Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
  • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
  • G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
  • G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions

Definitions

• the present invention generally relates to methods and systems for estimating, monitoring and managing road traffic. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and system for determining traffic jams based on information derived from a cellular Public Land Mobile telephony Network (PLMN).
• PLMN Public Land Mobile telephony Network
• the estimation, monitoring and management of road traffic are normally accomplished based on a count of the number of vehicles that pass through one or more points of the monitored network of roads.
• Vehicles counting methods are essentially of two types: manual counting methods and automatic counting methods.
• Manual vehicles counting methods provide that operators, staying at the prescribed monitoring points along the roads, visually count the passing vehicles.
• Automatic vehicles counting methods provide for placing, on or within the road floor, detectors adapted to detect the passage of the vehicles. Different types of detectors can be used, the more common being:
• the manual counting of the passing vehicles is used only for time-limited monitoring campaigns.
• a known alternative to the above-described vehicles counting methods makes use of a certain number of vehicles (called “floating cars”) equipped with a GPS receiver which regularly transmit to a service center its position and speed, thereby allowing the service center to estimate the road traffic.
• floating cars a certain number of vehicles equipped with a GPS receiver which regularly transmit to a service center its position and speed, thereby allowing the service center to estimate the road traffic.
• This method is as well very expensive, and its effectiveness is closely related to the number of circulating vehicles equipped with GPS receivers, i.e. to the number of floating cars; due to this, continuous monitoring of all the main roads of a certain area may not be possible.
• cellular PLMNs have also been used for the purposes of estimation, monitoring and management of the road traffic, thanks to the widespread presence of mobile phones among the population.
• US 5,465,289 discloses a system that makes use of sensors for monitoring communications going on in the cellular PLMN; number of calls placed, number of handovers performed, number of emergency calls are thus extracted, from which the system derives, based on a comparison of historical data, an estimation of the vehicles traffic, particularly the number of circulating vehicles and the number of accidents in a unit time.
• EP 763807 a method and system for detecting traffic jams are described; a traffic jam in a certain road section is assessed when the PLMN traffic in the network cell covering that road section exceeds a predetermined threshold.
• the method also allows determining the driving direction experiencing the traffic jam: assuming that the PLMN traffic threshold is exceeded firstly in 5 a first network cell, and then in the adjacent, second network cell, located for example at the north of the first cell, it can be desumed that the driving direction experiencing the traffic jam is that directed from the north to the south.
• the Applicant has observed that, in practical cases, the two predetermined thresholds are not exceeded at the same time in the two cells, rather in the second cell the threshold is exceeded with a certain time delay compared to 5 the first cell, because it is necessary to wait for the vehicles queue in the considered road section to reach the second cell.
• a delay is higher the wider the network cells, thus, particularly in extraurban areas (where the PLMN cells are usually wider compared to urban areas) it is difficult to quickly provide information about where a traffic jam exists.
• the Applicant has tackled the problem of providing an efficient service of detection of traffic O jams on roads of a roads network, useful in particular for vehicles drivers for avoiding to stay in queue.
• the Applicant has tackled the problem of providing a service that is capable of determining the driving direction that may be affected by a traffic jam in a way that is not affected by the problems of known methods.
• the Applicant has found that a solution to these and other problems may rely on the definition and use of two distinct thresholds: a first threshold related to the amount of call traffic successfully handled by a generic PLMN cell, and a second threshold related to the number of handovers successfully occurred between each PLMN cell towards any other cell adjacent thereto.
• the first threshold allows identifying the road section where a traffic jam is occurring, whereas the O second threshold allows identifying the driving direction on that road section.
• the present invention exploits counters that count the handled traffic handled by each cell of a generic BSC (Base Station Controller) or similar network apparatus of a cellular PLMN, and the number of handovers that took place between a generic cell and any other adjacent cell.
• the values of these counters are compared to predetermined thresholds, for example determined by considering the counter values over a sufficiently long time span, e.g. arithmetically averaging the counter values over a time interval that may include a predetermined number of days preceding the current time instant.
• an indication of the road sections experiencing a traffic jam is provided, together with the driving direction that is affected by the traffic jam.
• a method of estimating traffic jams on a roads network comprising:
• At least one cellular PLMN covering a geographic region wherein at least one road of the roads network to be monitored is located, wherein said information comprises data related to a call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN in an at least one area of said geographic region, and an indication related to a mobility of mobile terminals into/out of said area;
• Trespassing may mean either exceeding or falling below.
• Said providing the indication of traffic jam may comprise:
• the method may, further comprise calculating at least one among the first and second thresholds based on historical data related to the call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN and, respectively, to the indications related to the mobility of mobile terminals, particularly calculating averages of said historical data, and, possibly, determining standard deviations of a statistical distribution of said historical data.
• Said at least one area may include at least one cell of the cellular PLMN, said data related
• 5 to a call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN in the at least one area may include data related to a number of calls handled by said at least one cell, and said indication related to the mobility of mobile terminals into/out of said area may include data related to a number of handovers having the at least one cell as a source or as a destination.
• Said at least one cell may include a first cell and a second cell adjacent to the first cell, and O said providing an indication of traffic jam in said at least one road may include providing an indication of a driving direction on the road experiencing the traffic jam, said providing the indication of the driving direction may comprise:
• the method may further comprise subdividing the at least one road into elementary road segments delimited by the boundary of the at least a first and a second cell, and providing traffic jam indications for the elementary road segments.
• a system for estimating traffic jams on a roads network adapted to:
• At least one cellular PLMN covering a geographic region wherein at least one road of the roads network to be monitored is located, wherein said information comprises data related to a call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN in an at least one area of said 5 geographic region, and an indication related to a mobility of mobile terminals into/out of said area;
• the system may be adapted to: - compare the call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN in the at least one area to the first threshold;
• the system may also be adapted to calculate at least one among the first and second thresholds based on historical data related to the call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN and, respectively, to the indications related to the mobility of mobile terminals.
• Said calculate may comprise calculating averages of said historical data, and possibly determining standard deviations of a statistical distribution of said historical data.
• Said at least one area may include at least one cell of the cellular PLMN, said data related to a call traffic handled by the cellular PLMN in the at least one area may include data related to a number of calls handled by said at least one cell, and said indication related to the mobility of mobile terminals into/out of said area may include data related to a number of handovers having the at least one cell as a source or as a destination.
• Said at least one cell may include a first cell and a second cell adjacent to the first cell, and the system may be adapted to provide an indication of a driving direction on the road experiencing the traffic jam, said provide the indication of the driving direction comprising:
• the system may be adapted to subdivide the at least one road into elementary road segments delimited by the boundary of the at least a first and a second cell, and to provide traffic jam indications for the elementary road segments.
• Figure 1 synthetically shows a part of a monitored roads network, and a portion of a 5 cellular PLMN covering the area where the considered part of the roads network is located;
• Figure 2 schematically shows, in terms of functional blocks, a system according to an embodiment of the present invention for detecting traffic jams
• Figure 3 shows, in tabular form, counters of the call traffic handled by PLMN cells under the responsibility of a BSC;
• Figure 5 shows, in tabular form, data identifying geographic areas covered by the different PLMN cells
• Figure 6 shows, in tabular form, data geographically identifying the road sections
• Figure 7 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present5 invention for calculating call traffic and number of handovers thresholds, to be used for the detection of traffic jams;
• Figure 8 shows, in tabular form, data regarding the call traffic in the different PLMN cells, aggregated as a result of a step of the method of Figure 7;
• Figure 9 shows, in tabular for, data regarding the number of handovers between the cells, o aggregated as a result of a step of the method of Figure 7;
• Figure 10 shows, in tabular form, handled traffic threshold values calculated as a result of a step of the method of Figure 7;
• Figure 11 shows, in tabular form, number of handovers thresholds calculated as a result of a step of the method of Figure 7;
• Figure 12 exemplifies a way road sections are subdivided into elements covered by single cells
• Figure 13 is a table of start and stop coordinates of the different road elements;
• Figure 14 is a schematic flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention for detecting traffic jams.
• FIG. 1 a part of a monitored roads network is schematically depicted.
• the drawing also schematically shows a portion of a cellular PLMN network that covers the geographic area where the considered part of roads network is located.
• the cellular PLMN network is a GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) network, however it should be understood that the specific type of cellular PLMN is not limitative to the present invention, which also applies to other types of cellular PLMN networks, like for example UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) network or other third-generation networks.
• GSM Global System for Mobile communications
• UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
• reference numeral 105 denotes Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) of the cellular PLMN; each BTS 105 covers (being the “best server” therein) a geographic area, called a "cell”, which in the drawing is for simplicity depicted as hexagonal in shape.
• BTSs Base Transceiver Stations
• each BTS 105 covers (being the "best server” therein) a geographic area, called a "cell”, which in the drawing is for simplicity depicted as hexagonal in shape.
• the PLMN cells generally do not have an hexagonal shape, and different cells have different area coverage (the shape and width of a generic cell depending on aspects like for example the BTS's transmission power and the morphology of the territory; for example, PLMN cells in urban area are typically smaller than PLMN in extraurban area).
• the BTSs 105 handles the physical communication with the mobile terminals in the respective cells.
• the BTSs 105 are connected to respective Base Station Controllers (BSCs) 110 through PLMN core network links 115, transporting the PLMN traffic (calls placed by mobile terminals located in the PLMN cells, SMS or MMS messages, data traffic in case the PLMN network is connected to a GPRS infrastructure, multicast-delivered contents) and signalling for the protocols that allow the proper operation of the cellular PLMN (like for example the signalling necessary for the handover procedures, which ensure the service continuity while the mobile terminals move across the territory, and the location update procedures, which allow the PLMN to keep track of the geographic macroarea (a geographic area corresponding to groups of network cells) where a generic mobile terminal is located).
• the BSCs 110 manage the associated BTSs 105, routing the calls and managing the mobile terminals' mobility between different cells (i.e., the handovers).
• the BSCs 110 are connected to respective Mobile Switching Centers (MSCs) 120, through links 125, which transport the PLMN traffic and signalling for core network protocols.
• MSCs Mobile Switching Centers
• the MSCs 120 manage the associated BSCs 110 and manage the set-up of the calls and their routing through the network.
• Radio Access Network RAN
• Node-Bs which are connected to Radio Network Controllers (RNCs).
• every BSC 110 has a local database 130 where counter values of several different counters are stored, which a PLMN operator may inspect to assess the network status.
• counter values of the handled call traffic handled by the BTSs controlled by the BSC, and of the number of handovers involving the network cells managed by the BSC are stored.
• cells cO to c5 of a cellular PLMN for example the PLMN of
• FIG 3 schematically shows, in tabular form, a managed traffic counter of the generic BSC 110, stored in the local database 130.
• a managed traffic counter of the generic BSC 110 For every PLMN cell under the competence of that BSC, identified by the respective cell identifier (table columns labelled CJd, one column for each cell; the cell identifiers of the cells cO to c5 are assumed to be cO, d, c2, c3, c4 and c ⁇ ), a plurality of traffic count values is stored (table columns Tr_Val, one column for each cell), each count value representing the amount of call traffic (phone calls, messages, data traffic etc.) that the respective cell was able to handle in a respective time internal AT starting from a predetermined start time To (in the table, the generic call traffic count value being denoted Vij, where the index / denotes the PLMN cell and the index/ denotes the considered time interval).
• Figure 4 schematically shows, also in tabular form, a number of handovers counter of the generic BSC 110, stored in the local database 130.
• the cell identifiers of the cells cO to c5 are assumed to be cO, c1, c2, c3, c4 and cS)
• the number of handovers (table columns H0#) occurring from the considered cell (regarded as the 5 source cell) towards any adjacent cell (the destination cell, table columns D_C_ld) in the respective time internals AT starting from a predetermined start time To are reported (in the table, the generic handover number is denoted NhJj, where the index h denotes the considered time interval, the index / denotes the source PLMN cell and the index/ denotes the destination PLMN cell).
• the BSC handover number counter may further keep track of the number of handovers from
• Figure 2 also depicts schematically a system 210 according to an embodiment of the present invention for the detection of traffic jams on monitored roads.
• the system 210 is shown in terms of functional blocks, each of which can be implemented by means of software, hardware, or as a mix of hardware and software.
• the system 210 comprises a local database 215 and a processing and calculation engine 220.
• the system 210 is connected to the BSCs 110 of the PLMN network (or at least to those BSC managing BTSs that cover an area of interest, where the roads to be monitored are located).
• the system 210 has also access to a first external database 225 storing data relating to all the BTSs 105 that cover the area where the road sections to be monitored are located, and other data useful 0 to the system 210.
• the system 210 has further access to a second external database 230 storing data related to the roads to be monitored.
• the system 210 has an output 235 through which it provides to users (possibly comprising software applications) the indications about possible traffic jams.
• FIG. 5 schematically shows, in tabular form, a possible structure of the first external 5 database 225, in an embodiment of the present invention.
• Each row of the table corresponds to a different BTS, whereas in the table columns there are reported the unique identifier of the BTS (table column CJd), its geographical position (table columns Lat and Long, standing for latitude and longitude), the number of vertexes of the generally irregular polygon defining the cell's borders (table column N_vrtx), and the vertexes' geographic coordinates (table columns Coord_1, 0 Coord:2,..., Coor_m); the number of vertexes may and generally does vary from cell to cell.
• FIG. 6 schematically shows, still in tabular form, a possible structure of the second external database 225, in an embodiment of the present invention.
• Each road to be monitored identified by a respective road identifier (table column RdJd; the road identifiers are assumed to be Rd1, Rd2,..., Rdm) can be subdivided into two or more road sections or segments, each one identified by a respective road segment identifier (table column Segjd).
• the respective start and stop geographic coordinates are provided (table columns Start_Coord (xstart, ystart) and Stop_Coord (xstop, ystop)).
• the sequence of start and stop coordinates determines the orientation, i.e.
• points 205-A and 205-B identify two segments 205-1 and 205-2, the first segment having the start coordinates corresponding to the coordinates of the point 205-A and the stop coordinates corresponding to the coordinates of the point 205-B, whereas the second segment has the start coordinates corresponding to the coordinates of the point 205-B and the stop coordinates corresponding to the coordinates of the point 205-A; thus, the driving direction is from point 205-A to point 205-B along the first road segment (205-1), whereas it is from the point 205-B to the point 205-A along the second road segment (205-2).
• the system 210 performs, in an embodiment of the invention, the following operations.
• Step 705 - the system 210 reads the list of BTSs of the cellular PLMNs contained in the first external database 225.
• Step 710 - the system 210 reads, from the second external database 230, the list of roads (and respective road segments) to be monitored.
• Step 715 - the system 210 reads, from the local databases 130 of the BSCs of interest, the counter values of the traffic handled by the respective network cells in a predefined time range, defined for example by a system administrator, and stores the read values in its database 215.
• Step 720 - the system 210 reads, from the local databases 130 of the BSCs of interest, the number of handovers in which the respective network cells have been involved, in the predefined time range, and stores the read values in its database 215.
• Step 725 - The system 210 calculates, for every BTS covering the area of interest, respective handled traffic thresholds.
• Step 730 - The system 210 calculates, for every BTS of the area of interest, respective handover number thresholds for the handovers from any cell towards any other adjacent cell.
• Step 735 - the system 210 subdivides the roads or road segments into elementary road segments, based on the area coverage by the different BTSs.
• Step 740 - the system identifies the PLMN cell towards which a handover is performed when moving from one elementary road segment to the successive one.
• Figure 8 schematically shows, in tabular form, the content of the section of the system database 215 devoted to store handled call traffic counters after step 720.
• the start instant TO' of the monitoring time range does not in general coincide with the start instant TO starting from which the BSCs stores, in their local databases 130, the call traffic counter values - the instant TO may be the time instant at which the BSC is turned on, or a subsequent time instant, from which the BSC starts updating the traffic local database after having filled it.
• the time instant TO' may instead be the current time minus the monitoring time range (usually of the order of some months) set for example by the system administrator.
• the values reported in the table have the same meaning as those reported in the table of Figure 5.
• Figure 9 schematically shows, in tabular form, the content of the section of the system database 215 devoted to store handovers number counters after step 725.
• the values reported in the table have the same meaning as those reported in the table of Figure 6.
• Figure 10 schematically shows a table built as a result of step 725, in which, for every BTS (i.e., for every PLMN cell), identified by the respective cell identifier, a respective handled traffic threshold TrJTsch is stored, calculated for example by averaging the handled traffic counter values, stored in the BTS local database, in the time range of interest, set for example by the system administrator; alternatively, for every BTS, two or more handled traffic thresholds can be calculated, each one related to a specific time interval ⁇ T (for example, a specific time of the day, e.g. morning, afternoon, evening, night), calculated by averaging all the values of traffic handled by the BTS in the considered time range and in the specific time interval ⁇ T.
• a specific time interval ⁇ T for example, a specific time of the day, e.g. morning, afternoon, evening, night
• Figure 11 schematically shows a table built as a result of step 730, in which, for every BTS (identified by the respective cell identifier) regarded as a source cell in a handover, all the possible destination BTSs (adjacent cells) are listed (i.e., those BTS towards which a handover originating from the source BTS occurred), together with the corresponding thresholds of number of successful 5 handovers. Also in this case, the thresholds can be calculated averaging all the handover values from the considered source BTS to the generic destination BTSs in the considered time range.
• every elementary road segment has two ends that coincide with the points at which the roads or road segments to which the elementary road segment belongs intersects PLMN cells.
• PLMN cells For example, making reference to Figure 12, along the road segment 205-1 three elementary O road segments 1203-1 , 1203-2 and 1203-3 are defined, whereas on the road segment 205-2 three road segments 1204-1, 1204-2 and 1204-3 are defined.
• the points that delimit the elementary road segments are the points 1205, 1206, 1207 and 1208, i.e. the points of intersection between the road segments 205-1 and 205-2 and the PLMN cells c0, c2 and c5.
• the elementary road segments similarly to the roads/road segments, have an orientation, thus, considering for example 5 the elementary road segment 1203-1 , the start coordinates thereof coincide with those of the point
• stop coordinates of the elementary road segment 1203-1 are those of the point
• FIG. 13 The result of this step is schematically depicted in Figure 13, where a table is shown in which, for every road and road segment, the constituent elementary road segments are listed, identified by an elementary road segment identifier (table column El_seg_ld), together with the o respective start and stop coordinates, and the identifier of the PLMN cell in whose coverage area the elementary road segment is located.
• an elementary road segment identifier (table column El_seg_ld)
• two elementary segments of that road can be located in a same cell.
• neighboring roads like those converging towards a road crossing, a higher number of elementary road segments may be located in a same cell.
• the system 210 identifies the PLMN cell towards which a mobile terminal makes a handover when exiting a certain elementary road segment to enter the successive elementary road segment (having as start coordinates the stop coordinates of the preceding elementary road segment).
• a PLMN cell may or may not coincide with the cell covering the elementary road segment being exited.
• the cell towards which handover is made is the cell c2
• the cell towards which handover is made is the cell c5.
• the table shown in Figure 13 is built as a result of step 740.
• the identifier of the cell towards which handover is made is inserted in the table column HO_C_ld.
• the indication of the cell towards which the handover is made will allow identifying the specific elementary road segment where a traffic jam occurred, as described in the following.
• the system 210 After the start phase, the system 210 enters a normal operation phase, which is schematized by the flowchart of Figure 14. Essentially, at the end of every time interval ATO, the system 210, particularly the processing engine 215, performs, for every PLMN cell, the following operations:
• Step 1405 - the system 210 inquiries the local database 130 of the BSC competent for the generic cell c/ under consideration, and reads the value of the handled traffic counter TSi for that cell.
• Step 1410 - The system 210 compares the read handled traffic counter value TSi with the traffic threshold value Traffic_Th_i calculated for that cell ci; at the first run, the threshold value is that calculated in the start phase, as described above, and stored in the table of Figure 10, whereas in subsequent runs the threshold value is that calculated in the preceding run (as described later - step 1450).
• Step 1415 In case the read value TSi exceeds the threshold Traffic_Th_i, (exit branch Y in the flowchart), the system 210 selects, from the table shown in Figure 13, all the elementary road segments covered by the cell ci.
• Step 1420 For all the elementary road segments thus selected, the system 210 identifies the respective cells cj destination of a handover.
• Step 1425 - The system 210 reads, from the BSC local database, the value of the number of successful handovers HOij from the cell c/ towards all the cells c/ identified at the preceding step.
• Step 1430 - The system 210 compares the number of successful handovers values HOij with the handover number threshold values HO_Th_ij calculated, for the first run, in the start phase , as described above, or, in each subsequent run, at the preceding run, and stored in the table of Figure 11.
• the system provides in output an indication of a traffic jam in the elementary road segment covered by the cell c/ and having as handover destination cell the cell c/ (step 1435).
• the system 210 provides in output the indication of traffic jam on all the elementary road segments covered by the cell ci, without providing an indication of the directions along which the traffic jam is experienced (step 1440).
• Step 1445 In case at step 1410 the system 210 assesses that the value TSi is lower than the threshold Traffic_Th_i (exit branch N in the flowchart), the system 210 reads from the local database of the BSC the values of handled traffic and successful handovers for the cell ci not read at the preceding time interval, and stores them in the local database 215, updating the tables in
• Step 1450 The system recalculates the thresholds of handled traffic and handover number for the cell ci, and updates the tables of Figures 10 and 11.
• This sequence of operations is repeated at the end of each time interval ⁇ T0.
• the system according to the herein described embodiment of the invention can be implemented by means of any data processing system and with any operating system (Windows, Linux, Unix, MAC OS).
• the computer programs for implementing the system of the present invention can be written in any programming language, such as the Ansi C++, which exhibits good programming flexibility and guarantees high performance levels in terms of processing speed; other programming languages can however be exploited, like Java, Delphi, Visual Basic.
• the choice of the language Ansi C++ is dictated by the.
• the present invention is not limited to any specific PLMN network, which can for example be a second-generation (2G) network or a 3G network.
• 2G second-generation
• 3G 3G
• An advantage of the present invention is that no changes to the protocols of the cellular PLMN are required, nor changes to the hardware or the software of the mobile terminals.
• the system of the present invention may communicate with the cellular PLMN apparatuses (e.g., the BSCs) by means of any communication technology, which can for example be by wired or wireless or optical, exploiting point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections.
• the cellular PLMN apparatuses e.g., the BSCs
• any communication technology can for example be by wired or wireless or optical, exploiting point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections.
• the system may also receive data from two or more cellular PLMNs, run by a same or by different operators, exploiting similar or different network apparatuses.
• the system of the present invention may have a centralized or a distributed architecture
• one system may be associated with every BSC
• the choice depending for example on the number of roads to be monitored, on the transmission capacity of the communication links between the system and the PLMN apparatuses, the storage capacity of the system database and the processing power of the processing engine.
• the PLMN area coverage may be provided by a
• PLMN planning tool of the type used by PLMN operators to plan PLMNs, or it can be obtained using an ad-hoc tool, based for example on geometrical criteria, considering for example a generic
• PLMN cell as the set of territory points close to a certain BTS.
• the threshold may be calculated based on statistical parameters like the standard deviation, or a multiple thereof, of all the counter values in the time range of interest.
• the threshold could also be differentiated based on the time zone of the day (morning, afternoon, evening, night), on the day of the week, on the period of the year (season).
• the time range in which the thresholds are calculated may be fixed or variable, for example based on the hour of the day, of the month, of the traffic load of the PLMN (number of users connected, handled traffic), based on the degree of confidence of the output that the system administrator wishes, based on the price the final user is available to pay for enjoying the service, and the like.
• the method and system of the present invention may also exploit other types of counters among those held by the network apparatuses, like the BSCs, for example the counter of net number of successful handovers in each cell (given by the difference between the outgoing handovers and the ingoing handovers), the counter of the number of "Location Updates" (the results of the GSM network procedures that allow the network gaining knowledge of the macroarea O where the mobile terminals are located, which correspond to the "Routing Area Update” procedures of UMTS networks) in entrance/exit/net related to a macroarea, the counter of the number of "Routing Area Updates" in entrance/exit/net related to a macroarea, the counter of the number of unsuccessful calls originated by the mobile terminals, and the like.
• the counter of net number of successful handovers in each cell given by the difference between the outgoing handovers and the ingoing handovers
• the counter of the number of "Location Updates” the results of the GSM network procedures that allow the network gaining
• counters may also be combined together: for example, it may be possible to consider the sum of number of handovers in 5 entrance to a cell and of the number of handovers in exit from that cell to any other cell).
• the indication of traffic jam may be given in case the calculated threshold is trespassed, and, depending on the specific counter used, the threshold trespassing may correspond to exceeding the threshold or falling below it.

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-27 CN CN200780102276.9A patent/CN101933061B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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