WO2009092189A1 - 凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵 - Google Patents

凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009092189A1
WO2009092189A1 PCT/CN2008/002045 CN2008002045W WO2009092189A1 WO 2009092189 A1 WO2009092189 A1 WO 2009092189A1 CN 2008002045 W CN2008002045 W CN 2008002045W WO 2009092189 A1 WO2009092189 A1 WO 2009092189A1
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Prior art keywords
pump
plunger
fixed
sealing
versal
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PCT/CN2008/002045
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Xiuting Han
Xiang Su
Chengzhi Hao
Yuanfang Cheng
Junliang Li
Ming Li
Original Assignee
Heilongjiang Jiaxin Petrochemical Machinery Co., Ltd.
China University of Petroleum (East of China)
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Application filed by Heilongjiang Jiaxin Petrochemical Machinery Co., Ltd., China University of Petroleum (East of China) filed Critical Heilongjiang Jiaxin Petrochemical Machinery Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2009092189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009092189A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B43/00—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members
    • F04B43/12—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/1207—Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action the actuating element being a swash plate

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of lifting of petroleum mining machinery, and particularly relates to a plunger oil pump of a pumping unit, which is a hydraulic plunger pump with a small plunger diameter and a self-sealing function.
  • rod plunger pumping is one of the traditional lifting methods of the world oil industry, and it is also the dominant artificial lifting method to date.
  • the first stage of the development of rod pumping technology is the bushing type piston pump, and the second stage is the full barrel type plunger pump, which is currently widely used.
  • the conventional plunger pump has problems such as large friction, low efficiency, and complicated operation. The main reason is that the straightness and ellipticity of the metal plunger and the pump tube interfere with each other, especially the pump is used for containing fluid and thick. When there are many oil and solid phase particles, there is a large frictional resistance.
  • the commonly used plunger pump the swimming valve (wide) is screwed into the plunger, and moves with the plunger in the pump cylinder relative to the pump cylinder, so the pump diameter is large, not applicable to In small diameter, small displacement well conditions.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a Versal external hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump, which is suitable for use in small diameter and small displacement wells, and can solve the problem of large friction of the conventional plunger pump and low theoretical displacement. Problems such as complicated work.
  • the invention relates to an external hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump of the present invention, which mainly comprises a swimming versal, a plunger, a pump cylinder and a fixed versal, wherein: the fixed versal is fixedly connected to the lower part of the pump cylinder, and swims On the outside of the plunger.
  • the pump cylinder is provided with a set of retractable bosses at the upper end, and the lower portion of the plunger is provided with a recess for the telescopic boss to extend.
  • the timely engagement of the two forms a pulling mechanism for pulling the pump out of the ground.
  • the above-mentioned Versal external hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump wherein the pump cylinder is provided with a sealing section, and the sealing section is provided with a sealing section housing capable of transmitting pressure, and an elastic telescopic sleeve is arranged in the outer casing, and the elastic telescopic sleeve is inside A plurality of wear-resistant sealing rings are stacked.
  • the pump of the present invention externally installs the valve (valve), effectively reducing the pump diameter, making the new pump more suitable for the small size of the wellbore between ⁇ 34.9 ⁇ and ⁇ 50.8 mm.
  • the well diameter, the output is 0. 5 m 3 /d to lm 3 /d of small displacement well conditions.
  • the pump cylinder of the pump and the fixed valve at the lower part of the pump cylinder are inserted into the locking support by a fixed locking support, and the plunger is reciprocated in the pump cylinder (the plunger can be fixed as needed to reciprocate the pump cylinder) ) to achieve a change in pump volume for aspiration and drainage.
  • the pump barrel sealing section consisting of three layers of casing, elastic sleeve and sealing ring uses the function of hydraulic self-sealing to make the upper stroke of the pump without leakage, and the lower stroke has no friction.
  • the groove provided by the pump plunger and the retractable boss provided by the pump cylinder can conveniently and reliably pull the oil pump out of the ground to implement the inspection pump.
  • a sub-chamber bridge joint is arranged at the bottom of the oil pump to make the pump form two special channels for pumping and flushing. This design makes the flushing operation clean and thorough, effectively prolongs the pumping pump failure cycle and reduces the oil production cost.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of a Versal external hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of the pumping cylinder of the sealing section of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operation of the external hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump of the present invention
  • the present invention is equipped with a sucker rod 1, a swimming valve 2 and a pumping cylinder 5 in the order from top to bottom.
  • Plunger 3 different from existing pump:
  • the upper part of the pump cylinder 5 is provided with a sealing section 4, the lower part is fixedly connected with a fixed Versail 6 and a fixed locking support 7, and the fixed locking support 7 is inserted into the locking support seat 8, and the fixed locking support is arranged in the middle and fixed. 6 connected channels; '
  • the lower end of the locking support base 8 is fixedly connected with a sub-cavity bridge joint 9 having a horizontal hole 91 and a vertical hole 92 communicating with each other, and the vertical hole 92 is communicated with the passage between the fixed locking support 7;
  • An outer tube 11 is used as a flushing tube or a tubing, and the outer tube 11 is sleeved outside the above-mentioned components, and is connected with one side end of the sub-chamber bridge joint 9, and the outer tube 11 side wall and the sub-chamber
  • a horizontal hole 91 of the bridge joint 9 defines a through hole; a gap is formed between the outer tube 11 and other components disposed therein to form a flushing passage; a lower back valve of the outer tube 11 is provided with a backwash valve 10, a back flush valve
  • the valve seat 13 of the 10 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the outer tube 11, and the bottom through hole of the valve seat 13 communicates with the bottom of the outer tube 11, and the top through hole of the valve seat 13 communicates
  • the present invention places the fixed Versail (valve) 6 outside the reciprocating plunger 3 and the pump cylinder 5, and can effectively reduce the pump diameter.
  • the sealing section 4 of the pump cylinder 5 is optimized.
  • the sealing section 4 is provided with a sealing section 41 for conducting pressure, and the outer casing is installed.
  • a plurality of wear-resistant sealing rings 43 are stacked in the elastic telescopic sleeve. Due to the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the sealing section 4, the sealing section 4 and the plunger 3 are densely formed when the pump is in the upstroke. In combination, zero leakage is achieved; there is a gap with the plunger 3 during the downstroke, and there is no friction.
  • the seal section 4 can also be found in the design described in the inventor's other patent 200520112641.2.
  • the pump barrel sealing section 4 is provided with a set of retractable bosses 44, and the lower part of the plungers 3 is provided with a supply.
  • the oil suction passage and the cleaning passage are separately provided.
  • a sleeve 12 is axially sleeved outside the outer tube (ie, the flushing tube/oil tube) 11, and the sleeve 12 and the outer tube 11 are left with a gap. Form a well washing channel.
  • the horizontal hole 91 and the vertical hole 92 of the sub-cavity bridge joint 9 are arranged to sequentially connect the fixed locking support 7 channel, the fixed Versail 6, the pump barrel 5, the plunger 3, and the swimming Vers 2 to form a pumping passage.
  • the backwash valve 10 When the oil is pumped, the backwash valve 10 is closed, and the liquid is lifted to the ground through the oil pumping passage; when the well is washed, the high pressure liquid is injected into the well through the well washing passage and enters the bottom chamber of the outer tube 11, and the top flushing is 10 into the flushing passage. The immersion in the oil pump is flushed, and finally returned to the ground through the outer tube 11 to complete the rinsing operation.
  • the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
  • the Versail external hydraulic self-sealing plunger pump adopts the above scheme, and the fixed valve (valve) is placed outside the reciprocating plunger and the pump cylinder for the first time, and the pump diameter can be effectively reduced, so that the pump of the present invention can be effectively It is more suitable for well conditions with a wellbore size between 0)34.9 mm and ⁇ 50.8 ⁇ , and a production volume of 0.5 m 3 /d to lm 3 /d.
  • the new pump diameter that has been realized at present is the smallest pump diameter at home and abroad, and the technology has reached the leading level at home and abroad.
  • the pump barrel is provided with a sealing section, the upper stroke of the pump barrel is high pressure, and the elastic telescopic sleeve of the sealing section is elastically deformed to form a good seal, and the leakage loss tends to zero, and the down-stroke elastic expansion sleeve gradually returns to the original state, and the gap becomes large.
  • the resistance to zero, the friction on the upper stroke is the effective friction of the loaded load, reducing the wear on the pump barrel, and the special wear-resistant sealing ring improves the service life of the pump.
  • the effective stroke is increased, the lower stroke has no frictional resistance, the sucker rod is bent, the effective stroke is increased, and the pumping efficiency is remarkably improved.
  • the pump and the pump can be pulled out of the ground through the groove and the lifting mechanism of the boss.
  • the operation is convenient and labor-saving, and there is no pollution (the pump can automatically drain the oil when the pump is started). Oil production costs.
  • the pump of the invention has a valve (valve) externally, which effectively reduces the pump diameter, so that the new pump is more suitable for use in a small well diameter and a small production well condition, and can solve the problem that the conventional piston pump has large friction.
  • the problems of large theoretical displacement, low efficiency, and complicated operation are suitable for industrial applications.

Description

凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵
技术领域：
本发明属于石油开采机械举升领域，具体涉及抽油机的柱塞抽油泵，是一种 小柱塞径、 具有自封功能的液压柱塞抽油泵。 背景技术：
目前，有杆柱塞泵抽油是世界石油工业传统的举升方式之一，也是迄今为止 占主导地位的人工举升方式。 有杆泵抽油技术发展的第一阶段是衬套式柱塞泵， 第二阶段为整筒式柱塞泵， 目前大量采用该方式。而常规柱塞泵存在摩阻大、效 率低、作业复杂等问题，其主要原因是金属柱塞与泵筒存在的直线度与椭圆度误 差造成配合干涉，特别将泵用于含聚流体、稠油和含固相微粒较多时存在较大的 摩擦阻力， 随着间隙变小和聚合物浓度变大， 轴向压力变大， 产生侧向力， 引起 杆、 管弯曲， 使泵的有效冲程缩短、 泵效降低， 最终导致杆、 管偏摩断漏， 泵检 周期缩短等不良影响。排除故障时只能通过作业起出杆柱或油管柱，增加了原油 开采的成本。
另一方面，目前普遍使用的柱塞泵，游动凡尔（阔)是通过螺纹连接在柱塞内， 与柱塞一同在泵筒内相对泵筒运动， 因此泵径较大， 不适用于在小直径、 小排量 的井况。 发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵，使其适用于小直 径、 小排量的井中， 并能解决常规柱塞泵摩阻大、 理论排量大效率低、 作业复杂 等问题。
本发明凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 主要包括游动凡尔、柱塞、泵筒和 固定凡尔， 其中： 所述固定凡尔固定连接于泵筒的下部， 游动凡尔置于柱塞外部 上部。
以上所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其中， 所述泵筒下部的固定 凡尔连接一固定锁紧支承， 所述固定锁紧支承插接于一锁紧支承座里。
所述泵筒上端设有一组可伸縮凸台，而柱塞的下部设有供可伸缩凸台伸入 的凹槽， 二者的适时接合形成了将泵拉出地面的提拉机构。
以上所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵，其中，设一外管同轴套设于游 动凡尔、柱塞、 泵筒、 固定凡尔或固定锁紧支承、 以及锁紧支承座之外， 且在所 述固定凡尔或锁紧支承座下连接一分腔过桥接头，其设开孔于所述外管外并连通 固定锁紧支承、 固定凡尔、 泵 、 柱塞、 游动凡尔形成抽油通道。
以上所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵，其中，所述外管下端内部固设 有一反冲洗阀，反冲洗阀的阀座固定连接外管侧壁， 阀座的底部通孔连通外管最 底部，阀座的顶部通孔连通外管与分腔过桥接头形成的冲洗腔以及外管和泵筒之 间的空腔而形成冲洗专用通道。
以上所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其中， 所述泵筒设密封段， 密 封段设有可传导压力的密封段外壳，外壳内装有一个弹性伸缩套，在弹性伸缩套 里面叠装有多个耐磨的密封环。
采用以上设计， 本发明抽油泵将凡尔（阀）外置， 有效地减小了泵径， 使这种 新型泵更适用于井眼尺寸在 Φ34.9 ιηιη 至 Φ50.8 mm 之间的微小井径、 产量为 0. 5 m3 /d至 l m3 /d的小排量的井况。 该泵的泵筒和泵筒下部的固定阀通过固定 锁紧支承插接在锁紧支承座里， 通过柱塞在泵筒里的往复运动 (根据需要也可固 定柱塞， 使泵筒往复运动)来实现泵容积的变化， 从而进行吸液和排液。 由壳体、 弹性套、密封环三层构成的泵筒密封段， 利用其液压自封的功能， 使泵的上行程 无漏失， 下行程无摩阻。泵柱塞设有的凹槽和泵筒设有的可伸缩凸台的接合， 可 将抽油泵方便可靠的拉出地面实施检泵。在抽油泵的底下部设有一个分腔过桥接 头， 使泵形成抽油、 冲洗两条专用通道， 这 设计使冲洗作业干净彻底， 有效的 延长了抽油泵故障周期， 降低了采油成本。 附图说明：
图 1 为本发明凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞泵的结构图；
图 2 为图 1中密封段泵筒的局部放大图；
图 3为本发明凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵工作示意图；
图中： 1.抽油杆、 2.游动凡尔（阀）、 34.柱塞凹槽、 3.柱塞、 4. 泵筒密封段、 41.密封段壳体、 42.弹性伸缩套、 43.密封环、 44.可伸缩凸台、 5.泵筒、 6.固定 凡尔（阀）、 7.固定锁紧支承、 8.锁紧支承座 、 9.分腔过桥接头、 91.水平孔、 92.垂直孔、 10.反冲洗阀 、 11.外管、 12.套管。 具体实施方式：
由图 1 所示， 和现有抽油泵相似， 本发明凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵 从上至下依次装有抽油杆 1、 游动凡尔 2以及置于泵筒 5内的柱塞 3 ; 与现有抽 油泵不同的是：
泵筒 5上部设一密封段 4， 下部固定连接一固定凡尔 6和固定锁紧支承 7， 固定锁紧支承 7插接于锁紧支承座 8里， 固定锁紧支承 Ί中间设与固定凡尔 6 相通的通道； '
锁紧支承座 8下端固定连接一分腔过桥接头 9，分腔过桥接头 9具有相互连 通的水平孔 91和垂直孔 92， 并且垂直孔 92与固定锁紧支承 7中间的通道连通； 设一外管 11用作冲洗管或油管， 该外管 11套设在以上所述各部件之外， 并与分腔过桥接头 9的一侧端连接一起， 外管 11侧壁与分腔过桥接头 9的水平 孔 91相对位置开设一通孔；外管 11与其它套设于其中的部件之间留有间隙而形 成冲洗通道； 外管 11的下部固设有一反冲洗阀 10， 反冲洗阀 10的阀座 13固定 连接外管 11侧壁， 阀座 13的底部通孔连通外管 11最底部， 阀座 13的顶部通孔 连通外管 11与分腔过桥接头 9形成的冲洗腔。
釆用以上本设计， 本发明将固定凡尔（阀） 6置于往复运动的柱塞 3、 泵筒 5 之外， 可以有效地减小泵径。
在本发明优化方案中， 为达到抽油泵的液压自封功能， 泵筒 5 的密封段 4 采用了优化设计， 参见图 2所示， 密封段 4设有可传导压力的密封段外壳 41， 外壳内装有一个弹性伸缩套 42， 在弹性伸缩套里面叠装有若干个耐磨的密封环 43，由于密封段 4内外压差的作用， 泵在上冲程时， 该密封段 4与柱塞 3形成密 合， 实现零漏失； 下冲程时则与柱塞 3存有间隙， 无摩阻。密封段 4部分也可参 见发明人另一专利 200520112641.2中描述的设计。
在本发明另一优化方案中， 为将抽油泵拉出地面进行检修， 如图 1 所示， 泵筒密封段 4上设有一组可伸缩凸台 44， 而柱塞 3的下部设有供可伸缩凸台 44 伸入的凹槽 34， 当抽油杆 1提拉柱塞 3向上时， 凹槽 34行至可伸缩凸台 44位 置而使伸缩凸台 44插入凹槽 34内，从而使柱塞 3和泵筒 5连接，此时再加力上 拉抽油杆 1， 则使与泵筒 5固定连接的固定锁紧支承 7从锁紧支承座 8中脱开， 从而将抽油泵上面部件拉出地面。
在本发明还一优化方案中， 分设抽油通道和清洗通道。 参见图 3所示， 在 外管 （即冲洗管 /油管） 11外再轴向套设一套管 12， 套管 12与外管 11留有间隙 形成洗井通道。所设分腔过桥接头 9的水平孔 91和垂直孔 92向上依次连通固定 锁紧支承 7通道、 固定凡尔 6、 泵筒 5、 柱塞 3、 游动凡尔 2而形成一抽油通道； 而洗井通道、 反冲洗阀 10、 分腔过桥接头 9的外围与外管 1 1 的空腔、 外管 11 与其中内部装设部件 （如泵筒 5 ) 之间的空腔连通而形成冲洗通道。 抽油时， 反 冲洗阀 10关闭， 则液体通过抽油通道被提升至地面； 洗井时， 高压液体经洗井 通道注入井下并进入外管 11的底腔，顶开冲洗阔 10进入冲洗通道，对抽油泵内 的沉於物进行冲洗， 最后经外管 11返回地面， 完成冲洗作业。
以上多种优化设计可以结合使用或者单独使用， 因此， 本发明的抽油泵可 以做出多种实施的变化， 在此恕不一一列举。
采用以上设计， 本发明达到以下有益效果：
该凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵采用上述方案，首次将固定凡尔（阀）置于 往复运动的柱塞、泵筒之外， 可以有效地减小泵径， 使本发明的抽油泵更适用于 井眼尺寸在 0)34.9 mm至 Φ50.8 ηυη之间的微井径、产量为 0.5 m3 /d至 l m3 /d小排 量的井况。 目前己实现的新型泵径为国内外最小泵径，该技术已达到国内外领先 水平。 „
泵筒上设密封段，上冲程泵筒腔外高压，密封段的弹性伸缩套发生弹性形变， 形成良好的密封， 漏失量趋于零， 下冲程弹性伸缩套逐渐恢复原状， 间隙变大， 摩阻趋于零，上冲程所承受的摩擦是已承受载荷的有效摩擦， 降低了对泵筒的磨 损， 专用耐磨密封环提高了泵的使用寿命。 同等情况下有效冲程增加， 下冲程无 摩擦阻力， 减少抽油杆弯曲， 增加有效冲程， 泵效显著提高。
检泵时， 通过柱塞、 泵筒设有的凹槽、 凸台提拉机构， 可顺利将抽油泵拉出 地面， 作业方便省力， 无污染 (起泵时， 泵可自动泄油）， 降低采油成本。
洗井时， 于套管内注入高压液体， 高压液体经过井底， 将反冲洗阀顶开， 进 入外管，通过外管返回地面，完成冲洗作业。这种专一通道洗井技术，干净彻底， 可减少作业次数。 工业应用性
本发明抽油泵凡尔 (阀)外置， 有效地减小了泵径， 使这种新型泵更适用于微 小井径和小产量的井况使用，并能解决常规柱塞泵摩阻大、理论排量大、效率低、 作业复杂等问题， 适于工业应用。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 主要包括游动凡尔、 柱塞、 泵筒 和固定凡尔， 其特征在于： 所述固定凡尔固定连接于泵筒的下部， 游动凡尔置于 柱塞外部上部。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特征在于： 所述泵筒下部的固定凡尔连接一固定锁紧支承，所述固定锁紧支承插接于一锁紧 支承座里。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特征在于： 所述泵筒上端设有一组可伸缩凸台，而柱塞的下部设有供可伸缩凸台伸入的凹 槽， 二者的适时接合形成了将泵拉出地面的提拉机构。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特征在于： 设一外管同轴套设于游动凡尔、 柱塞、 泵筒、 固定凡尔之外， 固定凡尔下连接一 分腔过桥接头， 其设开孔于所述外管外并连通外固定凡尔、 泵筒、 柱塞、 游动凡 尔形成抽油通道。
5、 根据权利要求 3所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特征在于： 设一外管同轴套设于游动凡尔、 柱塞、 泵筒、 固定凡尔、 固定锁紧支承、 以及锁 紧支承座之外，且所述锁紧支承座下连接一分腔过桥接头，其设开孔于所述外管 外并连通固定锁紧支承、 固定凡尔、 泵筒、 柱塞、 游动凡尔形成抽油通道。
6、 根据权利要求 4或 5所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特征在 于： 所述外管下端内部固设有一反冲洗阀， 反冲洗阀的阀座固定连接外管侧壁， 阀座的底部通孔连通外管最底部，阀座的顶部通孔连通外管与分腔过桥接头形成 的冲洗腔以及外管和泵筒之间的空腔而形成冲洗专用通道。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 5任一所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特 征在于： 所述泵筒设密封段， 密封段设有可传导压力的密封段外壳， 外壳内装有 一个弹性伸缩套， 在弹性伸缩套里面叠装有多个耐磨的密封环。
8、 根据权利要求 6所述的凡尔外置式液压自封柱塞抽油泵， 其特征在于： 所述泵筒设密封段，密封段设有可传导压力的密封段外壳，外壳内装有一个弹性 伸缩套， 在弹性伸缩套里面叠装有多个耐磨的密封环。
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CN102661270A (zh) * 2012-05-21 2012-09-12 李广青 长柱塞防气分抽混出抽油泵
CN108361182A (zh) * 2018-01-08 2018-08-03 诸暨市超前泵业科技有限公司 井下往复式无杆抽油泵
CN109538452A (zh) * 2018-12-17 2019-03-29 中船重工中南装备有限责任公司 稠油抽油泵
CN109667753A (zh) * 2019-02-14 2019-04-23 吉林大学 盲孔型储沙抽油泵柱塞
CN111734353A (zh) * 2019-03-25 2020-10-02 中国石油化工股份有限公司 双泵筒管式泵接替生产管柱及不动管柱检泵的工艺
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CN102661270A (zh) * 2012-05-21 2012-09-12 李广青 长柱塞防气分抽混出抽油泵
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CN114562447B (zh) * 2022-03-04 2024-04-05 濮阳市元亨利通石油机械有限公司 稠油防砂泵
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CN115749701A (zh) * 2022-12-06 2023-03-07 山东威马泵业股份有限公司 一种防喷管式抽油泵

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