WO2009105894A4 - Exhaust gas treatment apparatus and method - Google Patents

Exhaust gas treatment apparatus and method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009105894A4
WO2009105894A4 PCT/CA2009/000248 CA2009000248W WO2009105894A4 WO 2009105894 A4 WO2009105894 A4 WO 2009105894A4 CA 2009000248 W CA2009000248 W CA 2009000248W WO 2009105894 A4 WO2009105894 A4 WO 2009105894A4
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
reagent
exhaust gas
solution
gas stream
reactor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2009/000248
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009105894A1 (en
Inventor
Dominic Edward Scappatura
Original Assignee
Dominic Edward Scappatura
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dominic Edward Scappatura filed Critical Dominic Edward Scappatura
Priority to US12/920,284 priority Critical patent/US20110000191A1/en
Priority to CA2753529A priority patent/CA2753529A1/en
Publication of WO2009105894A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009105894A1/en
Publication of WO2009105894A4 publication Critical patent/WO2009105894A4/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D47/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent
    • B01D47/05—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by liquid as separating agent by condensation of the separating agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/68—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/75—Multi-step processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
    • B01D53/9454—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/306—Alkali metal compounds of potassium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604—Hydroxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/60—Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/606—Carbonates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2045—Hydrochloric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/204—Inorganic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2047—Hydrofluoric acid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/014—Stoichiometric gasoline engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/018—Natural gas engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

In one aspect, the invention is directed an exhaust gas treatment apparatus that can be used to treat exhaust gas streams from vehicles having gasoline engines or diesel engines, from manufacturing plants, from incineration facilities, from coal fired stations, natural gas turbines or from virtually any exhaust gas stream. In one embodiment, the invention includes a particulate matter remover, a heat exchanger, a first reactor, a second reactor and a reagent protection device for preventing communication of reagent in the second reactor with ambient air.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 21 August 2009 (21.08.09)
1. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust gas stream, comprising: a heat exchanger downstream from the particulate matter remover and configured to condense at least some water vapour in the exhaust gas stream to produce condensate such that at least some gaseous contaminants in the exhaust gas stream dissolve in the condensate; a reactor downstream from the heat exchanger, wherein, during use, the reactor contains a reagent solution selected to reduce the concentration of at least some contaminants in the exhaust gas stream, and wherein the reactor further includes a reagent solution holding section configured to hold the reagent solution and a reagent holding space configured for loosely holding a solid block of reagent, wherein the reagent holding space has a bottom and a reagent holding space outlet at the bottom, wherein the reagent holding space outlet, during use, is immersed in the reagent solution so as to expose a lower portion of the solid block of reagent to the reagent solution so as to continuously introduce reagent into solution during use, wherein the reagent holding space is configured to hold the solid block of reagent sufficiently loosely that, in use, as the lower portion of the solid block of reagent is introduced into solution, the solid block of reagent moves downwards under gravity so that a new portion of the solid block of reagent becomes the lower portion of the solid block of reagent.
2. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor is a downstream reactor and wherein the reagent solution is a downstream reagent solution, and wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus further comprises an upstream reactor that is upstream from the downstream reactor and that is downstream from the heat exchanger, wherein, during use, the upstream reactor contains an upstream reagent solution selected to reduce the concentration in the exhaust gas stream of at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of: chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, nitrites and sulfates, and wherein the downstream reagent
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
30 solution is selected to reduce the concentration in the exhaust gas stream of at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of NOx and CO2.
3. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the downstream reagent solution includes KOH.
4. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the upstream reagent solution includes Sodium Carbonate.
5. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the downstream reactor has an inlet conduit for the exhaust gas stream and wherein the inlet conduit has an outlet section that, during use, is immersed in the downstream reagent solution, wherein the outlet section is apertured to induce the exhaust gas stream to form bubbles in the downstream reagent solution.
6. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the downstream reactor includes a downstream reactor separation section that includes at least one downstream reactor separation section apertured member configured for breaking bubbles leaving the downstream reagent solution in the exhaust gas stream.
7. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upstream reactor includes an upstream reactor separation section that includes at least one upstream reactor separation section apertured member configured for breaking bubbles leaving the upstream reagent solution in the exhaust gas stream.
8. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reactor has an exhaust gas stream inlet and an exhaust gas stream outlet,
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
31 wherein, during use, gas pressure in the reactor is higher than ambient air pressure so as to substantially prevent ambient air from communicating with the reagent solution during use, and wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus further comprises a reagent protection device configured to prevent ambient air from communicating with the reagent solution when the gas pressure in the reactor is not higher than ambient air pressure.
9. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is configured to capture at least a portion of the condensate formed therein, and wherein the exhaust gas treatment apparatus further comprises a mixing tank, wherein, a reactor drain conduit connects the reactor to the mixing tank to permit a selected amount of reagent solution to drain from the reactor to the mixing tank during use, wherein a heat exchanger drain conduit connects the heat exchanger to the mixing tank to permit captured condensate to drain from the heat exchanger to the mixing tank, wherein the condensate is acidic and wherein the reagent solution is basic.
10. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 9, further comprising an effluent collection tank, wherein a mixing tank drain conduit connects the mixing tank to the effluent collection tank to permit draining of mixed condensate and reagent solution into the effluent collection tank.
11. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reagent protection device includes a damper that is movable between a closed position wherein the reagent protection device substantially prevents ambient air from communicating with the solution of reagent and an open position wherein the reagent protection device permits the exhaust gas stream to pass through the reactor.
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
12. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a particulate matter remover configured to remove particulate matter from the exhaust gas stream.
13. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus, comprising: a. introducing an exhaust gas stream; b. removing particulate matter from the exhaust gas stream; c. cooling the exhaust gas stream to condense out at least some water vapour from the exhaust gas stream to form condensate, wherein the condensate dissolves at least some gaseous contaminants from the exhaust gas stream after step b; d. exposing the exhaust gas stream to a reagent solution in a reagent solution holding section and neutralizing at least some contaminants in the exhaust gas stream thereby after step c; e. providing a solid block of reagent in a reagent holding space outside of the reagent solution holding section, has a bottom and a reagent holding space outlet at the bottom, wherein the reagent holding space outlet, during use, is immersed in the reagent solution so as to expose a lower portion of the solid block of reagent to the reagent solution so as to continuously introduce reagent into solution during use; f. continuously introducing reagent into solution during use by exposing the lower portion of the solid block of reagent to the reagent solution through the reagent holding space outlet, such that as the lower portion of the solid block of reagent is introduced into solution, the solid block of reagent moves downwards under gravity so that a new portion of the solid block of reagent becomes the lower portion of the solid block of reagent; and g. discharging the exhaust gas stream to atmosphere after step d.
14. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the reagent solution is a downstream reagent solution,
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
33 and wherein the method further comprises exposing the exhaust gas stream to an upstream reagent solution prior to step d, wherein the upstream reagent solution is selected to reduce the concentration in the exhaust gas stream of at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of: chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, nitrites and sulfates, and wherein the downstream reagent solution is selected to reduce the concentration in the exhaust gas stream of at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of NOx and CO2.
15. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein the downstream reagent solution includes KOH.
16. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 15, wherein the upstream reagent solution includes Sodium Carbonate.
17. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 14, wherein step d includes causing bubbling of the exhaust gas stream in the downstream reagent solution.
18. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: h. capturing at least portion of the condensate formed during step c; and i. mixing a selected amount of the condensate captured in step h with a selected amount of reagent solution used in step d, wherein the condensate is acidic and wherein the reagent solution is basic.
19. A method of operating an exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 13, further comprising: j. stopping the exhaust gas stream; and
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
34 k. preventing exposure of the reagent solution to ambient air after step j.
20. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus for treating an exhaust gas stream, comprising: a heat exchanger downstream from the particulate matter remover and configured to condense at least some water vapour in the exhaust gas stream to produce condensate such that at least some gaseous contaminants in the exhaust gas stream dissolve in the condensate; an upstream reactor that is downstream from the heat exchanger, wherein the upstream reactor contains an upstream reagent solution selected to reduce the concentration of at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of: chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, nitrites and sulfates; a downstream reactor downstream from the upstream reactor, wherein the downstream reactor contains a downstream reagent solution selected to reduce the concentration of at least one contaminant selected from the group consisting of NOx and CO2, wherein the downstream reactor has an exhaust gas stream inlet and an exhaust gas stream outlet, wherein, during use, gas pressure in the downstream reactor is higher than ambient air pressure so as to substantially prevent ambient air from communicating with the downstream reagent solution during use, wherein at least one of the reactors further includes a reagent solution holding section configured to hold the reagent solution and a reagent holding space configured for loosely holding a solid block of reagent, wherein the reagent holding space has a bottom and a reagent holding space outlet at the bottom, wherein the reagent holding space outlet, during use, is immersed in the reagent solution so as to expose a lower portion of the solid block of reagent to the reagent solution so as to continuously introduce reagent into solution during use, wherein the reagent holding space is configured to hold the solid block of reagent sufficiently loosely that, in use, as the lower portion of the solid block of reagent is introduced into solution, the solid block of reagent moves downwards under gravity so that a new portion of the solid block of reagent becomes the lower portion of the solid block of reagent; and
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
35 a reagent protection device configured to prevent ambient air from communicating with the downstream reagent solution when the gas pressure in the downstream reactor is not higher than ambient air pressure.
21. An exhaust gas treatment apparatus as claimed in claim 20, further comprising a particulate matter remover configured to remove particulate matter from the exhaust gas stream.
22. A reactor, comprising: a reagent solution holding section for holding a quantity of reagent solution; and a reagent holding space adjacent the reagent solution holding section, wherein the reagent holding space is configured for receiving and loosely holding a solid block of reagent, wherein the reagent holding space has a bottom and has a passage at the bottom that is in fluid communication with the reagent solution holding section, such that, during use, solid reagent in the reagent holding space is exposed to reagent solution.
AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19)
36
PCT/CA2009/000248 2008-02-29 2009-03-02 Exhaust gas treatment apparatus and method WO2009105894A1 (en)

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BR112015007379B1 (en) 2012-10-02 2022-05-17 Scania Cv Ab Method and system for regulating the concentration/fraction of substances in an exhaust stream, computer readable medium and vehicle
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