WO2009088301A1 - A method for control of a drilling operation - Google Patents

A method for control of a drilling operation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009088301A1
WO2009088301A1 PCT/NO2009/000006 NO2009000006W WO2009088301A1 WO 2009088301 A1 WO2009088301 A1 WO 2009088301A1 NO 2009000006 W NO2009000006 W NO 2009000006W WO 2009088301 A1 WO2009088301 A1 WO 2009088301A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particle size
size distribution
cuttings
drilling
borehole
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2009/000006
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Helge Krohn
Bjørn DAHL
Odd B. Skjaerseth
Original Assignee
West Treatment System As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by West Treatment System As filed Critical West Treatment System As
Priority to US12/811,999 priority Critical patent/US20110094800A1/en
Priority to GB1012795A priority patent/GB2469413B/en
Publication of WO2009088301A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009088301A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/06—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole
    • E21B21/063—Arrangements for treating drilling fluids outside the borehole by separating components
    • E21B21/065—Separating solids from drilling fluids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a drilling operation, more particularly by the particle size distribution of cuttings being determined and compared with data for the desired particle size distribution when drilling the underground formation of interest, after which the critical control parameters of the drilling operation are changed with the aim of achieving the desired particle size distribution in the cuttings.
  • the drilling fluid used is cleaned of drilled particles (cuttings) which have been carried hydraulically with the drilling fluid from the bottom of the borehole up to the surface.
  • the drilled particles must be separated from the drilling fluid for the properties of the drilling fluid to be recovered.
  • chemicals and minerals are also added to seal the wall of the borehole, among other things, to prevent, thereby, drilling fluid from leaking out through the borehole wall to the formation.
  • each of the shale shakers can be provided with screen cloths of different apertures assembled into a screen assembly.
  • Each screen cloth delivers the separated particles to the same place, the purpose of using several screen cloths being to achieve a best possible separation of particles from the drilling fluid.
  • the separated particles are handled as gravel in the subsequent process.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a drilling operation, in which a drill bit is arranged in a manner known per se on an outer end of a drill string, and a drilling fluid, which is circulated in the borehole, carries cuttings out of the borehole.
  • the analytical result may be used for controlling the drilling operation, more particularly, in the event of the analytical results showing a frac- tion distribution which is not favourable, by seeking to change the drilling operation into a direction towards a more favourable result.
  • control parameters that affect the particle distribution in a given underground structure are, for example, the work pressure of the drill bit against the underground formation, the rotational speed of the drill bit, the composition of the drilling fluid and the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the borehole. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that any method of separation suitable for separating cuttings particles from a drilling fluid will be appropriate as long as the separating method enables frac- tioning of the cuttings particles.
  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a drilling operation, in particular in the production or exploration drilling for hydrocarbons, in which a drill bit is arranged on an end of a drill string and, by rotation and pressure against an underground formation, is fit to form a borehole, and in which a drilling fluid is circu- lated through a pipe bore into the borehole at the drill bit to convey cuttings out of the borehole, characterized by the method comprising the steps of: providing data on the particle size distribution of the cuttings; comparing the provided particle size distribution with data for the desired particle size distribution when drilling in the underground formation of interest; and adjusting the critical control parameters of the drill - ing operation with the aim of achieving a cuttings particle size distribution which corresponds, to the greatest extent possible, to the desired particle size distribution.
  • the critical control parameters of the drilling operation may comprise the work pressure of the drill bit against the un- derground formation, the rotational speed of the drill bit, the composition of the drilling fluid and the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the borehole.
  • the cuttings particle size distribution may be provided by at least a representative portion of the cutting- laden drilling fluid being carried to a separating system arranged for frac- tioning the cuttings particles.
  • the separating system may comprise a plurality of shale shakers connected in series, each shale shaker being arranged to separate particles over a specific screening size and keep them separated from particles which are separated from other shale shakers in the screening device.
  • the method may thereby be practised with the use of shale shakers known per se but arranged in such a way that the separated particles from one screen size do not get mixed with fractions separated from shale shakers of a different screen aperture.
  • each fraction may be quantified in the form of weight or volume. It is obvious that there is a wide variety of measuring methods for finding the relevant measuring quantities.
  • Each of the separate particle fractions can be distributed for further processing.
  • processing is meant here any use of the cuttings, for example disposal, crushing or direct return to an underground structure .
  • figure 1 shows schematically an array of multiple shale shakers for practising the method according to the invention.
  • a separating system 1 in which several first shale shakers 11, of the prior art known per se, have been arranged around a first screening receiver 12. All the first shale shakers 11 are provided with the same type of screen cloth (not shown) for separating a first cuttings fraction A of a partial material flow 16 which is carried via the first screening receiver 12, which is shared by all the first shale shakers 11, to a first conveyor 13.
  • the first conveyor 13 is provided with means 18 for registering the material flow passing over said conveyor 13. From the outlet of the first conveyor 13 flows a material flow 17 containing separated cuttings of the fraction A.
  • This material flow 17 may be split, as required, into several material flows 17a, 17b for different further processing; for example, one partial flow may be a material flow which is used for sampling according to the invention, whereas the other partial flow may be carried to a landfill (not shown) directly or via conveyor means, known per se, suitable for this.
  • Each of the first shale shakers 11 is supplied with cuttings- laden drilling fluid in a primary drilling fluid flow 5 in a manner known per se. For simplicity, the supply of drilling fluid to only one of the shale shakers 11 is shown.
  • a secondary drilling fluid flow 15 In a fluid outlet from each of the first shale shakers 11 flows a secondary drilling fluid flow 15. For simplicity, this is shown in connection with only one of the shale shakers 11.
  • the secondary drilling fluid flow 15 is carried to an inlet of a second shale shaker 21.
  • All the second shale shakers 21 are provided with a screen cloth (not shown) with smaller apertures than the screen cloth of the first shale shakers 11 for separating a second cuttings fraction B of a partial material flow 26 which is carried via the second screening receiver 22 which is shared by all the second shale shakers 21 to a second conveyor 23.
  • the second conveyor 23, respectively the third and fourth conveyors 33 and 43 is provided with means 28, respectively 38 and 48, for registering the material flow passing over said conveyor 23, respectively 33 and 43.
  • a material flow 27, respectively 37 and 47 containing separated cuttings of the fraction B, respectively C and D.
  • This material flow 27, respectively 37 and 47 may be split, as required, into several material flows 27a, 27b, respectively 37a, 37b and 47a, 47b, for different further processing; for example, one partial flow may be a material flow which is used for sampling according to the invention, whereas the other partial flow may be carried to a landfill (not shown) directly or via conveyor means, known per se, suitable for this.
  • sepa- rating system 1 for practising the method according to the invention must include appropriate prior art pipe, valve, pump and container arrangements, known per se, for controlling the fluid flows in the separating system 1, but which are not shown here for the sake of simplicity.
  • fluid flows 15, 25, 35 are not necessarily carried directly between the respective shale shakers 11, 21, 31, 41 but could be carried via, for example, buffer reservoirs or fluid dispersals (not shown) .
  • the separating system 1 may include more shale shakers with further types of screen cloth for splitting the cuttings into more, suitable fractions than those mentioned here.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)

Abstract

A method for controlling a drilling operation, in particular in production or exploration drilling for hydrocarbons, in which a drill bit is arranged on an end of a drill string and, by rotation and pressure against an underground formation, is arranged to form a borehole, and in which a drilling fluid is circulated through a pipe bore into the borehole at the drill bit to convey cuttings out of the borehole, the method comprising the steps of: - providing data (17, 27, 37, 47) on the particle size distribution of the cuttings; - comparing the provided particle size distribution with data for the desired particle size distribution when drilling in the underground formation of interest; and - adjusting the critical control parameters of the drilling operation with the aim of achieving a cuttings particle size distribution which corresponds, to the greatest extent possible, to the desired particle size distribution.

Description

A METHOD FOR CONTROL OF A DRILLING OPERATION
The invention relates to a method for controlling a drilling operation, more particularly by the particle size distribution of cuttings being determined and compared with data for the desired particle size distribution when drilling the underground formation of interest, after which the critical control parameters of the drilling operation are changed with the aim of achieving the desired particle size distribution in the cuttings.
In connection with the drilling of exploration or production wells for hydrocarbons, among other things, the drilling fluid used is cleaned of drilled particles (cuttings) which have been carried hydraulically with the drilling fluid from the bottom of the borehole up to the surface. The drilled particles must be separated from the drilling fluid for the properties of the drilling fluid to be recovered. In connection with boreholes in underground formations chemicals and minerals are also added to seal the wall of the borehole, among other things, to prevent, thereby, drilling fluid from leaking out through the borehole wall to the formation.
In connection with drilling long, horizontal holes it is a problem that particles carried in the drilling fluid tend to sediment in the borehole, as they are deposited substantially in the bottom portion of the horizontal borehole. This leads to a decreasing cross -section of the borehole, resulting in increasing contact between the drill pipes of a drill string and the sedimented mass. This gives increased friction during movement of the drill string, and more power is needed to move the drill string. At worst the drill string gets stuck in the borehole. This problem grows with increasing borehole lengths .
From the mining industry, for example, it is known to get an overview of the particle size distribution of a particle mass by a selection (sample) of the particle mass being screened by means of a screening apparatus comprising a plurality of screen cloths decreasing in mesh width downstream, the different fractions being collected and weighed, after which the relative distribution is arranged in a table or diagram. An example of this is described in EP0084666.
In the recovery of drilling fluid in connection with exploration or production drilling for hydrocarbons, it is known to use one or more shale shakers, each of the shale shakers can be provided with screen cloths of different apertures assembled into a screen assembly. Each screen cloth delivers the separated particles to the same place, the purpose of using several screen cloths being to achieve a best possible separation of particles from the drilling fluid. The separated particles are handled as gravel in the subsequent process.
From EP 84666 Bl, US 2007/245838 Al, US 6386026 Bl and US 3943754 are known devices and methods for determining the particle size distribution of cuttings from return drilling fluid. Besides, from said US 6386026 Bl and also NO 3186532 Bl, US 7092822 B2 and US 6349595 Bl it is known to analyse cuttings particles for interpreting different petrophysical or chemical parameters such as formation permeability, capillary pressure, rate of penetration, recirculation rate for drilling mud etc. The invention has for its object to remedy or reduce at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art .
The object is achieved through features which are specified in the description below and in the claims that follow.
The invention relates to a method for controlling a drilling operation, in which a drill bit is arranged in a manner known per se on an outer end of a drill string, and a drilling fluid, which is circulated in the borehole, carries cuttings out of the borehole. By finding the particle size distribu- tion of the drilling fluid and comparing this particle size distribution with an ideal desired distribution when drilling under the prevailing conditions, the analytical result may be used for controlling the drilling operation, more particularly, in the event of the analytical results showing a frac- tion distribution which is not favourable, by seeking to change the drilling operation into a direction towards a more favourable result. The control parameters that affect the particle distribution in a given underground structure are, for example, the work pressure of the drill bit against the underground formation, the rotational speed of the drill bit, the composition of the drilling fluid and the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the borehole. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that any method of separation suitable for separating cuttings particles from a drilling fluid will be appropriate as long as the separating method enables frac- tioning of the cuttings particles.
More specifically, the invention relates to a method for controlling a drilling operation, in particular in the production or exploration drilling for hydrocarbons, in which a drill bit is arranged on an end of a drill string and, by rotation and pressure against an underground formation, is fit to form a borehole, and in which a drilling fluid is circu- lated through a pipe bore into the borehole at the drill bit to convey cuttings out of the borehole, characterized by the method comprising the steps of: providing data on the particle size distribution of the cuttings; comparing the provided particle size distribution with data for the desired particle size distribution when drilling in the underground formation of interest; and adjusting the critical control parameters of the drill - ing operation with the aim of achieving a cuttings particle size distribution which corresponds, to the greatest extent possible, to the desired particle size distribution.
The critical control parameters of the drilling operation may comprise the work pressure of the drill bit against the un- derground formation, the rotational speed of the drill bit, the composition of the drilling fluid and the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the borehole.
The cuttings particle size distribution may be provided by at least a representative portion of the cutting- laden drilling fluid being carried to a separating system arranged for frac- tioning the cuttings particles. Thereby the advantage is achieved that the method according to the invention may be used in the analysis of representative samples from a flow of drilling fluid from a borehole. Alternatively, the entire flow of drilling fluid can be treated, which is advantageous when there is a need for special processing of one or more cuttings fractions.
The separating system may comprise a plurality of shale shakers connected in series, each shale shaker being arranged to separate particles over a specific screening size and keep them separated from particles which are separated from other shale shakers in the screening device. The method may thereby be practised with the use of shale shakers known per se but arranged in such a way that the separated particles from one screen size do not get mixed with fractions separated from shale shakers of a different screen aperture.
Each fraction may be quantified in the form of weight or volume. It is obvious that there is a wide variety of measuring methods for finding the relevant measuring quantities.
Each of the separate particle fractions can be distributed for further processing. By processing is meant here any use of the cuttings, for example disposal, crushing or direct return to an underground structure .
In what follows is described an example of a preferred embodiment which is visualized in the accompanying drawing, figure 1, which shows schematically an array of multiple shale shakers for practising the method according to the invention.
In the figure is shown a separating system 1, in which several first shale shakers 11, of the prior art known per se, have been arranged around a first screening receiver 12. All the first shale shakers 11 are provided with the same type of screen cloth (not shown) for separating a first cuttings fraction A of a partial material flow 16 which is carried via the first screening receiver 12, which is shared by all the first shale shakers 11, to a first conveyor 13. The first conveyor 13 is provided with means 18 for registering the material flow passing over said conveyor 13. From the outlet of the first conveyor 13 flows a material flow 17 containing separated cuttings of the fraction A. This material flow 17 may be split, as required, into several material flows 17a, 17b for different further processing; for example, one partial flow may be a material flow which is used for sampling according to the invention, whereas the other partial flow may be carried to a landfill (not shown) directly or via conveyor means, known per se, suitable for this.
Each of the first shale shakers 11 is supplied with cuttings- laden drilling fluid in a primary drilling fluid flow 5 in a manner known per se. For simplicity, the supply of drilling fluid to only one of the shale shakers 11 is shown.
In a fluid outlet from each of the first shale shakers 11 flows a secondary drilling fluid flow 15. For simplicity, this is shown in connection with only one of the shale shakers 11. The secondary drilling fluid flow 15 is carried to an inlet of a second shale shaker 21.
In a manner corresponding to that described above for the first shale shakers 11, several second, respectively third and fourth, shale shakers 21, respectively 31 and 41, of the prior art known per se, are placed together around a second, respectively third and fourth screening receiver 22, respectively 32 and 42.
All the second shale shakers 21 are provided with a screen cloth (not shown) with smaller apertures than the screen cloth of the first shale shakers 11 for separating a second cuttings fraction B of a partial material flow 26 which is carried via the second screening receiver 22 which is shared by all the second shale shakers 21 to a second conveyor 23.
Corresponding conditions apply to the third and fourth shale shakers 31, 41 separating a cuttings fraction C, respectively D.
The second conveyor 23, respectively the third and fourth conveyors 33 and 43, is provided with means 28, respectively 38 and 48, for registering the material flow passing over said conveyor 23, respectively 33 and 43. From the outlet of the second conveyor 23, respectively the third and fourth conveyors 33 and 43, flows a material flow 27, respectively 37 and 47, containing separated cuttings of the fraction B, respectively C and D. This material flow 27, respectively 37 and 47, may be split, as required, into several material flows 27a, 27b, respectively 37a, 37b and 47a, 47b, for different further processing; for example, one partial flow may be a material flow which is used for sampling according to the invention, whereas the other partial flow may be carried to a landfill (not shown) directly or via conveyor means, known per se, suitable for this.
From the fourth shale shakers 41 runs a flow 45 formed by drilling fluid which is fully processed, as far as the sepa- ration of cuttings particles is concerned, but which may undergo further processing, in a manner known per se, for the separation of additives, for example weight materials like barite and similar.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the sepa- rating system 1 for practising the method according to the invention must include appropriate prior art pipe, valve, pump and container arrangements, known per se, for controlling the fluid flows in the separating system 1, but which are not shown here for the sake of simplicity.
It is also obvious that the fluid flows 15, 25, 35 are not necessarily carried directly between the respective shale shakers 11, 21, 31, 41 but could be carried via, for example, buffer reservoirs or fluid dispersals (not shown) .
It is also obvious that the separating system 1 may include more shale shakers with further types of screen cloth for splitting the cuttings into more, suitable fractions than those mentioned here.
To the separating system 1 are connected, via signal - communicating means 2a, 3a known per se, for example cables, control and operation plants 2, 3 for controlling the sepa- rating system 1 and for recording and calculating relevant data.

Claims

C l a i m s
1. A method for controlling a drilling operation, in particular in production or exploration drilling for hydrocarbons, in which a drill bit is arranged on an end of a drill string and, by rotation and pressure against an underground formation, is arranged to form a borehole, and in which a drilling fluid is circulated through a pipe bore into the borehole at the drill bit to convey cuttings out of the borehole, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the method comprises the steps of: providing data (17, 27, 37, 47) on the particle size distribution of the cuttings; comparing the provided particle size distribution with data for the desired particle size distribution when drilling in the underground formation of interest; and adjusting the critical control parameters of the drilling operation with the aim of achieving a cut- tings particle size distribution which corresponds, to the greatest extent possible, to the desired particle size distribution.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the critical control parame- ters of the drilling operation include the work pressure of the drill bit against the underground formation, the rotational speed of the drill bit, the composition of the drilling fluid, and the flow rate of the drilling fluid in the borehole.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that the cuttings particle size distribution is provided by at least a representative portion of the cuttings-laden drilling fluid being carried to a separating system (1) arranged to fraction the cuttings particles.
4. The method in accordance with claim 3, c h a r a c - 5 t e r i z e d i n that the separating system (1) includes a plurality of shale shakers (11, 21, 31, 41) connected in series, each shale shaker (11, 21, 31, 41) being arranged to separate a fraction (A, B, C, D) of particles over a specific screening size and keepo each fraction (A, B, C, D) separated from the fractions (A, B, C, D) separated from other shale shakers (11, 21, 31, 41) in the separating system (1) .
5. The method in accordance with claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that s - each fraction (A, B, C, D) is quantified in the form of weight or volume.
6. The method in accordance with claim 4, c h a r a c t e r i z e d i n that each of the separate particle fractions (A, B, C, D) is distributed to furthero processing.
PCT/NO2009/000006 2008-01-11 2009-01-07 A method for control of a drilling operation WO2009088301A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/811,999 US20110094800A1 (en) 2008-01-11 2009-01-07 Method for Control of a Drilling Operation
GB1012795A GB2469413B (en) 2008-01-11 2009-01-07 A method for control of a drilling operation

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20080204A NO20080204A (en) 2008-01-11 2008-01-11 Procedure for controlling a drilling operation
NO20080204 2008-01-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009088301A1 true WO2009088301A1 (en) 2009-07-16

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PCT/NO2009/000006 WO2009088301A1 (en) 2008-01-11 2009-01-07 A method for control of a drilling operation

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US (1) US20110094800A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2469413B (en)
NO (1) NO20080204A (en)
WO (1) WO2009088301A1 (en)

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WO2018236373A1 (en) * 2017-06-21 2018-12-27 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Prediction of cutting size and shape generated by a drill bit

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO327236B1 (en) 2009-05-18
NO20080204A (en) 2009-05-18
GB2469413A (en) 2010-10-13
GB2469413B (en) 2011-12-07
GB201012795D0 (en) 2010-09-15
US20110094800A1 (en) 2011-04-28

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