WO2009119960A1 - Three-dimensional implementation method of mine tunnel - Google Patents

Three-dimensional implementation method of mine tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009119960A1
WO2009119960A1 PCT/KR2008/007073 KR2008007073W WO2009119960A1 WO 2009119960 A1 WO2009119960 A1 WO 2009119960A1 KR 2008007073 W KR2008007073 W KR 2008007073W WO 2009119960 A1 WO2009119960 A1 WO 2009119960A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coal bed
polylines
value
polyline
point
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2008/007073
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Hyun Ho Kwon
Jeong A. Kim
Seok Ho Yoon
Hae Jeong Park
Young Deok Kwon
Hae Wook Park
Se Kyung Oh
Sang Hyun Park
Original Assignee
Mine Reclamation Corp.
Kangsan Information Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mine Reclamation Corp., Kangsan Information Inc. filed Critical Mine Reclamation Corp.
Priority to EP08873573.3A priority Critical patent/EP2260471A4/en
Publication of WO2009119960A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009119960A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
    • E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/02—Agriculture; Fishing; Mining

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is applied to a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine to three-dimensionally display the tunnel structure (direction, distribution, depth, etc.) of a mine in which mining has been performed through a monitor, and, more particularly, to a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is capable of giving assistance to visually confirm the propriety of development when designing a tunnel or underground facilities in the vicinity of a mine in which mining has been performed, analyzing and predicting a model of an underground mining view in a three-dimensional space when predicting subsidence of ground at a mine area, analyzing an introduction channel of underground leachate when soil pollution due to the underground leachate occurs, and therefore, being suitably utilized as a three-dimensional mine tunnel database necessary for computer analysis when establishing measures for preventing a mine disaster.
  • tunnels such as a vertical shaft, an inclined shaft, a ventilated inclined shaft, a double-track tunnel, a cross tunnel, a subgangway, a raise, etc., are formed in a mine depending upon the distribution of minerals to be mined.
  • the mine area in which the mining has been performed is an area where collapse of ground or subsidence of ground may occur any time due to a natural disaster or other disasters.
  • a database to predict a point where subsidence of ground is expected without a model view of a tunnel in consideration of disasters at the area in question and allow an engineer to visually confirm the distribution (direction, phase, depth, etc.) of the mined tunnel at the area in question when constructing a tunnel, a skiing ground, or underground facilities.
  • a conventional mine tunnel implementation method has used a three-dimensional model view illustrating various mined tunnel structures of a mine or a plan view two- dimensionally illustrating the mined tunnels as a means to predict subsidence of ground.
  • the conventional method using the plan view two-dimensionally illustrating the structure of the mine tunnels is impossible to visually confirm the direction-based relation (vertical, horizontal, or inclined) of the mined tunnels and the phase difference between the tunnels, since the mine tunnel is shown only two-dimensionally.
  • this conventional method is not impossible to accurately predict a point where subsidence of ground is expected, like the previously described conventional method based on the model view.
  • this conventional method brings about inaccurate results in deciding the propriety of development when designing a tunnel or underground facilities. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is applied to a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine to three-dimensionally monitor the tunnel structure (direction, distribution, depth, etc.) of a mine in which mining has been performed through a computer in various directions such that the tunnel structure can be confirmed with the naked eye, thereby analyzing an introduction channel of underground leachate, accurately observing and analyzing a point where subsidence of ground is expected, and greatly contributing to the design of a tunnel or underground facilities.
  • the above and other objects can be accomplished by the provision of a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel, including inputting a coal bed direction segment, a coal bed tilt angle value, and a basic altitude value, which are necessary for three-dimensional implementation of mine tunnel polylines, and initializing an arrangement data structure for storing and referring to the inputted mine tunnel polylines, retrieving nodal points of mine tunnel objects stored in a line object list in the sequence inputted at the input and initialization step to confirm the phase relation between the parent object identifications of the respective line objects, i.e., the parent/child relation between the respective line objects, and refer to the identifications of the parent objects, calculating the number of the parent objects of the respective line objects with respect to the line objects having passed through the phase retrieval step to calculate the number of levels of the level structure constituted by the phase relation between the line objects and process the calculated number of the levels such that the calculated number of the levels can be used as an arrangement reference value, arranging the sequence of the line objects stored in the
  • the processing sequence arrangement step includes recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation, and calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three- dimensional implementation.
  • the step of recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation includes, when a first polyline and a second polyline have a coincident nodal point, excluding a start nodal point of the first polyline and a start nodal point of the second polyline, recognizing the first polyline to be a polyline diverging from the second polyline, i.e., recognizing the first polyline to be a child polyline of the second polyline in the parent/child relation between the first polyline and the second polyline, and arranging the processing sequence of the polylines according to the small number of the parent polylines.
  • the step of calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three-dimensional implementation includes applying a height value acquired through the product of a distance value between a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines on an arbitrary coal bed direction vector according to the coal bed direction vector and a coal bed tilt angle and the origin and a tangent value of the coal bed tilt angle to the Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines to achieve three-dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel polylines.
  • the present invention with the above-stated construction, it is possible to acquire the coal mining rising value of a point obtained by projecting a two- dimensional tunnel polyline on an arbitrary coal bed direction segment according to the coal bed angle thereof in a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine. Therefore, the present invention has the effect of constructing an algorithm to effectively achieve three-dimensional implementation of the existing two- dimensional tunnel and utilizing the three-dimensional tunnel polyline as database.
  • the present invention has the effect of giving assistance in designing a tunnel or underground facilities in the vicinity of a mine in which mining has been performed.
  • FIG. 1 is a constructional view illustrating a spatial database management system to which the present invention is applied;
  • FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional plan view illustrating polylines of a mine tunnel according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a method of perpendicularly projecting segments consisting of start and end nodal points of the polylines phase- arranged in FIG. 2 on a coal bed plane to achieve three-dimensional implementation;
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating results acquired by applying the three-dimensional implementation method illustrated in FIG. 3 to the respective nodal points of the polylines of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an input and initialization step of the three- dimensional implementation method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a phase retrieval step of the three-dimensional implementation method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a phase level classification step of the three- dimensional implementation method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a processing sequence arrangement step of the three-dimensional implementation method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a three-dimensional implementation step of the three-dimensional implementation method according to the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • the present invention relates to a principle of three-dimensionally implementing a mine tunnel in the form of a two-dimensional plan view through perpendicular projection on a coal bed plane utilizing a property of the mine tunnel in that coal is mined in parallel to the coal bed plane below a coal bed and coal ore is collected by gravity.
  • the present invention provides a record medium, readable by a computer, on which a program for implementing a first function to phase-arrange mine tunnel polylines in a mining sequence and a second function to perpendicularly project nodal points of the respective polylines on arbitrary coal bed direction segments according to the arranged sequence to calculate rising heights depending upon coal bed tilt angles of the projected points for three-dimensional implementation, to a spatial database management system with a processor.
  • a Z-coordinate value of a three-dimensional point on a coal bed plane in a three- dimensional space of the Z-coordinate value of a segment constituted by mine tunnel polylines according to the present invention is acquired by the following Mathematical equation 1.
  • Z is a Z-coordinate value at the end of a segment constituted by mine tunnel polylines
  • ⁇ is a coal bed tilt angle
  • Lv is an arbitrary segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines
  • Bv is a coal bed direction segment vector
  • (Lv-Bv) is a dot product value of the mine tunnel polyline segment vector and the coal bed direction segment vector in a two-dimensional space.
  • FIG. 1 is a constructional view illustrating a spatial database management system to which the present invention is applied.
  • the spatial database management system mainly includes an inquiry processing system 10 and a storage system 20.
  • a mine tunnel polyline three-dimensional processor 12 one of the principal operators of the spatial database management system to which the present invention is applied, is configured to be mounted in an inquiry execution unit 11 in the inquiry processing system 10.
  • the storage system 20 stores a program for three-dimensionally implementing mine tunnel polylines and data processed by the inquiry processing system 10.
  • the inquiry processing system 10 includes an input unit 30 for reading a fundamental two-dimensional mine tunnel topographical map and inputting information necessary for three-dimensional implementation of a mine tunnel or inputting various kinds of command information to be processed.
  • the inquiry processing system 10 includes a display unit 40 for allowing a user to confirm three-dimensional data of the mine tunnel processed by the input unit 30 and edited screen data of the spatial database management system with the naked eye.
  • the inquiry processing system 10 includes a communication unit 50 for transmitting the three-dimensional data of the mine tunnel processed in the inquiry processing system 10 to the outside or receiving fundamental data of the mine tunnel from the outside.
  • FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional plan view illustrating examples of mine tunnel polylines according to the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 2 illustrates polylines A, B, C, and D, representing mine tunnels, a coal bed direction segment tilted at an angle of 45 degrees, and a phase sequence of A->D, A->B, and A->B->C, showing a mining sequence. Also, FIG.
  • nodal points constituting the respective polylines i.e., nodal points al, a2, a3, and a4 of the polyline A, nodal points bl, b2, b3, and b4 of the polyline B starting from the nodal point a2 of the polyline A, nodal points cl, c2, and c3 of the polyline C starting from the nodal point b3 of the polyline B, and nodal points dl, d2, and d3 of the polyline D starting from the nodal point a3 of the polyline A.
  • the parent/child phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines is characterized in that, when a polyline diverges from a nodal point excluding a start point of the parent polyline, the corresponding polyline becomes a child polyline.
  • the polyline D diverges from the nodal point a3 of the polyline A, with the result that the polyline D becomes a child polyline of the polyline A.
  • the polyline B diverges from the nodal point a2 of the polyline A at the nodal point bl of the polyline B, with the result that the polyline A becomes a parent polyline of the polyline B.
  • the polyline B becomes a parent polyline of the polyline C.
  • FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a method of perpendicularly projecting segments consisting of start and end nodal points of the polylines phase- arranged in FIG. 2 on a coal bed plane to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a method of perpendicularly projecting an end point
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating results acquired by applying the three-dimensional implementation method illustrated in FIG. 3 to the respective nodal points of the polylines of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel according to the present invention.
  • the three- dimensional implementation method includes an input and initialization step (501), a phase retrieval step (502), a phase level classification step (503), a processing sequence arrangement step (504), and a three-dimensional implementation step (505), which are carried out in sequence.
  • the respective steps will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 10.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the input and initialization step
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the phase retrieval step
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the phase level classification step
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the processing sequence arrangement step
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the three-dimensional implementation step.
  • a line object generally indicates a mine tunnel polyline.
  • the line object is defined as an object consisting of an identification attribute identifying itself, a parent object identification (PID) attribute indicating a parent object, a level (LEVEL) attribute necessary to perform phase arrangement between the respective polylines, and an arrangement list (NODES) attribute storing nodes constituting mine tunnel polylines.
  • PID parent object identification
  • LEVEL level
  • NODES arrangement list
  • the line object indicates the mine tunnel polyline
  • the arrangement structure for storing line objects is referred to as a line object list.
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the input and initialization step. That is, FIG. 6 illustrates a step of inputting a coal bed direction segment, a coal bed tilt angle value, and a basic altitude value, which are necessary for three-dimensional implementation of mine tunnel polylines, and initializing an arrangement data structure for storing and referring to the inputted mine tunnel polylines.
  • a start point and an end point constituting the coal bed direction segment are inputted (601). And the start point is subtracted from the inputted end point to substitute the subtraction result into a coal bed direction vector Bv, such that a perpendicular projection calculation is easily performed, and the coal bed direction vector Bv is stored as a unit vector (602).
  • a line object list variable P having information of mine tunnel polylines to be three-dimensionally implemented is created, and a temporary serial number variable (NID) of an object identification (ID) for granting identifications (ID) of the polylines is initialized to be 1 (605).
  • NID temporary serial number variable
  • mine tunnel polylines to be three-dimensionally implemented are read out from the storage system in the spatial database management system to refer to as a line object reference variable and the object identification (ID) is initialized to be the value of the temporary serial number variable (NID) (607).
  • ID object identification
  • ID is increased by 1, and the increased temporary serial number variable is substituted into the object identification (ID) of the next object (609).
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the phase retrieval step. Nodal points of the objects stored in the line object list P are retrieved with respect to the mine tunnel polyline objects stored in the line object list P in the sequence inputted at the input step as described with reference to FIG. 6 to confirm the phase relation between the parent object identifications (PID) of the respective line objects, i.e., the parent/child relation between the respective line objects, and refer to the identifications (ID) of the parent objects.
  • PID parent object identifications
  • processes 703 to 712 are repeatedly carried out with respect to the respective line objects stored in the line object list P processed at the input and initialization step (501) to initialize the parent object identification (PID) attributes of the respective line objects to be 0.
  • PID parent object identification
  • an i" 1 line object is referred to as a line object reference variable Pi from the line object list, and a first nodal point in a nodal point list attribute of the line object reference variable Pi is substituted into a two-dimensional point variable Ns (703). And then, the processes 704 to 712 are repeatedly carried out with respect to line objects excluding the current line object reference variable Pi.
  • a k" 1 line object is referred to as a line object reference variable Pk from the line object list, and respective nodal points are enumerated with respect to the remaining nodal points of the line object Pk, excluding a start nodal point of the line object Pk, (706) to determine whether there exists a nodal point coinciding with the point Ns on two-dimensional coordinates (707).
  • FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the phase level classification step, which is a step of calculating the number of the parent objects of the respective line objects with respect to the line objects having passed through the phase retrieval step described with reference to FIG. 7 to calculate the number of levels of the level structure constituted by the phase relation between the corresponding line objects and process the calculated number of the levels such that the calculated number of the levels can be used as an arrangement reference value.
  • a process of adding 1 to the i th item is repeatedly carried out in loop to enumerate the line objects the parent object identification (PID) values of which have been processed from the line object list to refer to as an i" 1 line object Pi, initialize the level attribute value of the line object Pi to be 0, and substitute the line object Pi and the parent object identification (PID) into a temporary variable Cp (803).
  • PID parent object identification
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the processing sequence arrangement step, which is a step of arranging the sequence of the line objects stored in the line object list P with respect to the line objects the number of the parent objects of which is accumulated to the level attribute value through the execution of the processes described with reference to FIG. 7 in ascending order with the level attribute value as a reference value.
  • FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the three-dimensional implementation step, which is a step of acquiring a height value of a projection point existing on the coal bed plane in the three-dimensional space tilted at a coal bed angle of a point perpendicularly projected on the coal bed direction vector, with respect to the line objects of the line object list P the processing sequence of which is arranged through the processes described with reference to the flow charts of FIGS. 7 to 9, and granting the acquired height value to Z-coordinate values of the nodal points of the respective line object to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
  • FIG. 9 (1001, 1002), an i" 1 line object of the line object list P is referred to as Pi, and the basic altitude value Bz inputted at the input and initialization step described with reference to FIG. 5 is substituted and copied to the Z-coordinate value of the first nodal point of the Pi (1003) to achieve initialization.
  • the segment vector having the start point Ns and the end point Ne, constituting the mine tunnel polyline segment acquired at the process 1016 is stored in a vector variable Lv as a segment vector to be currently processed, the dot product of the segment vector and the coal bed vector Bv inputted at the input step described with reference to FIG. 6 is acquired, and the dot product value is stored in a temporary variable C (1017).
  • the mathematical meaning of the dot product value C is in that the mine tunnel segment vector is perpendicularly projected on the coal bed vector. Therefore, a vector acquired by interpolating the coal bed direction vector Bv at a rate of C becomes a projection vector acquired by perpendicularly projecting the mine tunnel segment vector Lv on the coal bed vector Bv.
  • the rising height value of the projection point as calculated above is added to the Z- coordinate coal mining rising value Zp of the previous nodal point.
  • the resultant value is stored in a variable Zc and is applied to the Z-coordinate value of the end nodal point Ne of the segment being currently processed to achieve three-dimensional implementation (1019).
  • a mine tunnel polyline B consisting of nodal points, i.e., b 1(40,40,0), b2(60,40,0), b3(70,50,0), and b4(90,60,0), all of which have X, Y, and Z coordinate values with a Z value of 0, is inputted (607), the inputted mine tunnel polyline B is referred to as a line object identification (ID) of which is 1 and added to the line object list P (608).
  • ID line object identification
  • a polyline A consisting of nodal points, i.e., al (20,20,0), a2(40,40,0), a3(40,50,0), and a4(90,60,0), is inputted (607), the inputted polyline A is referred to as a line object identification (ID) of which is 2 and added to the line object list P (608).
  • ID line object identification
  • the line objects B and A stored in the line object list are enumerated (704), and the start nodal point bl of the polyline B is compared with the nodal points, excluding the start nodal points, of the enumerated line objects to determine the parent/ child phase relation between line objects indicating the mine tunnel polylines stored in the line object list P in the sequence of B and A (705 to 708).
  • the start nodal point b 1(40,40,0) of the polyline B coincides in coordinate value with the intermediate nodal point a2(40,40,0) of the polyline A (708), with the result that the polyline B is determined as the child of the polyline A, and the identification (ID) attribute value, which is 2, of the polyline A is stored in the parent object identification (ID) attribute of the polyline B (709).
  • the number of high-level parent objects is substituted and stored into the level attribute values of the line objects B and A stored in the line object list.
  • the polyline B having passed through the phase level classification step has a parent object identification (PID) attribute of 2. Consequently, the procedure including the determination processes 804 to 809 illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 7 is repeatedly carried out to retrieve high-level parent objects coinciding with the identification (ID) in question. For example, the polyline A may be retrieved.
  • the level attribute value of the polyline B is increased by 1 (810) such that the level attribute value of the polyline B becomes 1.
  • the number of the parent objects is 1, and therefore, the polyline B is classified as one level according to the phase level classification.
  • the polyline A has a parent object identification (PID) of 0, with the result that the processes 804 to 811 cannot be carried out, and therefore, the level of the polyline A is initialized to be 0 (803).
  • the storage sequence of the polylines B and A stored in the sequence of B and A is arranged in ascending order using a level attribute value such that the storage is achieved in the sequence of A and B, i.e., the high-level parent object is first stored and the low-level child object is subsequently stored, and then the arrangement processes 901 to 909 are carried out to change the sequence of B and A into the sequence of A and B and store the sequence of A and B in the line object list P having passed through the phase level classification step.
  • the polyline A is first processed according to the sequence arranged and stored in the line object list P.
  • the start nodal point of the polyline A is initialized to be the basic altitude value, which is 0, inputted at the input step, with the result that the start nodal point of the polyline A becomes al (20,20,0). Since the polyline A has no parent object, the retrieval processes 1005 to 1013 of acquiring the Z-coordinate value of the diverging nodal point of the parent object are not carried out.
  • the Z-coordinate value, which is 0, of the start nodal point of the polyline A is temporarily stored in the previous altitude value Zp (1014), a segment vector Lv(20,20) connecting al and a2 is acquired, and a dot product value 28 of the segment vector Lv(20,20) and the coal bed direction segment vector Bv(0.707,0.707) stored at the input step is acquired (1017).
  • the coal bed direction segment vector Bv is interpolated with the dot product value 28 to acquire a vector magnitude value of the projection vector (20,20).
  • the height value of the projection vector is calculated using an equation of coal bed tilt angle (tan) * vector magnitude value of the projection vector with the acquired vector magnitude value of the projection vector as the base of a right triangle, it is possible to acquire a three-dimensional point using a2(40,40,28) shown in FIG. 4 as the Z-coordinate value of the end point of the corresponding segment in the three- dimensional space.
  • the above process is applied to the height value of the Z- coordinate of the end point of the segment for each polyline to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
  • the three-dimensional implementation method of the mine tunnel according to the present invention is capable of acquiring the coal mining rising value of a point obtained by projecting a two-dimensional tunnel polyline on an arbitrary coal bed direction segment according to the coal bed angle thereof in a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine, thereby constructing an algorithm to effectively achieve three-dimensional implementation of the existing two-dimensional tunnel and utilizing the three-dimensional tunnel polyline as a database.
  • the three-dimensional implementation method of the mine tunnel according to the present invention is capable of accurately predicting and analyzing, with the naked eye, a point where subsidence of ground is expected even when analyzing subsidence of ground which may occur due to mining, thereby giving assistance in designing a tunnel or underground facilities in the vicinity of a mine in which mining has been performed.
  • the present invention is industrially applicable to three-dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel.

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Abstract

Disclosed herein is a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is applied to a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine to three-dimensionally display the tunnel structure (direction, distribution, depth, etc.) of a mine in which mining has been performed through a monitor. The three-dimensional implementation method includes recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation, and calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three-dimensional implementation.

Description

Description
THREE-DIMENSIONAL IMPLEMENTATION METHOD OF
MINE TUNNEL
Technical Field
[1] The present invention relates to a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is applied to a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine to three-dimensionally display the tunnel structure (direction, distribution, depth, etc.) of a mine in which mining has been performed through a monitor, and, more particularly, to a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is capable of giving assistance to visually confirm the propriety of development when designing a tunnel or underground facilities in the vicinity of a mine in which mining has been performed, analyzing and predicting a model of an underground mining view in a three-dimensional space when predicting subsidence of ground at a mine area, analyzing an introduction channel of underground leachate when soil pollution due to the underground leachate occurs, and therefore, being suitably utilized as a three-dimensional mine tunnel database necessary for computer analysis when establishing measures for preventing a mine disaster. Background Art
[2] Generally, various kinds of tunnels, such as a vertical shaft, an inclined shaft, a ventilated inclined shaft, a double-track tunnel, a cross tunnel, a subgangway, a raise, etc., are formed in a mine depending upon the distribution of minerals to be mined.
[3] Mining is carried out along lines of minerals. Consequently, a tunnel is distributed over a relatively large area while the mining phase of the tunnel is multilaterally changed. As a result, a disaster, such as collapse of ground or subsidence of ground, may occur due to spaces created by mining in a mine.
[4] In other words, the mine area in which the mining has been performed is an area where collapse of ground or subsidence of ground may occur any time due to a natural disaster or other disasters. For this reason, there is a high necessity for a database to predict a point where subsidence of ground is expected without a model view of a tunnel in consideration of disasters at the area in question and allow an engineer to visually confirm the distribution (direction, phase, depth, etc.) of the mined tunnel at the area in question when constructing a tunnel, a skiing ground, or underground facilities.
[5] A conventional mine tunnel implementation method has used a three-dimensional model view illustrating various mined tunnel structures of a mine or a plan view two- dimensionally illustrating the mined tunnels as a means to predict subsidence of ground.
[6] However, the three-dimensional model view presented as one of the conventional methods is impossible to confirm the complicated entire tunnel mined throughout a large area at first glance.
[7] In other words, it is substantially impossible to manufacture an entire model view fully illustrating a vertical shaft as a reference, an inclined shaft having no vertical phase angle, and tunnels continuously extending from the inclined shaft in vertical, horizontal, and inclined relations.
[8] Consequently, it is not possible to confirm how the branch tunnels are connected to the mother tunnel through the use of the modeling method presented as an example of the mine tunnel structure. As a result, it is not possible to analyze an introduction channel of underground leachate or accurately predict a point where subsidence of ground is expected. Furthermore, the conventional method is not helpful in deciding the propriety of development when designing a tunnel or underground facilities.
[9] Also, the conventional method using the plan view two-dimensionally illustrating the structure of the mine tunnels is impossible to visually confirm the direction-based relation (vertical, horizontal, or inclined) of the mined tunnels and the phase difference between the tunnels, since the mine tunnel is shown only two-dimensionally. In addition, it is not possible to confirm where the branch tunnels are connected to or diverge from the mother tunnel, since the phase difference between the tunnels is not clear. As a result, this conventional method is not impossible to accurately predict a point where subsidence of ground is expected, like the previously described conventional method based on the model view. Furthermore, this conventional method brings about inaccurate results in deciding the propriety of development when designing a tunnel or underground facilities. Disclosure of Invention Technical Problem
[10] Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is applied to a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine to three-dimensionally monitor the tunnel structure (direction, distribution, depth, etc.) of a mine in which mining has been performed through a computer in various directions such that the tunnel structure can be confirmed with the naked eye, thereby analyzing an introduction channel of underground leachate, accurately observing and analyzing a point where subsidence of ground is expected, and greatly contributing to the design of a tunnel or underground facilities. [11] It is another object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel that is capable of providing an output to confirm the tunnel structure of a required part in various directions through a record medium in which the tunnel structure (direction, distribution, depth, etc.) of a mine in which mining has been performed is stored in the form of a database. Technical Solution
[12] In accordance with the present invention, the above and other objects can be accomplished by the provision of a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel, including inputting a coal bed direction segment, a coal bed tilt angle value, and a basic altitude value, which are necessary for three-dimensional implementation of mine tunnel polylines, and initializing an arrangement data structure for storing and referring to the inputted mine tunnel polylines, retrieving nodal points of mine tunnel objects stored in a line object list in the sequence inputted at the input and initialization step to confirm the phase relation between the parent object identifications of the respective line objects, i.e., the parent/child relation between the respective line objects, and refer to the identifications of the parent objects, calculating the number of the parent objects of the respective line objects with respect to the line objects having passed through the phase retrieval step to calculate the number of levels of the level structure constituted by the phase relation between the line objects and process the calculated number of the levels such that the calculated number of the levels can be used as an arrangement reference value, arranging the sequence of the line objects stored in the line object list with respect to the line objects the number of the parent objects of which is accumulated to the level attribute value through the execution of the phase retrieval step in ascending order with the level attribute value as a reference value, and acquiring a height value of a projection point existing on the coal bed plane in the three-dimensional space tilted at a coal bed angle of a point perpendicularly projected on the coal bed direction vector, with respect to the line objects of the line object list the processing sequence of which is arranged through the execution of the phase retrieval step, the phase level classification step, and the processing sequence arrangement step and granting the acquired height value to Z-coordinate values of the nodal points of the respective line objects to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
[13] Preferably, the processing sequence arrangement step includes recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation, and calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three- dimensional implementation.
[14] Preferably, the step of recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation includes, when a first polyline and a second polyline have a coincident nodal point, excluding a start nodal point of the first polyline and a start nodal point of the second polyline, recognizing the first polyline to be a polyline diverging from the second polyline, i.e., recognizing the first polyline to be a child polyline of the second polyline in the parent/child relation between the first polyline and the second polyline, and arranging the processing sequence of the polylines according to the small number of the parent polylines.
[15] Preferably, the step of calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three-dimensional implementation includes applying a height value acquired through the product of a distance value between a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines on an arbitrary coal bed direction vector according to the coal bed direction vector and a coal bed tilt angle and the origin and a tangent value of the coal bed tilt angle to the Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines to achieve three-dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel polylines.
Advantageous Effects
[16] According to the present invention with the above-stated construction, it is possible to acquire the coal mining rising value of a point obtained by projecting a two- dimensional tunnel polyline on an arbitrary coal bed direction segment according to the coal bed angle thereof in a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine. Therefore, the present invention has the effect of constructing an algorithm to effectively achieve three-dimensional implementation of the existing two- dimensional tunnel and utilizing the three-dimensional tunnel polyline as database.
[17] Furthermore, it is possible to accurately predict and analyze, with the naked eye, a point where subsidence of ground is expected even when analyzing subsidence of ground which may occur due to mining. Therefore, the present invention has the effect of giving assistance in designing a tunnel or underground facilities in the vicinity of a mine in which mining has been performed. Brief Description of the Drawings
[18] The above and other objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[19] FIG. 1 is a constructional view illustrating a spatial database management system to which the present invention is applied;
[20] FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional plan view illustrating polylines of a mine tunnel according to the present invention;
[21] FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a method of perpendicularly projecting segments consisting of start and end nodal points of the polylines phase- arranged in FIG. 2 on a coal bed plane to achieve three-dimensional implementation;
[22] FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating results acquired by applying the three-dimensional implementation method illustrated in FIG. 3 to the respective nodal points of the polylines of FIG. 2;
[23] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel according to the present invention;
[24] FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating an input and initialization step of the three- dimensional implementation method according to the present invention;
[25] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating a phase retrieval step of the three-dimensional implementation method according to the present invention;
[26] FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a phase level classification step of the three- dimensional implementation method according to the present invention;
[27] FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a processing sequence arrangement step of the three-dimensional implementation method according to the present invention; and
[28] FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a three-dimensional implementation step of the three-dimensional implementation method according to the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[29] The present invention relates to a principle of three-dimensionally implementing a mine tunnel in the form of a two-dimensional plan view through perpendicular projection on a coal bed plane utilizing a property of the mine tunnel in that coal is mined in parallel to the coal bed plane below a coal bed and coal ore is collected by gravity.
[30] Therefore, the present invention provides a record medium, readable by a computer, on which a program for implementing a first function to phase-arrange mine tunnel polylines in a mining sequence and a second function to perpendicularly project nodal points of the respective polylines on arbitrary coal bed direction segments according to the arranged sequence to calculate rising heights depending upon coal bed tilt angles of the projected points for three-dimensional implementation, to a spatial database management system with a processor.
[31] A Z-coordinate value of a three-dimensional point on a coal bed plane in a three- dimensional space of the Z-coordinate value of a segment constituted by mine tunnel polylines according to the present invention is acquired by the following Mathematical equation 1.
[32] [Mathematical equation 1]
[33] Z = tan(α)l(Lv-Bv)Bvl
[34] Where, Z is a Z-coordinate value at the end of a segment constituted by mine tunnel polylines, α is a coal bed tilt angle, Lv is an arbitrary segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines, Bv is a coal bed direction segment vector, and (Lv-Bv) is a dot product value of the mine tunnel polyline segment vector and the coal bed direction segment vector in a two-dimensional space. When interpolating the coal bed direction vector with the dot product value, it is possible to acquire a projection vector resulting from the perpendicular projection of the mine tunnel polyline segment vector on the coal bed direction vector, represented by (Lv-Bv)Bv.
[35] A coal mining rising height value risen perpendicularly toward the coal bed plane at the point constituted by the projection vector (Lv-Bv)Bv in the direction coinciding with the direction of gravity using a principle of a right triangle, i.e., the height value Z at the end point of the mine tunnel segment vector rising at the tilt angle from the above-acquired value of the projection vector 1(Lv-Bv)BvI as the base, is acquired by production of tan(α) and 1(Lv-Bv)BvI.
[36] According to the present invention, it is possible to create three-dimensional mine tunnel polylines necessary to predict the subsidence of ground in a fashion similar to the actual state without field measurement, thereby improving analysis of underground facilities of a mine.
[37] The above objects, features and other advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[38] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[39] FIG. 1 is a constructional view illustrating a spatial database management system to which the present invention is applied.
[40] As shown in FIG. 1, the spatial database management system, to which the present invention is applied, mainly includes an inquiry processing system 10 and a storage system 20.
[41] A mine tunnel polyline three-dimensional processor 12, one of the principal operators of the spatial database management system to which the present invention is applied, is configured to be mounted in an inquiry execution unit 11 in the inquiry processing system 10. The storage system 20 stores a program for three-dimensionally implementing mine tunnel polylines and data processed by the inquiry processing system 10.
[42] The inquiry processing system 10 includes an input unit 30 for reading a fundamental two-dimensional mine tunnel topographical map and inputting information necessary for three-dimensional implementation of a mine tunnel or inputting various kinds of command information to be processed.
[43] Also, the inquiry processing system 10 includes a display unit 40 for allowing a user to confirm three-dimensional data of the mine tunnel processed by the input unit 30 and edited screen data of the spatial database management system with the naked eye.
[44] Also, the inquiry processing system 10 includes a communication unit 50 for transmitting the three-dimensional data of the mine tunnel processed in the inquiry processing system 10 to the outside or receiving fundamental data of the mine tunnel from the outside.
[45] FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional plan view illustrating examples of mine tunnel polylines according to the present invention. Specifically, FIG. 2 illustrates polylines A, B, C, and D, representing mine tunnels, a coal bed direction segment tilted at an angle of 45 degrees, and a phase sequence of A->D, A->B, and A->B->C, showing a mining sequence. Also, FIG. 2 illustrates nodal points constituting the respective polylines, i.e., nodal points al, a2, a3, and a4 of the polyline A, nodal points bl, b2, b3, and b4 of the polyline B starting from the nodal point a2 of the polyline A, nodal points cl, c2, and c3 of the polyline C starting from the nodal point b3 of the polyline B, and nodal points dl, d2, and d3 of the polyline D starting from the nodal point a3 of the polyline A.
[46] That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the parent/child phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines is characterized in that, when a polyline diverges from a nodal point excluding a start point of the parent polyline, the corresponding polyline becomes a child polyline.
[47] Therefore, the polyline D diverges from the nodal point a3 of the polyline A, with the result that the polyline D becomes a child polyline of the polyline A. Also, the polyline B diverges from the nodal point a2 of the polyline A at the nodal point bl of the polyline B, with the result that the polyline A becomes a parent polyline of the polyline B. And the polyline B becomes a parent polyline of the polyline C.
[48] Consequently, it can be seen that the processing sequence based on the phase relation between the polylines illustrated in FIG. 2 is A->B->C->D. A method of retrieving the parent/child phase relation between mine tunnel polylines inputted in an arbitrary sequence and arranging the processing sequence thereof will be described in detail with reference to flow charts illustrated in FIGS. 6, 7, and 8.
[49] FIG. 3 is a view illustrating a method of perpendicularly projecting segments consisting of start and end nodal points of the polylines phase- arranged in FIG. 2 on a coal bed plane to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
[50] Specifically, FIG. 3 illustrates a method of perpendicularly projecting an end point
L2 of a two-dimensional input segment L connecting a point O and the end point L2 on a two-dimensional coal bed direction segment connecting the point O and a point D2 to acquire a perpendicular projection point P2, calculating a height h between the point P2 and a point P3 acquired by perpendicularly projecting the point P2 on a coal bed plane tilted at a coal bed tilt angle α using the product of the linear distance between the point O and the point P2 and tan(α), i.e., IP2-OI tan(α), according to the Pythagorean theorem, and acquiring a point L3 in a three-dimensional space existing on the coal bed plane using h as the rising height of the point L2, to achieve three- dimensional implementation. The algorithm will be described hereinafter in detail with reference to FIG. 9.
[51] FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating results acquired by applying the three-dimensional implementation method illustrated in FIG. 3 to the respective nodal points of the polylines of FIG. 2.
[52] It can be seen from FIG. 4 that the respective nodal points rise in parallel to the three- dimensional coal bed direction in a three-dimensional space, and a mine tunnel is three-dimensionally implemented in a manner similar to the form of an actual mine tunnel in which coal is mined along a coal bed.
[53] FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the three- dimensional implementation method includes an input and initialization step (501), a phase retrieval step (502), a phase level classification step (503), a processing sequence arrangement step (504), and a three-dimensional implementation step (505), which are carried out in sequence. The respective steps will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 6 to 10.
[54] Specifically, FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the input and initialization step, FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the phase retrieval step, FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the phase level classification step, FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the processing sequence arrangement step, and FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the three-dimensional implementation step.
[55] Before the detailed description of the respective steps, it is necessary to define a data structure called a line object to easily describe the present invention.
[56] In the present invention, a line object generally indicates a mine tunnel polyline.
Since it is necessary to store an attribute exhibiting a parent/child relation as a property of the mine tunnel polyline, the line object is defined as an object consisting of an identification attribute identifying itself, a parent object identification (PID) attribute indicating a parent object, a level (LEVEL) attribute necessary to perform phase arrangement between the respective polylines, and an arrangement list (NODES) attribute storing nodes constituting mine tunnel polylines.
[57] In the present invention, the line object indicates the mine tunnel polyline, and the arrangement structure for storing line objects is referred to as a line object list.
[58] FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating the input and initialization step. That is, FIG. 6 illustrates a step of inputting a coal bed direction segment, a coal bed tilt angle value, and a basic altitude value, which are necessary for three-dimensional implementation of mine tunnel polylines, and initializing an arrangement data structure for storing and referring to the inputted mine tunnel polylines.
[59] Specifically, a start point and an end point constituting the coal bed direction segment are inputted (601). And the start point is subtracted from the inputted end point to substitute the subtraction result into a coal bed direction vector Bv, such that a perpendicular projection calculation is easily performed, and the coal bed direction vector Bv is stored as a unit vector (602).
[60] Subsequently, an angle at which a coal bed plane tilts from the horizontal surface of the earth in a three-dimensional space in the coal bed direction is inputted and stored in a variable Ba (603). And a basic altitude value of a mine is inputted and stored in another variable Bz (604).
[61] Subsequently, as an initialization step, a line object list variable P having information of mine tunnel polylines to be three-dimensionally implemented is created, and a temporary serial number variable (NID) of an object identification (ID) for granting identifications (ID) of the polylines is initialized to be 1 (605).
[62] Subsequently, mine tunnel polylines to be three-dimensionally implemented are read out from the storage system in the spatial database management system to refer to as a line object reference variable and the object identification (ID) is initialized to be the value of the temporary serial number variable (NID) (607).
[63] Subsequently, a new mine tunnel polyline is inputted to refer to as an initialized line object variable and is added to the line object list P as a new item (608).
[64] Subsequently, the temporary serial number variable (NID) of the object identification
(ID) is increased by 1, and the increased temporary serial number variable is substituted into the object identification (ID) of the next object (609).
[65] FIG. 7 is a flow chart illustrating the phase retrieval step. Nodal points of the objects stored in the line object list P are retrieved with respect to the mine tunnel polyline objects stored in the line object list P in the sequence inputted at the input step as described with reference to FIG. 6 to confirm the phase relation between the parent object identifications (PID) of the respective line objects, i.e., the parent/child relation between the respective line objects, and refer to the identifications (ID) of the parent objects.
[66] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7, processes 703 to 712 are repeatedly carried out with respect to the respective line objects stored in the line object list P processed at the input and initialization step (501) to initialize the parent object identification (PID) attributes of the respective line objects to be 0.
[67] First, an i"1 line object is referred to as a line object reference variable Pi from the line object list, and a first nodal point in a nodal point list attribute of the line object reference variable Pi is substituted into a two-dimensional point variable Ns (703). And then, the processes 704 to 712 are repeatedly carried out with respect to line objects excluding the current line object reference variable Pi.
[68] Subsequently, a k"1 line object is referred to as a line object reference variable Pk from the line object list, and respective nodal points are enumerated with respect to the remaining nodal points of the line object Pk, excluding a start nodal point of the line object Pk, (706) to determine whether there exists a nodal point coinciding with the point Ns on two-dimensional coordinates (707).
[69] When any one of the nodal points of the line object Pk coincides with the first start nodal point Ns of the line object Pi (708), which means that the line object Pk is retrieved as a parent object of the line object Pi, the identification attribute value of the line object Pk is copied to the parent object identification (PID) attribute of the line object reference variable Pi (709), and the parent retrieval loop is ended.
[70] Subsequently, processes 702 to 713 are repeatedly carried out, while the i"1 line object is referred to (713), to apply the parent object identification (PID) attribute values of all the line objects in the line object list P to the parent objects.
[71] FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating the phase level classification step, which is a step of calculating the number of the parent objects of the respective line objects with respect to the line objects having passed through the phase retrieval step described with reference to FIG. 7 to calculate the number of levels of the level structure constituted by the phase relation between the corresponding line objects and process the calculated number of the levels such that the calculated number of the levels can be used as an arrangement reference value.
[72] As shown in Fig. 8, at a process of substituting the number of items of the line object list P into Pn to determine whether an i"1 item exists in the line object list P (802), a process of adding 1 to the ith item (812) is repeatedly carried out in loop to enumerate the line objects the parent object identification (PID) values of which have been processed from the line object list to refer to as an i"1 line object Pi, initialize the level attribute value of the line object Pi to be 0, and substitute the line object Pi and the parent object identification (PID) into a temporary variable Cp (803).
[73] At a parent object existence determination process of determining whether there exist parent line objects having identification (ID) attribute values coinciding with the variable Cp in which the current parent object identification is stored (804), a process of retrieving the parent objects of the line object Pk (811) is repeatedly carried out to accumulate the number of the parent objects enumerated to the level attribute of the line object reference variable Pi (810).
[74] FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the processing sequence arrangement step, which is a step of arranging the sequence of the line objects stored in the line object list P with respect to the line objects the number of the parent objects of which is accumulated to the level attribute value through the execution of the processes described with reference to FIG. 7 in ascending order with the level attribute value as a reference value.
[75] As shown in FIG. 9, a series of processes including a process of substituting the number of items of the line object list P into Pn (901) to a process of referring to the next object (909) is identical to a basic arrangement algorithm well known to persons having ordinary skills in the art to which the present invention pertains, i.e., a quick sort algorithm. In other words, the process of FIG. 9 is nothing but a well-know technology in the art to which the present invention pertains. Accordingly, a detailed description of the process illustrated in FIG. 9 will not be given.
[76] FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating the three-dimensional implementation step, which is a step of acquiring a height value of a projection point existing on the coal bed plane in the three-dimensional space tilted at a coal bed angle of a point perpendicularly projected on the coal bed direction vector, with respect to the line objects of the line object list P the processing sequence of which is arranged through the processes described with reference to the flow charts of FIGS. 7 to 9, and granting the acquired height value to Z-coordinate values of the nodal points of the respective line object to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
[77] With respect to n mine tunnel polyline line objects stored in the line object list P in
FIG. 9 (1001, 1002), an i"1 line object of the line object list P is referred to as Pi, and the basic altitude value Bz inputted at the input and initialization step described with reference to FIG. 5 is substituted and copied to the Z-coordinate value of the first nodal point of the Pi (1003) to achieve initialization.
[78] When the Pi has no parent object, the basic altitude value copied at the substitution and copying process 1003 is used as it is. On the other hand, when the Pi has a parent object (1004), which means that the Pi is a child line object, processes 1005 to 1013 of retrieving a diverging nodal point of the parent line object are carried out, and the retrieved diverging nodal point is copied and stored in the Z-coordinate value of the first start nodal point of the Pi.
[79] The processes of retrieving the diverging nodal point of the parent line object 1005 to
1013 are identical to the processes 701 to 713 of the phase retrieval step described with reference to FIG. 7. The Z-coordinate value of the diverging nodal point of the parent object retrieved through the above-described processes is copied to the Z-coordinate value of the first nodal point of the Pi being currently processed (1012).
[80] The Z-coordinate value of the first nodal point of the line object Pi stored through the above-described processes 1003 to 1013 is copied to a temporary variable Zp, and an initialization process of enumerating nodal points of the line object Pi is carried out (1014).
[81] With respect to segments consisting of start points and end points of the polylines of the line object Pi, which are mine tunnel polylines, an m"1 polyline nodal point of the line object Pi is substituted into a point Ns, and then an m+l"1 polyline nodal point of the line object Pi is substituted into a point Ne (1016), to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
[82] Subsequently, the segment vector having the start point Ns and the end point Ne, constituting the mine tunnel polyline segment acquired at the process 1016, is stored in a vector variable Lv as a segment vector to be currently processed, the dot product of the segment vector and the coal bed vector Bv inputted at the input step described with reference to FIG. 6 is acquired, and the dot product value is stored in a temporary variable C (1017).
[83] The mathematical meaning of the dot product value C is in that the mine tunnel segment vector is perpendicularly projected on the coal bed vector. Therefore, a vector acquired by interpolating the coal bed direction vector Bv at a rate of C becomes a projection vector acquired by perpendicularly projecting the mine tunnel segment vector Lv on the coal bed vector Bv.
[84] The magnitude value of the projection vector as acquired above is multiplied by the coal bed tilt angle (tan) to acquire the height rising to the three-dimensional coal bed plane (1018).
[85] The rising height value of the projection point as calculated above is added to the Z- coordinate coal mining rising value Zp of the previous nodal point. The resultant value is stored in a variable Zc and is applied to the Z-coordinate value of the end nodal point Ne of the segment being currently processed to achieve three-dimensional implementation (1019).
[86] The coal mining rising value Zc calculated at the above process 1019 is copied to the previous coal mining rising value Zp, and the next nodal point rises in parallel to the coal bed plane, as shown in FIG. 4, to achieve three-dimensional implementation (1020). [87] Subsequently, the above processes 1015 to 1021 are repeatedly carried out with respect to the nodal points constituting the polylines in the line object Pi to achieve three-dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel polylines.
[88] Meanwhile, the above step may be described with reference to the mine tunnel polylines A and B of FIG. 4 for more clear understanding.
[89] First, at the input and initialization step, as shown in FIG. 4, a segment connecting a start point (30,10,0) and an end point (50,30,0) of a segment indicating the coal bed direction (601), a coal bed tilt angle of 45 degrees (603), and a basic altitude value of 0 (604) are inputted. A line object list P corresponding to an arrangement data structure of mine tunnel polylines is created, and the inputted mine tunnel polylines are initialized to be stored as arrangement items (605).
[90] A mine tunnel polyline B consisting of nodal points, i.e., b 1(40,40,0), b2(60,40,0), b3(70,50,0), and b4(90,60,0), all of which have X, Y, and Z coordinate values with a Z value of 0, is inputted (607), the inputted mine tunnel polyline B is referred to as a line object identification (ID) of which is 1 and added to the line object list P (608). Also, a polyline A consisting of nodal points, i.e., al (20,20,0), a2(40,40,0), a3(40,50,0), and a4(90,60,0), is inputted (607), the inputted polyline A is referred to as a line object identification (ID) of which is 2 and added to the line object list P (608).
[91] Second, at the phase retrieval step, according to the procedure of the flow chart illustrated in FIG. 7, the line objects B and A stored in the line object list are enumerated (704), and the start nodal point bl of the polyline B is compared with the nodal points, excluding the start nodal points, of the enumerated line objects to determine the parent/ child phase relation between line objects indicating the mine tunnel polylines stored in the line object list P in the sequence of B and A (705 to 708).
[92] At this time, the start nodal point b 1(40,40,0) of the polyline B coincides in coordinate value with the intermediate nodal point a2(40,40,0) of the polyline A (708), with the result that the polyline B is determined as the child of the polyline A, and the identification (ID) attribute value, which is 2, of the polyline A is stored in the parent object identification (ID) attribute of the polyline B (709).
[93] Also, polylines having intermediate nodal points coinciding with the start nodal point al (20,20,0) of the polyline A does not exist in FIG. 4, with the result that the parent object identification (PID) attribute value of the polyline A is initialized to be 0 (703).
[94] Third, at the phase level classification step, the number of high-level parent objects is substituted and stored into the level attribute values of the line objects B and A stored in the line object list. The polyline B having passed through the phase level classification step has a parent object identification (PID) attribute of 2. Consequently, the procedure including the determination processes 804 to 809 illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 7 is repeatedly carried out to retrieve high-level parent objects coinciding with the identification (ID) in question. For example, the polyline A may be retrieved.
[95] When the polyline coinciding with the parent object identification (PID) at the processes 804 to 808 of retrieving the high-level parent objects (809), the level attribute value of the polyline B is increased by 1 (810) such that the level attribute value of the polyline B becomes 1. The number of the parent objects is 1, and therefore, the polyline B is classified as one level according to the phase level classification. The polyline A has a parent object identification (PID) of 0, with the result that the processes 804 to 811 cannot be carried out, and therefore, the level of the polyline A is initialized to be 0 (803).
[96] Fourth, at the processing sequence arrangement step, the storage sequence of the polylines B and A stored in the sequence of B and A is arranged in ascending order using a level attribute value such that the storage is achieved in the sequence of A and B, i.e., the high-level parent object is first stored and the low-level child object is subsequently stored, and then the arrangement processes 901 to 909 are carried out to change the sequence of B and A into the sequence of A and B and store the sequence of A and B in the line object list P having passed through the phase level classification step.
[97] Fifth, at the three-dimensional implementation step, the polylines A and B of the line object list P the processing sequence of which is arranged based on the phase relation is three-dimensionally implemented.
[98] The polyline A is first processed according to the sequence arranged and stored in the line object list P. The start nodal point of the polyline A is initialized to be the basic altitude value, which is 0, inputted at the input step, with the result that the start nodal point of the polyline A becomes al (20,20,0). Since the polyline A has no parent object, the retrieval processes 1005 to 1013 of acquiring the Z-coordinate value of the diverging nodal point of the parent object are not carried out.
[99] The Z-coordinate value, which is 0, of the start nodal point of the polyline A is temporarily stored in the previous altitude value Zp (1014), a segment vector Lv(20,20) connecting al and a2 is acquired, and a dot product value 28 of the segment vector Lv(20,20) and the coal bed direction segment vector Bv(0.707,0.707) stored at the input step is acquired (1017).
[100] Subsequently, the coal bed direction segment vector Bv is interpolated with the dot product value 28 to acquire a vector magnitude value of the projection vector (20,20). When the height value of the projection vector is calculated using an equation of coal bed tilt angle (tan) * vector magnitude value of the projection vector with the acquired vector magnitude value of the projection vector as the base of a right triangle, it is possible to acquire a three-dimensional point using a2(40,40,28) shown in FIG. 4 as the Z-coordinate value of the end point of the corresponding segment in the three- dimensional space. The above process is applied to the height value of the Z- coordinate of the end point of the segment for each polyline to achieve three-dimensional implementation. Industrial Applicability
[101] As apparent from the above description, the three-dimensional implementation method of the mine tunnel according to the present invention is capable of acquiring the coal mining rising value of a point obtained by projecting a two-dimensional tunnel polyline on an arbitrary coal bed direction segment according to the coal bed angle thereof in a spatial database management system for underground facilities of a mine, thereby constructing an algorithm to effectively achieve three-dimensional implementation of the existing two-dimensional tunnel and utilizing the three-dimensional tunnel polyline as a database. Furthermore, the three-dimensional implementation method of the mine tunnel according to the present invention is capable of accurately predicting and analyzing, with the naked eye, a point where subsidence of ground is expected even when analyzing subsidence of ground which may occur due to mining, thereby giving assistance in designing a tunnel or underground facilities in the vicinity of a mine in which mining has been performed. Thus, the present invention is industrially applicable to three-dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel.
[102] Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims.
[103]

Claims

Claims
[1] A three-dimensional implementation method of a mine tunnel, comprising: inputting a coal bed direction segment, a coal bed tilt angle value, and a basic altitude value, which are necessary for three-dimensional implementation of mine tunnel polylines, and initializing an arrangement data structure for storing and referring to the inputted mine tunnel polylines (501); retrieving nodal points of mine tunnel objects stored in a line object list in the sequence inputted at the input and initialization step to confirm the phase relation between the parent object identifications of the respective line objects, i.e., the parent/child relation between the respective line objects, and refer to the identifications of the parent objects (502); calculating the number of the parent objects of the respective line objects with respect to the line objects having passed through the phase retrieval step to calculate the number of levels of the level structure constituted by the phase relation between the line objects and process the calculated number of the levels such that the calculated number of the levels can be used as an arrangement reference value (503); arranging the sequence of the line objects stored in the line object list with respect to the line objects the number of the parent objects of which is accumulated to the level attribute value through the execution of the phase retrieval step in ascending order with the level attribute value as a reference value (504); and acquiring a height value of a projection point existing on the coal bed plane in the three-dimensional space tilted at a coal bed angle of a point perpendicularly projected on the coal bed direction vector, with respect to the line objects of the line object list the processing sequence of which is arranged through the execution of the phase retrieval step, the phase level classification step, and the processing sequence arrangement step and granting the acquired height value to Z-coordinate values of the nodal points of the respective line objects to achieve three-dimensional implementation (505).
[2] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 1, wherein the processing sequence arrangement step (504) includes recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation, and calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three-dimensional implementation.
[3] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 2, wherein the step of recognizing the phase relation between the mine tunnel polylines and arranging the processing sequence of the respective polylines depending upon the phase relation includes when a first polyline and a second polyline have a coincident nodal point, excluding a start nodal point of the first polyline and a start nodal point of the second polyline, recognizing the first polyline to be a polyline diverging from the second polyline, i.e., recognizing the first polyline to be a child polyline of the second polyline in the parent/child relation between the first polyline and the second polyline, and arranging the processing sequence of the polylines according to the small number of the parent polylines.
[4] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 2, wherein the step of calculating the rising height of a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the end point of a segment constituted by the respective polylines in the arranged sequence on the coal bed direction segment vector based on a coal bed angle and applying the calculated rising height to a Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment to achieve three-dimensional implementation includes applying a height value acquired through the product of a distance value between a point acquired by perpendicularly projecting the segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines on an arbitrary coal bed direction vector according to the coal bed direction vector and a coal bed tilt angle and the origin (0,0) and a tangent (tan) value of the coal bed tilt angle to the Z-coordinate value of the end point of the segment vector constituted by the mine tunnel polylines to achieve three-dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel polylines.
[5] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 1, wherein the input and initialization step (501) includes inputting a start point and an end point constituting the coal bed direction segment (601), subtracting the start point from the inputted end point to substitute the subtraction result into a coal bed direction vector (Bv), such that a perpendicular projection calculation is easily performed, and storing the coal bed direction vector (Bv) as a unit vector (602), inputting an angle at which a coal bed plane tilts from the horizontal surface of the earth in a three-dimensional space in the coal bed direction and storing the inputted angle in a variable (Ba) (603), inputting a basic altitude of a mine and storing the inputted basic altitude in another variable (Bz) (604), creating a line object list variable (P) having information of mine tunnel polylines to be three-dimensionally implemented and initializing a temporary serial number variable (NID) of an object identification (ID) for granting identifications (ID) of the polylines to be 1 (605), reading mine tunnel polylines to be three-dimensionally implemented from a storage system in a spatial database management system to refer to as a line object reference variable and initializing the object identification (ID) to be a value of the temporary serial number variable (NID) (607), inputting a new mine tunnel polyline to refer to as an initialized line object variable and adding the inputted mine tunnel polyline to the line object list (P) as a new item (608), and increasing the temporary serial number variable (NID) of the object identification (ID) by 1 and substituting the increased temporary serial number variable into the object identification (ID) of the next object (609).
[6] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional implementation step (505) includes with respect to n mine tunnel polyline line objects stored in the line object list (P) (1001, 1002), referring to an i"1 line object of the line object list (P) as Pi and substituting and copying the basic altitude value (Bz) inputted at the input and initialization step to the Z-coordinate value of a first nodal point of the Pi (1003) to achieve initialization, when the Pi has no parent object, using the basic altitude value copied at the substitution and copying process (1003) as it is, and, when the Pi has a parent object (1004), which means that the Pi is a child line object, carrying out processes (1005 to 1013) of retrieving a diverging nodal point of the parent line object and copying and storing the retrieved diverging nodal point in the Z-coordinate value of the first start nodal point of the Pi, the processes (1005 to 1013) of retrieving the diverging nodal point of the parent line object being identical to the processes (701 to 713) of the phase retrieval step, copying the Z-coordinate value of the diverging nodal point of the parent object retrieved through the above processes to the Z-coordinate value of the first nodal point of the Pi being currently processed (1012), copying the Z-coordinate value of the first nodal point of the line object (Pi) stored through the above processes (1003 to 1013) to a temporary variable (Zp) and carrying out an initialization process of enumerating nodal points of the line object (Pi) (1014), with respect to segments consisting of start points and end points of the polylines of the line object (Pi), which are mine tunnel polylines, substituting an m"1 polyline nodal point of the line object Pi into a point (Ns) and substituting an m+l"1 polyline nodal point of the line object (Pi) into a point (Ne) (1016) to achieve three-dimensional implementation, storing the segment vector having the start point (Ns) and the end point (Ne), constituting the mine tunnel polyline segment acquired at the process (1016), in a vector variable (Lv) as a segment vector to be currently processed, acquiring the dot product of the segment vector and the coal bed vector (Bv) inputted at the input step, and storing the dot product value in a temporary variable (C) (1017), multiplying the magnitude value of the projection vector as acquired above by the coal bed tilt angle (tan) to acquire the height rising to the three-dimensional coal bed plane (1018), adding the rising height value of the projection point as calculated above to the Z-coordinate coal mining rising value (Zp) of the previous nodal point, storing the resultant value in a variable (Zc), and applying the resultant value to the Z-coordinate value of the end nodal point (Ne) of the segment being currently processed to achieve three-dimensional implementation (1019), copying the coal mining rising value (Zc) calculated at the above process (1019) to the previous coal mining rising value (Zp), such that the next nodal point rises in parallel to the coal bed plane, to achieve three-dimensional implementation (1020), and repeatedly carrying out the above processes (1015 to 1021) with respect to the nodal points constituting the polylines in the line object (Pi) to achieve three- dimensional implementation of the mine tunnel polylines.
[7] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 6, wherein the dot product value means that the mine tunnel segment vector is perpendicularly projected on the coal bed vector, and a vector acquired by interpolating the coal bed direction vector (Bv) at a rate of C is a projection vector acquired by perpendicularly projecting the mine tunnel segment vector (Lv) on the coal bed direction vector (Bv).
[8] The three-dimensional implementation method according to claim 1, wherein the processing sequence arrangement step (504) includes arranging the storage sequence of the low-level child object (B) and the high- level parent object (A) in the arrangement of the polylines stored in the sequence of the low-level child object (B) and the high-level parent object (A) in ascending order using a level attribute value such that the storage is achieved in the sequence of the high-level parent object (A) and low-level child object (B), i.e., the high-level parent object (A) is first stored and the low-level child object (B) is subsequently stored in the line object list (P) having passed through the phase level classification step (503).
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