rotor;
  • the rotor can be rotated in one direction or can be reciprocally oscillated within a certain range of angles;
  • the present invention can be used to provide an extra force generating device to decelerate the rotor at a suitable position (the portion of the original force device that is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the force F) to provide force to the excess force generating device during deceleration. , so that the thrust can be maintained while decelerating;
  • the present invention can be implemented to convert a portion of the rotational energy into electrical energy using a generator to recover a portion of the energy;
  • the present invention can change the magnitude of the pushing force by changing the force between the force receiving device and the force generating device.

Description

将转动转化为平动的推进装置及推进系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动力装置， 具体涉及一种将转动能量转化为平动能量的推进系统 及实现方法， 适用于火箭、 飞机、 汽车、 潜艇、 轮船等移动物体的动力装置。 背景技术
在人类冲进宇宙的前进途中， 到目前为止火箭扮演了最主要的角色， 借助于反喷 原理， 火箭可以将地球上的一些物质送入太空中， 现在世界上所有的宇航器都是通过 火箭送入太空的。 但是火箭存在一个最大的问题就是： 它必需燃料， 这是它的工作原 理决定的， 发动机工作时需要消耗燃料， 而燃料是有限的， 这注定了火箭所能产生的 推力是有限的， 因而从宇航的角度看， '火 '箭并不是宇宙航行的最佳方案， 最佳的方案 应当是不消耗任何燃料的推进方案。
从能量守恒定律来看： 对于由一个不旋转的物体 (定子)和一个转轮 (转子)构成的 系统， 当定子对转子施加作用力的时候， 转子会同时出现平动和转动两种效应， 总能 量为平动的动能和转动能两部分之和， 但如果把转子看作一个质点， 由于质点看不到 转动能， 定子施加给转子的总能量只剩下了动能， 转子消失了一部分能量， 从平动的 动量看， 定子的动量与转子平动动量之和不为零， 因而会出现运动。
本发明注意到这个自然现象， 据此提出了将转动能量转化为平动能量的装置。 将转动能量转化为平动能量， 带来一个额外的好处， 就是这种动力装置不需要燃 料， 只需要能量输入就可以保证动力装置的正常运行， 因而可以用于解决太空飞行时 长期动力的问题， 而且这种装置没有喷出任何物质， 因而它还可以作为飞机、 汽车、 潜艇、 轮船等的理想的动力装置。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种将转动现象转化为平动现象的推进装置及推进系统， 其利用旋转体在受到外力作用时会同时出现平动和转动的自然现象， 实现了将转动能 量转化为平动能量， 因而不需要燃料和利用反冲原理就可以推进， 可以用于航天、 航 空、 汽车等行业。 根据本发明的一个方面， 其提供一种将转动转化为平动的推进装置， 其特征在于: 包括发生旋转的物体即转子和受力装置， 以及不发生旋转的物体即定子和发力装置， 两者之间能够通过电场、 磁场或其它方式相互产生拉力或推力， 转子与定子共同作为 动力装置的一部分。 受力装置应该安装在转子上， 发力装置安装在定子上， 转子只有 旋转到指定的位置上时受力装置或发力装置才能通电产生电场、磁场或其他作用力场, 此时便可以发力装置或受力装置产生相互作用力， 这种作用力可以是推力， 也可以是 拉力， 但作用力不通过转子的轴心。
根据本发明的另一方面， 其提供一种将转动转化为平动的推进系统， 由 1个或若 干个如前所述的推进装置组成， 所述推进装置至少包含 1 个转子、 1个或多个受力装 置、 1个或多个发力装置、 1个定子和相关控制电路， 转子的轴承与定子连接。
在一种实施方式中， 推进系统釆用镜面对称设置两个推进装置， 两个推进装置公 用一个定子， 用于解决多余的力矩。
在推进装置上再设置两个发力装置， 用于解决转子转速太快的问题。
推进装置上的转子单向转动， 或转子往复摆动。
将转子直接与旋转发电机的转子相连接， 或将该推进装置的转子本身作为发电机 的转子， 用于解决转子转速太快的问题， 并可回收部分旋转能量。
对转子附加力偶来使转子减速， 同时实现推力不变。
当釆用磁场作为作用力的传递场时， 受力装置或发力装置可以选用永磁材料， 也 可以用电流来产生磁场； 当采用电场作为作用力的传递场时， 受力装置或发力装置可 以选用驻极体， 也可以用通电的方式产生电场。 也可以用其它的场如流场等作为作用 力的传递场。 '
通过改变受力装置与发力装置之间作用力大小来改变推力的大小。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有的优点和效果如下：
本发明采用电力来推进， 没有采用燃料， 只要能够提供足够的电能， 就能使星际 宇宙航行成为可能， 而且由于没有燃料， 不会造成污染， 它同样也可以成为飞机、 汽 车等运载器的动力装置， 作为汽车发动机， 它最大的优点就是对路面没有任何要求， 即使在水面或沙地， 也能产生推力。 附图说明
图 1为推进装置基本原理图； 图 2转子受力图；
图 3转子受力分析图；
图 4 为推进装置消除转动力矩的方案图；
图 5为带有转子减速结构的推进装置的方案图；
图 6为第 2种推进装置的设计方案图；
图 7为第 2种推进装置工作时的等效受力图；
图 8为利用流场的推进装置设计方案图；
图 9 为基于磁芯的推进装置的一种方案图；
图 10为推进装置推力特性图；
图 11 为一种基于直流电流的推进装置的设计方案图；
图 12 为基于传力杆的推进装置结构原理图。
图中， 1一转子， 2—受力装置， 3—发力装置， 4—定子， 5—摆动方案中的定子， 6—摆动方案中的转子， 7—换向器， 8—摆动轴， 9一接电源的簧片， 10—传力杆， 11 一挡块。 具体实施方式
本发明为一种动力系统， 和火箭发动机功能相同， 和火箭发动机不一样的是它不 需要燃料， 也不借助反喷原理工作， 而是使转动能量转化为平动能量， 产生推力， 因 而也可以用于替代汽车、 飞机等的发动机。
如图 1所示推进装置基本原理图， 本发明利用作用力 (F)不通过转子质心时一部分 力会使转子产生转动， 从而导致作用力 (F)中平动的作用力分量 与该作用力的反作 用力 (-F)之和不为 0的现象实现平动推进； 该推进装置要求发生转子与定子，共同作为 动力装置的一部分。
推进系统由 1个或若干个推进装置组成，图 1给出了一种推进装置的结构示意图， 每个推进装置至少包含 1个转子、 1个或多个受力装置、 1个或多个发力装置、 1个定 子和相关控制电路， 受力装置应当安装在转子上， 转子的轴心和 发力装置均与定子连 接； 转子 1的转动轴和发力装置 3都刚性连接在定子 4上， 若干个受力装置 2均布在 转子 1上， 受力点距转动中心的距离为 d， 只有当受力装置 2转到使转动中心、 受力 点、 发力装置 3三者构成近似的直角三角形 (转动中心、 发力装置 3的连线为斜边)时 受力装置才能受到作用力， 图 1 中所示的是产生磁场的情形， 除需要受力的那个受力 装置外， 其它受力装置均不通电， 因而也就不产生磁场。 实际设计时受力装置也可以 产生其它力场如电场、 电磁场、 流场等。 在图 1的设计方案中， 当受力装置 2产生磁 场后就能与发力装置 3产生相互作用， 推动转子 1转动。 其中受力装置 2如果利用的 是磁场， 可以釆用电磁管等电磁转换装置， 如果利用电场可以釆用电容板。 推进装置 的受力装置 2只有旋转到指定的位置上时才能通电产生电场、 磁场或电磁场， 此时便 可以与发力装置 3产生相互作用力， 这种作用力可以是推力， 也可以是拉力， 但作用 力不通过转子的轴心； 通过改变受力装置或发力装置通电电流的大小来改变推力的大 小。 本发明可以回收也可以不回收部分旋转能量， 回收能量时其方法为使用发电机与 转子相连， 或把转子作为发电机转子来使用， 使一部分旋转能转化为电能， 从而回收 部分能量。
现在来分析转子受力情况。 图 2是转子受力图， 左图为受力的原始状态， 右图为 等效受力图， 图中 A为转动轴的中心， 受力装置受力点为 B， d-AB, 左图中， 设受力 装置受到的作用力为 F， F垂直于 AB。 在右图中， F等效为两个力， F1传递到转动轴 (在 A这个位置)上， F2使转子出现转动， 因而有
F=Fi+F2 (1)
现在需要计算 1^和1¾的大小。 图 3是转子受力分析图， 此图中， 将 F平移到 A 点， 平移的力为 F， F与 F大小相等， 方向相同， F的反作用力为 -F， 那么在 B点受 到作用力 F等效于在 A点受到作用力 F, 同时还受到力偶 (F，- F')的作用。 设转子质量 为 m， 不受转动轴阻挡时转子 A点平动加速度为 a， 转动惯量为 I， 角加速度为 β， 则 有
F导致 Α点的平动加速度为 aA1=F/m
力偶 (F，- p)导致 A点的平动加速度满足 aA2=d P ,其中 e、 -F，d = I + md2^， 即相当于力偶 (F,-F')使得 A绕 B点旋转。
因而有
F、 F'd2 F md2 、 F I
a = aA} + aA2 = =— (1—： γ) = r
m I + md m I + md m I + md (2) 由 (2)得到
F = ma = ~~ -F
I + md … (3) F2 = F— = md p
I + md (4) 以上分析针对的是 与 垂直的情形， 作者还进一步分析了如果这两个向量不垂 直的情形， 此时仍可使用图 3的分析方法， 有
- F
^51 =一
m · ··: (5) αΜ =ά β
(6)
其中 ^满足
-Fxd = {Ι + ά2)β
(7)
因而有
Figure imgf000007_0001
(8)
_ ^ md F d
Fx = ma - F j—
/ + md (g)
I+md2
(10) 现在来分析定子所受到的力：
首先它受到 F 的反作用力 (-F)的作用， 另外它还受到转子作用在转动轴的作用力 因而合力 F*为
I + md" (ii) 可见定子所受到的合力不为 0， 因而会发生运动， 运动的方向与受力装置所受到 的力 F的方向相反， 即受力装置受到的是斥力时， 定子的加速度是由受力装置指向发 力装置， 而受力装置受到吸引力时则方向栩反。
由公式 (11)可以看到， 提高推力的方法为： 增大 F、 减小转动惯量 I或增大受力装 置与转动轴之间的距离 d， 由于 I总是与 m成正比例， 因而推力的大小与转子的质量 m无关， 而与其型面有关， 应该采用质量尽量集中在转子中轴的型面结构。
图 .1所示的原理图中的推进装置只有一个转子、 一个定子， 可以分析出推进装置 在产生推力的同时， 定子还产生了力矩， 设定子的质心位置为 0 点， 则力矩为 OA x F. - OB x F , 这是由于？1的作用点 A——转动轴——不在 F作用线上、 F也不一 定通过质心导致的， 因此在一些实用场合中还需要消除这个力矩， 解决这个力矩有两 个办法： 当转子只能沿着一个方向转动时， 最简单的办法是把整个机构形成镜像对称 的结构， 如图 4所示， 就可以有效地消除力矩； 还有一个办法是让转子往复摆动， 在 一个摆动周期内， 力矩的均值就可以变成 0。
现在先讨论转子只朝一个方向转动的情形：
当转子只朝一个方向转动时， 图 4所示的结构将存在一个缺陷， 就是转子随着工 作时间的延长转速越来越快， 以至于结构无法承受离心力， 因此还需要一个将转子减 速的结构设计， 而且要求减速的时候推力大小和方向都不变， 由于角加速度与角速度 无关，很简单的一个解决办法是再设置两个发力装置，称这两个发力装置为 A组机构， 而原来的两个发力装置为 B组机构， 选择这两个机构的位置满足作用于转子时作用力 大小相当、 方向相同但相对转动轴产生的力矩相反， 因此 A组机构和 B组机构其最佳 位置在相对于作用力 F镜面对称， 当需要减速的时候， 让 A组机构发生作用， 而 B组 机构不再发生作用即可，釆用开关电路就可以在不同的时间通过给 A组机构或给 B组 机构通电， 实现自主控制这两个机构在不同的时间段工作的目的。其结构如图 5所示， 而且 A组、 B组机构分别发生作用的时候，'推力大小和方向仍保持不变， 但转子角加 速度的方向相反， 角速度的方向不变。 除上述方法外， 控制转子转速的另外一种方法 是附加一个力偶， 附加力偶可使转子减速， 同时实现推力不变； 力偶由于不会导致平 动， 只影响旋转运动， 因而是控制转子转速的比较优越的方法， 而且利用力偶控制转 子转速还有一个好处， 就是可以把发电机作为产^力偶的装置， 这样还能够回收部分 旋转能， 提髙能量的利用率。 最简单的实现方法， 就是把转子直接与旋转发电机的转 子相连接即可， 只要转子与发电机同轴， 发电机就对转子提供力偶， 无论转子朝哪个 方向转动， 力偶的方向都是使旋转的角速度降低。 为了简化结构， 也可以把转子本身 作为发电机的转子来使用， 也能达到同样的效果。
在图 1所示的推进装置中， 当受力装置产生的是磁场时， 发力装置可以选用永磁 材料， 也可以用电流来产生磁场； 当受力装置产生的电场时， 发力装置可以选用驻极 体， 也可以用通电的方式产生电场。
使转子上的受力装置在指定的位置才通电的技术是属于常规的电子技术， 技术上 很容易实现， 最简单的方法是使用电刷， 当受力装置旋转到指定位置时， 电刷与可以 与有关电路连通， 使受力装置通电。 '
除了图 1所示的推进装置设计方案外， 推进装置可以有很多种设计方案， 图 6为 另外一种推进装置的设计方案， 在这个设计方案中， 受力装置 2为永磁材料的阵列， 固定在转子 1上， 而发力装置 3由电流来产生磁场， 发力装置 3作用于转子 1上的受 力装置 2， 从而推动转子 1转动， 这个原理与同步电动机的工作原理相同， 即控制电 流使发力装置等效为磁铁， 其等效受力图如图 7所示。
除釆用电场或磁场外， 利用流场也能设计出推进装置， 图 8是利用流场的一种设 计方案， 在这个设计方案中，如果传递力的流场是风， 转子为转动轮 1， 定子为框架 4， 则受力装置 2是转动轮 1的叶片， 发力装置 3是螺旋桨， 螺旋桨旋转时产生风力， 风 力传递给叶片， 推动转动轮 1转动， 转动轮 1 的转动轴、 螺旋桨的旋转轴均与框架 4 连接， 此时框架 4受力的合力不为 0， 因而产生运动。
对于转子在一段时间朝一个方向转动， 而在另外一段时间朝另外一个方向转动， 导致形成摆动的情形。
图 9为摆动转化为平动的推进装置一种方案图， 包括定子 5， 为一块永磁体， 在 该图中 N极指向摆心， 图中转子 6是一个由缠绕着线圈的铁芯组成， 图中还包括转子 的摆动轴 8， 摆动轴上安置有换向器 7， 直流电源通过簧片 9与换向器 7相连。
换向器的设计应使无论转子的哪一个边在靠近定子时都会使电流换向并导致受到 斥力， 使用常规的换向器就能实现这个任务。 此时发力装置 3为永磁体， 受力装置 2 为通电后产生磁场的、 靠近定子的那一边的铁芯。
根据图 2的分析， 该推进装置在转子的某一边靠近定子时就会产生斥力， 导致定 子受到大致由 N指向 S的作用力，定子所受到的力与摆动轴受到的力的合力将不为零， 导致推进装置运动， 运动方向为由 N指向 S， 其推力特征图如图 10所示。
推进装置的一个摆动周期 0〜T4中， [Ο,ΤΙ)为转子的一边靠近定子时产生，推进装 置产生向前的推力， [Τ1,Τ2)时间段是换向器的换向时间间隙， 这段时间转子按惯性转 动， 不产生推力， [Τ2,Τ3)时间段是转子的另一边靠近定子时产生， 推进装置也产生向 前的推力， [Τ3,Τ4)时间段为换向器的换向时间间隙。 实际设计时可以取 Τ1=Τ3-Τ2>0， Τ2-Τ1=Τ4-Τ3 0。 将摆动转化为平动的装置可以有很多设计方案，图 11给出了另外一种基于磁场中 直流电流的洛仑兹力的设计方案， 该设计方案中两个簧片 9之间通直流电流后， 会在 转子 6的一边上产生垂直于磁场的作用力， 导致转子 6出现运动， 摆动到一定角度后， 由于换向器 7的作用， 转子 6另外一个边通电， 同样由于洛伦兹力的作用转子 6开始 摆动。 由于转子受力点不 ¾E摆动轴 8的中心线上， 受力的合力不为零， 同时力矩也不 为零， 因此该装置能够产生推力。 这个推进装置设计方案的优点在于只要改变直流电 源的极性， 就能很方便地使推进装置的动力方向翻转。 在本设计方案中， 受力装置 2 为通电导线， 发力装置为永磁体。
对于摆动推力方案， 转子的最大摆角视设计需求而定， 可以较小也可以较大， 甚 至可以远远大于 360° ， 此时可以往一个方向摆动若干周以后再往另外一个方向摆动。
无论通过是使用转动的方案还是使用摆动的方案， 推进装置不一定必须使用电磁 场作为力量源， 也可以使用其它力量源， 只要使转子受力， 满足转子受到的合力不为 零， 且对摆心的力矩和不为零的要求， 就能产生推力。 图 12给出了一种基于传力杆的 推埤装置原理图， 图中包括传力杆 10， 挡块 11， 它实质上是受力装置， 挡块 11固定 在转子 6上， 传力杆 10可以通过挤压挡块 11将力传递给转子 6， 通过交替使两个传 力杆向转子传递推力的方式使转子发生摆动， 转子在摆动的过程中同样具有合力不为 零且对摆心的力矩和不为零， 因而使推进装置产生动力。 在这个设计方案中， 受力装 置 2为挡块 11， 传力杆的推力可以来自内燃机、 外燃机或其它动力机械， 即发力装置 3可以是任何一种能够产生直线推力的机械以及传力杆。
转子可以设计成各种形状， 除一字形外， 还可以设计成十字形、 圆柱形、 空心杯 等， 视产品的需求而定。 ' '
转动轴可以通过轴承与定子连接， 这 转子和定子就共同组成推进装置。
这样就能看到该发明完整的结构， 其特点是：
1.本发明应利用作用力不通过转子质心时一部分力会使转子产生转动， 从而导致 作用力中平动的作用力分量与该作用力的反作用力之和不为 0的现象实现平动推进；
2.本发明的推进系统由 1个或若干个推进装置组成， 每个推进装置至少包含 1个 转子、 1个或多个受力装置、 1个或多个发力装置、 1个定子和相关控制电路， 受力装 置应当安装在转子上， 转子的轴心与发力装置均与定子连接；
3.本发明中转子及定子的形式可以有很多种， 相互作用力可以通过多种方式进行 传递， 但无论千变万化， 转子所受的命力一定不为零， 转动轴心的力矩和也一定不为 零， 这是本发明产生推力的关键；
4.本发明在实现时， 推进装置的受力装置只有旋转到指定的位置上时才能受力， 而发力装置提供受力装置所需的力场，发力装置与受力装置之间的作用力可以是推力， 也可以是拉力， 但作用力不通过转子的轴心；
5.本发明中转子可以朝着一个方向转动， 也可以在一定角度范围内往复摆动；
6.在原理图 1 中， 当不旋转的结构部分受力时， 会导致不旋转的部分出现一个力 矩， 使其受到力矩作用而出现旋转的倾向， 本发明消除定子不需要的力矩时可以使用 镜面对称设置 2个推进装置的方法消除多余的力矩，此时两个推进装置公用 1个定子； 或者通过给定子反复提供相反方向的力矩来达到最终消除该力矩的影响的目的。
7.本发明在实现时可以在合适的位置 (与原发力装置关于作用力 F镜面对称的部位) 设置多余的发力装置来对转子减速， 减速时由这些多余的发力装置提供作用力， 这样 就可以实现减速的时候保持推力不变；
8.本发明在实现时可以对转子附加力偶来使转子减速， 同时实现推力不变；
9.本发明在实现时可以使用发电机使一部分旋转能转化为电能， 从而回收部分能 里；
10.本发明在实现时可以通过改变受力装置与发力装置之间作用力大小来改变推 力的大小。

Claims

1、 一种将转动转化为平动的推进装置， 其特征在于：
包括发生旋转的物体即转子（1 )和受力装置 （2), 以及不发生旋转的物体即定子 (4)和发力装置（3)，两者之间能够通过电场、磁场或其它方式相互产生拉力或推力， 转子与定子共同作为动力装置的一部分。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的将转动转化为平动的推进装置， 其特征在于： 受力装置 （2 ) 安装在转子 （1 ) 上， 发力装置 (3)安装在定子 (4)上， 受力装置 (2) 旋转到指定的位置上时， 发力装置 （3 )就通过某种方式对受力装置 （2)施加作用力， 权
所述作用力为推力或拉力， 但所述作用力的不通过转子 (1)的轴心。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的推进装置， 其特征在于：
对转子 （1 ) 附加力偶来使转子减速， 同时实现推力不变。
求
4、 根据权利要求 2所述的推进装置， 其特征在于：
当使用磁场作为传递力的力场时， 受力装置 （2)、 发力装置 （3 ) 选用永磁材料， 或用电流来产生磁场； 当使用电场作为传递力的力场时， 受力装置（2)、发力装置（3 ) 选用驻极体， 或用通电的方式产生电场。
5、 根据权利要求 2所述的推进装置， 其特征在于：
通过改变受力装置 （2) 或发力装置 （3 ) 之间作用力大小来改变推进装置推力的 大小。
6、 根据权利要求 2所述的推进装置， 其特征在于：
受力装置 (2)和发力装置 (3)中一个产生磁场， 另一个通电流， 通过洛仑兹力来传递 作用力。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的推进装萱， 其特征在于- 所述受力装置 (2)为叶片；
发力装置 (3)为螺旋桨；
通过流场来传递作用力。
8、 根据权利要求 1所述的推进装置， 其特征在于：
包括传力杆， 在所述转子上设置挡块， 所述挡块为受力装置， 并且所述挡块固定 在所述转子上；
所述发力装置为产生直线推力的动力机械； 所述传力杆通过挤压所述挡块将力传递给所述转子；
通过交替使两个传力杆向转子传递推力的方式使转子摆动， 从而使推进装置产生 动力。
9、 根据权利要求 2所述的推进装置， 其特征在于：
所述转子 (1)一直朝着一个方向旋转， 或所述转子往复摆动。
10、 一种将转动转化为平动的推进系统， 其特征在于- 所述推进系统由 1个或若干个如权利要求 1或 2所述的推进装置组成， 所述推进 装置至少包含 1个转子 （1 )、 1个或多个受力装置 （2)、 1个或多个发力装置 （3 )、 1 个定子 （4) 和相关控制电路， 转子 （1 ) 的轴承与定子 （4) 连接。
11、 根据权利要求 10所雄的推进系统， 其特征在于：
采用镜面对称设置两个所述推进装置， 所述推进装置公用一个定子 （4)。
12、 根据权利要求 10所述的推进系统， 其特征在于：
在所述推进装置上再设置两个发力装置 （3 )。
13、 根据权利要求 10所述的推进系统， 其特征在于：
通过反复施加相反方向的力矩， 使转子（1 )发生摆动， 以使一个摆动周期内不需 要的力矩总的效果为零。
14、 根据权利要求 10所述的推进系统， 其特征在于：
将转子 （1 ) 直接与旋转发电机的转子相连接， 或将转子 （1 ) 本身作为旋转发电 机的转子。
PCT/CN2009/000399 2008-04-15 2009-04-15 将转动转化为平动的推进装置及推进系统 WO2009127123A1 (zh)

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CN 200810236570 CN101447727A (zh) 2008-12-31 2008-12-31 将摆动转化为平动的推进系统及实现方法
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EP3425781A1 (en) * 2017-07-08 2019-01-09 Jaroslaw Ocwieja Motor using permanent magnets with movable stator, controlled by linear actuators

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CN2806310Y (zh) * 2005-04-18 2006-08-16 林允进 动力式船艇的推进装置
CN201048344Y (zh) * 2007-02-12 2008-04-16 黄玉莹 旋转运动转换为直线往复运动的装置
CN101299570A (zh) * 2008-04-15 2008-11-05 贾东明 将转动转化为平动的推进系统及实现方法

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CN1082264A (zh) * 1993-05-27 1994-02-16 王宗刚 永磁磁力旋转运动变直线运动转换机构
CN2806310Y (zh) * 2005-04-18 2006-08-16 林允进 动力式船艇的推进装置
CN201048344Y (zh) * 2007-02-12 2008-04-16 黄玉莹 旋转运动转换为直线往复运动的装置
CN101299570A (zh) * 2008-04-15 2008-11-05 贾东明 将转动转化为平动的推进系统及实现方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3425781A1 (en) * 2017-07-08 2019-01-09 Jaroslaw Ocwieja Motor using permanent magnets with movable stator, controlled by linear actuators

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