WO2009109249A1 - Braking system with a device for optimal braking application - Google Patents

Braking system with a device for optimal braking application Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009109249A1
WO2009109249A1 PCT/EP2008/066121 EP2008066121W WO2009109249A1 WO 2009109249 A1 WO2009109249 A1 WO 2009109249A1 EP 2008066121 W EP2008066121 W EP 2008066121W WO 2009109249 A1 WO2009109249 A1 WO 2009109249A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
pedal
electric machine
brake system
driver
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/066121
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Lock
Michael Bildstein
Herbert Prickarz
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2009109249A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009109249A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/10—Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/58—Combined or convertible systems
    • B60T13/585—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders
    • B60T13/586—Combined or convertible systems comprising friction brakes and retarders the retarders being of the electric type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00—Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/02—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation
    • B60T7/04—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated
    • B60T7/042—Brake-action initiating means for personal initiation foot actuated by electrical means, e.g. using travel or force sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/421—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/16—Driver interactions by display
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/26—Driver interactions by pedal actuation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brake system for a vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Brake systems comprise at least one friction brake, e.g. a hydraulic wheel brake, as well as an electric machine that provides a braking torque in generator mode.
  • the electrical power generated by the generator is fed into the electrical system and is thus available for a subsequent acceleration process or for the operation of electrical consumers.
  • An essential aspect of the invention is to provide means in the brake system which signal to the driver at which position of the brake pedal a maximum regenerative power of the electric machine is achieved.
  • the driver thus has the opportunity to adjust his braking request accordingly to fully exploit the maximum regenerative braking torque of the electric machine without using the friction brake. If the driver adheres to the information of the brake system, the consumption of the vehicle can be significantly reduced.
  • the brake system may include, for example, a visual or audible indicator that signals the driver during a braking operation, the degree of use of the electric machine or at least the point of full utilization of the electric machine.
  • the display device is preferably controlled by a control unit which is connected to a sensor system for determining the current machine speed and the capacity of the electrical network.
  • An algorithm stored in the control unit can in turn determine the maximum power of the generator in the current operating state and, if appropriate, the degree of utilization of the generator.
  • the driver is notified of the achievement of the maximum regenerative power on the foot brake pedal.
  • the said means comprise a device with which the pedal characteristic (force-displacement curve) can be changed, so that the driver can recognize on the basis of the pedal feel at which pedal position the maximum regenerative power of the electric machine is reached.
  • the device is preferably designed so that a jump in the pedal characteristic is generated as soon as the maximum regenerative power is reached. This jump can be expressed, for example, in the fact that further actuation of the brake pedal beyond this point requires a disproportionately large pedal force. This can be recognized by the driver via the foot as a "pressure point".
  • the position of the pressure point is preferably dependent on the speed of the electric machine. At low speeds, the electric machine can always provide a higher braking torque than at higher speeds (assuming constant power). At low speeds, therefore, the pressure point will be reached later than at high speeds.
  • the signal generated at the brake pedal (eg the pressure point) is tracked in the course of a braking, preferably as a function of the rotational speed.
  • the signal thus moves from a smaller pedal travel towards a larger pedal travel.
  • the device comprises an elastic element, such. B. a spring and an actuator, by means of which the position of the spring can be adjusted.
  • the spring or the element is preferably located at a distance from the brake pedal before initiating braking. When the brake pedal is pressed, it hits the spring in a certain position, so that the counterforce increases from this point. This is perceived by the driver as a pressure point. The respective position is dependent on the speed of the electric machine.
  • an actuator for example, a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator or an electric motor can be used.
  • the friction brake can basically any type of brake such.
  • a hydraulic brake be.
  • the friction brake is an electrically operated brake without mechanical penetration between the brake pedal and the actual friction brake.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a vehicle brake with an actuator for generating a variable pressure point on the brake pedal.
  • Fig. 2 shows the course of the braking torque of an electric machine at a constant
  • Fig. 3 shows the course of a pedal characteristic according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle brake system with a hydraulic brake system 2 and an electric machine 3, which runs in a braking operation in the generator mode and thereby exerts a specific braking torque.
  • the hydraulic brake system 2 comprises a known manner
  • Brake booster 10 which amplifies the braking force exerted by the driver.
  • the braking force exerted on the brake pedal 1 is here transmitted and amplified to the master cylinder 11 via a brake rod 13 and the brake booster 10.
  • the braking request is generated by a pedal sensor 9, e.g. a force or displacement sensor, recorded and processed in an associated control unit 8.
  • the control unit 8 controls the proportion of the electric machine 3 at the driver's braking request with the aim of recovering as much electrical power back.
  • the brake system shown also includes a device 4, which indicates to the driver at which position of the brake pedal 1 a maximum possible for the current operating state generator power is reached.
  • the driver receives a feedback as to when the maximum regenerative braking torque is exceeded and in the following only or additionally the friction brake 2 is used. As long as the driver to the system given information holds and the brake is not stronger than operated to this point, thus significantly saving fuel.
  • the device 4 here comprises a spring 5 and an actuator 6, by means of which the position of the spring can be adjusted.
  • the spring 5 is at a distance from the pedal 1 at a position which corresponds to the maximum braking torque of the generator 3 in the current operating state.
  • the back pressure on the pedal 1 increases. This can be perceived by the driver via the foot as a pressure point.
  • the pressure point has to be dimensioned so that the driver can oversteer the pressure point in every situation and, if desired, can carry out a stronger braking action.
  • Fig. 2 shows the course of the maximum regenerative braking torque over the speed at a predetermined constant regenerative power.
  • the braking torque increases sharply with decreasing speed.
  • the position of the spring 5 in Figure 1 will therefore be closer to the brake pedal 1 and at low speeds further away from the brake pedal 1 at high speeds.
  • a pneumatic actuator 6 is provided, which is controlled by a control unit 8.
  • the controller 8 calculates e.g. as a function of the engine speed n and the capacity of the electrical system, a control signal for a hydraulic pump 7, with which the actuator 6 is actuated.
  • the characteristic curve 13 has a jump 14a or 14b, at which the pedal force suddenly increases.
  • This jump 14a or 14b is formed at the time when the brake pedal 1 abuts against the spring 5.
  • the position of this pressure point is, as mentioned, dependent on the engine speed n.
  • the pressure point (14a) is at a smaller pedal travel s, and at lower speeds at a larger pedal travel s (14b).
  • the spring 5 is preferably tracked by means of the actuator 6 (see FIG. 1) in accordance with the rotational speed.
  • the initial pressure point 14a thus moves in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3 to the pressure point 14b.
  • the driver can thus feel during the entire braking at pedal pressure, which pedal position is optimal for optimal recuperation of electrical power.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a braking system for a vehicle, operated by a brake pedal (1), comprising a friction brake (2) and an electric machine (3), which, in generator mode, exerts a braking torque. In order to permit the driver to save more fuel, means (4) are provided which display to the driver in which position of the brake pedal (1) a maximum generating power for the electric machine (3) is achieved. Said means (4) can comprise, for example, a spring (5) and an actuator (6).

Description

Beschreibung description
Titeltitle
Bremsanlage mit einer Vorrichtung zur optimalen BremsdosierungBrake system with a device for optimal brake dosing
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Bremsanlage für ein Fahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a brake system for a vehicle according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Bremsanlagen, auf die im Folgenden Bezug genommen wird, umfassen wenigstens eine Reibbremse, wie z.B. eine hydraulische Radbremse, sowie eine elektrische Maschine, die im Generatorbetrieb ein Bremsmoment bereitstellt. Die vom Generator erzeugte elektrische Leistung wird in das Bordnetz gespeist und steht somit für einen folgenden Beschleunigungsvorgang oder für den Betrieb elektrischer Verbraucher zur Verfügung.Brake systems, to which reference is made below, comprise at least one friction brake, e.g. a hydraulic wheel brake, as well as an electric machine that provides a braking torque in generator mode. The electrical power generated by the generator is fed into the electrical system and is thus available for a subsequent acceleration process or for the operation of electrical consumers.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, den vom Fahrer am Fuß-Bremspedal vorgegebenen Bremswunsch auf die verschiedenen Bremssysteme zu verteilen. Ein Teil des Fahrer-Bremswunsches wird dabei von der Reibbremse und der verbleibende Anteil von der elektrischen Maschine übernommen. Ziel bei der Aufteilung ist dabei üblicherweise die Nutzung einer maximalen Generatorleistung der elektrischen Maschine. Die maximale Generatorleistung ist jedoch abhängig von der Aufnahmefähigkeit des elektrischen Netzes. Darüber hinaus ist auch das Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine stark drehzahlabhängig. Das maximal mögliche regenerative Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine kann somit je nach Betriebszustand relativ stark variieren.From the prior art it is known to distribute the predetermined by the driver on the foot brake pedal braking request to the various braking systems. Part of the driver's braking request is taken over by the friction brake and the remaining portion of the electric machine. The aim of the division is usually the use of a maximum generator power of the electric machine. However, the maximum generator power depends on the capacity of the electrical network. In addition, the braking torque of the electric machine is highly dependent on speed. The maximum possible regenerative braking torque of the electric machine can thus vary relatively strongly depending on the operating state.
Bei herkömmlichen Bremssystemen ist es für den Fahrer nicht ersichtlich, bis zu welcher Verzögerung das regenerative Bremsmoment ausschließlich genutzt werden kann bzw. ab welcher Stellung des Bremspedals die Reibbremse zugeschaltet werden muss. Offenbarung der ErfindungIn conventional brake systems, it is not apparent to the driver, up to what delay the regenerative braking torque can be used exclusively or from which position of the brake pedal, the friction brake must be switched on. Disclosure of the invention
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Bremsanlage zu schaffen, die dem Fahrer eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit zur Einsparung von Kraftstoff bietet.It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a brake system that offers the driver an additional way to save fuel.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe gemäß der Erfindung durch die im Patenanspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmale. Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in claim 1. Further embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt der Erfindung besteht darin, in der Bremsanlage Mittel vorzusehen, die dem Fahrer signalisieren, bei welcher Stellung des Bremspedals eine maximale generatorische Leistung der elektrischen Maschine erreicht ist. Der Fahrer hat somit die Möglichkeit, seinen Bremswunsch entsprechend anzupassen, um das maximale regenerative Bremsmoment der elektrischen Maschine möglichst voll auszunutzen, ohne die Reibbremse einzusetzen. Hält sich der Fahrer an die Information der Bremsanlage, kann der Verbrauch des Fahrzeugs erheblich gesenkt werden.An essential aspect of the invention is to provide means in the brake system which signal to the driver at which position of the brake pedal a maximum regenerative power of the electric machine is achieved. The driver thus has the opportunity to adjust his braking request accordingly to fully exploit the maximum regenerative braking torque of the electric machine without using the friction brake. If the driver adheres to the information of the brake system, the consumption of the vehicle can be significantly reduced.
Gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann die Bremsanlage beispielsweise eine optische oder akustische Anzeigeeinrichtung umfassen, die dem Fahrer bei einem Bremsvorgang den Nutzungsgrad der elektrischen Maschine oder zumindest den Punkt der vollen Ausnutzung der elektrischen Maschine signalisiert. Die Anzeigeeinrichtung wird vorzugsweise von einem Steuergerät angesteuert, das mit einer Sensorik zur Bestimmung der aktuellen Maschinen-Drehzahl und der Aufnahmefähigkeit des elektrischen Netzes verbunden ist. Ein im Steuergerät hinterlegter Algorithmus kann daraus wiederum die maximale Leistung des Generators im aktuellen Betriebszustand und ggf. den Grad der Nutzung des Generators ermitteln.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the brake system may include, for example, a visual or audible indicator that signals the driver during a braking operation, the degree of use of the electric machine or at least the point of full utilization of the electric machine. The display device is preferably controlled by a control unit which is connected to a sensor system for determining the current machine speed and the capacity of the electrical network. An algorithm stored in the control unit can in turn determine the maximum power of the generator in the current operating state and, if appropriate, the degree of utilization of the generator.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird dem Fahrer das Erreichen der maximalen generatorischen Leistung am Fuß-Bremspedal angezeigt. Hierzu umfassen die genannten Mittel eine Einrichtung, mit der die Pedalkennlinie (Kraft-Weg-Kennlinie) verändert werden kann, so dass der Fahrer anhand des Pedalgefühls erkennen kann, bei welcher Pedalstellung die maximale generatorische Leistung der elektrischen Maschine erreicht ist. Die Einrichtung ist vorzugsweise so ausgelegt, dass ein Sprung in der Pedalkennlinie erzeugt wird, sobald die maximale generatorische Leistung erreicht ist. Dieser Sprung kann sich beispielsweise darin äußern, dass eine weitere Betätigung des Bremspedals über diesen Punkt hinaus einer überproportional großen Pedalkraft bedarf. Dies kann vom Fahrer über den Fuß als „Druckpunkt" erkannt werden.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the driver is notified of the achievement of the maximum regenerative power on the foot brake pedal. For this purpose, the said means comprise a device with which the pedal characteristic (force-displacement curve) can be changed, so that the driver can recognize on the basis of the pedal feel at which pedal position the maximum regenerative power of the electric machine is reached. The device is preferably designed so that a jump in the pedal characteristic is generated as soon as the maximum regenerative power is reached. This jump can be expressed, for example, in the fact that further actuation of the brake pedal beyond this point requires a disproportionately large pedal force. This can be recognized by the driver via the foot as a "pressure point".
Die Position des Druckpunktes ist vorzugsweise abhängig von der Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine. Bei niedrigen Drehzahlen kann die elektrische Maschine grundsätzlich ein höheres Bremsmoment bereitstellen als bei höheren Drehzahlen (konstante Leistung vorausgesetzt). Bei niedrigen Drehzahlen wird daher der Druckpunkt erst später erreicht werden als bei hohen Drehzahlen.The position of the pressure point is preferably dependent on the speed of the electric machine. At low speeds, the electric machine can always provide a higher braking torque than at higher speeds (assuming constant power). At low speeds, therefore, the pressure point will be reached later than at high speeds.
Das am Bremspedal erzeugte Signal (z. B. der Druckpunkt) wird im Laufe einer Bremsung vorzugsweise in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl nachgeführt. Das Signal wandert also ausgehend von einem geringeren Pedalweg in Richtung eines größeren Pedalwegs.The signal generated at the brake pedal (eg the pressure point) is tracked in the course of a braking, preferably as a function of the rotational speed. The signal thus moves from a smaller pedal travel towards a larger pedal travel.
Gemäß einer speziellen Ausführungsform der Erfindung umfasst die Einrichtung ein elastisches Element, wie z. B. eine Feder und einen Aktuator, mittels dessen die Position der Feder verstellt werden kann. Die Feder bzw. das Element befindet sich vor dem Einleiten einer Bremsung vorzugsweise im Abstand zum Bremspedal. Wenn das Bremspedal betätigt wird, stößt es in einer bestimmten Position gegen die Feder, so dass die Gegenkraft ab diesem Punkt größer wird. Dies wird vom Fahrer als Druckpunkt wahrgenommen. Die jeweilige Position ist dabei abhängig von der Drehzahl der elektrischen Maschine.According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the device comprises an elastic element, such. B. a spring and an actuator, by means of which the position of the spring can be adjusted. The spring or the element is preferably located at a distance from the brake pedal before initiating braking. When the brake pedal is pressed, it hits the spring in a certain position, so that the counterforce increases from this point. This is perceived by the driver as a pressure point. The respective position is dependent on the speed of the electric machine.
Als Aktuator kann beispielsweise ein pneumatischer oder hydraulischer Aktuator oder ein Elektromotor eingesetzt werden.As an actuator, for example, a pneumatic or hydraulic actuator or an electric motor can be used.
Die Reibbremse kann grundsätzlich jede Art von Bremse, wie z. B. eine hydraulische Bremse, sein. Vorzugsweise ist die Reibbremse jedoch eine elektrisch betätigte Bremse ohne mechanischen Durchgriff zwischen Bremspedal und der eigentlichen Reibbremse.The friction brake can basically any type of brake such. As a hydraulic brake, be. Preferably, however, the friction brake is an electrically operated brake without mechanical penetration between the brake pedal and the actual friction brake.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beispielhaft näher erläutert. Es zeigen:Brief description of the drawings The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Fahrzeugbremse mit einem Aktuator zur Erzeugung eines variablen Druckpunktes am Bremspedal;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a vehicle brake with an actuator for generating a variable pressure point on the brake pedal.
Fig. 2 den Verlauf des Bremsmoments einer elektrischen Maschine bei konstanterFig. 2 shows the course of the braking torque of an electric machine at a constant
Leistung;Power;
Fig. 3 den Verlauf einer erfindungsgemäßen Pedalkennlinie.Fig. 3 shows the course of a pedal characteristic according to the invention.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer Kfz-Bremsanlage mit einem hydraulischen Bremssystem 2 und einer elektrischen Maschine 3, die bei einem Bremsvorgang im Generatorbetrieb läuft und dabei ein bestimmtes Bremsmoment ausübt.Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle brake system with a hydraulic brake system 2 and an electric machine 3, which runs in a braking operation in the generator mode and thereby exerts a specific braking torque.
Das hydraulische Bremssystem 2 umfasst in bekannter Weise einenThe hydraulic brake system 2 comprises a known manner
Bremskraftverstärker 10, der die vom Fahrer ausgeübte Bremskraft verstärkt. Die am Bremspedal 1 ausgeübte Bremskraft wird hier über eine Bremsstange 13 und den Bremskraftverstärker 10 auf den Hauptbremszylinder 11 übertragen und verstärkt.Brake booster 10, which amplifies the braking force exerted by the driver. The braking force exerted on the brake pedal 1 is here transmitted and amplified to the master cylinder 11 via a brake rod 13 and the brake booster 10.
Der Bremswunsch wird von einem Pedalsensor 9, wie z.B. einem Kraft- oder Wegsensor, aufgenommen und in einem damit verbundenen Steuergerät 8 verarbeitet. Das Steuergerät 8 steuert den Anteil der elektrischen Maschine 3 am Fahrer-Bremswunsch mit dem Ziel, möglichst viel elektrische Leistung zurück zu gewinnen.The braking request is generated by a pedal sensor 9, e.g. a force or displacement sensor, recorded and processed in an associated control unit 8. The control unit 8 controls the proportion of the electric machine 3 at the driver's braking request with the aim of recovering as much electrical power back.
Die dargestellte Bremsanlage umfasst außerdem eine Vorrichtung 4, die dem Fahrer anzeigt, bei welcher Stellung des Bremspedals 1 eine für den aktuellen Betriebszustand maximal mögliche generatorische Leistung erreicht ist. Der Fahrer erhält dadurch eine Rückmeldung, wann das maximale generatorische Bremsmoment überschritten wird und im Folgenden nur noch oder zusätzlich die Reibbremse 2 zum Einsatz kommt. Solange sich der Fahrer an die vom System gegebene Information hält und die Bremse nicht stärker als bis zu diesem Punkt betätigt, kann somit erheblich Kraftstoff eingespart werden.The brake system shown also includes a device 4, which indicates to the driver at which position of the brake pedal 1 a maximum possible for the current operating state generator power is reached. The driver receives a feedback as to when the maximum regenerative braking torque is exceeded and in the following only or additionally the friction brake 2 is used. As long as the driver to the system given information holds and the brake is not stronger than operated to this point, thus significantly saving fuel.
Die Vorrichtung 4 umfasst hier eine Feder 5 und einen Aktuator 6, mittels dessen die Position der Feder verstellt werden kann. Vor dem Einleiten einer Bremsung befindet sich die Feder 5 im Abstand zum Pedal 1 an einer Position, die dem maximalen Bremsmoment des Generators 3 im aktuellen Betriebszustand entspricht. Sobald das Bremspedal 1 bei einer Bremsung die Feder 5 berührt, erhöht sich der Gegendruck am Pedal 1. Dies ist vom Fahrer über den Fuß als Druckpunkt wahrnehmbar.The device 4 here comprises a spring 5 and an actuator 6, by means of which the position of the spring can be adjusted. Before initiating a braking, the spring 5 is at a distance from the pedal 1 at a position which corresponds to the maximum braking torque of the generator 3 in the current operating state. As soon as the brake pedal 1 touches the spring 5 during braking, the back pressure on the pedal 1 increases. This can be perceived by the driver via the foot as a pressure point.
Der Druckpunkt ist natürlich so zu dimensionieren, dass der Fahrer den Druckpunkt in jeder Situation übersteuern und auf Wunsch eine stärkere Bremsung durchführen kann.Of course, the pressure point has to be dimensioned so that the driver can oversteer the pressure point in every situation and, if desired, can carry out a stronger braking action.
Fig. 2 zeigt den Verlauf des maximalen generatorischen Bremsmoments über der Drehzahl bei einer vorgegebenen konstanten generatorischen Leistung. Wie zu erkennen ist, nimmt das Bremsmoment mit abnehmender Drehzahl stark zu. Die Position der Feder 5 in Figur 1 wird daher bei hohen Drehzahlen näher am Bremspedal 1 und bei niedrigen Drehzahlen weiter entfernt vom Bremspedal 1 liegen. Zum Verstellen der Feder 5 ist ein Pneumatik-Aktuator 6 vorgesehen, der von einem Steuergerät 8 angesteuert wird. Das Steuergerät 8 berechnet z.B. in Abhängigkeit von der Maschinendrehzahl n und der Aufnahmefähigkeit des elektrischen Bordnetzes ein Steuersignal für eine Hydraulikpumpe 7, mit der der Aktuator 6 betätigt wird.Fig. 2 shows the course of the maximum regenerative braking torque over the speed at a predetermined constant regenerative power. As can be seen, the braking torque increases sharply with decreasing speed. The position of the spring 5 in Figure 1 will therefore be closer to the brake pedal 1 and at low speeds further away from the brake pedal 1 at high speeds. For adjusting the spring 5, a pneumatic actuator 6 is provided, which is controlled by a control unit 8. The controller 8 calculates e.g. as a function of the engine speed n and the capacity of the electrical system, a control signal for a hydraulic pump 7, with which the actuator 6 is actuated.
Betrachtet man die Pedalkennlinie (Kraft/Weg-Kennlinie) des Bremspedals 1 in Fig. 3, so ist zu erkennen, dass die Kennlinie 13 einen Sprung 14a bzw. 14b aufweist, an dem sich die Pedalkraft schlagartig erhöht. Dieser Sprung 14a bzw. 14b entsteht zu dem Zeitpunkt, an dem das Bremspedal 1 gegen die Feder 5 stößt. Die Position dieses Druckpunkts ist, wie erwähnt, abhängig von der Maschinendrehzahl n. Bei höheren Drehzahlen n liegt der Druckpunkt (14a) bei einem kleineren Pedalweg s, und bei niedrigeren Drehzahlen bei einem größeren Pedalweg s (14b). Während eines Bremsvorgangs wird die Feder 5 vorzugsweise mittels des Aktuators 6 (siehe Fig. 1 ) entsprechend der Drehzahl nachgeführt. Der anfängliche Druckpunkt 14a wandert somit in Richtung des Pfeils in Fig. 3 zum Druckpunkt 14b. Der Fahrer kann somit während der gesamten Bremsung am Pedaldruck erfühlen, welche Pedalposition für eine optimale Rekuperation von elektrischer Leistung optimal ist. Looking at the pedal characteristic (force / displacement characteristic curve) of the brake pedal 1 in FIG. 3, it can be seen that the characteristic curve 13 has a jump 14a or 14b, at which the pedal force suddenly increases. This jump 14a or 14b is formed at the time when the brake pedal 1 abuts against the spring 5. The position of this pressure point is, as mentioned, dependent on the engine speed n. At higher speeds n, the pressure point (14a) is at a smaller pedal travel s, and at lower speeds at a larger pedal travel s (14b). During a braking operation, the spring 5 is preferably tracked by means of the actuator 6 (see FIG. 1) in accordance with the rotational speed. The initial pressure point 14a thus moves in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3 to the pressure point 14b. The driver can thus feel during the entire braking at pedal pressure, which pedal position is optimal for optimal recuperation of electrical power.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Bremsanlage für ein Fahrzeug, die über ein Bremspedal (1 ) betätigt wird und eine Reibbremse (2) sowie eine elektrische Maschine (3) umfasst, die im Generatorbetrieb ein Bremsmoment ausübt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Mittel (4) vorgesehen sind, die dem Fahrer anzeigen, bei welcher Stellung des Bremspedals (1 ) eine maximale generatorische Leistung der elektrischen Maschine (3) erreicht ist.1. brake system for a vehicle, which is actuated by a brake pedal (1) and a friction brake (2) and an electric machine (3) which exerts a braking torque in the generator mode, characterized in that means (4) are provided which indicate to the driver at which position of the brake pedal (1) a maximum regenerative power of the electric machine (3) is reached.
2. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (4) am Bremspedal (1 ) wirken und die Pedalkennlinie (13) derart verändern, dass der2. Brake system according to claim 1, characterized in that the means (4) on the brake pedal (1) act and change the pedal characteristic (13) such that the
Fahrer anhand des Pedalgefühls erkennen kann, bei welcher Position des Bremspedals (1 ) die maximale generatorische Leistung der elektrischen MaschineUnderstand the driver based on the pedal feel, at which position of the brake pedal (1), the maximum regenerative power of the electric machine
(3) erreicht ist.(3) is reached.
3. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel3. Brake system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means
(4) die Pedalkennlinie (13) in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl (n) der elektrischen Maschine oder anderen physikalischen Zuständen des Fahrzeugs verändern.(4) change the pedal characteristic (13) in dependence on the speed (n) of the electric machine or other physical conditions of the vehicle.
4. Bremsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (4) einen Sprung (14) in der Pedalkennlinie (13) erzeugen.4. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (4) generate a jump (14) in the pedal characteristic (13).
5. Bremsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (4) ein am Bremspedal (1 ) angreifendes Element (5, 6) umfassen, das die Pedalkennlinie (13) mit einem vom Fahrer haptisch erfassbaren Signal (14) überlagert.5. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (4) on the brake pedal (1) engaging element (5, 6), which superimposes the pedal characteristic (13) with a haptic detectable by the driver signal (14) ,
6. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (4) einen Aktuator (6) umfassen, der das Element (5,6) während einer Bremsung in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl (n) der elektrischen Maschine (3) nachführt. 6. Brake system according to claim 5, characterized in that the means (4) comprise an actuator (6) which tracks the element (5,6) during braking in dependence on the rotational speed (n) of the electric machine (3).
7. Bremsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (4) eine Feder (5) und einen Aktuator (6) umfassen, die mit dem Bremspedal (1 ) zusammenwirken, wobei der Aktuator (6) von einem Steuergerät (8) gesteuert wird.7. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means (4) comprise a spring (5) and an actuator (6) which cooperate with the brake pedal (1), wherein the actuator (6) by a control unit ( 8) is controlled.
8. Bremsanlage nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aktuator (6) ein pneumatischer Aktuator oder ein Elektromotor ist.8. Brake system according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the actuator (6) is a pneumatic actuator or an electric motor.
9. Bremsanlage nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei der Reibbremse (2) um eine elektrisch betätigte Bremse handelt, ohne mechanischen Durchgriff zwischen Bremspedal (1 ) und der eigentlichen Reibbremse. 9. Brake system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the friction brake (2) is an electrically operated brake, without mechanical penetration between the brake pedal (1) and the actual friction brake.
PCT/EP2008/066121 2008-03-05 2008-11-25 Braking system with a device for optimal braking application WO2009109249A1 (en)

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