WO2009087586A1 - Light output device with fluorescent or reflective particles - Google Patents

Light output device with fluorescent or reflective particles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009087586A1
WO2009087586A1 PCT/IB2009/050018 IB2009050018W WO2009087586A1 WO 2009087586 A1 WO2009087586 A1 WO 2009087586A1 IB 2009050018 W IB2009050018 W IB 2009050018W WO 2009087586 A1 WO2009087586 A1 WO 2009087586A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light source
output
different
light
elements
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2009/050018
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ties Van Bommel
Rifat A. M. Hikmet
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2009087586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009087586A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V33/00—Structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for
    • F21V33/006—General building constructions or finishing work for buildings, e.g. roofs, gutters, stairs or floors; Garden equipment; Sunshades or parasols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10247—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing decorations or patterns for aesthetic reasons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/004—Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/28—Other arrangements on doors or windows, e.g. door-plates, windows adapted to carry plants, hooks for window cleaners
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
    • H01L33/507—Wavelength conversion elements the elements being in intimate contact with parts other than the semiconductor body or integrated with parts other than the semiconductor body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
    • H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
    • H01L33/60—Reflective elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to light output devices, particularly but not exclusively using discrete light sources associated with a transparent substrate structure.
  • LED in glass One known example of this type of light output device is a so-called "LED in glass” device.
  • An example is shown in Figure 1.
  • a glass plate is used, with a transparent conductive coating (for example ITO) forming electrodes.
  • the conductive coating is patterned in order to make the electrodes that are connected to a semiconductor LED device.
  • the assembly is completed by laminating the glass, with the LEDs inside a thermoplastic layer (for example polyvinyl butyral, PVB).
  • a thermoplastic layer for example polyvinyl butyral, PVB
  • the light output device can be used for illumination of other objects, for display of an image, or simply for decorative purposes.
  • the LEDs are white light sources.
  • colour filters In order to generate a colour output, one possibility is to provide the LEDs with colour filters, so that each generates a desired colour.
  • using LEDs with colour filters is inefficient because a significant amount of light is lost.
  • Another possibility is to use different types of LED for different colour outputs.
  • such LEDs have different voltage-current characteristics, so that they need to be addressed in groups or individually. Thus, an efficient way of generating more than one colour output is desired, with low light loss and without requiring many different types of structure.
  • a light output device comprising: a substrate arrangement; at least one light source within the substrate arrangement and having a light output which is at least partially directed laterally within the substrate arrangement; and an arrangement of passive light source elements forming part of the substrate arrangement, for projecting output light in response to the light source output, wherein the at least one light source and the passive light source elements are adapted to project at least two different colours at different output regions of the device, thereby to generate a multi-colour image, or to project at least two different colours at different output directions, thereby to generate different colour effects from different viewing positions.
  • This arrangement enables a single design of light source to be used, and passive light source elements (i.e. not being electrically driven) are used to generate different colour outputs or viewing direction-dependent colours.
  • One light source is preferably used to cause multiple passive light source elements in the vicinity to project output light.
  • the passive light source elements may comprise luminescent elements, with luminescent light output.
  • the light source can comprise a UV light source or a blue-violet light source.
  • the use of luminescent elements enables different colour outputs to be provided at different locations, and with illumination from a single type of light source.
  • the luminescent elements can comprise organic and inorganic luminescent and phosphorescent particles which can have any shape and dimension.
  • the passive light source elements can comprise light reflecting particles. These can be distributed with a random orientation or with selected orientations.
  • the reflecting particles can be used as virtual passive light sources. This enables a device with many effective light sources to be created with a reduced number of active light source elements.
  • the reflecting particles can also have colour-dependent reflection characteristics, so that again different colours can be output from different parts of the device, or in different directions.
  • the reflecting particles can also have dynamic electrically controllable orientation.
  • the orientation of the particles can also be controlled by other means such as by a magnetic field or heat.
  • the passive light source elements can have angular-dependent light output colour.
  • dichroic mirrors or layers with a grating structure can be used to selectively reflect light of certain colours, and to pass light of other colours at particular angles.
  • the substrate arrangement preferably comprises first and second substrates, and the passive light source elements and the light source are sandwiched between the substrates.
  • the passive light source elements can be embedded within a resin layer between the substrates.
  • the device preferably has an electrode arrangement provided within the substrate arrangement and comprising at least semi-transparent electrodes, wherein the at least one light source (preferably an array of light sources) is electrically driven by the electrodes.
  • Each light source can comprise an LED device or a group of LED devices.
  • the invention also provides a method of providing a light output comprising: generating a light source output from at least one light source which is within a substrate arrangement of a light output device, the light source output being at least partially directed laterally within the substrate arrangement; and - using the light source output to illuminate an arrangement of passive light source elements within the substrate arrangement, such that the at least one light source and the passive light source elements project output light with at least two different colours at different output regions of the device, thereby generating a multi-colour image, or with at least two different colours at different output directions, thereby generating different colour effects from different viewing positions.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a known LED in glass illumination device
  • Figure 2 schematically shows an example of the structure of the device of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a first example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a second example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a third example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 6 schematically shows a fourth example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a fifth example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 8 schematically shows how the particles are fixed in position by a UV curing process
  • Figure 9 schematically shows how angle dependent viewing effects are obtained
  • Figure 10 schematically shows a sixth example of light output device of the invention.
  • Figure 11 schematically shows a seventh example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 12 schematically shows an eighth example of light output device of the invention
  • Figure 13 schematically shows a ninth example of light output device of the invention.
  • Figure 14 schematically shows how patterns can be created using the approach of Figure 13.
  • FIG 15 schematically shows different ways of positioning the passive light sources of Figure 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows a known LED in glass structure.
  • the light output device comprises glass plates 1 and 2. Between the glass plates are (semi-) transparent electrodes 3 a and 3b (for example formed using ITO or thin conductive wires), and an LED 4 connected to the transparent electrodes 3a and 3b.
  • a layer of thermoplastic material 5 is provided between glass plates 1 and 2 (for example PVB or UV curable resin).
  • the electrodes are preferably substantially transparent, by which is meant that they are imperceptible to a viewer in normal use of the device. If the conductor arrangement does not introduce a noticeable variation in light transmission (for example because it is not patterned, or because the pattern cannot be seen), a transparency of greater than or equal to 50% may be sufficient for the system to appear transparent. More preferably, the transparency is greater than 70%, more preferably 90%, and even more preferably 99%. If the conductor arrangement is patterned (for example because thin wires are used), the transparency is preferably greater than 80%, more preferably 90%, but most preferably greater than 99%.
  • the electrodes can be made of a transparent material such as ITO or they can be made of an opaque material such as copper but be sufficiently thin so that they are not visible in normal use. Examples of suitable materials are disclosed in US-A-5 218 351.
  • a particularly useful opaque conductive material may be a conductive ink deposited using silkscreen or inkjet printing, because this allows the conductor arrangement to be deposited in a cost-effective manner.
  • the glass plates typically may have a thickness of 1. lmm - 2.1 mm.
  • the spacing between electrode is typically 0.01 - 3 mm, for example around 0.15 mm.
  • the thermoplastic layer has a thickness of 0.5mm- 2mm, and the electrical resistance of the electrodes is in the range 1 - 80 Ohm, or 1-50 Ohm or more preferably 2-20 Ohm, or 10-30 Ohms/square.
  • the invention provides a light output device in which a light source within the structure of the substrate arrangement has a light output which is generally directed laterally within the substrate arrangement. This light is used to illuminate an arrangement of passive light source elements forming part of the structure of the substrate arrangement thereby to project output light. This enables different lighting effects to be implemented based on the passive light source elements.
  • the passive light source elements are not electrically driven to emit light, but they redirect light or convert light from the light source - for example by reflection, refraction/diffraction or show emission such as luminescence and phosphorescence.
  • Figure 3 shows a first example of the light output device of the invention.
  • the substrate arrangement again comprises first and second substrates 1,2, with an array of LEDs 4 (only one is shown in the top part of Figure 3 in cross section, and a 2x2 array is shown in plan view in the bottom part of Figure 3).
  • the electrode arrangement is not shown to make the diagrams simpler.
  • the light source 4 is within the structure of the substrate arrangement as in the example of Figure 2, but has a light output which is generally directed laterally within the substrate arrangement. This can be achieved by providing the side emitting LED (for example a chip with a reflecting top coating) so that light can only escape laterally.
  • An arrangement of passive light source elements 6 is provided within the structure of the substrate arrangement. In the example of Figure 3, the passive light source elements 6 comprise luminescent elements, and they emit light in response to stimulation by the LED output.
  • the LED comprises for example a UV light source or a blue- violet light source, and the luminescent elements can provide the desired light output which can be white light or light of any other desired colour.
  • the luminescent elements 6 can comprise luminescent particles dispersed in the resin 5 used for laminating the substrates together.
  • the luminescent elements comprise luminescent ceramic elements, and as shown in the lower part of Figure 4, a regular pattern can be provided.
  • This arrangement can be used to provide different colour outputs from the top and bottom surfaces of the device. This can be achieved by mounting the luminescent elements against both substrates, with one set of luminescent elements providing an output through one substrate, and the another set of luminescent elements providing an output through the other substrate.
  • the luminescent elements 6 have only one colour, so that the device as a whole has two output colours, if part of the light output from the (active) light source is also able to escape from the substrate arrangement.
  • the active light sources 4 give rise to one colour output and the passive light sources 6 give rise to a another colour output.
  • decorative effects can be created by shaping the luminescent particles into desired patterns
  • Figure 5 shows two passive light source elements 6a and 6b with different luminescent colours
  • Figure 6 shows decorative effects created by producing luminescent areas with desired patterns, and again materials emitting different colours can also be used.
  • the "passive" light sources are luminescent elements. However, some of these benefits can be obtained based on reflection or diffraction.
  • Figure 7 shows light reflecting particles 10 such as flakes or glitter, again embedded in the resin layer and using a side-illuminating LED 4.
  • Figure 8 shows a method for fixing their orientation of the particles permanently as shown in Figure 8 A, by the UV curing process of Figure 8B.
  • the random orientation provides angle dependent viewing effects as shown in Figure 9, and this is considered desirable for some decorative lighting applications.
  • the left image in Figure 9 shows the 0 degree (normal) viewing direction.
  • the middle image shows a 35 degree viewing angle, and the right image shows a 70 degree viewing angle.
  • the observer can experience specular reflection of light (which can be coloured ) from different particles.
  • various diffraction colours at different angles can be experienced from diffracting particles.
  • the particles can be oriented by external stimuli, such as an electric or magnetic field, during the solidification step of Figure 8B.
  • the particles 10 can be specular reflective, diffuse reflective or a combination of these. They may also be partially transparent, for example a thin layer of aluminium (less than 50nm) is partially reflective and partially transparent.
  • Colour effects can also be implemented using reflection, by using colour-dependent reflection characteristics as will be described below using layers with grating structures as well as multilayer structures or cholesteric flakes. Particles can be selected that reflect only one colour while being transparent for other colours, so that the particles act as colour filters.
  • the reflecting particles 10 act as colour point light sources, and they can be oriented to direct different colours to different directions.
  • R denotes red light
  • G denotes green light
  • B denotes blue light.
  • the flakes can be aligned using an external stimuli such as electric and magnetic fields. By applying a field in different directions, it is possible to induce a desired orientation of the flakes.
  • the orientation of the flakes can be fixed upon polymerization of the resin.
  • Figure 11 shows that the reflecting particles do not have to be fixed, but can be movable.
  • a liquid is used instead of a laminate.
  • the flakes create dynamic lighting effects due to reorientations of the flakes.
  • a density match can be achieved by using metallic flakes with a non-metallic layer (e.g. polymer) and a suitable liquid. Controlling the orientation of the flakes and thus the dynamic effects can be achieved by using an applied electric field.
  • An electrode arrangement is shown for controlling the orientation of the particles 10 to give a change in output direction as shown by arrows 12.
  • the flakes can be aligned in a specific orientation.
  • the driving characteristics may be varied over the device in order to achieve different flake orientations.
  • Figure 11 shows one possible electrode configuration of in-plane electrodes of alternating polarity, but other electrode configurations can be used as well.
  • Figure 12 shows how diffraction can be used to out-couple light from the substrate.
  • the structure 16 uses diffraction to direct different colours in different output directions.
  • the structure 16 is provided on top of the substrate 1.
  • Various methods of manufacturing can be used in order to produce these structures including embossing, imprinting, lithography and holography. It is also possible to laminate pieces having the desired structure on top of the substrate of the LED in glass structure.
  • the wavelength-angular dependent properties can be tuned.
  • the structure 16 can be implemented as one or more multilayer structures, cholesteric material and photonic crystal structures which provide angular dependent wavelength reflection effects.
  • Multilayer structures have the advantage of low absorption, long life time, temperature and light stable and can be easily fabricated.
  • Multilayer structures can be produced by coating a substrate with layers of a different refractive index.
  • the refractive index variation in the layer induces a reflection band.
  • the position of the reflection band shows an angular dependence.
  • Such layers can also be produced by extrusion of multilayer polymer films.
  • cholesteric liquid crystal flakes can also be used for this purpose.
  • Such films are made of so-called self organizing liquid crystals, which can be cross-linked polymers or vitrified linear polymers.
  • the wavelength-angular dependent properties can be tuned.
  • periodic 3-D structures can be used.
  • These structures can be combined with light out-coupling structures to extract light out of the LEDs in glass light output device.
  • Figure 13 shows the structures 16 implemented using dichroic mirrors (to function as wavelength filters) 18,20 and light out-coupling structures or layers in the form of a grating or diffuser.
  • the LED in glass lighting device may be completely covered by the structures or layers (Figure 14A), partly covered (Figure 14B), or patterned with wavelength-angular dependent structures (Figure 14C).
  • the structures can be used to form patterned logos or text.
  • the structures or layers 16 can be positioned at the outer side of the LEDs in glass device substrate ( Figure 15 A, at the inside ( Figure 15B) or both ( Figure 15C).
  • Scratch resistant materials or additional coatings might be used.
  • the structures can be produced with sol-gel materials.
  • the structures and layers can be included in LEDs in glass to show angular dependent lighting effects, which enhance the decorative appearance of the panels.
  • the invention is of particular interest for signage, decorative lighting such as lamps, windows, architectural glass, and secrecy windows, although other applications are possible, such as furniture and other decorative items.
  • multi-coloured image means an output from the device which includes at least two different colours which are substantially independently provided at different locations of the output surface so that the at least two colours can be separately recognised by the viewer at the different locations of the output surface.
  • different colour effects from different viewing positions is intended to mean that a different overall colour impression is seen by the viewer from different viewing positions.
  • the detailed examples above use LED light sources, but the invention can be applied to other light sources.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Planar Illumination Modules (AREA)

Abstract

Alight output device comprises a substrate arrangement(1,2), at least one light source (4) within the substrate arrangement and having a light output which is generally directed laterally within the substrate arrangement and an arrangement of passive light source elements(6;10). The passive light source elements (6;10) formpart ofthe substrate arrangement, for illumination by the light source output, and in response to project output light. Different colours are provided at different output regions of the device, generating a multi-colour image, or at different output directions, thereby generating different colour effects from different viewing positions.

Description

LIGHT OUTPUT DEVICE WITH FLUORESCENT OR REFLECTIVE PARTICLES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to light output devices, particularly but not exclusively using discrete light sources associated with a transparent substrate structure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
One known example of this type of light output device is a so-called "LED in glass" device. An example is shown in Figure 1. Typically a glass plate is used, with a transparent conductive coating (for example ITO) forming electrodes. The conductive coating is patterned in order to make the electrodes that are connected to a semiconductor LED device. The assembly is completed by laminating the glass, with the LEDs inside a thermoplastic layer (for example polyvinyl butyral, PVB).
Applications of this type of device are shelves, showcases, facades, office partitions, wall cladding, and decorative lighting. The light output device can be used for illumination of other objects, for display of an image, or simply for decorative purposes. In current products, the LEDs are white light sources. In order to generate a colour output, one possibility is to provide the LEDs with colour filters, so that each generates a desired colour. However, using LEDs with colour filters is inefficient because a significant amount of light is lost. Another possibility is to use different types of LED for different colour outputs. However, such LEDs have different voltage-current characteristics, so that they need to be addressed in groups or individually. Thus, an efficient way of generating more than one colour output is desired, with low light loss and without requiring many different types of structure.
It is also desirable in some applications to have angular dependent illumination effects, and this is also difficult to implement with existing technology.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a light output device comprising: a substrate arrangement; at least one light source within the substrate arrangement and having a light output which is at least partially directed laterally within the substrate arrangement; and an arrangement of passive light source elements forming part of the substrate arrangement, for projecting output light in response to the light source output, wherein the at least one light source and the passive light source elements are adapted to project at least two different colours at different output regions of the device, thereby to generate a multi-colour image, or to project at least two different colours at different output directions, thereby to generate different colour effects from different viewing positions. This arrangement enables a single design of light source to be used, and passive light source elements (i.e. not being electrically driven) are used to generate different colour outputs or viewing direction-dependent colours. One light source is preferably used to cause multiple passive light source elements in the vicinity to project output light.
The passive light source elements may comprise luminescent elements, with luminescent light output. In this case, the light source can comprise a UV light source or a blue-violet light source.
The use of luminescent elements enables different colour outputs to be provided at different locations, and with illumination from a single type of light source. The luminescent elements can comprise organic and inorganic luminescent and phosphorescent particles which can have any shape and dimension.
In an alternative arrangement, the passive light source elements can comprise light reflecting particles. These can be distributed with a random orientation or with selected orientations.
The reflecting particles can be used as virtual passive light sources. This enables a device with many effective light sources to be created with a reduced number of active light source elements.
The reflecting particles can also have colour-dependent reflection characteristics, so that again different colours can be output from different parts of the device, or in different directions. The reflecting particles can also have dynamic electrically controllable orientation. The orientation of the particles can also be controlled by other means such as by a magnetic field or heat.
In a further alternative arrangement, the passive light source elements can have angular-dependent light output colour. For example, dichroic mirrors or layers with a grating structure can be used to selectively reflect light of certain colours, and to pass light of other colours at particular angles.
In all cases, the substrate arrangement preferably comprises first and second substrates, and the passive light source elements and the light source are sandwiched between the substrates. The passive light source elements can be embedded within a resin layer between the substrates.
The device preferably has an electrode arrangement provided within the substrate arrangement and comprising at least semi-transparent electrodes, wherein the at least one light source (preferably an array of light sources) is electrically driven by the electrodes. Each light source can comprise an LED device or a group of LED devices.
The invention also provides a method of providing a light output comprising: generating a light source output from at least one light source which is within a substrate arrangement of a light output device, the light source output being at least partially directed laterally within the substrate arrangement; and - using the light source output to illuminate an arrangement of passive light source elements within the substrate arrangement, such that the at least one light source and the passive light source elements project output light with at least two different colours at different output regions of the device, thereby generating a multi-colour image, or with at least two different colours at different output directions, thereby generating different colour effects from different viewing positions.
It is noted that the invention relates to all possible combinations of features recited in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Examples of the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 schematically shows a known LED in glass illumination device; Figure 2 schematically shows an example of the structure of the device of Figure 1; Figure 3 schematically shows a first example of light output device of the invention;
Figure 4 schematically shows a second example of light output device of the invention; Figure 5 schematically shows a third example of light output device of the invention;
Figure 6 schematically shows a fourth example of light output device of the invention; Figure 7 schematically shows a fifth example of light output device of the invention;
Figure 8 schematically shows how the particles are fixed in position by a UV curing process;
Figure 9 schematically shows how angle dependent viewing effects are obtained;
Figure 10 schematically shows a sixth example of light output device of the invention;
Figure 11 schematically shows a seventh example of light output device of the invention; Figure 12 schematically shows an eighth example of light output device of the invention;
Figure 13 schematically shows a ninth example of light output device of the invention;
Figure 14 schematically shows how patterns can be created using the approach of Figure 13; and
Figure 15 schematically shows different ways of positioning the passive light sources of Figure 12.
The same reference numerals are used to denote similar parts throughout the Figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Figure 2 shows a known LED in glass structure. The light output device comprises glass plates 1 and 2. Between the glass plates are (semi-) transparent electrodes 3 a and 3b (for example formed using ITO or thin conductive wires), and an LED 4 connected to the transparent electrodes 3a and 3b. A layer of thermoplastic material 5 is provided between glass plates 1 and 2 (for example PVB or UV curable resin).
When transparent electrodes are used, they are not visible to the viewer, and they do not introduce non-uniformities to the light output. The electrodes are preferably substantially transparent, by which is meant that they are imperceptible to a viewer in normal use of the device. If the conductor arrangement does not introduce a noticeable variation in light transmission (for example because it is not patterned, or because the pattern cannot be seen), a transparency of greater than or equal to 50% may be sufficient for the system to appear transparent. More preferably, the transparency is greater than 70%, more preferably 90%, and even more preferably 99%. If the conductor arrangement is patterned (for example because thin wires are used), the transparency is preferably greater than 80%, more preferably 90%, but most preferably greater than 99%. The electrodes can be made of a transparent material such as ITO or they can be made of an opaque material such as copper but be sufficiently thin so that they are not visible in normal use. Examples of suitable materials are disclosed in US-A-5 218 351.
A particularly useful opaque conductive material may be a conductive ink deposited using silkscreen or inkjet printing, because this allows the conductor arrangement to be deposited in a cost-effective manner.
The glass plates typically may have a thickness of 1. lmm - 2.1 mm. The spacing between electrode is typically 0.01 - 3 mm, for example around 0.15 mm. The thermoplastic layer has a thickness of 0.5mm- 2mm, and the electrical resistance of the electrodes is in the range 1 - 80 Ohm, or 1-50 Ohm or more preferably 2-20 Ohm, or 10-30 Ohms/square.
The invention provides a light output device in which a light source within the structure of the substrate arrangement has a light output which is generally directed laterally within the substrate arrangement. This light is used to illuminate an arrangement of passive light source elements forming part of the structure of the substrate arrangement thereby to project output light. This enables different lighting effects to be implemented based on the passive light source elements. The passive light source elements are not electrically driven to emit light, but they redirect light or convert light from the light source - for example by reflection, refraction/diffraction or show emission such as luminescence and phosphorescence. Figure 3 shows a first example of the light output device of the invention.
The substrate arrangement again comprises first and second substrates 1,2, with an array of LEDs 4 (only one is shown in the top part of Figure 3 in cross section, and a 2x2 array is shown in plan view in the bottom part of Figure 3). The electrode arrangement is not shown to make the diagrams simpler. The light source 4 is within the structure of the substrate arrangement as in the example of Figure 2, but has a light output which is generally directed laterally within the substrate arrangement. This can be achieved by providing the side emitting LED (for example a chip with a reflecting top coating) so that light can only escape laterally. An arrangement of passive light source elements 6 is provided within the structure of the substrate arrangement. In the example of Figure 3, the passive light source elements 6 comprise luminescent elements, and they emit light in response to stimulation by the LED output.
The LED comprises for example a UV light source or a blue- violet light source, and the luminescent elements can provide the desired light output which can be white light or light of any other desired colour.
The luminescent elements 6 can comprise luminescent particles dispersed in the resin 5 used for laminating the substrates together.
In the example of Figure 4, the luminescent elements comprise luminescent ceramic elements, and as shown in the lower part of Figure 4, a regular pattern can be provided.
This arrangement can be used to provide different colour outputs from the top and bottom surfaces of the device. This can be achieved by mounting the luminescent elements against both substrates, with one set of luminescent elements providing an output through one substrate, and the another set of luminescent elements providing an output through the other substrate.
In the simplest example, the luminescent elements 6 have only one colour, so that the device as a whole has two output colours, if part of the light output from the (active) light source is also able to escape from the substrate arrangement. The active light sources 4 give rise to one colour output and the passive light sources 6 give rise to a another colour output.
As shown in Figure 5, decorative effects can be created by shaping the luminescent particles into desired patterns, and Figure 5 shows two passive light source elements 6a and 6b with different luminescent colours. Figure 6 shows decorative effects created by producing luminescent areas with desired patterns, and again materials emitting different colours can also be used.
In the examples above, the "passive" light sources are luminescent elements. However, some of these benefits can be obtained based on reflection or diffraction. Figure 7 shows light reflecting particles 10 such as flakes or glitter, again embedded in the resin layer and using a side-illuminating LED 4.
In Figure 7, the particles 10 have random orientation.
Figure 8 shows a method for fixing their orientation of the particles permanently as shown in Figure 8 A, by the UV curing process of Figure 8B.
The random orientation provides angle dependent viewing effects as shown in Figure 9, and this is considered desirable for some decorative lighting applications.
The left image in Figure 9 shows the 0 degree (normal) viewing direction. The middle image shows a 35 degree viewing angle, and the right image shows a 70 degree viewing angle. At these different angles, the observer can experience specular reflection of light (which can be coloured ) from different particles. In the same way, various diffraction colours at different angles can be experienced from diffracting particles.
Instead of using a random orientation, the particles can be oriented by external stimuli, such as an electric or magnetic field, during the solidification step of Figure 8B. The particles 10 can be specular reflective, diffuse reflective or a combination of these. They may also be partially transparent, for example a thin layer of aluminium (less than 50nm) is partially reflective and partially transparent.
Colour effects can also be implemented using reflection, by using colour- dependent reflection characteristics as will be described below using layers with grating structures as well as multilayer structures or cholesteric flakes. Particles can be selected that reflect only one colour while being transparent for other colours, so that the particles act as colour filters.
As shown in Figure 10, the reflecting particles 10 act as colour point light sources, and they can be oriented to direct different colours to different directions. In Figure 10 (and Figures 12 and 13), R denotes red light, G denotes green light and B denotes blue light.
The flakes can be aligned using an external stimuli such as electric and magnetic fields. By applying a field in different directions, it is possible to induce a desired orientation of the flakes. The orientation of the flakes can be fixed upon polymerization of the resin.
Figure 11 shows that the reflecting particles do not have to be fixed, but can be movable. In this case, a liquid is used instead of a laminate. In this way, the flakes create dynamic lighting effects due to reorientations of the flakes. For this application, it is important that the flakes have a density comparable with the density of the liquid. A density match can be achieved by using metallic flakes with a non-metallic layer (e.g. polymer) and a suitable liquid. Controlling the orientation of the flakes and thus the dynamic effects can be achieved by using an applied electric field.
An electrode arrangement is shown for controlling the orientation of the particles 10 to give a change in output direction as shown by arrows 12. In such an application, it is also possible to use compartments in which the flakes are dispersed. Depending on the driving characteristics, the flakes can be aligned in a specific orientation. The driving characteristics may be varied over the device in order to achieve different flake orientations. Figure 11 shows one possible electrode configuration of in-plane electrodes of alternating polarity, but other electrode configurations can be used as well.
The examples above use luminescence or reflection to provide the "passive" light source output. An alternative is to use periodic structures which have angle dependent wavelength reflection and diffraction effects. This can be used to provide different colour outputs at different viewing positions, for example the different viewing positions of Figure 9.
Figure 12 shows how diffraction can be used to out-couple light from the substrate. The structure 16 uses diffraction to direct different colours in different output directions. The structure 16 is provided on top of the substrate 1. Various methods of manufacturing can be used in order to produce these structures including embossing, imprinting, lithography and holography. It is also possible to laminate pieces having the desired structure on top of the substrate of the LED in glass structure.
By varying the dimensions of the structures (e.g. pitch) or the material properties of the structures (i.e. refractive index), the wavelength-angular dependent properties can be tuned.
The structure 16 can be implemented as one or more multilayer structures, cholesteric material and photonic crystal structures which provide angular dependent wavelength reflection effects. Multilayer structures have the advantage of low absorption, long life time, temperature and light stable and can be easily fabricated.
Multilayer structures can be produced by coating a substrate with layers of a different refractive index. The refractive index variation in the layer induces a reflection band. The position of the reflection band shows an angular dependence. Such layers can also be produced by extrusion of multilayer polymer films. In a similar fashion, cholesteric liquid crystal flakes can also be used for this purpose. Such films are made of so-called self organizing liquid crystals, which can be cross-linked polymers or vitrified linear polymers.
By controlling the thickness of the individual layers and their refractive indices, the wavelength-angular dependent properties can be tuned. In the case of 3-D photonic crystals, periodic 3-D structures can be used.
These structures can be combined with light out-coupling structures to extract light out of the LEDs in glass light output device.
Figure 13 shows the structures 16 implemented using dichroic mirrors (to function as wavelength filters) 18,20 and light out-coupling structures or layers in the form of a grating or diffuser.
The LED in glass lighting device may be completely covered by the structures or layers (Figure 14A), partly covered (Figure 14B), or patterned with wavelength-angular dependent structures (Figure 14C). For example, the structures can be used to form patterned logos or text. The structures or layers 16 can be positioned at the outer side of the LEDs in glass device substrate (Figure 15 A, at the inside (Figure 15B) or both (Figure 15C).
Scratch resistant materials or additional coatings might be used. For instance, the structures can be produced with sol-gel materials.
The structures and layers can be included in LEDs in glass to show angular dependent lighting effects, which enhance the decorative appearance of the panels. The invention is of particular interest for signage, decorative lighting such as lamps, windows, architectural glass, and secrecy windows, although other applications are possible, such as furniture and other decorative items.
In the text above, the term multi-coloured image means an output from the device which includes at least two different colours which are substantially independently provided at different locations of the output surface so that the at least two colours can be separately recognised by the viewer at the different locations of the output surface. Similarly, different colour effects from different viewing positions is intended to mean that a different overall colour impression is seen by the viewer from different viewing positions. The detailed examples above use LED light sources, but the invention can be applied to other light sources.
Various other possibilities are within the scope of the various aspects of the invention, as defined by the attached claims.
Various other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Claims

CLAIMS:
1. A light output device comprising: a substrate arrangement (1,2); at least one light source (4) within the substrate arrangement (1,2) and having a light output which is at least partially directed laterally within the substrate arrangement (1,2); and an arrangement of passive light source elements (6; 10) forming part of the substrate arrangement (1,2), for projecting output light in response to the light source output, wherein the at least one light source (4) and the passive light source elements (6; 10) are adapted to project at least two different colours at different output regions of the device, thereby to generate a multi-colour image, or to project at least two different colours at different output directions, thereby to generate different colour effects from different viewing positions.
2. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) comprise luminescent elements (6).
3. A device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the light source (4) comprises a UV light source or a blue- violet light source.
4. A device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the luminescent elements (6) comprise luminescent particles or dyes.
5. A device as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the luminescent elements (6) are in the form of rods and/or flakes.
6. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the passive light source elements (6;10) comprise light reflecting particles (10).
7. A device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the reflecting particles (10) have colour-dependent reflection characteristics.
8. A device as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein the particles (10) comprise cholesteric members and/or diffractive structures (16).
9. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) have electrically controllable orientation.
10. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) are distributed with a random orientation.
11. A device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) are distributed with selected orientations.
12. A device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) have angular dependent light output colour.
13. A device as claimed in claim 12, wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) comprise multilayer structures and/or cholesteric members and/or diffractive structures.
14. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the substrate arrangement (1,2) comprises first (1) and second (2) substrates, and the passive light source elements (6; 10) and the at least one light source (4) are sandwiched between the substrates (1,2).
15. A device as claimed in claim 14, comprising an insulating layer (5) between the first and second substrates (1,2), wherein the passive light source elements (6; 10) are embedded within the insulating layer (5).
16. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising: an electrode arrangement (3a,3b) provided within the substrate arrangement (1,2) and comprising at least semi-transparent electrodes, wherein the at least one light source (4) is electrically driven by the electrodes (3a,3b).
17. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising an array of light sources (4).
18. A device as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the light source (4) comprises an LED device or a group of LED devices.
19. A method of providing a light output comprising: - generating a light source output from at least one light source (4) which is within a substrate arrangement (1,2) of a light output device, the light source output being at least partially directed laterally within the substrate arrangement (1,2); and using the light source output to illuminate an arrangement of passive light source elements (6; 10) within the substrate arrangement (1,2), such that the at least one light source (4) and the passive light source elements (6; 10) project output light with at least two different colours at different output regions of the device, thereby generating a multi-colour image, or with at least two different colours at different output directions, thereby generating different colour effects from different viewing positions.
PCT/IB2009/050018 2008-01-08 2009-01-06 Light output device with fluorescent or reflective particles WO2009087586A1 (en)

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