WO2009083704A1 - Éolienne montée sur un toit à pans inclinés avec une région tronquée - Google Patents

Éolienne montée sur un toit à pans inclinés avec une région tronquée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009083704A1
WO2009083704A1 PCT/GB2008/000008 GB2008000008W WO2009083704A1 WO 2009083704 A1 WO2009083704 A1 WO 2009083704A1 GB 2008000008 W GB2008000008 W GB 2008000008W WO 2009083704 A1 WO2009083704 A1 WO 2009083704A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
roof structure
rotor
pitched roof
truncated region
truncated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/000008
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Stephen Foster
Kenneth Morris
Original Assignee
Stephen Foster
Kenneth Morris
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stephen Foster, Kenneth Morris filed Critical Stephen Foster
Priority to PCT/GB2008/000008 priority Critical patent/WO2009083704A1/fr
Publication of WO2009083704A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009083704A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/40—Slabs or sheets locally modified for auxiliary purposes, e.g. for resting on walls, for serving as guttering; Elements for particular purposes, e.g. ridge elements, specially designed for use in conjunction with slabs or sheets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
    • H02S10/10—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power including a supplementary source of electric power, e.g. hybrid diesel-PV energy systems
    • H02S10/12—Hybrid wind-PV energy systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/30—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles
    • E04D2001/304—Special roof-covering elements, e.g. ridge tiles, gutter tiles, gable tiles, ventilation tiles at roof intersections, e.g. valley tiles, ridge tiles
    • E04D2001/305—Ridge or hip tiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
    • F05B2240/9112—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose which is a building
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/70—Shape
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wind turbines, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to methods and apparatus for mounting a wind turbine on the roof of a building.
  • the invention also relates to roof structures incorporating wind turbines.
  • Wind power is a known source of renewable energy. Indeed, large scale wind farms are becoming an increasingly common feature throughout the developed world. More recently, there has been a move towards the use of smaller wind turbines, sometimes referred to as micro-wind turbines, in the domestic or urban environment.
  • micro-wind turbines available on the market are 'propeller' type turbines intended to be mounted on a pole or post at an elevated position on a building. However, they are invariably mounted on the brickwork of the building and are known to suffer from a number of disadvantages, such as instability in high wind conditions (with the potential to cause structural damage), low power output and noise pollution.
  • a building having a pitched roof structure of generally truncated form, wherein the pitched roof structure defines a truncated region extending between opposing inclined roof surfaces, and a wind turbine is arranged at said truncated region.
  • the wind turbine preferably includes a 'windmill' or propeller type horizontal axis rotor having radial blades defining a face of the rotor, otherwise referred to herein as the rotor plane.
  • the blades may be of plane or aerodynamic shape, and are preferably arranged to be driven by an air stream generally normal to the rotor plane.
  • the rotor is preferably supported by a post or stanchion.
  • the wind turbine is arranged for generating electrical energy, e.g. wherein a rotor is arranged to drive an electrical generator.
  • the wind turbine includes a rotor which is mounted on the shaft of an electrical power generator in a generally conventional manner, for converting rotation of the rotor into electrical energy.
  • a method of modifying a pitched roof structure to incorporate a wind power assembly comprising the steps of removing the crown of a section of pitched roof structure to form a truncated region between opposing inclined roof surfaces, and providing a wind turbine, preferably including a propeller type horizontal axis rotor, at said truncated region.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a method of modifying a pitched roof structure to incorporate a wind power assembly, comprising the steps of truncating a section of pitched roof structure having opposing inclined roof surfaces, and providing a wind turbine, preferably including a propeller type horizontal axis rotor, at a truncated region formed between the opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • a still further aspect of the invention provides a truncated pitched roof structure having opposing inclined roof surfaces and a wind turbine, preferably including a propeller type horizontal axis rotor, at a truncated region between said inclined roof surfaces.
  • Yet another aspect of the invention provides a method of constructing a truncated pitched roof structure incorporating a wind power assembly, the method including the steps of providing a roof having opposing inclined roof surfaces, and providing a wind turbine, preferably including a propeller type horizontal axis rotor, at a truncated region formed between the opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • a plurality of wind turbines may be incorporated at the truncated region.
  • the truncated regions referred to above are distinct from a channel or recess type formation (e.g. having one or more end walls) formed across the ridge line of a roof, such as those described and illustrated in GB0713903.3. In each aspect of the invention, it is preferred if the truncated region extends along the length of the pitched roof structure.
  • the truncated region is formed by removal of the apex or crown of an existing pitched roof structure.
  • a conventional apex or crown is omitted as part of the original construction phase, e.g. specifically for the purpose of incorporating one or more wind turbines extending from a truncated region between opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • the supporting roof structure is in the form of a truncated triangle in cross-section, e.g. wherein the apex of the triangle is removed or omitted, so as to define a flat transition region extending between opposing inclined roof members.
  • the truncated region may include a generally plane upper surface. However, an outwardly curved or convex profile may assist the flow of wind over the truncated region towards the wind turbine.
  • the truncated region is preferably of generally horizontal attitude, e.g. wherein two opposing inclined surfaces terminate at the same height.
  • the truncated region may define a generally inclined plane, e.g. wherein the termination of a first inclined surface is higher than the termination of a second inclined surface, such that the truncated region extends downwards from the first inclined surface to the second inclined surface.
  • the rotor plane may be arranged in a generally vertical orientation. However, in preferred embodiments, the rotor plane is angled, e.g. so as to face down an inclined surface of the roof structure. Such inclined arrangements have been found to increase power generation.
  • the angle of inclination of the rotor plane should not exceed a position in which the rotor plane is orthogonal to the inclined roof surface down which the rotor plane is facing.
  • the angle of inclination of the rotor plane is preferably at least 5 degrees from vertical, and an angle of between 5 degrees and 20 degrees may be typical, e.g. 10 degrees or 15 degrees. However, an angle in the range of 1 to 5 degrees from vertical or in excess of 20 degrees may also be applicable.
  • the plane of the rotor is preferably movable about a generally vertical axis, e.g. so as to be movable to face a prevailing wind direction and thereby increase the potential for wind capture.
  • the angle of inclination of the rotor plane may be arranged to vary during movement of the rotor about said vertical axis, e.g. so as to generally arc or sweep between a minimal degree of inclination (or a vertical orientation) when the rotor plane is facing along the ridge line of a roof and a maximum degree of inclination when the rotor plane is turned to face directly down an inclined surface of the roof.
  • One or both ends of the truncated region may be profiled so as to reduce turbulence, for example at a gable end of the roof structure. Vibration and resonance effects produced by operation of the wind turbine may be reduced or eliminated using damping means, e.g. damping material arranged to impede the transmission of vibrations from the wind turbine to the supporting roof structure.
  • damping means e.g. damping material arranged to impede the transmission of vibrations from the wind turbine to the supporting roof structure.
  • the truncated region may support or be formed from photovoltaic cells, e.g. one or more flat panels extending over the whole or part of the truncated region, to generate additional electrical energy from sunlight.
  • the cells may have a curved upper profile, e.g. for assisting the passage of air over the truncated region in the direction of the wind turbine.
  • a building having a pitched roof structure of generally truncated form, wherein the pitched roof structure defines a truncated region extending between opposing inclined roof surfaces, the truncated region incorporating one or more photovoltaic cells extending across the whole or part of the truncated region.
  • the cells may have a curved profile, e.g. for assisting the passage of air over the truncated region.
  • a building having a pitched roof structure of generally truncated form, wherein the pitched roof structure defines a truncated region extending between opposing inclined roof surfaces, the truncated region incorporating one or more photovoltaic cells and one or more wind turbines, the wind turbines including propeller type horizontal axis rotors, wherein at least a lower portion of each rotor extends below an effective crown of the pitched roof structure, i.e. below a projected point of intersection of the opposing inclined surfaces.
  • the photovoltaic cells may have a curved profile, e.g. for assisting the passage of air over the truncated region in the direction of the wind turbine.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a building having a plurality of roof mounted wind turbines
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a wind turbine for use on the building of Figure l;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-section through an example mounting arrangement for a wind turbine for use on the building of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 4 is similar to Figure 3, but includes a different mounting arrangement
  • Figures 5 and 6 are schematic perspective views of examples of buildings having wind turbines mounted on various roof structures
  • Figure 7 is a schematic perspective view of one end of a truncated roof structure showing the ridge elements constructed from a series of tile or block segments;
  • Figure 8 shows a modified end section of a truncated roof structure
  • FIGS 9a to 9e show various other ridge structures for use in preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • a domestic house is indicated generally at 100.
  • the house 100 includes a pitched roof structure 102 having opposing inclined surfaces 104, 106.
  • the roof structure 102 is of generally truncated form, whereby the apex 108 of the roof structure 102 is below a projected point of intersection between the opposing surfaces 104, 106.
  • Wind turbines 112 are mounted along the apex 108, herein after referred to as the 'truncated region' 108, and extend from ridge elements 110 which provide a smooth transition across the truncated region 108.
  • the ridge elements 110 are distinct from conventional ridge tiles of the kind commonly used to cover the point of intersection between two or more opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • pitched roof structures in accordance with the present invention define an effective crown, namely a projected point of intersection of the opposing inclined roof surfaces, and the truncated region 108 spans between the opposing inclined roof surfaces 104, 106 at a level below the effective crown. The effect is to make it possible to locate the wind turbine 112 at a position in which the turbine may benefit from a flow of air moving up one of said inclined surfaces 104, 106.
  • the ridge elements 110 preferably have a convex or curved profile, for assisting the passage of air over the truncated region in the direction of the rotor blades.
  • the supporting roof structure will take the form of a truncated triangle in cross-section, e.g. wherein the apex of the triangle is removed or omitted, so as to define a transition region extending between opposing inclined roof members.
  • the supporting roof structure will be trapezoidal in cross-section, although the transition region need not be parallel to the basal edge of the roof structure in cross-section.
  • Each wind turbine 112 includes a propeller-type, horizontal axis rotor supported by a vertical stanchion 118. As can be seen most clearly from Figure 2, the illustrated rotors have five blades 114 fixedly mounted on a central cone or hub 116. Any number of blades of any suitable design could be used. Each rotor is connected to and drives an electrical generator 120, e.g. via a common shaft.
  • Each rotor is preferably rotatable about a vertical axis, so as to be movable to face an oncoming air stream.
  • a bearing assembly part of which is indicated at 122, is provided at the base of the stanchion 118, whereby the stanchion 118 is configured to be rotatable through at least 180°.
  • a small wind direction sensor 130 is preferably mounted adjacent the wind turbine 112, whereby the rotational direction of the sensor 130 is used to control the operative, position of the rotor, via a drive on the bearing assembly 122.
  • a tailfin 124 (e.g. as shown in Figure 4), incorporating a furling mechanism, well known to the art, may be provided on the turbine, to automatically turn the rotor to face an on-coming airstream in normal wind conditions and to align the rotor with the airstream in extreme wind conditions.
  • the bearing 122 could be incorporated at any position along the stanchion 118, for example at the top of the stanchion.
  • the plane of the rotor Whilst the plane of the rotor may be generally vertical, it is preferred if the plane of the rotor is arranged in an inclined manner, since it has been found that wind will tend to travel up along the pitch of the roof with increased velocity, and wind capture (and, hence, power output) is increased if the plane of the rotor is inclined towards the direction of travel of the wind moving along the roof surface.
  • the plane of the rotor is arranged in a conventional manner relative to the stanchion 118, but the stanchion 118 is arranged at an incline to vertical, so that the rotor faces down the inclined surface of the roof.
  • the inclination of the rotor plane may be achieved with the stanchion 118 in a substantially vertical orientation, but with the rotor supported so as to face down the inclined surface of the roof (e.g. as shown in Figure 4), or via a combination of inclined stanchion 118 and rotor inclined relative to the stanchion 118, for example.
  • a mechanism may be included to automatically change the angle of inclination of the stanchion or rotor during rotation of the rotor/stanchion about the vertical axis.
  • the plane of the rotor could be vertical for wind directions along the longitudinal axis of the roof and inclined from the vertical for other wind directions, e.g. for wind directions of between 30° and 90° to the longitudinal axis of the roof.
  • inventions may be applied to any roof geometry, provided that the roof has at least two opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show examples of alternative buildings incorporating at least one wind turbine 112 extending from a transition region between opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • the ridge elements 110 maybe of any cross-sectional shape, preferably having a smooth or continuous upper surface, to assist in permitting a smooth flow of air across the truncated region 108.
  • such elements 110 may be omitted or replaced with a series of tile or block segments, which together define a surface preferably approximating to a smooth or continuous upper surface, e.g. as indicated at 132 in Figure 7.
  • One or both ends of the truncated region 108 may be profiled so as to reduce turbulence at a gable end of the roof structure. Examples are shown in Figures 8 and 9, which utilise modified ridge elements 110 which curve in the direction of the gable end.
  • the degree of curvature of the upper surface defined by the ridge elements 110 in Figure 9(c) is shallower than in Figure 9(b).
  • This effect is preferably achieved using a plurality of ridge elements along the longitudinal axis of the roof which curve in the direction of the gable end (e.g. as illustrated in Figure 9(c), as opposed to the arrangement in Figure 9(b), wherein only the end ridge element is curved in the direction of the gable end.
  • the end of the truncated region has a generally domed profile, with curvature not only in the direction of the gable end, but also across the longitudinal axis of the roof.
  • This principle of curvature in more than one direction may be applied to the curved upper surfaces shown in Figures 9(b), 9(c) and 9(d).
  • the curved upper surface of the roof protrudes significantly beyond the gable end brick work, with the intention of reducing the effect of any upward turbulence from air hitting the gable end brick work.
  • An alternative version is shown in Figure 9(e). ,
  • Rotor diameter which is within or does not greatly exceed the effective thickness of the accelerated layer of wind referred to above.
  • Rotor diameters of between 0.5 metres and 2.2 metres are envisaged for domestic properties of average size and conventional pitched roof geometry. However, proportionately larger rotors may be useful for larger buildings of suitable structure and roof geometry.
  • the effective crown of the roof i.e. the projected point of intersection of the opposing inclined roof surfaces 104, 106 (if the roof was not truncated), is indicated at point X. At least a lower portion of the rotor is preferably located below point X. In addition, it may be preferred if an upper portion of the rotor extends above point X. In preferred embodiments, the distance 'd' of the effective crown above the transition between the opposing inclined surfaces is preferably between 0.05 and 0.95 times the diameter of the rotor.
  • wind turbines for roof applications can be incorporated into the pitched roof structures described herein, incorporating a wide variety of yaw and furling mechanisms to protect the turbine in high wind conditions.
  • the proposed methods of mounting allow the use of a range of other mechanisms for protecting the turbine from damage in extreme wind conditions, including manual operation from within the roof structure.
  • the wind turbine could be laid horizontally, with the rotor facing upwards, by means of a hinged joint incorporated at the base of the stanchion, and a mechanism for raising and lowering the turbine.
  • the ridge elements may be used to support, or may be formed from, a structure of photovoltaic solar cells, e.g. one or more solar panels extending over the whole or part of the truncated region, to generate additional electrical energy from sunlight.
  • the solar cells may have a curved profile, e.g. for assisting the passage of air over the truncated region in the direction of the wind turbine.
  • the rotors shown in the Figures are commonly referred to as 'up-wind' turbines, wherein the rotor is arranged in front of a generator and stanchion so as to face the wind, and preferably to face down the incline of the pitched structure.
  • 'up-wind' turbines wherein the rotor is arranged in front of a generator and stanchion so as to face the wind, and preferably to face down the incline of the pitched structure.
  • 'down-wind 1 turbines wherein the rotor is behind the stanchion and faces away from the direction of wind.
  • a building may be retro-fitted with a truncated region between opposing inclined roof surfaces, e.g. by removing the crown of a roof to form a transition region spanning between opposing inclined roof surfaces.
  • the roof may be initially constructed in such a way as to define the truncated region referred to above.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une structure de toit à pans inclinés de forme sensiblement tronquée qui présente une région tronquée s'étendant entre des surfaces de toit inclinées opposées. Une éolienne est supportée par un poteau au niveau de ladite région tronquée. L'éolienne comprend un rotor à axe horizontal du type hélice. La structure de toit forme un sommet effectif, à savoir un point d'intersection obtenu par projection à partir des surfaces de toit inclinées opposées. Au moins la partie inférieure du rotor s'étend au-dessous du sommet effectif. La région tronquée peut être continue sur la longueur de la structure de toit à pans incinés. La région tronquée peut supporter ou être formée de photopiles s'étendant sur la totalité ou une partie de la région tronquée, pour produire de l'énergie électrique supplémentaire à partir de la lumière du soleil.
PCT/GB2008/000008 2008-01-02 2008-01-02 Éolienne montée sur un toit à pans inclinés avec une région tronquée WO2009083704A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/GB2008/000008 WO2009083704A1 (fr) 2008-01-02 2008-01-02 Éolienne montée sur un toit à pans inclinés avec une région tronquée

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8196359B1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2012-06-12 American Home Energy Innovations, LLC. Wind turbine system
DE202019101053U1 (de) 2019-02-24 2019-03-14 Rüdiger Schloo Kleinstwindkraftanlagen auf Hausdächern

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2289766A1 (fr) * 1974-10-29 1976-05-28 Borthayre Jean Systeme et appareillage pour la captation et l'utilisation de l'energie du vent
BE897141A (fr) * 1983-06-27 1983-10-17 Lefebvre Henri Maisonnette transportable
DE20001636U1 (de) * 2000-01-31 2000-05-18 Krahmer Joern Windkraftanlage für Dächer zur Energiegewinnung
JP2002021705A (ja) * 2000-07-05 2002-01-23 Koji Iizuka 屋根設置用風車
US20020195989A1 (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-12-26 Masahiko Teramoto Charging station
US20040076518A1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2004-04-22 Drake Devon Glen Tilt stabilized / ballast controlled wind turbine
WO2007007103A1 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Malcolm Harcourt Little Tuile
WO2007027765A2 (fr) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-08 Douglas Spriggs Selsam Aerogenerateur a rotors multiples supporte par un arbre d'entrainement central continu
EP1830062A1 (fr) * 2006-02-16 2007-09-05 van den Hurk Martinus Wilhelmus Petrus Convertisseur d'énergie éolienne et éolienne du convertisseur d'énergie éolienne

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2289766A1 (fr) * 1974-10-29 1976-05-28 Borthayre Jean Systeme et appareillage pour la captation et l'utilisation de l'energie du vent
BE897141A (fr) * 1983-06-27 1983-10-17 Lefebvre Henri Maisonnette transportable
DE20001636U1 (de) * 2000-01-31 2000-05-18 Krahmer Joern Windkraftanlage für Dächer zur Energiegewinnung
JP2002021705A (ja) * 2000-07-05 2002-01-23 Koji Iizuka 屋根設置用風車
US20020195989A1 (en) * 2001-05-16 2002-12-26 Masahiko Teramoto Charging station
US20040076518A1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2004-04-22 Drake Devon Glen Tilt stabilized / ballast controlled wind turbine
WO2007007103A1 (fr) * 2005-07-13 2007-01-18 Malcolm Harcourt Little Tuile
WO2007027765A2 (fr) * 2005-08-30 2007-03-08 Douglas Spriggs Selsam Aerogenerateur a rotors multiples supporte par un arbre d'entrainement central continu
EP1830062A1 (fr) * 2006-02-16 2007-09-05 van den Hurk Martinus Wilhelmus Petrus Convertisseur d'énergie éolienne et éolienne du convertisseur d'énergie éolienne

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8196359B1 (en) * 2009-02-09 2012-06-12 American Home Energy Innovations, LLC. Wind turbine system
DE202019101053U1 (de) 2019-02-24 2019-03-14 Rüdiger Schloo Kleinstwindkraftanlagen auf Hausdächern

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