WO2009121389A1 - Adsorption cooling apparatus,manufacturing and operating method - Google Patents
Adsorption cooling apparatus,manufacturing and operating method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009121389A1 WO2009121389A1 PCT/EP2008/053775 EP2008053775W WO2009121389A1 WO 2009121389 A1 WO2009121389 A1 WO 2009121389A1 EP 2008053775 W EP2008053775 W EP 2008053775W WO 2009121389 A1 WO2009121389 A1 WO 2009121389A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cooling apparatus
- adsorption
- adsorption cooling
- closed space
- condensating
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002156 adsorbate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B17/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
- F25B17/08—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an adsorption cycle apparatus suitable for cooling and powered by low grade thermal energy .
- the apparatus of the invention operates at low pressure using an adsorbent/adsorbate
- the invention discloses a manufacturing method embodied in a novel form of surfaces assemblying, avoiding valves or isolated components connected by the means of piping like prior art Background Art
- a single, monocoque reservoir [Fig.l] can have distinct surfaces temperatures inside of it due to the low heat transfer (conduction and radiation) between those different surfaces inside a closed reservoir and to the low pressure condition on near absolute vacuum .
- This single reservoir (monocoque) system of the invention will allow a quicker regeneration of the adsorbent ,it will also improve the mass transfer of the adsorbate for the evaporation/condensation purposes and will reduce cycle times due to the greater mass transfer inside of the reservoi, leading to an increase of the COP of such apparatus.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of the possible combination of different surfaces in order to provide two closed reservoires where the adsorption cycle can be operated as follows.
- the adsorbent that can be a microporous solid like silica-gel, zeolites or active carbon will -according to the equations [1] and [2] - start to adsorb the gaseous molecules of the adsorbate [5] leading to the evaporation of the liquid state adsorbate positioned above the evaporating surface (4) thus providing a refrigerating effect needed for cooling and to lower the specific temperature of the evaporating surface (3).
- Surface 3 must be made of a good heat transfer property material, like copper or aluminium or any metallic material.
- Hot fluid is now passed between the reacting surfaces [2] that preferably are as thin as possible in order to reduce the heat needed to elevate the adsorbent/reacting surfaces pairs [5 and 2] .
- Condensation surfaces (1) are maintained at a constant mean temperature Tm, lower than the adsorbent (5) temperature during the described desorption phase.
- This surface (1) can be made of glass , metallic or any material that leads to a good surface condensation medium .
- the surface (1) ideally must have greater area in relation to the other surfaces , to cause the gaseous molecules released from the adsorbent to reach quicker this surface in order to be condensated and slide to the evaporating surface fluid (4),
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
A single reservoir (monocoque) cooling apparatus functioning on low pressure based on an adsorption refrigeration cycle principle. A monocoque reservoir with two or more sections made of materials with different characteristics, said sections insulated from each other by an appropriate thermal insulator forming an adsorption cooling apparatus based on surface temperature differentials. An adsorption cycle where the desorption and condensation stages are operated simultaneosly on a single stage due to greater mass transfer and different surface temperature that promote the condensation, reducing the cycle time and increasing COP. A possible configuration of this apparatus is presented on Fig.1, with two closed spaces and several different surfaces acting in each closed space as evaporator, reactor and condensator.
Description
Description ADSORPTION COOLING APPARATUS, MANUFACTURING AND
OPERATING METHOD
Technical Field
[I] The present invention relates to an adsorption cycle apparatus suitable for cooling and powered by low grade thermal energy .
[2] The apparatus of the invention operates at low pressure using an adsorbent/adsorbate
(micropourous solid/fluid) pair with limited risk for the environment and human health.
[3] Furthermore, the invention discloses a manufacturing method embodied in a novel form of surfaces assemblying, avoiding valves or isolated components connected by the means of piping like prior art Background Art
[4] For many years adsorption refrigeration has been studied as an alternative to conventional vapour compression refrigeration systems, which are far way from ecologically sustainable due to their green house gas emissions and electrical power consumptions.
[5] Prior art teaches a few solutions in which the adsorption cycle is run at low pressure using Silica-Gel/water, zeolite/water [(EP 1788 324), WO 93/13368, DE 1023762 WO03/ 071197, US5964097] but all of them are based on layouts with several separated components (Evaporator, condensator and reactor) connected by means of piping and valves and with a very low COP (Coefficient of Performance). Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
[6] The prior art efficiency is limited due to the low amount of mass transferred from/to each seperated component (evaporator, condensator and reactor) due to the use of valves and piping at low pressures conditions .
[7] Prior Art form of assembly also increases the heat input needs, in order to impose different temperatures in the adsorbent medium (micropourus solid) and also presents problems due to low pressure (below atmospheric pressure) control/maintenance. Technical Solution
[8] In the study (Adsorption Cycle Modeling: Characterization and comparison of materials) made by Tomas Nunez, Hans-Martin Henning, Walter Mittelbach for the Fraunhofer Institut, a single curve is proposed to describe the level of adsorvate content on the adsorbent (W) of the cycle, as function of the differential potential work of adsorption (A) :
[9] W = f(A) [l]
[10] Where
[II] A = r T ln(Ps(T)/p) [2]
[12] For desorption purposes (Heat input in the cycle) the efficient way to reach a lower level of adsorbate (fluid to be evaporated/condensed) content in the adsorbent (W) is to maximize the Potential work of Adsorption (A).
[13] We can notice in the equation 2 that there is no advantage gained by increasing the pressure (p) during the desorption stage, nor by the use of valves nor by piping inside of the reservoir , like other apparatuses of prior art propose [(EP 1788 324), WO 93/13368, DE 1023762], such components lead to a lower COP and longer cycles times and low mass transfer between each separated component(Reactor, Evaporator and Condensator) on their designs.
[14] A single, monocoque reservoir [Fig.l] can have distinct surfaces temperatures inside of it due to the low heat transfer (conduction and radiation) between those different surfaces inside a closed reservoir and to the low pressure condition on near absolute vacuum . Advantageous Effects
[15] The condensation will be driven only by the difference in surface temperatures and not by pressure changes like the cycles known from prior art.
[16] This single reservoir (monocoque) system of the invention will allow a quicker regeneration of the adsorbent ,it will also improve the mass transfer of the adsorbate for the evaporation/condensation purposes and will reduce cycle times due to the greater mass transfer inside of the reservoi, leading to an increase of the COP of such apparatus. Description of Drawings
[17] Figure 1 is an illustration of the possible combination of different surfaces in order to provide two closed reservoires where the adsorption cycle can be operated as follows.
[18] A mean temperature fluid with a temperature greater than of the evaporator and lower than the reacting surface at desorption stage defined here as Tm, is passed inside the reacting surface (2), this reacting surface can be a metallic or any good heat transfer material in order to cool the adsorbent (5).
[19] The adsorbent that can be a microporous solid like silica-gel, zeolites or active carbon will -according to the equations [1] and [2] - start to adsorb the gaseous molecules of the adsorbate [5] leading to the evaporation of the liquid state adsorbate positioned above the evaporating surface (4) thus providing a refrigerating effect needed for cooling and to lower the specific temperature of the evaporating surface (3).
[20] Surface 3 must be made of a good heat transfer property material, like copper or aluminium or any metallic material.
[21] The adsorbent [5] will then reach its saturation point, at which the evaporation stops.
[22] Hot fluid is now passed between the reacting surfaces [2] that preferably are as thin as possible in order to reduce the heat needed to elevate the adsorbent/reacting surfaces pairs [5 and 2] .
[23] Elevating the temperature of the adsorbent will cause the desorption effect to start
and gaseous molecules are then released from the adsorbent.
[24] Condensation surfaces (1) are maintained at a constant mean temperature Tm, lower than the adsorbent (5) temperature during the described desorption phase. This surface (1) can be made of glass , metallic or any material that leads to a good surface condensation medium .
[25] The surface (1) ideally must have greater area in relation to the other surfaces , to cause the gaseous molecules released from the adsorbent to reach quicker this surface in order to be condensated and slide to the evaporating surface fluid (4),
[26] The condensation phenomena will stop when the adsorbent (5) reaches its equilibrium point due to its surface temperature (Td - highest temperature in the cycle)
[27] Cold fluid is now passed though the apertures of the reacting surfaces in order to bring the adsorbent temperature back to Tm and the cycle of the invention is repeated again.
[28] To achieve a continuous mode of refrigeration effect, two or more monocoques apparatuses can be run alternately.
[29] The surfaces l,3and 5 are in no direct contact with each others, and are separated by plastic or any other similar material with good thermal isolation properties. Industrial Applicability
[30] 1. - air conditioning for domestic, industrial and motorized vehicles purpose.
2. - cooling systems for engines, blowers
3. - chilled water production
Claims
[1] An Adsorption cooling apparatus, composed by different materials/surfaces attached together, where the internal surfaces form a single closed space at low pressure (below atmosferic pression).
[2] An adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where said closed space is composed by an evaporating, condensating and reacting surface.
[3] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where said surfaces claimed in claim 2 are in no direct contact with each others, and separated by a thermal insulator material.
[4] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where said surfaces are made with different material in order to achieve different thermal and surface properties required to run an Adsorption Refrigeration cycle.
[5] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where each said surfaces can achieve different temperatures indepent from each other at the same time.
[6] An adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where prior art reactor is replaced by a surface defined as reacting surface, made of a good heat transfer material (ex: copper, aluminium, etc) and is as thin and light as possible in order to reduce the heat input need of an Adsorption refrigeration cycle, said reacting surface is internally in direct thermal contact with the micropourous adsorbent and externally (outside the closed space) in direct contact with the cooling and heating agent (ex: Thermal Panel heated Water)
[7] An adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where prior art evaporator is replaced by a surface defined as evaporating surface, made of a good heat transfer material (ex: copper, aluminium, etc) and is as thin and light as possible in order to increase the refrigeration output of an Adsorption refrigeration cycle, said evaporating surface will provide the refrigerating effect on its external surface.
[8] An adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where prior art condensator is replaced by a surface defined as condensating surface, made of a good heat transfer material (ex: copper, aluminium,glass etc) said internal condensating surface will provide a medium to the adsorbate release energy and the same adsorbate will then slide to the evaporating surface due to gravitic forces. Said condensating surface is mantained at constant temperature from its external surface by an outside agent.
[9] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 without any piping or valves inside of said closed space, and where an adsorption refrigeration cycle can be achieved.
[10] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 where condensation and desorption stages are promoted simultaneosly and acomplished due to different internal surface temperatures inside the same said closed space.
[11] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of claim 1 without the need of pressure increase to achieve mass transfer from the reacting surface to the condensating surface during the condensation/desorption stage. [12] An Adsorption cooling apparatus of the preceding claims that can be operated without any electrical supply or fossil fuel based energy [13] An adsorption cooling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 that can be operated by thermal solar panels or by vehicles engine waste heat [14] An adsorption cooling apparatus as claimed in claim 1 that can provide cooling power to a thermal isolated tank in order to provide cooling for later usage.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/053775 WO2009121389A1 (en) | 2008-03-29 | 2008-03-29 | Adsorption cooling apparatus,manufacturing and operating method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/053775 WO2009121389A1 (en) | 2008-03-29 | 2008-03-29 | Adsorption cooling apparatus,manufacturing and operating method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009121389A1 true WO2009121389A1 (en) | 2009-10-08 |
Family
ID=40030306
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/053775 WO2009121389A1 (en) | 2008-03-29 | 2008-03-29 | Adsorption cooling apparatus,manufacturing and operating method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2009121389A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102401505A (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-04-04 | 海宁伊满阁太阳能科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for manufacturing absorptive type or adsorptive type refrigeration element for glass shell, and product |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4199959A (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1980-04-29 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Solid adsorption air conditioning apparatus and method |
| US20030033829A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-20 | Smith Douglas M. | Cooling device |
| DE102004053436A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Car air conditioners with adsorption heat pumps |
| DE102005007516A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-31 | Klingenburg Gmbh | Adsorption cooling device, e.g. to act as an adsorption heat pump or refrigerator, draws off/adds water vapor/steam from a vaporizer acting as a cooling element |
-
2008
- 2008-03-29 WO PCT/EP2008/053775 patent/WO2009121389A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4199959A (en) * | 1977-03-24 | 1980-04-29 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Solid adsorption air conditioning apparatus and method |
| US20030033829A1 (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-02-20 | Smith Douglas M. | Cooling device |
| DE102004053436A1 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2006-05-11 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Car air conditioners with adsorption heat pumps |
| DE102005007516A1 (en) * | 2005-02-17 | 2006-08-31 | Klingenburg Gmbh | Adsorption cooling device, e.g. to act as an adsorption heat pump or refrigerator, draws off/adds water vapor/steam from a vaporizer acting as a cooling element |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| A.D.ALTHOUSE, C.H. TURNQUIST,A.F.BRACCIANO: "Modern Refrigeration and Air Conditioning", 2000, THE GOODHEART-WILLCOX COMPANY, INC., XP002506226 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102401505A (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-04-04 | 海宁伊满阁太阳能科技有限公司 | Method and equipment for manufacturing absorptive type or adsorptive type refrigeration element for glass shell, and product |
| CN102401505B (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2014-10-22 | 赵钦基 | Method and equipment for manufacturing absorptive type or adsorptive type refrigeration element for glass shell, and product |
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