WO2009067233A1 - Beta carbolines and uses thereof - Google Patents

Beta carbolines and uses thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009067233A1
WO2009067233A1 PCT/US2008/012966 US2008012966W WO2009067233A1 WO 2009067233 A1 WO2009067233 A1 WO 2009067233A1 US 2008012966 W US2008012966 W US 2008012966W WO 2009067233 A1 WO2009067233 A1 WO 2009067233A1
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Prior art keywords
optionally substituted
heteroaryl
heterocyclyl
aryl
carbocyclyl
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PCT/US2008/012966
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French (fr)
Inventor
Amy M. Elder
Shomir Ghosh
Sean J. Harrison
Michael E. Hepperle
Julie Fields Liu
Robert S. Murray
Christelle C. Renou
Dominic Reynolds
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Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
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Publication of WO2009067233A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009067233A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
    • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the transcription (nuclear) factor NF- ⁇ B is a member of the ReI protein family, and is typically a heterodimer composed of p50 and p65 subunits. NF- ⁇ B is constitutively present in the cytosol, and is inactivated by its association with one of the IKB family of inhibitors.
  • Palombella et al., WO 95/25533 teaches that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of NF- ⁇ B activity, being responsible for the processing of plO5 to p50 and the degradation of the inhibitor protein I ⁇ B- ⁇ .
  • T is an optionally substituted straight or branched d. 6 alkylene chain
  • Q is an optionally substituted straight or branched d. 6 alkylene chain; and W is -S(O)-, -S(O) 2 -, -C(O)-, -CO 2 -, -C(O)NR 9 "-, or -S(O) 2 NR 9 "-; each R 10 , as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -OR 10a , -CN, - SR 1Oa , -S(O) 2 R 103 , -S(O)R 10a , -C(O)R 10a , -CO 2 R l0a , -N(R 10 ") 2 , -C(O)N(R 10a ) 2 , -N(R 10a )C(O)R 10a , -N(R l0a )CO 2 R 10a , -S(O) 2 N(R 10a ) 2 , -N(R 10d
  • a 3-7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-10- membered partially unsaturated, or aromatic bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur includes cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl rings.
  • aromatic includes aryl and heteroaryl groups as described generally below and herein.
  • cycloaliphatic refers to an optionally substituted saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic aliphatic ring system having from 3 to about 14 ring carbon atoms.
  • the cycloaliphatic group is an optionally substituted monocyclic hydrocarbon having 3-8 or 3-6 ring carbon atoms.
  • the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2/y-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or NR + (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • a heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
  • enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation.
  • each R 4 is independently hydrogen or methyl.
  • the present invention provides a compound having formula I-B:
  • R 3 is hydrogen
  • m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each occurrence of R 6 is independently fluoro, Ci. 4 alkyl, -OH, -O(C M alkyl), -COO(Ci. 4 alkyl), phenyl, or -(CH 2 ) I-3 OH, wherein the Ci- 4 alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro; and each occurrence of R 7 is independently C,. 4 alkyl, -(CH 2 )i. 3 COO(C,. 4 alkyl), -(CH 2 ) ,.
  • X is O, S, or -NR 12 -.
  • the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired.
  • Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sixteenth Edition, E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1980) discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions
  • the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents.
  • injectable preparations for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • Still another aspect of this invention is to provide a kit comprising separate containers in a single package, wherein the inventive pharmaceutical compounds, compositions and/or salts thereof are used in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers to treat disorders, symptoms and diseases where IkB kinase plays a role.
  • carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (71 mg, 0.741 mmol, 2 eq; prepared as described in Chemische Be ⁇ chte, 1964, 97, 3407). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with 5% methanol/methylene chloride afforded the target compound (114 mg, 59%).
  • IKB kinase inhibitory activities of the compounds of formula I may be determined by various procedures known in the art.
  • the potent affinities for IKB kinase exhibited by the inventive compounds can be measured as an IC 5O value (in nM), which is the concentration (in nM) of compound required to provide
  • An in vitro assay for detecting and measuring inhibition activity against IKB kinase complex by candidate pharmacological agents can employ a biotinylated GST fusion protein spanning residues 5-
  • I ⁇ B ⁇ (SwissProt Accession No. P25963, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland) and an agent for detection of the phosphorylated product, e.g. a specific antibody binding only to the phosphorylated form GS, being either monoclonal or polyclonal (e.g., commercially-available anti- phospho-serine 32 IKB antibodies).
  • an agent for detection of the phosphorylated product e.g. a specific antibody binding only to the phosphorylated form GS, being either monoclonal or polyclonal (e.g., commercially-available anti- phospho-serine 32 IKB antibodies).
  • the complex can be detected by a variety of analytical methods (e.g., radioactivity, luminescence, fluorescence, or optical absorbance).
  • the antibody is labeled with europium chelate and the antibody-phospho-GST-l ⁇ B ⁇ complex is bound to biotin binding protein conjugated to a fluorescence acceptor (e.g., Steptavidin Alexa647, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California). How to prepare materials for and conduct this assay are described in more detail below.
  • a fluorescence acceptor e.g., Steptavidin Alexa647, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California.
  • I ⁇ B- ⁇ kinase complex is prepared by first diluting 10 ml of HeLa S3 cell-extracts SlOO fraction (Lee et al. (1997) Cell 88:213-222) with 40 ml of 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5. Then, 40% ammonium sulfate is added and incubated on ice for 30 minutes.
  • the resulting precipitated pellet is redissolved with 5 ml of SEC buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM 2- glycerophosphate), clarified by centrifugation at 20,000 x g for 15 min., and filtrated through a 0.22 ⁇ m filter unit.
  • SEC buffer 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM 2- glycerophosphate
  • the sample is loaded onto a 320 ml SUPEROSE-6 gel filtration FPLC column (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) equilibrated with a SEC buffer operated at 2 ml/min flow rate at 4 0 C. Fractions spanning the 670-kDa molecular-weight marker are pooled for activation.
  • a kinase- containing pool is then activated by incubation with 100 nM MEKKl ⁇ (Lee et al. (1997) Cell 88:213- 222), 250 ⁇ M MgATP, 10 mM MgCl 2 , 5 mM DTT, 10 mM 2-glycerophosphate, 2.5 ⁇ M Microcystin- LR, for 45 minutes at 37 0 C.
  • the activated enzyme is stored at -80 0 C until further use.
  • Reactions are quenched with the addition of 10 ⁇ L of 25OmM EDTA before the addition of 40 ⁇ L of detection buffer (50 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 0.1% Bovine Serum Albumin, 0.01% Tween20, Pierce, Rockford, IL) containing 2 nM europium labeled anti-I ⁇ B ⁇ phosphoserine 32 and 36 and 0.003 mg / mL Streptavidin Alexa647. Samples are allowed to incubate for 1 hour prior to reading on a Wallac Victor plate reader (Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, MA). As the assay has been previously shown to be linear with respect to enzyme concentration and time at the enzyme dilution tested, levels of time resolved fluorescence energy transfer are used to determine the inhibition activity of candidate pharmacological agents.
  • the compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the IKK complex. It will be appreciated that compounds of this invention can exhibit IKB kinase inhibitor activities of varying degrees. Following assay procedures described herein, the IKB kinase inhibition average IC 5O values for the inventive compounds were generally below about 10 micromolar, preferably below about 1.0 micromolar, and more preferably below about 100 nanomolar. [00425] Cellular Assays: A variety of cellular assays are also useful for evaluating compounds of the invention:
  • MM cell lines Multiple Myeloma (MM) cell lines and patient-derived MM cells isolation
  • RPMI 8226 and U266 human MM cells are obtained from American Type Culture
  • MM cell lines are cultured in RPMI-1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin (Pen) and
  • MM cells are purified from patient bone marrow (BM) aspirates using ROSETTESEP (B cell enrichment kit) separation system (StemCell Technologies,
  • the inhibitory effect of the present compounds on MM growth is assessed by measuring the reduction of yellow tetrazolium MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) by metabolically active cells (J. Immunol. Methods 174: 311-320, 1994).
  • Cells from 48 h cultures are pulsed with 10 ⁇ L of 5 mg/mL MTT to each well for the last 4 h of the 48 h cultures, followed by 100 ⁇ L isopropanol containing 0.04N HCl.
  • Absorbance is measured at 570 nm using a spectrophotometer
  • Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses are carried out as described (Hideshima et al, Oncogene 2001, 20:4519). Briefly, MM cells are pre-incubated with an IKK inhibitor of this invention (10 ⁇ M for 90 min) before stimulation with TNF- ⁇ (5 ng/mL) for 10 to 20 min.
  • hypotonic lysis buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 10 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.2% Triton X-100, 1 mM Na 3 VO 4 , 5 mM NaF, 1 mM PMSF, 5 ⁇ g/mL leupeptin, 5 ⁇ g/mL aprotinin), and kept on ice for 20 min.
  • Double- stranded NF-KB consensus oligonucleotide probe (5'-GGGGACTTTCCC-3 ⁇ Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz CA) is end-labeled with [( 32 P]ATP (50 ⁇ Ci at 222 TBq/mM; New England Nuclear division of Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, MA).
  • Binding reactions containing 1 ng of oligonucleotide and 5 ⁇ g of nuclear protein are conducted at room temperature for 20 min in a total volume of 10 ⁇ L of binding buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 4% glycerol (v/v), and 0.5 ⁇ g poly (dl-dC) (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
  • binding buffer 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM MgCl 2 , 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 4% glycerol (v/v), and 0.5 ⁇ g poly (dl-dC) (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden).
  • Ly3 and LyIO cells For the Ly3 and LyIO cells, 5000 cell are plated in GM per well in a 96-well plate. The Ly7 and Lyl9 cells are plated at 10,000 cells per well. IKK inhibitors are first dissolved in DMSO and then diluted in GM to reach the final concentrations of 80 ⁇ M - 0.01 ⁇ M. Each concentration is plated in triplicate. Cell viability is determined using a standard WST-I cell viability assay (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN). [00438] Human peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) Cytokine Release Assay
  • Human PBMC is purified from normal donor whole blood by Ficoll gradient method. After a PBS wash, PBMC are re-suspended in AEVI-V medium. Serially diluted IKK inhibitors of this invention in 100% DMSO are added at 1 ⁇ l to the bottom of a 96-well plate and mixed with 180 ⁇ l 4.5 X 10 5 PBMC in AIM-V media per well. After preincubating PBMC with inhibitor at 37 0 C for 40 min, cells are stimulated with 20 ⁇ l of either with LPS (100 ng/ml) or with anti-CD3 (0.25 ⁇ g/ml) and anti-
  • Human chondrocyte cell line SW1353 (ATCC, Manassas, VA) is cultured containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, Logan, UT), 2 mM L-glutamine(GIBCO brand cell culture products available from Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and 1% Pen/Strep (GIBCO). Cells are seeded in 96-well Poly-D-Lysine plate (BD BIOCOAT, Black/Clear bottom, BD Biosciences, Bedford,
  • chondrocytes 180 ⁇ l 4.5 X 10 5 chondrocytes per well. After pre-incubating cells with compounds for 1 hr at 37°C, cells are stimulated with 20 ⁇ l IL-l ⁇ (10 ng/mL, R&D Systems Inc.) at 37°C for 24 hrs. The supernatants are then collected and assessed for production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using commercially available ELISA kits.
  • MMPs matrix metalloproteinases
  • HFLS isolated from RA synovial tissues obtained at joint replacement surgery are provided by Cell Applications Inc. (San Diego, CA).
  • IKK inhibitors of the invention are tested for their ability to block the TNF- or IL-l ⁇ -induced release of IL-6 or EL-8 from these cells using commercially available
  • Human cord blood is obtained from Cambrex (Walkersville, MD). Mast cells are differentiated and cultured in a manner similar to that described by Hsieh et al., J. Exp. Med., 193: 123-
  • Human osteoclast precursors are obtained as cryopreserved form from Cambrex
  • the cells are differentiated in culture based on instructions from the manufacturer.
  • Such testing is known in the literature and include a standard rat LPS model as described in Conway et al., "Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor- ⁇ (TNF- ⁇ ) Production and Arthritis in the Rat by GW3333, a Dual Inhibitor of TNF — Converting Enzyme and Matrix Metalloproteinases", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298(3), 900-908 (2001); a rat adjuvant induced arthritis model as described in Pharmacological Methods in the Control of Inflammation (1989) p 363-380 "Rat Adjuvant Arthritis: A Model of Chronic Inflammation” Barry M. Weichman author of book chapter ⁇ Alan R.
  • ABC-like (LY3 and LYlO) DLBCL cell lines (Alizadeh et al (2000) Nature 403:503-511; Davis et al. (2001) J. Exp. Med. 194: 1861-1874) are maintained in growth medium (GM, Iscove's DMEM+10%FBS) by passaging cells twice per week.
  • WSU-DLCL2 cells (obtained from DSMZ, Germany) are maintained in GM (1640 RPMI + 10% FBS) by passaging cells twice per week.
  • Immunodeficient mice are inoculated with LYlO, LY3 or WSU-DLCL2 cells in the sub cutis and the cells are allowed to form tumor xenografts.

Abstract

This invention provides beta-carboline compounds of formula I: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, G, and x are as described in the specification. The compounds are useful for treating cancer and inflammatory disorders.

Description

BETA CARBOLINES AND USES THEREOF
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The transcription (nuclear) factor NF-κB is a member of the ReI protein family, and is typically a heterodimer composed of p50 and p65 subunits. NF-κB is constitutively present in the cytosol, and is inactivated by its association with one of the IKB family of inhibitors. Palombella et al., WO 95/25533, teaches that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of NF-κB activity, being responsible for the processing of plO5 to p50 and the degradation of the inhibitor protein IκB-α. Chen et al., Cell 84:853 (1996), teaches that prior to degradation, IκB-α undergoes selective phosphorylation at serine residues 32 and 36 by the multisubunit IKB kinase complex (IKK). IκB-α is phosphorylated by IKK, which has two catalytic subunits, IKK-I (IKB kinase α or IKK-α) and IKK-2 (IKB kinase β or IKK-β). Once phosphorylated, IKB is targeted for ubiquitination and degradation by the 26S proteasome, allowing translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus, where it binds to specific DNA sequences in the promoters of target genes and stimulates their transcription. Inhibitors of IKK can block the phosphorylation of 1KB and its further downstream effects, particularly those associated with NF-κB transcription factors.
[0002] The protein products of genes under the regulatory control of NF-κB include cytokines, chemokines, cell adhesion molecules, and proteins mediating cellular growth and control. Importantly, many of these proinflammatory proteins also are able to act, either in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, to further stimulate NF-κB activation. In addition, NF-KB plays a role in the growth of normal and malignant cells. Furthermore, NF-κB is a heterodimeric transcription factor which can activate a large number of genes which code, inter alia, for proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-I, IL-2, TNFα or IL-6. NF-κB is present in the cytosol of cells, building a complex with its naturally occurring inhibitor IKB. The stimulation of cells, for example by cytokines, leads to the phosphorylation and subsequent proteolytic degradation of IKB. This proteolytic degradation leads to the activation of NF-κB, which subsequently migrates into the nucleus of the cell and activates a large number of proinflammatory genes. [0003] It would be beneficial to provide novel IKK inhibitors that possess good therapeutic properties, especially for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases and immune-related diseases.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0004] 1. General Description of Compounds of the Invention: [0005] This invention provides compounds that are inhibitors of IKK-2, and accordingly are useful for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases, and immune-related diseases. The compounds of this invention are represented by formula I:
Figure imgf000003_0001
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein,
R1 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.3aliphatic, amino, cyano, (C i-3alkyl)i-2 amino, Ci.3alkoxy, -CONH2, - NHCOCF3, or -CH2NH2;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci_4aliphatic, Ci.2alkoxy, or Ci.2haloalkyl;
R3 is hydrogen, halo, Ci_6aliphatic, Ci.6alkoxy,
Figure imgf000003_0002
hydroxy, amino, cyano, or
Figure imgf000003_0003
each R4 is independently optionally substituted Ci_6 aliphatic, or two occurrences of R4 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted, fused or spiro, 3- 7-membered heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl ring; x is O, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
G is optionally substituted Ci_3alkyl; and
R5 is:
Figure imgf000003_0004
Figure imgf000004_0001
Figure imgf000004_0002
wherein X is -NR7-, O, or S; n is 1, 2, or 3; m is O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each R6, as valency and stability permit, is independently =O, -R8, -T-R8, or -V-T-R8, or two occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic 3-8-membered aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring; each R8, as valency and stability permits, is independently halo, -OR8a, -CN, -SR8a, - S(O)2R8", -S(O)R8a, -C(O)R8", -CO2R8a, -N(R8d)2, -C(O)N(R8a)2, -N(R8")C(O)R8", -N(R8a)CO2R8a, -S(O)2N(R8a)2, -N(R8")S(O)2R8", -N(R8")S(O)2N(R8a)2, -N(R8")C(O)N(R8a)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
T is an optionally substituted straight or branched d.6alkylene chain; and
V is -O-, -N(R8a)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR8"-, -N(R8a)C(O)-, - N(R8")CO2-, -S(O)2NR8"-, -N(R8")S(O)2-, or -N(R8a)C(O)NR8"-; each R8a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; each R7, as valency and stability permit, is independently hydrogen, -R9, -Q-R10, or -W- Q-R10, or two occurrences of R7 may be taken together with a nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic 3-8-membered heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring, or one occurrence of R7 and one occurrence of R6 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic 3-8- membered aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring; wherein each R9, as valency and stability permit, is independently selected from - S(O)2R9", -S(O)R9b, -C(0)R9b, -CO2R9b, -C(O)N(R9a)2, -S(O)2N(R9a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Q is an optionally substituted straight or branched d.6alkylene chain; and W is -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR9"-, or -S(O)2NR9"-; each R10, as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -OR10a, -CN, - SR1Oa, -S(O)2R103, -S(O)R10a, -C(O)R10a, -CO2Rl0a, -N(R10")2, -C(O)N(R10a)2, -N(R10a)C(O)R10a, -N(Rl0a)CO2R10a, -S(O)2N(R10a)2, -N(R10d)S(O)2R10a, N(R10a)S(O)2R10aN(R10a)2, -N(R10a)C(O)N(R10a)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; each R9a and R1Oa is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C^aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R9b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q- 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl.
[0006] 2. Compounds and Definitions:
[0007] Compounds of this invention include those described generally above, and are further illustrated by the classes, subclasses, and species disclosed herein. As used herein, the following definitions shall apply unless otherwise indicated.
[0008] As described herein, compounds of the invention may be optionally substituted with one or more substituents, such as are illustrated generally above, or as exemplified by particular classes, subclasses, and species of the invention. It will be appreciated that the phrase "optionally substituted" is used interchangeably with the phrase "substituted or unsubstituted." In general, the term "substituted", whether preceded by the term "optionally" or not, means that a hydrogen radical of the designated moiety is replaced with the radical of a specified substituent, provided that the substitution results in a stable or chemically feasible compound. The term "substitutable", when used in reference to a designated atom, means that attached to the atom is a hydrogen radical, which hydrogen atom can be replaced with the radical of a suitable substituent. Unless otherwise indicated, an "optionally substituted" group may have a substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position. Combinations of substituents envisioned by this invention are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
[0009] A stable compound or chemically feasible compound is one in which the chemical structure is not substantially altered when kept at a temperature from about -800C to about +40°, in the absence of moisture or other chemically reactive conditions, for at least a week, or a compound which maintains its integrity long enough to be useful for therapeutic or prophylactic administration to a patient. The phrase "one or more substituents", as used herein, refers to a number of substituents that equals from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the above conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
[0010] As used herein, the term "independently selected" means that the same or different values may be selected for multiple instances of a given variable in a single compound.
[0011] As used herein, "a 3-7-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aromatic monocyclic ring having 0-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, or an 8-10- membered partially unsaturated, or aromatic bicyclic ring system having 0-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur" includes cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic, aryl and heteroaryl rings. [0012] As used herein, the term "aromatic" includes aryl and heteroaryl groups as described generally below and herein.
[0013] The term "aliphatic" or "aliphatic group", as used herein, means an optionally substituted straight-chain or branched C^2 hydrocarbon, or a cyclic CM2 hydrocarbon which is completely saturated or which contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as "carbocycle", "cycloaliphatic", "cycloalkyl", or "cycloalkenyl"). For example, suitable aliphatic groups include optionally substituted linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof, such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl, or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl. Unless otherwise specified, in various embodiments, aliphatic groups have 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-3, or 1-2 carbon atoms. [0014] The term "alkyl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-3, or 1-2 carbon atoms.
[0015] The term "alkenyl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having at least one double bond and having 2- 12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, or 2-3 carbon atoms. [0016] The term "alkynyl", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refers to an optionally substituted straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group having at least one triple bond and having 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, or 2-3 carbon atoms.
[0017] The terms "cycloaliphatic", "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl", "carbocyclo", or "carbocyclic", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, refer to an optionally substituted saturated or partially unsaturated cyclic aliphatic ring system having from 3 to about 14 ring carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the cycloaliphatic group is an optionally substituted monocyclic hydrocarbon having 3-8 or 3-6 ring carbon atoms. Cycloaliphatic groups include, without limitation, optionally substituted cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl, or cyclooctadienyl. The terms "cycloaliphatic", "carbocycle", "carbocyclyl", "carbocyclo", or "carbocyclic" also include optionally substituted bridged or fused bicyclic rings having 6-12, 6-10, or 6-8 ring carbon atoms, wherein any individual ring in the bicyclic system has 3-8 ring carbon atoms. [0018] The term "cycloalkyl" refers to an optionally substituted saturated ring system of about 3 to about 10 ring carbon atoms. Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkyl rings include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and cycloheptyl.
[0019] The term "cycloalkenyl" refers to an optionally substituted non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and having about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms. Exemplary monocyclic cycloalkenyl rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl.
[0020] The terms "haloaliphatic", "haloalkyl", "haloalkenyl" and "haloalkoxy" refer to an aliphatic, alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group, as the case may be, which is substituted with one or more halogen atoms. As used herein, the term "halogen" or "halo" means F, Cl, Br, or I. The term "fluoroaliphatic" refers to a haloaliphatic wherein the halogen is fluoro, including perfluorinated aliphatic groups. Examples of fluoroaliphatic groups include, without limitation, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, 2- fluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl, 1,2,2-trifluoroethyl, and pentafluoroethyl. [0021] The term "heteroatom" refers to one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro- 2//-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).
[0022] The terms "aryl" and "ar-", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., "aralkyl", "aralkoxy", or "aryloxyalkyl", refer to an optionally substituted C5_i4aromatic hydrocarbon moiety comprising one to three aromatic rings. Preferably, the aryl group is a
Figure imgf000007_0001
group. Aryl groups include, without limitation, optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl, or anthracenyl. The terms "aryl" and "ar-", as used herein, also include groups in which an aryl ring is fused to one or more cycloaliphatic rings to form an optionally substituted cyclic structure such as a tetrahydronaphthyl, indenyl, or indanyl ring. The term "aryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "aryl group", "aryl ring", and "aromatic ring".
[0023] An "aralkyl" or "arylalkyl" group comprises an aryl group covalently attached to an alkyl group, either of which independently is optionally substituted. Preferably, the aralkyl group is C6_io arylCi-βalkyl, including, without limitation, benzyl, phenethyl, and naphthylmethyl. [0024] The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., "heteroaralkyl", or "heteroaralkoxy", refer to groups having 5 to 14 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, 9, or 10 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 π electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms. A heteroaryl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic. The term "heteroatom" refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen. For example, a nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl may be a basic nitrogen atom and may also be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide. When a heteroaryl is substituted by a hydroxy group, it also includes its corresponding tautomer. The terms "heteroaryl" and "heteroar-", as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocycloaliphatic rings. Nonlimiting examples of heteroaryl groups include thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]-l,4-oxazin-3(4Η)-one. The term "heteroaryl" may be used interchangeably with the terms "heteroaryl ring", "heteroaryl group", or "heteroaromatic", any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted. The term "heteroaralkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
[0025] As used herein, the terms "heterocycle", "heterocyclyl", "heterocyclic radical", and "heterocyclic ring" are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 3- to 8-membered monocyclic or 7-10- membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above. When used in reference to a ring atom of a heterocycle, the term "nitrogen" includes a substituted nitrogen. As an example, in a saturated or partially unsaturated ring having 0-3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen, the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2/y-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl), or NR+ (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl). [0026] A heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted. Examples of such saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and thiamorpholinyl. A heterocyclyl group may be mono-, bi-, tri-, or polycyclic, preferably mono-, bi-, or tricyclic, more preferably mono- or bicyclic. The term "heterocyclylalkyl" refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted. Additionally, a heterocyclic ring also includes groups in which the heterocyclic ring is fused to one or more aryl rings.
[0027] As used herein, the term "partially unsaturated" refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond between ring atoms. The term "partially unsaturated" is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aromatic (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl) moieties, as herein defined.
[0028] The term "alkylene" refers to a bivalent alkyl group. An "alkylene chain" is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(CH2),,-, wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3. An optionally substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms is optionally replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group and also include those described in the specification herein.
[0029] An alkylene chain also can be optionally interrupted by a functional group. An alkylene chain is "interrupted" by a functional group when an internal methylene unit is interrupted by the functional group. Examples of suitable "interrupting functional groups" are described in the specification and claims herein.
[0030] For purposes of clarity, all bivalent groups described herein, including, e.g., the alkylene chain linkers described above, are intended to be read from left to right, with a corresponding left-to-right reading of the formula or structure in which the variable appears.
[0031] An aryl (including aralkyl, aralkoxy, aryloxyalkyl and the like) or heteroaryl (including heteroaralkyl and heteroarylalkoxy and the like) group may contain one or more substituents and thus may be "optionally substituted". In addition to the substituents defined above and herein, suitable substituents on the unsaturated carbon atom of an aryl or heteroaryl group also include and are generally selected from -halo, -NO2, -CN, -R+, -C(R+)=C(R+)2, -C≡C-R+, -OR+, -SR°, -S(O)R0, -SO2R0, -SO3R+, -SO2N(R+)2, -N(R+)2, -NR+C(O)R+, -NR+C(S)R+, -NR+C(O)N(R+),, -NR+C(S)N(R+)2, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)2, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-R°, -NR+CO2R+, -NR+SO2R0, -NR+SO2N(R+)2, -0-C(O)R+, -Q-CO2R+, -0C(0)N(R+)2, -C(O)R+, -C(S)R0, -CO2R+, -C(O)-C(O)R+, -C(O)N(R+)2, -C(S)N(R+)2. -C(O)N(R+)-OR\ -C(O)N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)2, -N(R+)C(=NR+)-N(R+)-C(O)R+, -C(=NR+)-N(R+)2, -C(=NR+)-OR+, -N(R+)-N(R+)2, -C(=NR+)-N(R+)-OR+, -C(R°)=N-OR+, -P(O)(R+)2, -P(O)(OR+)2, -0-P(O)-OR+, and -P(O)(NR+)-N(R+)2, wherein R+, independently, is hydrogen or an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl group, or two independent occurrences of R+ are taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form an optionally substituted 5-7- membered aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl ring. Each R0 is an optionally substituted aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl group.
[0032] An aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or a non-aromatic carbycyclic or heterocyclic ring may contain one or more substituents and thus may be "optionally substituted". Unless otherwise defined above and herein, suitable substituents on the saturated carbon of an aliphatic or heteroaliphatic group, or of a non-aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring are selected from those listed above for the unsaturated carbon of an aryl or heteroaryl group and additionally include the following: =O, =S, =C(R*)2, =N- N(R*)2, =N-0R*, ^N-NHC(O)R*, =N-NHC02R° =N-NHS02R° or =N-R* where R° is defined above, and each R* is independently selected from hydrogen or an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic group. [0033] In addition to the substituents defined above and herein, optional substituents on the nitrogen of a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring also include and are generally selected from -R+, -N(R+)2, -C(O)R+, -C(O)OR+, -C(O)C(O)R+, -C(O)CH2C(O)R+, -S(O)2R+, -S(O)2N(R+)2, -C(S)N(R+)2, -C(=NH)-N(R+)2, or -N(R+)S(O)2R+; wherein each R+ is defined above. A ring nitrogen atom of a heteroaryl or non-aromatic heterocyclic ring also may be oxidized to form the corresponding N-hydroxy or N-oxide compound. A nonlimiting example of such a heteroaryl having an oxidized ring nitrogen atom is N-oxidopyridyl. [0034] As detailed above, in some embodiments, two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification and claims herein), are taken together with their intervening atom(s) to form a monocyclic or bicyclic ring selected from 3-13-membered cycloaliphatic, 3-12- membered heterocyclyl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, 6-10-membered aryl, or 5-10-membered heteroaryl having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur.
[0035] Exemplary rings that are formed when two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification and claims herein), are taken together with their intervening atom(s) include, but are not limited to the following: a) two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification or claims herein) that are bound to the same atom and are taken together with that atom to form a ring, for example, N(R+)2, where both occurrences of R+ are taken together with the nitrogen atom to form a piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, or morpholin-4-yl group; and b) two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification or claims herein) that are bound to different atoms and are taken together with both of those atoms to form a ring, for example where a phenyl group is substituted with two occurrences of OR+
Figure imgf000011_0001
x , these two occurrences of R+ are taken together with the oxygen atoms to which they are bound to form a fused 6-
membered oxygen containing ring:
Figure imgf000011_0002
It will be appreciated that a variety of other rings
(e.g., spiro and bridged rings) can be formed when two independent occurrences of R+ (or any other variable similarly defined in the specification and claims herein) are taken together with their intervening atom(s) and that the examples detailed above are not intended to be limiting.
[0036] Unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, (Z) and (E) double bond isomers, and (Z) and (E) conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds of the invention are within the scope of the invention. Additionally, unless otherwise stated, structures depicted herein are also meant to include compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms. For example, compounds having the present structures except for the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium or tritium, or the replacement of a carbon by a 13C- or 14C-enriched carbon are within the scope of this invention. Such compounds are useful, for example, as analytical tools or probes in biological assays.
[0037] It is to be understood that, when a disclosed compound has at least one chiral center, the present invention encompasses one enantiomer of inhibitor free from the corresponding optical isomer, racemic mixture of the inhibitor and mixtures enriched in one enantiomer relative to its corresponding optical isomer. When a mixture is enriched in one enantiomer relative to its optical isomers, the mixture contains, for example, an enantiomeric excess of at least 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% 99% or 99.5%. [0038] The enantiomers of the present invention may be resolved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated, for example, by crystallization; formation of diastereoisomeric derivatives or complexes which may be separated, for example, by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography; selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enantiomer-specific reagent, for example enzymatic esterification; or gas-liquid or liquid chromatography in a chiral environment, for example on a chiral support for example silica with a bound chiral ligand or in the presence of a chiral solvent. Where the desired enantiomer is converted into another chemical entity by one of the separation procedures described above, a further step is required to liberate the desired enantiomeric form. Alternatively, specific enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation.
[0039] When a disclosed compound has at least two chiral centers, the present invention encompasses a diastereomer free of other diastereomers, a pair of diastereomers free from other diasteromeric pairs, mixtures of diasteromers, mixtures of diasteromeric pairs, mixtures of diasteromers in which one diastereomer is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s) and mixtures of diasteromeric pairs in which one diastereomeric pair is enriched relative to the other diastereomeric pair(s). When a mixture is enriched in one diastereomer or diastereomeric pair(s) relative to the other diastereomers or diastereomeric pair(s), the mixture is enriched with the depicted or referenced diastereomer or diastereomeric pair(s) relative to other diastereomers or diastereomeric pair(s) for the compound, for example, by a molar excess of at least 50%, 75%, 90%, 95% 99% or 99.5%.
[0040] The diastereoisomeric pairs may be separated by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example chromatography or crystallization and the individual enantiomers within each pair may be separated as described above. Specific procedures for chromatographically separating diastereomeric pairs of precursors used in the preparation of compounds disclosed herein are provided the examples herein.
[0041] 3. Description of Exemplary Compounds:
[0042] In certain embodiments, for compounds of formula I, R1 is hydrogen, halo, Ci_2alkyl, amino, or (C1.2alkyl)i.2amino; R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.4aliphatic, C^alkoxy, or Ci.2haloalkyl; and R3 is hydrogen, halo, d.2aliphatic, Ci_2alkoxy, Ci.2thioalkyl, or Ci.2haloalkyl.
[0043] In other embodiments, R1 is hydrogen, halo, methyl, amino, or (Ci.2alkyl)i.2amino; R2 is hydrogen, halo, C^aliphatic, or Q.ihaloalkyl; and R3 is hydrogen, halo, Ci_2alkoxy, or Ci.2aliphatic.
[0044] In still other embodiments, R1 is hydrogen, halo, or methyl; R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci-
2aliphatic, or Ci.2haloalkyl; and R3 is hydrogen.
[0045] In some embodiments G is optionally substituted C^alkyl. In other embodiments, G is an optionally substituted methylene group.
[0046] In other embodiments, the present invention provides compounds having formula I-A:
Figure imgf000013_0001
I-A
[0047] In yet other embodiments, the present invention provides compounds having formula I-A-i:
Figure imgf000013_0002
I-A-i
[0048] In yet other embodiments, for compounds having formula I-A or I-A-i each R4 is independently hydrogen or methyl.
[0049] In still other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I, I-A, or I-A-i, R5 is:
Figure imgf000013_0003
(R6)m [C // (R )m l i °>
Figure imgf000014_0001
Figure imgf000014_0002
[0050] In yet other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I, I-A, or I-A-i: m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each R6 is independently halo, -OR8a, -CO2R8a, -CON(R8a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, each R7 is independently hydrogen, -Q-R10, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, wherein -Q- is an optionally substituted group selected from branched or unbranched Ci.
6alkyl, and
R10 is -CO2R10a, -OR10a, halo, -CON(R10a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; or or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
[0051] In still other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I, I-A, or I-A-i: m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each occurrence of R6 is independently fluoro, Ci.4alkyl, -OH, -O(Ci_4alkyl), -COO(Ci_4alkyl), phenyl, or -(CH2)^3OH, wherein the Ci-4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro; and each occurrence of R7 is independently C,.4alkyl, -(CH2)i.3COO(C,.4alkyl), -(CH2),.3COOH, - (CH2) i.3CON(R10a)2, -(CH2) ,.3ORIOa, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, benzyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2cyclobutyl, -CH2cyclopentyl, or -CH2cyclohexyl, wherein the Ci_4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro, or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring. [0052] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I, I-A, or I-A-i a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is optionally substituted at one or more substitutable carbon atoms with p occurrences of R11 and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with R12, wherein p is O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each R11, as valency and stability permit, is independently =0, -R13, -Y-R13, or -U-Y-R13; each R13, as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -OR13'1, -CN, -SR13'', - S(O)2R13", -C(O)R13", -CO2R13j, -N(R13")2, -C(O)N(R 13d)2, -N(R13a)C(O)R13", -N(R13a)CO2R13", - S(O)2N(R13d)2, -N(R13a)S(O)2R13a, -N(R13a)C(O)N(R13a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Y is an optionally substituted straight or branched Ci.6alkylene chain; and U is -O-, -N(R13a)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR13"-, -N(R13a)C(0)-, - N(Rπa)C02-, -S(O)2NR133-, -N(R13")S(O)2-, or -N(R13a)C(O)NR13"-; each R13a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R12, as valency and stability permit, is independently hydrogen, -R14, -Z-R15, or -J- Z-R15; wherein each R14 is independently selected from -S(O)2R14b, -S(O)R14b, - C(0)R14b, -CO2R14b, -C(O)N(R14a)2, -S(O)2N(R14a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from C ^aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Z is an optionally substituted straight or branched Ci 6alkylene chain; and J is -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR14"-, or -S(O)2NR14"-; each R15 is independently halo, -OR15", -CN, -SR15a, -S(O)2R15", -C(O)R15", -CO2R15a, -N(R15a)2, -C(O)N(Rl5a)2, -N(R15a)C(O)Rl5a, -N(R15")CO2R15a, -S(O)2N(R15d)2, - N(R15a)S(O)2R15", -N(R15a)C(O)N(R15")2 or an optionally substituted group selected from C^aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; each R14a and R15a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R14b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl.
[0053] In still other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I, I-A, or I-A-i a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is selected from:
Figure imgf000016_0001
Figure imgf000016_0002
wherein X is O, S, or -NR12-.
[0054] In other embodiments, the present invention provides a compound having formula I-B:
Figure imgf000016_0003
I B wherein
R1 is hydrogen, halo, or methyl;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, Q^aliphatic, or Ci_2haloalkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen.
[0055] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-B R is:
Figure imgf000017_0001
[0056] In still other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-B: m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each R6 is independently halo, -OR8a, -CO2R8a, -CO(NR8a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, each R7 is independently hydrogen, -Q-R10, or an optionally substituted group selected from C]. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, wherein -Q- is optionally substituted branched or unbranched Ci.6alkyl, and
R10 is -CO2R10a, -OR10a, halo, -CON(R10a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; or or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
[0057] In yet other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-B: m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each occurrence of R6 is independently fluoro, Ci.4alkyl, -OH, -O(CMalkyl), -COO(Ci.4alkyl), phenyl, or -(CH2)I-3OH, wherein the Ci-4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro; and each occurrence of R7 is independently C,.4alkyl, -(CH2)i.3COO(C,.4alkyl), -(CH2) ,.3COOH, - (CH2) MCON(R10a)2, -(CH2)^OR10'', wherein the C,-4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, benzyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2cyclobutyl, -CH2cyclopentyl, or -CH2cyclohexyl, or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
[0058] In some embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-B a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is optionally substituted at one or more substitutable carbon atoms with p occurrences of R1' and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with R12, wherein p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each R11, as valency and stability permit, is independently =O, -R13, -Y-R13, or -U-Y-R13; each R13, as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -OR13'', -CN, -SR13a, - S(O)2R13'1, -C(O)R13a, -CO2R13a, -N(R13a)2, -C(O)N(R13a)2, -N(R13a)C(O)R13a, -N(R13a)CO2R13a, - S(O)2N(Rl3a)2, -N(R13a)S(O)2R13a, -N(R13a)C(O)N(R13a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Y is an optionally substituted straight or branched Ci_6alkylene chain; and U is -O-, -N(R13a)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(0)NR13a-, -N(R13a)C(0)-, - N(R13a)CO2-, -S(O)2NR13"-, -N(R13a)S(O)2-, or -N(Rl3a)C(O)NR13a-; each R13'1 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R12, as valency and stability permit, is independently hydrogen, -R14, -Z-R15, or -J-
Z-R 15. wherein each R14 is independently selected from -S(O)2R14b, -S(O)Rl4b, - C(0)R14b, -CO2R14", -C(O)N(R14a)2, -S(O)2N(R14")2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Z is an optionally substituted straight or branched Ci.6alkylene chain; and
J is -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(0)NR14a-, or -S(O)2NR14a-; each R15 is independently halo, -OR15'', -CN, -SRl5a, -S(O)2R15'', -C(0)R15a, -CO2R15'', -N(R15a)2, -C(O)N(R15a)2, -N(R15a)C(O)R15a, -N(R15a)CO2R15a, -S(O)2N(R15a)2, - N(Rl5a)S(O)2Rl5a, -N(R15a)C(O)N(R15d)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; each R14'' and R15'1 is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R14b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Cj. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl. [0059] In other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I-B a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is selected from:
Figure imgf000019_0001
wherein X is O, S, or -NR12-.
[0060] In still other embodiments, for compounds of general formula I, I-A, I-A-i, or I-B, R5 is:
Figure imgf000019_0002
where R6, R7, and m, and the remaining variables for compounds of formula I, I-A, I-A-i, or I-B are as defined generally and in subsets thereof above.
[0061] 4. Uses, Formulation and Administration
[0062] As discussed above, the present invention provides compounds that are useful as inhibitors of IKK, and thus the present compounds are useful for treating or lessening the severity of cancer, an inflammatory disease, or an immune-related disease including, but not limited to, lymphoma, such as diffuse large B-cell, primary mediastinal B-cell, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, and mantle cell; multiple myeloma; osteolytic bone metastasis; head and neck squamous cell cancer; prostate cancer; pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, joint inflammation (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis, traumatic arthritis, rubella arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other arthritic conditions), acute synovitis, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, muscle degeneration, cachexia, Reiter's syndrome, endotoxaemia, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, gout, toxic shock syndrome, pulmonary inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and the like), bone resorption diseases, reperfusion injuries, carcinoses, leukemia, sarcomas, lymph node tumors, skin carcinoses, lymphoma, apoptosis, graft versus host reaction, graft versus host disease (GVHD), allograft rejection, leprosy, viral infections (e.g., HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the Herpes group of viruses, and the like), parasitic infections (e.g., malaria, such as cerebral malaria), yeast and fungal infections (e.g., fungal meningitis), fever and myalgias due to infection, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS related complex (ARC), cachexia secondary to infection or malignancy, cachexia secondary to AIDS or cancer, keloid and scar tissue formation, pyresis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemic brain injury, e.g. cerebral infarction (stroke), head trauma, psoriasis, Alzheimer's disease, carcinomatous disorders (potentiation of cytotoxic therapies), cardiac infarct, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
[0063] It will also be appreciated that the present compounds are useful for treating diseases, disorders or symptoms related to the activity of NF-κB, TNF-α, and other enzymes in pathways where IKK is known to modulate activity.
[0064] Accordingly, in another aspect of the present invention, pharmaceutical compositions are provided, wherein these compositions comprise any of the compounds as described herein, and optionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or vehicle. In certain embodiments, these compositions optionally further comprise one or more additional therapeutic agents. [0065] It will also be appreciated that certain of the compounds of present invention can exist in free form for treatment, or where appropriate, as a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof. According to the present invention, a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable prodrugs, salts, esters, salts of such esters, or any other adduct or derivative which upon administration to a patient in need is capable of providing, directly or indirectly, a compound as otherwise described herein, or a metabolite or residue thereof.
[0066] As used herein, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgement, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. A "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" means any non-toxic salt or salt of an ester of a compound of this invention that, upon administration to a recipient, is capable of providing, either directly or indirectly, a compound of this invention or an inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof. As used herein, the term "inhibitorily active metabolite or residue thereof means that a metabolite or residue thereof is also an inhibitor of IKK.
[0067] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et ai, describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts, and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N+(Ci.4alkyl)4 salts. This invention also envisions the quaternization of any basic nitrogen-containing groups of the compounds disclosed herein. Water or oil-soluble or dispersable products may be obtained by such quaternization. Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, loweralkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
[0068] As described above, the pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of the present invention additionally comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant, or vehicle, which, as used herein, includes any and all solvents, diluents, or other liquid vehicle, dispersion or suspension aids, surface active agents, isotonic agents, thickening or emulsifying agents, preservatives, solid binders, lubricants and the like, as suited to the particular dosage form desired. Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sixteenth Edition, E. W. Martin (Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pa., 1980) discloses various carriers used in formulating pharmaceutically acceptable compositions and known techniques for the preparation thereof. Except insofar as any conventional carrier medium is incompatible with the compounds of the invention, such as by producing any undesirable biological effect or otherwise interacting in a deleterious manner with any other component(s) of the pharmaceutically acceptable composition, its use is contemplated to be within the scope of this invention. Some examples of materials which can serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, ion exchangers, alumina, aluminum stearate, lecithin, serum proteins, such as human serum albumin, buffer substances such as phosphates, glycine, sorbic acid, or potassium sorbate, partial glyceride mixtures of saturated vegetable fatty acids, water, salts or electrolytes, such as protamine sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, zinc salts, colloidal silica, magnesium trisilicate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylates, waxes, polyethylene-polyoxypropylene-block polymers, wool fat, sugars such as lactose, glucose and sucrose; starches such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose and cellulose acetate; powdered tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil; safflower oil; sesame oil; olive oil; corn oil and soybean oil; glycols; such a propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol, and phosphate buffer solutions, as well as other non-toxic compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and magnesium stearate, as well as coloring agents, releasing agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring and perfuming agents, preservatives and antioxidants can also be present in the composition, according to the judgment of the formulator.
[0069] In yet another aspect, a method for treating cancer is provided comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition to a subject in need thereof. In yet another aspect, a method for treating an inflammatory disease or immune-related disease is provided comprising administering an effective amount of a compound, or a pharmaceutical composition to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments of the present invention an "effective amount" of the compound or pharmaceutical composition is that amount effective for treating cancer, or is that amount effective for treating an inflammatory disease or immune-related disease. In other embodiments, an "effective amount" of a compound is an amount which inhibits binding of IKK and thereby blocks the phosphorylation of 1KB and its further downstream effects.
[0070] The compounds and compositions, according to the method of the present invention, may be administered using any amount and any route of administration effective for treating the disease. The exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the infection, the particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like. The compounds of the invention are preferably formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. The expression "dosage unit form" as used herein refers to a physically discrete unit of agent appropriate for the patient to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions of the present invention will be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific effective dose level for any particular patient or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disease; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts. The term "patient", as used herein, means an animal, preferably a mammal, and most preferably a human.
[0071] The pharmaceutically acceptable compositions of this invention can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), bucally, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the infection being treated. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention may be administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
[0072] Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active compounds, the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can also include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. [0073] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables. [0074] The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial- retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use. [0075] In order to prolong the effect of a compound of the present invention, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the compound from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This may be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the compound then depends upon its rate of dissolution that, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered compound form is accomplished by dissolving or suspending the compound in an oil vehicle. Injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of the compound in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Depending upon the ratio of compound to polymer and the nature of the particular polymer employed, the rate of compound release can be controlled. Examples of other biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues.
[0076] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds of this invention with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
[0077] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar— agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage form may also comprise buffering agents. [0078] Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polethylene glycols and the like.
[0079] The active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch. Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.
[0080] Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of this invention include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches. The active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required. Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this invention. Additionally, the present invention contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body. Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium. Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
[0081] As described above, compounds of the invention are inhibitors of IKK. Accordingly, compounds of the invention are suitable for the prophylaxis treatment and therapy of diseases, disorders and symptoms that involve increased activity of IkB kinase. These include, for example, joint inflammation (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), rheumatoid spondylitis, gouty arthritis, traumatic arthritis, rubella arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other arthritic conditions), acute synovitis, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, muscle degeneration, cachexia, Reiter's syndrome, endotoxaemia, sepsis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, gout, toxic shock syndrome, pulmonary inflammatory diseases (e.g., asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, silicosis, pulmonary sarcoidosis, and the like), bone resorption diseases, reperfusion injuries, carcinoses, leukemia, sarcomas, lymph node tumors, skin carcinoses, lymphoma, apoptosis, graft versus host reaction, graft versus host disease (GVHD), allograft rejection and leprosy.
[0082] Furthermore, the inventive compounds may be used in the treatment of immune-related diseases, symptoms and disorders, for example, infections, such as viral infections (e.g., HIV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, adenovirus, the Herpes group of viruses, and the like), parasitic infections (e.g., malaria, such as cerebral malaria), and yeast and fungal infections (e.g., fungal meningitis). In addition, the inventive compounds can be useful for treating fever and myalgias due to infection, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS related complex (ARC), cachexia secondary to infection or malignancy, cachexia secondary to AIDS or cancer, keloid and scar tissue formation, pyresis, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). The compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of diseases or injuries to the brain in which over-expression of TNF-α has been implicated, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), ischemic brain injury, e.g. cerebral infarction (stroke) and head trauma. The compounds of the invention are also useful in the treatment of psoriasis, Alzheimer's disease, carcinomatous disorders (potentiation of cytotoxic therapies), cardiac infarct, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
[0083] In some embodiments, the compounds of formula (I) are useful for treating inflammatory and immune-related diseases, disorders and symptoms, more especially, inflammatory ones such as RA, asthma, IBD, psoriasis, COPD and MS.
[0084] In other embodiments, compounds of the invention are useful for treating cancer, especially for treating cancers where IKK activity is abnormally high. The cancer types that may be treated include lymphoma, such as diffuse large B-cell (Davis, et al, J. Exp. Med. 2001, 794, 1861-1874; Lam et al., Clin. Cancer Res. 2005, 11, 28-40; Feuerhake et al, Blood, 2005, 706, 1392-1399), primary mediastinal B-cell, and mantle cell; multiple myeloma (Berenson et al, Clin. Adv. Hematol. Oncol. 2004, 2, 162-166; Gunn et al, Stem Cells, 2005); osteolytic bone metastasis (Ruocco et al., J. Exp. Med. 2005, 207, 1677- 1687; Morony, et al, Endocrinology, 2005, 146, 3235-3243; Gordon, et al., Cancer Res., 2005, 65, 3209-3217; RoleSohara, et al, Cancer Lett., 2005, 228, 203-209); head and neck squamous cell cancer (van Hogerlinden et al, J. Invest. Dermatol, 2004, 123 101-108; Tamatani et al, Int. J. Cancer., 2004, 108, 912-921; Loercher et al, Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 6511-6523; Van Waes et al., Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2005 63, 1400-1412); prostate cancer; pancreatic cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. In one embodiment, the compounds are useful for ABC lymphoma.
[0085] The compounds of this invention are also useful for treating a bone associated disease, symptom or disorder in which there is a deficit or deficiency of bone - either as a result of decreased new bone formation or an increase in bone resorption or a combination of both. Specific examples include osteoporosis, periodontal disease, osteomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, aseptic joint loosening and osteolytic lesions (typically cancer related). It is known that rheumatoid arthritis, which is characterized by inflammation of the joints, is also associated with destruction of cartilage and bone. Furthermore, it has been reported that an IKK inhibitor provided inhibition of cartilage and bone loss in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis. See Mclntyre et al., Arthritis & Rheumatism (2003), 48(9), 2652-2659. [0086] Osteoporosis is a broad term applied to a number of distinct diseases in which there is decreased bone mass. These include primary osteoporosis (e.g., post-menopausal, senile osteoporosis and juvenile osteoporosis) and secondary osteoporosis. Examples of secondary osteoporosis would be those associated with chronic diseases (e.g., chronic renal disease, hepatic insufficiency, gastrointestinal malabsorption, chronic immobilization and chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontal disease and aseptic prosthetic joint loosening), endocrine dysfunction related diseases (e.g., diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypogonadism and hypopituitarism), drug and substance related symptoms (e.g., corticosteroid, heparin, anticonvulsants, alcohol and immunosupressants), and hematological disorders (e.g., metastatic disease, myeloma, leukemia, gaucher's disease and anemia). Inhibition of either IkB directly or the NF-kB pathway indirectly has been reported to be useful for the treatment of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. See, for example, PCT applications WO 2003104219, WO 2003103658, WO 2003029242, WO 2003065972, and WO 9965495. Accordingly, this invention also provides a method of treating or preventing bone loss in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient a compound of this invention. Also provided is a method of generating bone formation in a patient comprising administering a compound of this invention. [0087] Another embodiment of the invention provides a method of inhibiting activation of NF-κB dependent gene expression associated with the inhibition of IKK catalytic activity and/or IKB phosphorylation, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof an amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, which is effective to inhibit IKK catalytic activity and/or IKB phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting activation of NF-κB dependent gene expression.
[0088] In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of treating an inflammatory or immune-related disease in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the patient an amount of at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, which is effective to treat the inflammatory or immune- disease. Preferably, the inflammatory disease, disorder or symptom is rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory bowel disease or multiple sclerosis.
[0089] In another embodiment, there is provided a method of treating cancer comprising administering to the patient an amount of at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, which is effective to treat the cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a lymphoma (more preferably non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), multiple myeloma, or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
[0090] In yet another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of treating cystic fibrosis in a patient in need of such treatment, comprising administering to the patient an amount of at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
[0091] While one or more of the inventive compounds may be used in an application of monotherapy to treat a disorder, disease or symptom, they also may be used in combination therapy, in which the use of an inventive compound or composition (therapeutic agent) is combined with the use of one or more other therapeutic agents for treating the same and/or other types of disorders, symptoms and diseases. Combination therapy includes administration of the therapeutic agents concurrently or sequentially. Alternatively, the therapeutic agents can be combined into one composition which is administered to the patient.
[0092] In one embodiment, the compounds of this invention are used in combination with other therapeutic agents, such as other inhibitors of IKK, other agents useful in treating NF-κB and TNF-α associated conditions, and agents useful for treating other disorders, symptoms and diseases. In particular, agents that induce apoptosis such as agents that disrupt cell cycle or mitochondrial function are useful in combination with the IKK inhibitors of this invention. Exemplary agents for combination with the IKK inhibitors include antiproliferative agents (e.g., methotrexate) and the agents disclosed in U.S. Pat. Application Publication No. US2003/0022898, p 14, para. [0173-0174], which is incorporated herein in its entirety. In some embodiments, a compound of the invention is administered in conjunction with a therapeutic agent selected from the group consisting of cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Non-limiting examples of cytotoxic agents suitable for use in combination with the IKK inhibitors of the invention include capecitibine; gemcitabine; irinotecan; fludarabine; 5-fluorouracil or 5- fluorouracil/ leucovorin; taxanes, including, e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel; platinum agents, including, e.g., cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin; anthracyclins, including, e.g., doxorubicin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin; mitoxantrone; dexamethasone; vincristine; etoposide; prednisone; thalidomide; herceptin; temozolomide; and alkylating agents such as melphalan, chlorambucil, and cyclophosphamide. It is understood that other combinations may be undertaken while remaining within the scope of the invention.
[0093] Another aspect of the invention relates to inhibiting IKK, activity in a biological sample or a patient, which method comprises administering to the patient, or contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula I or a composition comprising said compound. The term "biological sample", as used herein, generally includes in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo materials, and also includes, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.
[0094] Still another aspect of this invention is to provide a kit comprising separate containers in a single package, wherein the inventive pharmaceutical compounds, compositions and/or salts thereof are used in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers to treat disorders, symptoms and diseases where IkB kinase plays a role.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
GENERAL PROCEDURES:
[0095] All reactions involving air-sensitive reagents were performed under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Reagents were used as received from commercial suppliers unless otherwise noted. 1H NMR data were recorded using the Bruker UltraShield 300 MHz/54mm instrument equipped with Bruker B-ACS60 Auto
Sampler or the Varian 300 MHz instrument. Intermediates and final compounds were purified by flash chromatography using one of the following instruments: 1. Biotage 4-channel Quad UV Flash Collector equipped with a Quad 1 Pump Module and the Quad 12/25 Cartridge module. 2. Biotage 12-channel
Quad UV Flash Collector equipped with a Quad 3 Pump Module and a Quad 3 Cartridge module. 3.
ISCO combi-flash chromatography instrument. LC/MS spectra were obtained using a MicroMass
Platform LC (Phenomenx C18 column, 5 micron, 50x4.6 mm) equipped with a Gilson 215 Liquid
Handler.
[0096] ANALYTICAL LCMS CONDITIONS
Column type: Phenomenex Luna C 18(2) columns, 5 um, size 50 x 4.6 mm
Run time: 5.00 minute run
[0097] NHqQAc Conditions:
Solvent A:
10 mM NH4OAc 99% H2O l% MeCN
Solvent B:
10 mM NH4OAc
5% H2O
95% MeCN
[0098] Standard gradient:
Initial conditions - 95% A, 5% B
3.5 minute gradient from 5%-100% B
3.5 - 4.3 minutes hold at 100% B
4.3 - 5 minutes initial conditions
[0099] HCOOH Conditions:
Solvent C:
0.1% HCOOH
99% H2O
1% MeCN
Solvent D:
0.1% HCOOH
5% H2O
95% MeCN
[00100] Standard gradient:
Initial conditions - 95% C, 5% D
3.5 minute gradient from 5%-100% D
3.5 - 4.3 minutes hold at 100% D
4.3 - 5 minutes initial conditions
[00101] Schemes i-v below depict methods for the attachment of the various electrophiles to the morpholine-β-carboline scaffold: [00102] Scheme i :
Figure imgf000031_0001
[00103] Scheme ii :
Figure imgf000031_0002
[00104] Scheme iii :
Figure imgf000031_0003
[00105] Scheme iv :
Figure imgf000032_0001
[00106] Scheme v:
Figure imgf000032_0002
Mi H+
[00107] General Procedure A
[00108] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-ethyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (77)
Figure imgf000032_0003
[00109] (35)-5-(6-Chloro-9//-beta-carbolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0 180 g, 0 394 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (1 00 mL) and cooled to 0 0C in an ice bath Hydrochloric acid (1 00 mL, 4 0 mmol, 4 0 M in dioxane) was added and the reaction stirred for 15 min before the ice bath was removed and the reaction stirred at room temperature for Ih total The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo for 90 min to afford a yellow powder which was used without further purification [00110] The crude hydrochloride salt was dissolved in methanol (4.0 mL) then 1 -ethyl- l//-imidazole- 2-carbaldehyde (98 mg, 0.788 mmol, 2 eq) [prepared following general procedure E] followed by sodium cyanoborohydride (50 mg, 0.788 mmol, 2 eq) were added. The suspension was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The methanol was evaporated and the crude residue was partitioned between 2.0 M aqueous sodium carbonate and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-2% methanol/dichloromethane provided material that had to be further purified by preparative HPLC (acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer). This afforded (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H- β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l -ethyl- lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6-dirnethylmorpholine-3- carboxamide*3 [HCO2H] which was dissolved in ethanol (1.00 mL), cooled to 0 0C and treated with a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution (0.060 mL, 4.0 eq). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 min then concentrated in vacuo to give (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l -ethyl- 1 H- imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (20 mg, 8 %). [00111] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.53 (t, 3H, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.32 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.69 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 3.63 (dd, IH, J = 5.8, 6.0 Hz ), 3.89 (d, IH, J = 15.0 Hz), 4.13 (app d, 2H, J = 6.1 Hz), 4.35 (d, IH, J = 15.0 Hz), 4.49 (q, 2H, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.52 (d, IH, J = 1.6 Hz), 7.66 (d, IH, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.39 (d, IH, J = 1.3 Hz), 8.53 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.76 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz) and 9.28 (s, IH). MS m/z: 467 (M+H). [00112] General Procedure B
[00113] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]- 6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (64)
Figure imgf000033_0001
[00114] (3S)-5-(6-Chloro-9/y-beta-carbolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-moφholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (0.369 g, 0.695 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (2.00 mL) and cooled to 0 0C. Hydrochloric acid (2.00 mL, 8.0 mmol, 4.0 M in dioxane) was added and the reaction stirred for 15 min before the ice bath was removed and the reaction stirred at room temperature for Ih total. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo for 90 min to afford a yellow powder which was used without further purification. [00115] The crude hydrochloride salt was dissolved in /V,/V-dimethylformamide (9.58 mL) then N,N- diisopropylethylamine (0.605 mL, 3.47 mmol, 5 eq), potassium iodide (29 mg, 0.174 mmol, 0.25 eq) and
2-(chloromethyl)-l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (0.127 g, 0.695 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using N-Ethyl-l,2-ethanediamine (1.67 mL, 15.8 mmol)] were added and the reaction mixture was heated at 50 0C for 14 hours under an argon atmosphere.
[00116] The majority of the N,N-dimethylformamide was removed under reduced pressure and the resulting material was dry loaded on reverse phase silica. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water (containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) gave (3S)-N-
(6-chloro-9f/-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6- dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3Cθ2Η] which was dissolved in methanol (3.00 mL), cooled to
0 0C and treated with a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution (46 μL, 0.46 mmol, 5 eq). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 15 min then concentrated in vacuo to give (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β- carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3- carboxamideβ [HCl] (50 mg, 13%).
[00117] 1H-NMR (MeOD) δ: 1.24-1.28 (m, 6H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 2.34 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.93 (d, IH, J
= 11.2 Hz), 3.51-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.88-4.00 (m, 5H), 4.11-4,14 (m, 2H), 8.00-8.01 (m,
IH), 8.39 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz) 8.53 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz) and 9.25 (s, IH). MS m/z:
469 (M+H).
[00118] General Procedure C
[00119] 2-(chloromethyl)-l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole
Figure imgf000034_0001
[00120] N-Ethyl-l,2-ethanediamine (1.67 mL, 15.8 mmol) was dissolved in ethanol (14.0 mL) and the resulting solution was cooled to 0 0C in an ice-water bath. Once cooled, ethyl 2-chloro- ethanimidoate«HCl (2.50 g, 15.8 mmol, leq) (prepared as described by Michael R. Stillings, Anthony P. Welbourn, and Donald S. Walter, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986, 29(11), 2280-2284) was added portionwise over 10 minutes. The reaction remained heterogeneous and was stirred at 0 0C for 2 hours. [00121] The reaction mixture was acidified with HCl (7.91 mL, 4M in dioxane) then filtered to remove the precipitated solids. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford a brown oil which was dissolved in hot ethanol, filtered to remove solids and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(chloromethyl)-l- ethyl-4,5-dihydro-l //-imidazole as a beige solid (1.52 g, 66%) which was used without further purification. [00122] General Procedure D [00123] 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole
Figure imgf000035_0001
[00124] To a suspension of 2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»ΗCl (100 mg, 0.645 mmol, 1 eq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using ethylenediamine (0.846 mL, 12.6 mmol)] in N,N- dimethylformamide (1 mL) was added 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.299 g, 1.29 mmol, 2 eq). The suspension was cooled to 0 0C using an ice bath and iV,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.247 mL, 1.42 mmol, 2.2 eq) were added. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight to give 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole (as a 0.645M solution in N, N- dimethylformamide) which was used without further purification. [00125] General Procedure E (according literature reference Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2005, 13 , 363-
386) [00126] l-ethyl-lH-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde
Figure imgf000035_0002
[00127] To a heterogeneous mixture of imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (500 mg, 5.20 mmol, 1 eq) and potassium carbonate (863 mg, 6.24 mmol, 1.2 eq) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5.0 mL) was added iodoethane (0.499 mL, 6.24 mmol, 1.2 eq). The reaction mixture was heated to 50 0C for 5 hours then cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was separated and washed successively with water and brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give crude l-ethyl-lH-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde as a mixture with N,N- dimethylformamide (-1: 1) which was used without further purification. [00128] General Procedure F [00129] 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-l ,3-oxazole
Figure imgf000035_0003
[00130] DL-alaninol (99 μL, 1.26 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (220 uL, 1.26 mmol) were added successively to a solution of ethyl 2-chloro-ethanimidoate»HCl (200 mg, 1.26 mmol, leq) (prepared as described by Michael R. Stillings, Anthony P. Welbourn, and Donald S. Walter, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986, 29(11), 2280-2284) in N,N-dimethylformamide (3.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h and then the resulting solution containing 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methyl-
4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole was used in the subsequent reaction without further purification.
[00131] General Procedure G
[00132] 2-(chloromethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole
Figure imgf000036_0001
[00133] To a stirred solution of 4,5-dihydro-2,4,4-trimethyl-oxazole (0.250 mL, 2.00 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (7 mL) at 0 0C, was added dropwise a solution of tert-butyl hypochlorite (0.254 mL, 2.25 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (1 mL) over 15 minutes. The reaction was stirred at 0 0C for 1 hour, then at room temp for 3 hr. The reaction was then concentrated to ~2 mL volume and partitioned between diethyl ether and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate , filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 2-(chloromethyl)- 4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole (262 mg, 90%) as a colorless oil.
[00134] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.29 (s, 6H), 4.03 (s, 2H), 4.07 (s, 3H). MS m/z: 148 (M+H). [00135] General Procedure H
[00136] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[((4Λ)-4-methyl-4^-dihydro-13- oxazol-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide and (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- diniethyl-4-[((4S)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxainide (80) and (81)
Figure imgf000036_0002
[00137] (35)-5-(6-Chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (200 mg, 0.420 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (1.00 mL) and cooled to 0 0C. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.00 mL) was added and the reaction stirred for 15 min then at room temperature for Ih total. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo for 90 min to afford a brown solid which was used without further purification. [00138] A solution of the crude trifluoracetate salt, /V,/V-diisopropylethyl amine (0.48 mL, 2.76 mmol) and potassium iodide (9.0 mg, 0.054 mmol) in /V,/V-dimethylformamide (2.0 mL) was added to a solution of 2-(chloromethyl)-4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole [prepared according to general procedure F using DL-alaninol (36 μL, 0.460 mmol)] in DMF (1.10 mL). The reaction stirred at 55 0C for 12 hours under an argon atmosphere.
[00139] The reaction was cooled to room temperature and partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane allowed separation (80 eluted first followed by 81) of the diastereomeric mixture to afford each compound as a single diastereomer of unassigned absolute configuration: 6.1 mg (3.2% yield) and 4.9 mg (2.5% yield).
[00140] (80) 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.26 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.46 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz), 2.45 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.80 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.21 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 3.27-3.31 (m, IH), 3.58 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 3.39-3.97 (m, IH), 4.03-4.09 (m, 2H), 4.47-4.55 (m, 2H), 7.88-7.90 (m, 2H), 8.04 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.46 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.92 (s, IH), 9.72 (br s, IH) and 11.53 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 456 (M+H). [00141] (81) 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.26 (s, 3H), 1.34-1.37 (m, 6H), 2.46 (d, IH, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.89 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.26-3.32 (m, 2H), 3.59 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 3.93-4.08 (m, 3H), 4.41-4.56 (m, 2H), 7.79 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.90 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 7.92 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.46 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.95 (s, IH), 9.76 (br s, IH) and 11.01 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 456 (M+H). [00142] General Procedure I Oi
Figure imgf000037_0001
[00143] 2-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-l-yl]-N,N-dimethylacetamide-HCl
(R'=R2=Me)
[00144] To a solution of ethyl [(2-aminoethyl)amino]acetate«[2HCl] (3.0 g, 14.0 mmol, 1.0 eq) in 1,4- dioxane (20.0 mL) and water (40.0 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (3.28 g, 82.0 mol, 6.0 eq) and di- tert-butyldicarbonate (5.98 g, 27.4 mmol, 2 eq). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The dioxane was removed in vacuo and the remaining aqueous mixture was acidified to pH6 with a 0.5 M aqueous citric acid solution. The resulting mixture was extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give ((tert-butoxycarbonyl){2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl }amino)acetic a cid (2.0 g, 44 % yield) as a white powder.
[00145] To a solution of ((tert-butoxycarbonyl){2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl}amino)acetic acid (0.300 g, 0.942 mmol, 1 eq) in tetrahydrofuran (1.5 mL) was added N-^-Dimethylamino-propyO-N1- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.361 g, 1.88 mmol, 2.0 eq) and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole (0.191 g, 1.41 mmol, 1.5 eq). After 5 min dimethylamine (2.83 mL, 5.65 mol, 2.00 M in tetrahydrofuran, 6.0 eq) was added to the suspension and the reaction mixture stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and aqueous
0.5 M citric acid. The organic phase was separated and washed successively with IN aqueous NaOH (x3), brine (x2), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give tert-butyl {2-[(tert- butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl } [2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl] carbamate (300 mg, 83%).
[00146] To a solution of tert-butyl {2-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]ethyl } [2-(dimethylamino)-2- oxoethyl] carbamate (0.400 g, 1.16 mmol, 1.0 eq) in methanol (1.5 mL) was added HCl (3.0 mL, 13.6 mmol, 4.00 M in dioxane, 11.8 eq) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours.
The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-/V,N- dimethylacetamide»2[HCl] (300 mg, >95%) as an off-white powder.
[00147] 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-N,N-dimethylacetamide»2[HCl] (0.300 g, 1.38 mmol, 1.0 eq) was suspended in ethanol (1.70 mL) and the resulting suspension was cooled to 0 0C. N,N-diisopropylethyl amine (0.479 mL, 2.75 mmol, 2.0 eq) was added followed by ethyl 2-chloroethanimidoate»HCl (0.217 g,
1.38 mmol, 1.0 eq) (prepared according to the method of Stillings, Michael R.; Welbourn, Anthony P.;
Walter, Donald S.; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 1986, 29, 2280-4) portionwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 0C for 2hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 0C and acidified to pHl with
HCl (1.0 mL, 4.0 mmol, 4M in dioxane). The contents of the flask were filtered to remove the precipitated solids and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro- l//-imidazol-l-yl]-N,N-dimethylacetamide»HCl (830 mg) as a white solid contaminated with N,N- diisopropylethylamine«[HCl]. This crude material was used in the subsequent step without further purification.
[00148] General Procedure J
[00149] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(lH-pyrazol-3-ylmethyl)morpholine-3- carboxamide (8)
Figure imgf000039_0001
[00150] tert-buty\ (35)-3-{ [(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)amino]carbonyl }moφholine-4-carboxylate (250 mg, 0.580 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2.00 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2.00 mL) was added. The reaction stirred at room temperature for 30 min, then was concentrated in vacuo to afford a brown solid which was used without further purification.
[00151] The crude trifluoroacetate salt was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (6.50 mL) then lH-pyrazole- 3-carbaldehyde (85 mg, 0.885 mmol, 1.5 eq) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (184 mg, 0.870 mmol, 1.5 eq) were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h and then partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium carbonate and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-10% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (112 mg, 48 %) as the free base.
[00152] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.28 - 2.45 (m, 1 H), 2.89 (br d, 1 H, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.18 - 3.26 (m,l H), 3.52 - 3.71 (m, 3 H), 3.78 (br d, 1 H, J = 10.9 Hz), 3.87 (br d, 1 H, J = 14.6 Hz), 3.98 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.0, 10.9 Hz), 6.19 - 6.33 (br m, 1 H), 7.86 (br s, 1 H), 8.16 (d, 1 H, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.23 (br s, 1 H), 8.38 (d, I H1 J = 4.9 Hz), 9.05 - 9.11 (br m, 1 H), 10.06 (br s, 1 H), 12.84 (br s, 1 H). MS m/z: 411 (M+H). [00153] Experimental Section
[00154] (3S)-Λ46-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl -4-{[(4S)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3- oxazol-2-yl]methyl}morpholine-3-carboxamide (1)
Figure imgf000039_0002
[00155] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl -4-{ [(4S)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3- oxazol-2-yl]methyl }morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure Η using (4S)- 2-(chloromethyl)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazo!e (43 mg, 0.218 mol) (prepared according to the method of Ye, Meng-Chun; Li, Bin; Zhou, Jian; Sun, Xiu-Li; Tang, Yong, Journal of Organic Chemistry,
2005, 70, 6108-6110). Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (8.1 mg, 17%).
[00156] 1H-NMR Cd4-MeOD) δ: 1.26 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 2.63 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.95 (d, IH, J =
11.4 Hz), 3.39-3.43 (m, IH), 3.71 (s, 2H), 3.96-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.31 (m, 2H), 5.40 (m, IH), 7.26-7.42
(m, 5H), 7.69-7.70 (m, IH), 8.03-8.10 (m, 2H) and 8.24-8.30 (m, 2H). MS m/z: 518 (M+l).
[00157] (3S)-Λ'-(6-chloro-9H- β-carbolin-8-yI)-4-({l-[2-(dimethyIamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5-dihydro- lH-imidazol^-ylJmethyO-όjό-dimethylmorpholine-S-carboxamideOtΗCl] (2)
Figure imgf000040_0001
[00158] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-({ l-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4,5-dihydro- lH-imidazol-2-yl}methyl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-l-yl]-N,N- dimethylacetamideΗCl (222 mg, 0.926 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure I]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-30% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (30 mg, 10%).
[00159] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) 6: 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 2.31 (d, IH, J = 10.5 Hz), 2.82-2.92 (m, 4H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 3.42 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.54 (dd, IH, J = 4.6, 8.1 Hz), 3.87 (d, IH, J = 15.7 Hz), 3.91-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.06-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.79 (d, IH, J = 17.4 Hz), 5.04 (d, IH, J = 17.4 Hz), 8.12 (d, IH, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.40 (d, IH, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 8.78 (d, IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 526 (M+H).
[00160] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(6,8-diazaspiro[3.5]non-6-en-7-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide#3[CF3CO2H] (3)
Figure imgf000041_0001
[00161] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9//- -carbolin N-8-yl)-4-(6,8°-diazaspiro[3.5]non-6-en-7-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3CO2H] was prepared following general procedure B using 7- (chloromethyl)-6,8-diazaspiro[3.5]non-6-ene*HCl (160 mg, 0.760 mmol, 2.2eq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using cyclobutane-l,l-diyldimethanamine (0.91g, 7.97 mol; prepared as described in Journal of Molecular Structure, 1987, 759, 123)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (22 mg, 10%).
[00162] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.18 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.99-2.17 (m, 8H), 3.17 (d, IH, J = 10.6 Hz), 3.45 (s, 4H), 3.94-4.32 (m, 4H), 7.49 (s, IH), 7.66 (s, IH), 8.14 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.26 (d, IH, J = 4.7 Hz), 9.27 (br s, IH), 9.40 (br s, IH), 9.96 (br s, IH) and 13.52 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 495 (M+H). [00163] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-lr3-oxazin-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (4)
Figure imgf000041_0002
[00164] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9/y-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazin-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmoφhoIine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure Η using 2- (chloromethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine [prepared according to general procedure F using 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl-l-propanol (60 mg, 0.579 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (3.9 mg, 0.6%). MS m/z: 484 (M+Η). [00165] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.05 (s, 3H), 1.08 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 2.41 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.89 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.99 (d, IH, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.16-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.52 (d. IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.88 (s, 2H), 3.89-3.96 (m, IH), 4.03-4.08 (m, IH), 7.81 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.89-7.92 (m, 2H), 8.45 (d, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.95 (d, IH, J = 1.2 Hz), 9.79 (br s, IH) and 11.36 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 484 (M+H). [00166] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[l,5- a]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)morphoIine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCI] (5)
Figure imgf000042_0001
[00167] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[l,5- a]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide»3 [HCl] was prepared following general procedure A using 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydroimidazo[l,5-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde (188 mg, 1.25 mmol, 3.0 eq) [prepared in two steps from commercially available imidazo[l,5-A]pyridine. Reduction by hydrogenation using platinum dioxide in trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature (according to the procedure of Latrell Rudolf et al., The journal of antibiotics, 1988, 41(10), 1395-1408) followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide gave 5,6,7, 8-tetrahydroimidazo[l,5-a]pyridine. Formylation using n-butyl lithium in diethyl ether followed by treatment with N,N-dimethylformamide (according to the procedure of Lawrence I. Kruse et al, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1990, 33(2), 781-789) gave 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[l,5- a]pyridine-3-carbaldehyde]. Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 2-5% methanol/dichloromethane followed by preparative HPLC purification (acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer: 5/95/0.01 to 30/70/0.01 over 20 min) gave the product as the formic acid salt. Final HCl salt formation afforded the target compound (65 mg, 24%).
[00168] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.96 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.13 (m, 2H), 2.33 (d, IH, J = 11.3 Hz ), 2.76 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.84-2.92 (m, 2H), 3.65 (dd, IH, J = 6.1, 5.7 Hz), 3.89 (d, IH, J = 15.0 Hz), 4.14 (app d, 2H, J = 5.6 Hz), 4.28 (d, IH, J = 15.9 Hz), 4.33-4.48 (m, 2H), 7.20 (s, IH), 8.05 (s, IH), 8.38 (s, IH), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 8.76 (d, IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 493 (M+H).
[00169] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)morpholine-3- carboxamide (6)
Figure imgf000043_0001
[00170] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)moφholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using l,3-thiazole-2-carbaldehyde (67 mg, 0.595 mmol,
2eq). Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography afforded the target compound (39 mg,
31%).
[00171] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 2.74 (ddd, IH, J = 12.2, 9.2, 3.8 Hz), 3.21 (ddd, IH, J = 12.2, 6.3, 3.8
Hz), 3.59 (dd, IH, J = 8.3, 3.8 Hz), 3.88 (ddd, IH, J = 11.5, 9.2, 2.6 Hz), 3.96-4.07 (m, 2H), 4.20 (d, IH, J
= 15.1 Hz), 4.25 (dd, IH, J = 11.5, 3.8 Hz), 4.42 (d, IH, J = 15.1 Hz), 7.74 (d, IH, J = 3.4 Hz), 7.80 (d,
IH, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.98 (d, IH, J = 3.4 Hz), 8.18-8.20 (m, 3H), 8.43 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz) and 9.00 (s, IH).
MS m/z: 428 (M+l).
[00172] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[l-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro- lH-imidazol^-ylJmethylj-όjδ-dimethylmorpholine-S-carboxamide'StΗCl] (7)
Figure imgf000043_0002
[00173] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [l-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro- l//-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide#3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazole (184 mg, 0.874 mmol, 1.6 eq) [prepared following general procedure D using 2,2difluoroethyltrifluoromethanesulfonate]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (115 mg, 31%).
[00174] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 1.47 (s, 3H), 2.38 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.86 (d, IH, J = 10.8 Hz), 3.56-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.83 (d, IH, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.89 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.98 (d, IH, J = 15.9 Hz), 4.10-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.18-4.39 (m, 2H), 6.34 (app t, IH, J = 45.11 Hz), 8.08 (d, IH, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.36 (d, IH, J = 2.2 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 6.4 Hz), 9.30 (s, IH). MS m/z: 533 (M+H).
[00175] (3S)-Λ^-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)methyl]morpholine-3- carboxamide (9)
Figure imgf000044_0001
[00176] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(3-fluoropyridin-4-yl)methyl]moφholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using 3-fluoroisonicotinaldehyde (81 mg,
0.653 mmol, 2.5eq). Purification by flash chromatography eluting with 2-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (12 mg, 11%).
[00177] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.68-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 2H), 3.29-4.18 (m, 5H), 7.70-7.77 (m,
IH), 8.11-8.15 (m, IH), 8.22 (s, 2H), 8.29-8.39 (m, 3H), 8.46 (d, IH, J = 12.2 Hz), 8.99 (d, IH, J = 2.4
Hz) and 11.71 (d, IH, J = 30.5 Hz). MS m/z: 423 (M+H).
[00178] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carboIin-8-yl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (10)
Figure imgf000044_0002
[00179] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure H using 2-(chloromethyl)- 4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole (26 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure G using 4,5- dihydro-2-methyl-oxazole (170 mg, 2.00 mmol)J. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (28 mg, 31%).
[00180] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 2.47 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.81 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.40-3.55 (m, 3H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 4H), 4.23-4.29 (m, 2H), 7.86 (s, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.16 (s, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 8.23 (s, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.38 (s, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 9.02 (s, IH), 10.13 (s, IH), and 11.51 (s, IH). MS m/z: 442 (M+H).
[00181] (3S)-Λ/-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2- yl)methyl)-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (11)
Figure imgf000045_0001
[00182] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl)- 6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure Η using 2- (chloromethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole (32 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [prepared following general procedure G using 4,5-dihydro-2,4,4-trimethyl-oxazole (0.250 mL, 2.00 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (48 mg, 45%).
[00183] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.18 (s, 3H), 1.22 (s, 3H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.60 (m, IH), 2.79 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.36-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.62 (d, IH, J = 15.3 Hz), 3.80-3.93 (m, 2H), 3.97 (s, 2H), 7.79 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.17 (d, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.24 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.38 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 9.01 (s, IH), 10.14 (br s, IH) and 11.44 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 470 (M+H).
[00184] (3S)-MethyI 2-[(5-{ [(ό-chloro-PH-β-carboIin-S-yOaminoJcarbonyl}^- dimethylmorphoIin-4-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole-5-carboxylate»3[ΗCI] (12)
Figure imgf000045_0002
[00185] (35)-Methyl-2-[(5-{ [(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)amino]carbonyl }-2,2-dimethylmoφholin- 4-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole-5-carboxylate*3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using methyl 2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazole- 5-carboxylate (138 mg, 0.650 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using methyl 2,3-diaminopropanoate*2[HCl] (1.79 g, 9.00 mmol) (which was prepared according to the procedure of Defacqz, N.; Van, T.; Cordi, A.; Marchand-
Brynaert. J.; Tetrahedron Letters, 2003, 44, 9111)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid , followed by
HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound as an inseparable mixture (1: 1) of diastereomers (64 mg, 17%).
[00186] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.30-1.46 (m, 6H), 2.34-2.42 (m, IH), 2.94-3.06 (m, IH), 3.51-3.69
(m, 2H), 3.79-3.90 (m, 4H), 4.11-4.30 (m, 5H), 8.04 (br s, IH), 8.42 (s, IH), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz),
8.77 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz) and 9.28 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 499 (M+H).
[00187] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-p-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(4-methyl-lH-imidazol-5- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide (13)
Figure imgf000046_0001
[00188] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(4-methyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]morpholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure B using (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol- 8-yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.180 mmol, leq) and 4-methyl-lΗ-imidazole-5- carbaldehyde(30 mg, 0.270 mmol, 1.5 eq). Purification using reverse phase HPLC eluting with acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% ammonium acetate afforded the target compound (54 mg, 71%) as the freebase.
[00189] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.90 (s, 3H), 2.42 (ddd, IH, J = 12.0, 9.0, 3.6 Hz), 2.91 (d, IH, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.49-3.90 (m, 6H), 4.12 (dd, IH, J = 11.0, 6.0 Hz), 7.13 (s, IH), 7.83-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.94 (s, IH), 8.08-8.12 (m, 2H), 8.32 (d, IH, J = 5.0 Hz) and 8.94 (s, IH). MS m/z: 425 (M+H). [00190] (3S)-4-(l-benzothien-2-ylmethyI)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yI)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (14)
Figure imgf000047_0001
[00191] (35)-4-(l-benzothien-2-ylmethyl)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-
3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using benzo[B]thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde
(105 mg, 0.648 mmol, 2 eq). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with
5% methanol/methylene chloride afforded the target compound (35 mg, 18%).
[00192] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.24 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 2.33 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.89 (d, IH, J =
11.7 Hz), 3.37 (dd, IH, J = 4.7, 8.2 Hz ), 3.82 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 3.99 (dd, IH, J = 8.8, 12.3 Hz), 4.09-
4.20 (m, 2H), 7.21 (s, IH), 7.29 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.34-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.73 (m, IH), 7.85-7.88 (m,
2H), 7.92 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.44 (br s, IH), 8.87 (br s, IH), 9.34 (s, IH) and 10.10 (br s, IH). MS m/z:
505 (M+H).
[00193] (SSJ-yV^ό-chloro-PH-p-carbolin-S-yO-ό^-dimethyl^KS^^^a-tetrahydro-lH- imidazo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazin-3-yImethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (15)
Figure imgf000047_0002
[00194] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-car olin- N8-yl)-6 V,6-dimethyl-4-(5,6,8,8a-tetrahydro-l//-imidazo[5,l- cKl^oxazin-S-ylmethyOmorpholine-S-carboxarnideOfHCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 3-(chloromethyl)-5,6,8,8a-tetrahydro-l//-imidazo[5,l-c][l,4]oxazine»HCl (211 mg, 1.00 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure C using l-morpholin-3-ylmethanamine»2[HCl] (190 mg, 1.00 mmol, 1.0 eq) and diisopropylethyl amine (0.350 mL, 2.01 mmol, 2.0 eq) to free base the HCl salt (l-Morpholin-3-ylmethanamine»2[HCl] was prepared in four steps from 3-morpholine carboxylic acid: BOC protection of the amine (di-tert-butyldicarbonate/sodium hydroxide/wateπdioxane (2: 1)) followed by conversion of the carboxylic acid to the primary amide (yV-(3-Dimethylamino-propyl)-N1- ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride/ 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole/ammonnium hydroxide/tetrahydrofuran), then primary amide reduction (1.0 M borane'tetrahydrofuran complex in tetrahydrofuran) and final BOC de- protection (hydrogen chloride gas bubbled through ethanol) gave the diamine]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (28 mg, 9%).
[00195] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.41 (m, IH), 2.86-3.02 (m, IH), 3.41-3.73 (m, 6H), 3.93-4.14 (m, 6H), 4.35 (d, IH, J = 12.8 Hz), 4.58 (d, IH, J = 12.8 Hz), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 7.4 Hz), 8.40 (s, IH), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.76 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 497 (M+H).
[00196] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-p-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(dimethylamino)-2-iminoethyl]-6,6- diniethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3Cθ2Η] (16)
Figure imgf000048_0001
[00197] dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3CO2Η] was prepared following general procedure B using 2- chloro-/V,/V-dimethylethanimidamide*HCl (36 mg, 0.232 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using dimethylamine (10 mL, 2M in tetrahydrofuran, 20.0 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (5 mg, 4%).
[00198] 1H-NMR (MeOD) δ: 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 2.40 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.86 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.50-3.68 (m, 3H), 3.85 (d, IH, J = 16.4 Hz), 4.14 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 7.80 (d, IH, J = 2.3 Hz), 8.18 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.27 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz) 8.39 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz) and 9.0 (br s, IH) and MS m/z: 443 (M+H).
[00199] (35)-Λ/-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl -4-[(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazol-2-yl)methyl]morphoIine-3-carboxamide#3[CF3Cθ2Η] (17)
Figure imgf000049_0001
[00200] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9W-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl -4-[(4-methyl-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-
2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide#3[CF3Cθ2H] was prepared following general procedure B using
2-(chlorornethyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (37 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using 1,2-diaminopropane (1.00 mL, 11.7 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (21 mg, 21%) as an inseparable (1: 1) mixture of diastereomers.
[00201] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.22-2.23 (m, 6H), 1.25 (d, 3H, J = 6.3 Hz), 1.27 (d, 3H, J = 6.5 Hz),
1.29-1.31 (m, 6H), 2.19-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.82 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.88 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.15-3.18 (m,
2H), 3.40-3.52 (m, 6H), 3.87-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.99 (m, 2H), 4.00-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.35 (m, 2H),
8.00 (m, 2H), 8.47 (m, 2H), 8.25 (m, 2H), 8.63 (m, 2H), 9.25 (m, 2H), 9.95-9.96 (m, 2H), 10.09 (m, 2H),
10.26 (m, 2H) and 12.14 (m, 2H). MS m/z: 455 (M+H).
[00202] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)πiorpholine-3-carboxamide
(18)
Figure imgf000049_0002
[00203] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)moφholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using isonicotinaldehyde »ΗC1 (155 mg, 1.40 mmol, 4eq). Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography afforded the target compound (44 mg, 30%). [00204] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 2.42 (ddd, IH, J = 12.3, 9.4, 3.5 Hz), 2.93 (ddd, IH, J = 11.7, 5.8, 2.3 Hz), 3.41 (dd, IH, J = 8.8, 4.1 Hz), 3.55 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 3.76 (ddd, IH, J = 11.7, 9.4, 2.3 Hz), 3.83- 3.96 (m, 2H), 4.11 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 4.17 (dd, IH7 J = 11.2, 3.5 Hz), 7.56-7.59 (m, 3H), 8.10-8.11 (m, 2H), 8.32 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.47-8.49 (m, 2H) and 8.88 (s, IH). MS m/z: 422 (M+l). [00205] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-isoproρyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (19)
Figure imgf000050_0001
[00206] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-isopropyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure A using 1- isopropyl-l//-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (115 mg, 0.834 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure E using isopropyl iodide]. Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-3% methanol/dichloromethane, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (33 mg, 13%). [00207] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.24 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 1.53-1.61 (m, 6H), 2.33 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.70 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 3.64 (dd, IH, J = 5.7, 6.0 Hz), 3.88 (d, IH, J = 14.5 Hz), 4.14 (app d, 2H, J = 6.1 Hz), 4.39 (d, IH, J = 14.5 Hz), 5.35-5.44 (m, IH), 7.55 (d, IH, J = 2.1 Hz), 7.80 (d, IH, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.08 (d, IH, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.39 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 9.30 (s, IH). MS m/z: 481 (M+H).
[00208] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- ylJmethylJ-όjό-dimethylmorpholine-S-carboxamideβtCFsCOzΗ] (20)
Figure imgf000050_0002
[00209] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-2- yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxarnide»3[CF3CO2Η] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-l-yl]ethanol»HCl (43 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanoI (1.33 mL, 12.6 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (42 mg, 23%). MS m/z: 485 (M+H). [00210] 1H-NMR Cd6-DMSO) δ: 1.20 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 2.18 (d, IH, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.87 (d, IH, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.38-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.61 (m, 3H), 3.69-3.72 (m, IH), 3.79-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.90 (d, IH, J = 16.2), 3.95-3.98 (m, 3H), 4.02-4.04 (m, IH), 8.05 (s, IH), 8.52 (s, IH), 8.63 (d, IH, J = 5.6 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 5.6 Hz), 9.34 (s, IH), 9.88 (s, IH), 10.47 (s, IH) and 12.41 (s, IH).
[00211] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(l,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[l,5-a]pyridin-3- ylmethyO-θjό-dimethylmorpholine-S-carboxamiderStCFjCOzΗ] (21)
Figure imgf000051_0001
[00212] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(l,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[l,5-a]pyridin-3- ylmethyl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3Cθ2Η] was prepared following general procedure B using 3-(chloromethyl)-l,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydroimidazo[l,5-a]pyridine*HCl (43 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using 2-(aminomethyl)-piperidine (0.672 g, 5.88 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (82 mg, 45%) as an inseparable (1: 1) mixture of diastereomers.
[00213] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.20-1.21 (m, 6H), 1.30-1.31 (m, 6H), 1.44-1.54 (m, 6H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.88-1.93 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.79-2.87 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.17 (m, 2H), 3.31-3.48 (m, 6H), 3.86-4.15 (m, 10H), 4.38-4.43 (m, 2H), 8.06-8.08 (m, 2H), 8.50-8.51 (m, 2H), 8.61-8.63 (m, 2H), 8.70- 8.72 (m, 2H), 9.33 (m, 2H), 9.96-10.00 (m, 2H), 10.44-10.45 (m, 2H) and 12.27 (m, 2H). MS m/z: 495 (M+H).
[00214] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yI)methyl]morpholine-3- carboxamide (22)
Figure imgf000051_0002
[00215] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]moφholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using 6-methylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde (72 mg, 0.595 mmol, 2eq). Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography afforded the target compound (44 mg, 30%).
[00216] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 2.47 (s, 3H), 2.53 (dd, IH, J = 10.2, 3.4 Hz), 2.88 (ddd, IH, J = 12.1, 5.3, 2.6 Hz), 3.42 (dd, IH, J = 9.0, 3.8 Hz), 3.63 (d, IH, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.71 (ddd, IH, J = 10.2, 2.3, 2.3 Hz), 3.84-3.91 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.20 (m, 2H), 7.18 (d, IH, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.35 (d, IH, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.61-7.72 (m, 2H), 8.09-8.11 (m, 2H), 8.33 (d, IH, J = 5.7 Hz) and 8.88 (d, IH, J = 1.1 Hz). MS m/z: 436 (M+l). [00217] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-p-carboIin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(3-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.4]non-l-en-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (23)
Figure imgf000052_0001
ocrOo
[00218] (3S)-Λ/-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl -4-(3-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.4]non-l-en-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure Η using 2- (chloromethyl)-3-oxa-l-azaspiro[4.4]non-l-ene [prepared according to general procedure F using 1- amino-1-cyclopentanemethanol (67 mg, 0.579 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-4% methanol/dichloromethane gave the target compound (4.4 mg, 0.5%). MS m/z: 496 (M+Η). [00219] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.85-2.02 (m, 4H), 2.48 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.82 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.30-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.54 (d, IH, J = 14.6 Hz), 3.96-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 7.57 (s, IH), 7.90-7.94 (m, 2H), 8.48 (br s, IH), 8.96 (br s, IH), 9.93 (br s, IH) and 10.62 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 496 (M+H).
[00220] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{[l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-lH- imidazol-2-yl]methyl}morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (24)
Figure imgf000053_0001
[00221] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{ [l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-lH-imidazol- 2-yl]methyl }morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure A using 1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)- lH-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde (165 mg, 0.926 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure E using 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate at room temperature]. Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-6% methanol/dichloromethane, followed by a second purification by preparative ΗPLC (acetonitrile/water/ammonium acetate buffer) gave the product as the free base. Final HCl salt formation afforded the target compound (41 mg, 13%). [00222] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.23 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 2.37 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.59 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.62-3.72 (m, IH), 3.91 (d, IH, J = 15.5 Hz), 4.07-4.20 (m, 2H), 4.39 (d, IH, J = 15.6 Hz), 5.37-5.53 (m, IH), 5.84-6.00 (m, IH), 7.61-7.81 (m, 2H), 8.10 (s, IH), 8.38 (s, IH), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 4.1 Hz), 8.76 (d, IH, J = 4.4 Hz), 9.30 (s, IH). MS m/z: 521 (M+H).
[00223] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (25)
Figure imgf000053_0002
[00224] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure B using 4- (chloromethyl)pyrimidine (54 mg, 0. 337 mmol, l.leq) (which was prepared according to the procedure of Russell, M. G. Ν.; Carling, R. W.; Atack, J. R.; Bromidge, F. A.; Cook, S. M.; Hunt, P.; Isted, C; Lucas, M.; Mckernan, R. M.; Mitchinson, A.; Moore, K. W.; Νarquizian, R.; Macaulay, A. J.; Thomas, D.; Thompson, S-A.; Wafford, K. A.; Castro, J. L.; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2005, 48, 1367- 1383). Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (20 mg, 20%). [00225] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.19 (s, 3H), 1.26 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.48 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.95- 4.16 (m, 3H), 7.35 (d, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 7.78 (s, IH), 7.90-7.94 (m, 2H), 8.47 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 8.83 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 8.98 (s, IH), 9.51 (s, IH), 10.44 (bs, IH) and 10.65 (bs, IH). MS m/z: 451 (M+H). [00226] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[(4/?)-4-isobutyl-4,5-dihydro-l-3-oxazol-2- yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (26)
Figure imgf000054_0001
[00227] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [(4Λ)-4-isobutyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2- yl]methyl }-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure Η using
(4Λ)-2-(chloromethyl)-4-isobutyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole [prepared according to general procedure F using (2Λ)-2-amino-4-methylpentan-l-ol (68 mg, 0.579 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (25 mg,
9%).
[00228] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 0.92-0.96 (m, 6H), 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.33-1.41 (m, 4H), 1.66-1.74 (m, 2H),
2.47 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.86 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.30-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.55 (d, IH, J = 14.6 Hz), 3.95-
4.08 (m, 3H), 4.30-4.40 (m, IH), 4.47-4.53 (m, IH), 7.64 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.90 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz),
7.93 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.46 (d, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.95 (s, IH), 9.87 (br s, IH), and 10.74 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 498 (M+l).
[00229] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide
(27)
Figure imgf000054_0002
[00230] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)moφholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using nicotinaldehyde (0.100 mL, 1.00 mmol, 1.5eq). Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 2-5% methanol /dichloromethane containing 1% triethylamine afforded the target compound (200 mg, 68%).
[00231] 1H-NMR Cd6-DMSO) 6: 2.37-2.45 (m, IH), 2.84 (d, IH, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.39 (m, IH), 3.57-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.79 (m, 2H), 4.04-4.09 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.33 (m, IH), 7.58 (d, IH, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.81(dd, IH, J= 7.6, 1.8 Hz), 8.17 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 8.23 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.38 (d, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.55 (dd, IH, J = 4.9, 1.8 Hz), 9.05 (d, IH, J = 1.2 Hz), 10.25 (s, IH) and 11.45 (s, IH). MS m/z: 422 (M+H). [00232] (35)-4-{[l-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-iV-(6-chloro-9H- β-carbolin-S-yO-ό^-dimethylmorpholine-S-carboxamideOtΗCl] (28)
Figure imgf000055_0001
[00233] (35)-4-{ [l-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-N-(6-chloro-9H-β- carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-l-yl]acetamide»HCl (141 mg, 0.667 mmol, 1.8 eq) [prepared following general procedure I using ammonium hydroxide in the amide coupling step]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-30% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (20 mg, 8%).
[00234] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, IH, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.92 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.24 (dd, 2H, J = 7.3, 14.63 Hz), 3.43 (d, IH, J = 16.7 Hz), 3.69-3.78 (m, 3H), 3.88 (d, IH, J = 16.7 Hz), 4.14-4.19 (m, 2H), 8.04 (d, IH, J = 1.3 Hz), 8.37 (d, IH, J = 1.7 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.6 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 9.27 (s, IH). MS m/z: 498 (M+H).
[00235] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{[l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yI]methyl}morpholine-3-carboxamide#3[ΗCl] (29)
Figure imgf000056_0001
[00236] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{ [l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro- lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl }moφholine-3-carboxarnide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole (56 mg, 0.278 mmol, 1.2 eq) [prepared following general procedure D]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (8.0 mg, 5%).
[00237] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 2.37 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.91 (d, IH, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.53-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.95-4.07 (m, 3H), 4.12-4.18 (m, 4H), 4.39-4.49 (m, IH), 4.58-4.70 (m, IH), 8.03 (d, IH, J = 1.9 Hz), 8.41 (d, IH, J = 2.1 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 9.28 (s, IH). MS m/z: 523 (M+H).
[00238] (35)-4-[(l-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazoI-2-yl)methyI]-iV-(6-chloro-9H-p-carbolin-8- yl)-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide«3[ΗCl] (30)
Figure imgf000056_0002
[00239] (35)-4-[(l-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-l/y-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)- 6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 1- benzyl-2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (204 mg, 0.834 mmol, 1.2eq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using /V-benzylethylenediamine (1.90 mL, 12.6 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (117 mg, 28%). [00240] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.00 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.83 (m, 5H), 3.96-4.13 (m, 4H), 7.28-7.34 (m, 5H), 8.00-8.04 (m, IH), 8.39 (s, IH), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz) and 9.24 (s, IH). MS nVz: 531 (M+H). [00241] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[l-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (31)
Figure imgf000057_0001
[00242] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [l-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(cyclohexylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole (140 mg, 0.654 mmol, 1.5eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using /V-(cyclohexylmethyl)ethane-l,2-diamine (0.360 g, 2.30 mmol) (which was prepared as described in Zeitschrifi ficer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 1966, 344(3-4), 200)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid then by preparative HPLC (eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer), followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (25 mg, 9%).
[00243] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 0.92-1.20 (m, 4H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.55-1.69 (m, 7H), 2.38 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.94 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.48-3.70 (m, 3H), 3.84-3.96 (m, 6H), 4.10-4.13 (m, 2H), 8.12 (d, IH, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.34 (d, IH, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.73 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz) and 9.29 (s, IH). MS m/z: 537 (M+H).
[00244] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-difluoro-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] (32)
Figure imgf000058_0001
[00245] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-difluoro-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine»HCl (110 mg, 0.52 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using 2,2-difluoro-l,3-diaminopropane»2HCl (101 mg, 0.552 mmol; prepared as described in WO 2004/060376) in DMF with 2 eq. diisopropylethylamine]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (63 mg, 19%).
[00246] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD, 3 trifluoroacetic acid salt) δ: 1.31 (s, 3 H), 1.41 (s, 3 H), 2.38 (d, 1 H, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.91 (d, 1 H, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.51 (d, 1 H, 16.7 Hz), 3.67 (ddd, 1 H, 2.0, 4.9, 4.9 Hz), 3.84 - 4.00 (m, 5 H), 4.09 - 4.23 (m, 2 H), 8.04 ( dd, 1 H, J = 1.7, 1.7 Hz), 8.36 (dd, 1 H, J = 2.1, 2.1Hz), 8.53 (dd, 1 H, J = 1.6, 6.1 Hz), 8.73 (dd, 1 H, J = 1.6, 6.1 Hz), 9.23 (br s, 1 H). MS m/z: 491 (M+H). [00247] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(4,4-dimethyl-4^-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3Cθ2Η] (33)
Figure imgf000058_0002
[00248] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide#3[CF3Cθ2H] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-lA/-imidazole»HCl (40 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using l,2-diamino-2-methylpropane (1.33 mL, 12.6 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (48 mg, 27%). [00249] 1H-NMR Cd6-DMSO) δ: 1.23 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 2.21 (d, IH, J =
11.0 Hz), 2.84 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.41 (t, IH, J = 5.80), 3.47 (d, 2H, J = 16.2), 3.89 (d, 2H, J = 16.2),
4.03 (m, 2H), 8.03 (d, IH, J = 1.83 Hz), 8.50 (d, IH, J = 1.83 Hz), 8.61 (d, IH, J = 5.49 Hz), 8.70 (d, IH,
J = 5.49 Hz), 9.29 (s, IH), 9.96 (s, IH), 10.17 (s, IH), 10.28 (s, IH) and 12.21 (s, IH). MS m/z: 469
(M+H).
[00250] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] (34)
Figure imgf000059_0001
[00251] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- yl)methyl] morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2- (chloromethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrirnidine»HCl (35 mg, 0.179 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-diaminopropane (3.24 mL, 27.0 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-25% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (19 mg, 19%).
[00252] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD, 3 trifluoroacetic acid salt) δ: 1.07 (s, 6 H), 2.60 (ddd, 1 H, J = 4.1, 7.3, 11.4 Hz), 3.12 - 3.21 (m, 5 H), 3.54 (d, 1 H, J = 16.7 Hz), 3.70 (dd, 1 H, 3.7, 6.5 Hz), 3.81 - 3.93 (m, 3 H) 4.05 (dd, 1 H, J = 6.9, 11.4 Hz), 4.19 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.7, 11.4 Hz), 8.02 (d, 1 H, J = 2.03 Hz), 8.37 (d, 1 H, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.53 ( d, 1 H, 6.1 Hz), 8.74 ( d, 1 H, 6.1 Hz), 9.23 (s, 1 H). MS m/z: 455 (M+H). MS m/z: 455 (M+H).
[00253] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (35)
Figure imgf000059_0002
[00254] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)moφholine- 3-carboxamide»3 [HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l,4,5,6- tetrahydropyrimidine^HCl (30 mg, 0.179 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using 1,3-diaminopropane (2.25 mL, 27.0 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (34 mg, 37%).
[00255] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD, 3 trifluoroacetic acid salt) δ: 1.96 - 2.07 (m, 2 H), 2.58 (ddd, 1 H, J = 4.1, 7.7, 11.8 Hz), 3.15 (ddd, 1 H, J = 2.8, 4.9, 7.7 Hz), 3.40 - 3.50 (m, 5 H), 3.65 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.7, 7.3 Hz), 3.77 - 3.93 (m, 3 H), 4.02 (dd, 1 H, J = 6.9, 11.4 Hz), 4.18 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.7, 11.4 Hz), 7.89 (d, 1 H, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.10 (br s, 1 H), 8.26 (d, 1 H, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.40 - 8.51 (m, 2 H), 9.08 (br s, 1 H). MS m/z: 427 (M+H).
[00256] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(3a,4,5,6,7,7α-hexahydro-lH-benzimidazoI-2- ylmethyl)-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (36)
Figure imgf000060_0001
[00257] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)^-(3a,4,5,6,7,7α-hexahydro-l//-benzimidazol-2- ylmethyl)-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using rel-(3aR,7aR)-2-(chloromethyl)-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-lH-benzimidazole»HCl (224 mg, 1.07 mmol, 3 eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using (+/-)-trans-l,2-diaminecyclohexane (1.52 mL, 12.6 mmol). The reaction was performed at -200C instead of 00C]. The N,N-dimethylformamide was removed from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure, then saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (12 mg, 4%).
[00258] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 3H), 1.49-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.82-1.95 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.42 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.94 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 3.51-3.70 (m, 5H), 4.11-4.20 (m, 2H), 8.06 (s, IH), 8.42 (s, IH), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 5.7 Hz), 8.78 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 9.29 (s, IH). MS m/z: 495 (M+H). [00259] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(25)-2-(lH-imidazol-l-yl)propyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (37)
Figure imgf000061_0001
[00260] (3S)-5-(6-Chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-moφholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (400 mg, 0.870 mol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (4.00 mL) and cooled to 0°C in an ice bath. Trifluoroacetic acid (4.00 mL) was added and the reaction stirred for 15 min before the ice bath was removed and the reaction stirred at room temperature for Ih total. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo for 90 min to afford brown solids which were used without further purification. The crude trifluoroacetate salt (510 mg, 0.870 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) under argon. A solution of (15)-ϊe«-butyl(l-methyl-2-oxoethyl)carbamate (240 mg, 1.40 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added, followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (530 mg, 2.50 mmol). The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2hrs and then quenched via the addition of IM potassium carbonate (5 mL). The mixture was partitioned between ethyl acetate (50 mL), IM potassium carbonate (25 mL), and brine (25 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 30 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to yield a light brown solid. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 2-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded a yellow solid (329 mg). The solid (308mg, 0.60 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3 mL) at room temperature, and trifluoroacetic acid (1 mL) was added. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr then concentrated in vacuo to a residue which solidified upon trituration with diethyl ether (20 mL) to give (3S)-4-[(2S)-2-aminopropyl]-N-(6-chloro-9H-β- carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3CO2Η] (274 mg, 60%). [00261] 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D2O) δ: 1.32 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz), 1.36 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 2.51 (d, IH, J = 12.2Hz), 2.69 (dd, IH, J = 13.8, 8.5 Hz), 2.99 (dd, IH, J = 13.8, 6.1 Hz), 3.05 (d, IH, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.45-3.60 (m, 2H), 4.17 (dd, 2H, J = 12.2, 5.7 Hz), 4.26 (dd, IH, J = 12.2, 4.0 Hz),7.74 (d, IH, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.32 (d, IH, J = 1.6 Hz), 8.44 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.58 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 9.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 416 (M+H).
[00262] (35)-4-[(25)-2-aminopropyl]-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3- carboxamide trifluoroacetateβ [CF3CO2H] (124 mg, 0.16 mmol) was dissolved in water (1.O mL) and ammonium acetate (37 mg, 0.480 mmol), 40% aqueous glyoxaldehyde (0.075 mL, 0.480 mmol), 37% aqueous formaldehyde (0.040 mL, 0.480 mmol) and sodium acetate (13 mg, 0.160 mmol) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 500C for 16 hours and then partitioned between ethyl acetate (10 mL) and IM potassium carbonate (10 mL). The separated organic phase was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification by silica gel chromatography (eluting with 0-10% methanol/dichloromethane), followed HCl salt formation gave the target compound (40 mg, 44%).
[00263] 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D2O)δ: 1.21 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.56 (d, 3H, J = 6.8Hz), 2.47 (d, IH, J = 12.2Hz), 2.70 (d, IH, J = 12.2hz), 2.94 (dd, IH, J = 14.2, 9.5 Hz), 3.15 (dd, IH, J = 14.2, 4.9 Hz), 3.45- 3.50 (m, IH), 4.07-4.12 (m, 2H), 7.51 (bs, IH), 7.67 (bs, IH), 7.71 (d, IH, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.25 (d, IH, J = 2.0Hz), 8.43 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.89 (s, IH), 9.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 467 (M+H). [00264] (3S)-7V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (38)
Figure imgf000062_0001
[00265] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrirnidine»HCl (43 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using 2,2-dimethyl-l,3-diaminopropane (3.24 mL, 27.0 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (48 mg, 36%).
[00266] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO, 3 HCl salt) δ: 0.97 (s, 6 H), 1.24 (s, 3 H), 1.29 (s, 3 H), 2.20 (d, 1 H, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.91 (d, 1 H, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.04 - 3.09 (m, 4 H), 3.50 (d, 1 H, J = 16.5 Hz), 3.67 (dd, 1 H, J = 4.9, 4.9 Hz), 3.83 (d, 1 H, J = 15.9 Hz), 4.05 - 4.11 (m, 2 H), 8.29 (d, I H1 J = 1.8 Hz), 8.51 (d, 1 H, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.63 (d, 1 H, J = 6.7 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1 H, J = 6.1 Hz), 9.39 (s, 1 H), 9.67 (br s, 2 H). MS m/z: 483 (M+H).
[00267] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carboIin-8-yl)-4-(5,7-diazaspiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethyImorpholine-3-carboxamide#3[CF3Cθ2Η] (39)
Figure imgf000063_0001
[00268] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(5,7-diazaspiro[2.5]oct-5-en-6-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3Cθ2H] was prepared following general procedure B using 6- (chloromethyl)-5,7-diazaspiro[2.5]oct-5-ene»HCl (129 mg, 0.662 mmol, 2.2eq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using cyclopropane- 1,1-diyldimethanamine (0.96g, 9.60 mmol; prepared as described in Inorganic Chemistry, 1972, 11, 2890)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (59 mg, 33%).
[00269] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) 5: 0.51 (m, 4H),1.18 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 2.40 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.62 (d, IH, J = 7.6 Hz), 3.05-3.20 (m, 5H), 3.52 (d, IH, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.99 (m, 3H), 7.73 (s, IH), 7.79 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.06 (s, IH), 8.27 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.71 (s, IH), 8.90 (br s, IH), 10.04 (br s, IH) and 10.98 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 481 (M+H).
[00270] (3S)-4-((lH-indol-3-yl)methyl)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-β] indol-8-yl)morpholine-3- carboxamide (40)
Figure imgf000063_0002
[00271] (3S)-4-((l//-indol-3-yl)methyl)-N-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-β] indol-8-yl)morpholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using lH-indole-3-carbaldehyde (32 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.5 eq). Purification by flash chromatography eluting with 2-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (61 mg, 60%).
[00272] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.27 (t, IH, J = 7.5 Hz), 2.93 (d, IH, J= 12.6 Hz), 3.26-3.33 (m, IH), 3.53-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.99-4.09 (m, 2H), 6.88 (t, IH, J = 7.2 Hz), 7.02 (t, IH, J = 6.9 Hz), 7.27-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.71 (d, IH, J = 8.1 Hz), 7.99 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.16 (d, IH, J = 5.1 Hz), 8.21 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.38 (d, IH, J = 5.1 Hz), 9.03 (s, IH), 10.08 (bs, IH), 10.95 (bs, IH) and 11.36 (bs, IH). MS m/z: 460 (M+H).
[00273] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-p-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethyIrnorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (41)
Figure imgf000064_0001
[00274] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carboIin-8-yl)-4-(lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-6,6-dimethylmorpholine- 3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure A using imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (66 mg, 0.682 mmol, 2.0 eq). Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (45 mg, 23%). [00275] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.27 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 2.35 (d, IH, J = 10.0 Hz), 2.81 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 3.75 (dd, IH, J = 5.7, 4.8 Hz), 3.98 (d, IH, J = 15.5 Hz ), 4.16-4.21 (m, 2H), 4.38 (d, IH, J = 15.2 Hz), 7.54 (app s, 2H), 8.08 (s, IH), 8.36 (s, IH), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 5.7 Hz), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 9.29 (s, IH). MS m/z: 439 (M+H).
[00276] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(7αS)-5,6,7,7α-tetrahydro-lH- pyrrolo[l,2-c]imidazol-3-ylmethyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide#3[CF3C02H] (42)
Figure imgf000064_0002
[00277] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(7αS)-5,6,7,7α-tetrahydro-lH- pyrrolo[l,2-c]imidazol-3-ylmethyl]moφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3CO2Η] was prepared following general procedure B using (75)-3-(chloromethyl)-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-lH-pyrrolo-[l,2-c]imidazole»HCl (43 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using (S)-2-(aminomethyl)- pyrrolidine (1.00 g, 9.98 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (48 mg,
72%).
[00278] 1H-NMR Cd6-DMSO) δ: 1.22 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.47-1.61 (m, IH), 1.94-2.07 (m, 3H),
2.24 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.92 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.34-3.42 (m, IH), 3.44-3.48 (m, IH), 3.62 (d, IH, J
= 16.5), 3.69-4.08 (m, 5H), 4.29-4.40 (m, IH), 8.09 (d, IH, J = 1.83 Hz), 8.53 (d, IH, J = 1.83 Hz), 8.64
(d, IH, J = 6.10 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 6.10 Hz), 9.36 (s, IH), 9.96 (s, IH), 10.26 (s, IH), 10.42 (s, IH) and
12.47 (s, IH). MS m/z: 481 (M+H).
[00279] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(lβ-oxazol-5-ylmethyl)morpholine-
3-carboxamide«3[CF3CO2H] (43)
Figure imgf000065_0001
[00280] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(l,3-oxazol-5-ylmethyl)moφholine-3- carboxamide»3 [CF3CO2H] was prepared following general procedure A using oxazole-5-carbaldehyde
(63 mg, 0.648 mmol, 2 eq). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with 5% methanol/methylene chloride, followed by trifluoroacetic acid salt formation, afforded the target compound (52 mg, 31%).
[00281] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 2.34 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.72 (d, IH, J =
11.7 Hz), 3.29-3.33 (m, IH), 3.64 (d, IH, J = 14.7Hz), 3.89-3.97 (m, 2H), 4.07 (ddd, IH, J = 1.2, 4.8 Hz,
7.7 Hz), 7.07 (s, IH), 7.25 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.31 (s, IH), 7.92-7.97 (m, 3H), 8.44 (dd, IH, J = 1.5, 5.6
Hz), 8.99 (s, IH), 9.42 (s, IH) and 10.49 (br s,lH). MS m/z: 440 (M+H).
[00282] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carboIin-8-yl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (44)
Figure imgf000066_0001
[00283] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)- 4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazoleΗCl (340 mg, 2.20 mmol, 2eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using ethylenediamine (0.846 mL, 12.6 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid gave material which was dissolved in methanol (1 mL), stirred with polyvinyl pyridine (25 mg) filtered, and then concentrated in vacuo to afford the target compound (42 mg, 9%) as the free base.
[00284] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.17 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 2.27 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.76 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.22-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.54 (m, IH), 3.69 (br s, 4H), 3.86 (d, 2H, J = 6.7 Hz), 7.89 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.15-8.17 (m, IH), 8.21 (d, IH, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.37 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz) and 8.98 (s, IH). MS m/z: 441 (M+H).
[00285] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide*3[CF3CO2Η] (45)
Figure imgf000066_0002
[00286] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2 ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3Cθ2H] was prepared following general procedure B using 2- (chloromethyl)-l,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine»HCl (37 mg, 0.179 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using 1,3-diaminopropane (2.25 mL, 27.0 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid afforded the target compound (52 mg, 29%). [00287] 1H-NMR Cd4-MeOD, 3 trifluoroacetic acid salt) δ: 1.31 (s, 3 H), 1.41 (s, 3 H), 1.97 - 2.07 (m,
2 H), 2.34 (d, 1 H, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.93 (d, 1 H, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.45 - 3.53 (m, 5 H), 3.59 (dd, I H1 J = 4.9,
6.9 Hz), 3.83 (d, I H1 J = 16.3 Hz), 4.12 - 4.19 (m, 2 H), 8.02 ( dd, 1 H, J = 1.0, 1.7 Hz), 8.41 (dd, 1 H, J
= 1.0, 2.0 Hz), 8.54 (d, 1 H, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.76 (ddd, 1 H, J = 1.0, 1.0, 6.5 Hz), 9.23 (s, 1 H). MS mix: 455
(M+H).
[00288] (3S)-Λ46-chloro-9Hφyrido[3,4-β]indol-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrazin-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (46)
Figure imgf000067_0001
[00289] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-β]indol-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrazin-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure B using 4- (chloromethyl)pyrazine (100 mg, 0.234 mol, l.leq) (which was prepared according to the procedure of Russell, M. G. Ν.; Carling, R. W.; Atack, J. R.; Bromidge, F. A.; Cook, S. M.; Hunt, P.; Isted, C; Lucas, M.; Mckernan, R. M.; Mitchinson, A.; Moore, K. W.; Νarquizian, R.; Macaulay, A. J.; Thomas, D.; Thompson, S-A.; Wafford, K. A.; Castro, J. L.; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2005, 48, 1367-1383). Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (20 mg, 10%).
[00290] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.13 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 3H), 2.16 (d, IH, J = 9.2 Hz), 2.68 (d, IH, J = 8.6 Hz), 3.59 (d, 2H, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.97 (s, 2H), 4.16 (d, IH, J = 14.0 Hz), 7.81 (s, IH), 8.16-8.23 (m, 2H), 8.38 (s, IH), 8.55 (s, 2H), 8.92-9.03 (m, 2H), 10.20 (bs, IH) and 11.27 (bs, IH). MS m/z: 451 (M+H).
[00291] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[l-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCI] (47)
Figure imgf000067_0002
[00292] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [ l-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazol-2-yl]methyl }-6,6-dimethyImoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using l-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lλ/-imidazol-l-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-ol»2[HCl] (57.5 mg, 0.281 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure C using l-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]-2- methylpropan-2-ol (1.67 g, 12.6 mmol; prepared as described by L. J. Kitchen and C. B. Pollard; Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1943 , 8, 342-343)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (63 mg, 43%).
[00293] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO, 2 HCl salt) δ: 1.13 (s, 3 H), 1.16 (s, 3 H), 1.21 (s, 3 H ), 1.31 (s, 3 H), 2.20 (d, 1 H, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.90 (d, 1 H, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.30 (d, I H1 I = 14.6 Hz), 3.53 - 3.73 (m, 3 H), 3.74 - 3.89 (m, 3 H), 3.90 - 4.18 (m, 4 H), 8.34 (d, 1 H, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.51 (d, 1 H, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.64 (d, 1 H, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.83 (d, 1 H, J = 6.1 Hz), 10.03 (s, 1 H). MS m/z: 513 (M+H). [00294] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(l-methyl-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazol-2-yl)rnethyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (48)
Figure imgf000068_0001
.2HCI
[00295] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(l-methyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2- (chloromethyl)-l-methyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (37 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using N-methyl-l,2-ethanediamine (1.38 mL, 15.8 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (3.0 mg, 2.2%). [00296] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 2.34 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.92 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.52-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.84-4.01 (m, 5H), 4.11-4.13 (m, 2H), 8.01-8.02 (m, IH), 8.38 (d, IH, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz) and 9.26 (s, IH). MS m/z: 455 (M+H).
[00297] (35)-4-(l,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (49)
Figure imgf000069_0001
[00298] (3S)-4-(l,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using 1,3- benzothiazole-2-carboxaldehyde (113 mg, 0.695 mmol, 2 eq). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with 5% methanol/methylene chloride afforded the target compound (46 mg, 22%).
[00299] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.23 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 2.46 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.83 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.44 (d, IH, J = 4.7, 8.2 Hz), 3.93-4.06 (m, 2H), 4.12 (dd, IH, J = 4.7, 12.3 Hz ), 4.31 (d, IH, J = 15.3 Hz), 7.46 (dd, IH, J = 1.2, 7.6 Hz), 7.55 (dd, IH, J = 1.2, 7.6 Hz), 7.60 (d, IH, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.82 (d, IH, J = 4.7 Hz), 7.85 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.94 (d, IH, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.1 (d, IH, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.41 (br s, IH), 8.82 (br s, IH), 9.85 (s, IH) and 10.55 (s, IH). MS m/z: 506 (M+H). [00300] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(lβ-thiazol-2- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide#2[ΗCl] (50)
Figure imgf000069_0002
[00301] (35)-Λ/-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)moφholine-3- carboxamide*2[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure J using 2-formylthiazole (57 mg, 0.648 mmol, 1.4 eq). Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (85 mg, 33%). [00302] 1H-NMR (CDC13) δ: 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.53 (s, 3H), 3.12 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.83-3.95 (m, IH), 4.47 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 4.67 (d, IH, J = 12.1 Hz), 4.95 (d, IH, J = 14.5 Hz), 5.09 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 5.20-5.31 (m, IH), 7.52 (d, IH, J = 3.1 Hz), 7.89 (s, IH), 7.95 (d, IH, J = 3.9 Hz), 8.21 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 8.29 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 8.51 (s, IH), 10.18 (brs, IH), 11.82 (brs, IH). MS m/z: 456 (M+H). [00303] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol-3- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide (51)
Figure imgf000070_0001
[00304] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-lH-l,2,4-triazol- 3yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure B using 5- (chloromethyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-l,2,4-triazol-3-one (21 mg, 0.156 mmol, 1.03 eq; prepared from semicarbazide and 2-chloro-l,l,l-trimethoxyethane as described by Cameron J. Cowden, Robert D. Wilson, Brian C. Bishop, Ian F. Cottrell, Antony J. Davies and Ulf-Η. Dolling; Tetrahedron Letters, 2000, 41, 8661-8664). Precipitation from chilled water afforded the target compound (37.5 mg, 51%) as the freebase.
[00305] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.32 - 2.46 (m, 1 H), 2.89 (br d, 1 H, J = 12.8 Hz), 3.23 - 3.29 (m, 1 H), 3.39 (d, 1 H, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.53 - 3.66 (m, 1 H), 3.75 - 3.89 (m, 3 H), 3.97 (dd, 1 H, J = 3.7, 11.6), 7.75 (d, 1 H, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.16 (d, 1 H, J = 4.5 Hz), 8.26 (d, 1 H, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.37 (d, 1 H, 4.9 Hz), 9.01 (s, 1 H), 9.91 (br s, 1 H), 11.33 (s, 1 H), 11.51 (br s, 1 H). MS m/z: 428 (M+H). [00306] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[4,4-dimethyl-l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5- dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (52)
Figure imgf000070_0002
[00307] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [4,4-dimethyl-l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro- l/y-imidazol-2-yl]methyl }-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide*3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-4,4-dimethyl-l-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazole (148 mg, 0.658 mmol, 1.4 eq) [prepared following general procedure D]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-70% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (33 mg, 10%). [00308] 1H-NMR Cd4-MeOD) 6: 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 1.49 (s, 3H), 2.38 (d, IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.80 (d, IH, J = 11.1 Hz), 3.53-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.83 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.90 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.98 (d, IH, J = 15.8 Hz), 4.09-4.14 (m, 2H), 4.79 (q, 2H, J = 9.2 Hz), 8.07 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.39 (d, IH, J = 1.9 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 9.29 (s, IH). MS m/z: 551 (M+H). [00309] (35)-Λ^-(6-chloro-9H-β-carboIin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(l,3-oxazol-2-ylmethyl)morpholine- 3-carboxamide (53)
Figure imgf000071_0001
[00310] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(l,3-oxazol-2-ylmethyl)moφholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using oxazole-2-carbaldehyde (67 mg, 0.695 mmol, 2 eq). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with 5% methanol/methylene chloride afforded the target compound (88 mg, 48%).
[00311] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.19 (s, 3H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.63 (d, IH, J =
11.7 Hz), 3.29 (dd, IH, J = 4.7, 8.8 Hz), 3.65 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 3.89 (dd, IH, J = 8.8, 11.7 Hz), 4.0
(dd, IH, J = 4.7, 7.0 Hz), 4.07 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 7.41 (s, IH), 7.60 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.68 (d, IH, J =
4.7 Hz), 7.77 (s, IH), 7.87 (d, IH, J = 2.4 Hz ), 8.31 (br s, IH), 8.84 (br s, IH), 9.51 (s, IH) and 11.42 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 440 (M+H).
[00312] (3S)-EthyI-2-[(5-{[(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)amino]carbonyl}-2,2- dimethylmorpholin-4-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole-5-carboxylate«3[ΗCl] (54)
Figure imgf000071_0002
[00313] (35)-Ethyl-2-[(5-{ [(6-chloro-9/y-β-carbolin-8-yl)amino]carbonyl }-2,2-dimethylmoφholin-4- yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazole-5-carboxylate»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using ethyl 2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazole-5-carboxylate (150 mg, 0.78 mmol, 1.2eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using ethyl 2,3-diaminopropanoate»2[HCl] (1.60 g, 7.60 mmol) (which was prepared according to the procedure of Kung, H. F.; Yu, C. C; Billings, J.; Molnan, M.; Blau, M.; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1985, 28, 1280)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid then by preparative HPLC (eluting with 0-60% acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer), followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound as an inseparable mixture (1: 1) of diastereomers (12 mg, 3%). [00314] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) 5: 1.30-1.45 (m, 9H), 2.34-2.42 (m, IH), 2.94-3.08 (m, IH), 3.52-3.70 (m, IH), 3.96-4.04 (m, IH), 4.11-4.33 (m, 7H), 4.98-5.04 (m, IH), 8.02-8.03 (m, IH), 8.41-8.43 (m, IH), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz) and 9.27 (s, IH). MS m/z: 513 (M+H). [00315] (3S)-4-(2-amino-2-iminoethyl)-iV-(6-chloro-9H- β -carbolin-8-yl)morpholine-3- carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (55)
Figure imgf000072_0001
[00316] (35)-4-(2-amino-2-iminoethyl)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)moφholine-3- carboxamide.3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-chloroethanimidamide*HCl
[(prepared according to general procedure C using ammonium chloride]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid followed by HCl salt formation afforded the target compound (15 mg, 8%).
[00317] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 2.56-2.65 (m, IH), 3.13-3.24 (m, IH), 3.55 (d, IH, J = 17.2 Hz), 3.76
(dd, IH, J = 3.9, 2.7 Hz), 3.84-3.93 (m, 3H), 4.08 (dd, IH, J = 6.6, 11.1 Hz), 4.20 (dd, IH, J = 3.5, 11.5
Hz), 7.98 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.40 (d, IH, J = 2.3 Hz), 8.54 (d, IH, J - 6.1 Hz), 8.76 (d, IH, J = 6.6 Hz),
9.26 (s, IH). MS m/z: 387 (M+H).
[00318] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]morpholine-3- carboxamide (56)
Figure imgf000073_0001
[00319] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)methyl]morpholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using 3,5-dichloroisonicotinaldehyde (176 mg,
1.00 mmol, 1.5eq). Purification by flash chromatography eluting with 2-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (30 mg, 15%). MS m/z: 490 (M+Η).
[00320] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 3.55-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.98 (m, 2H), 4.08-4.19
(m, 3H), 8.00 (br s, IH), 8.15-8.19 (m, 2H), 8.38-8.39 (m, IH), 8.16 (s, 2H), 9.05 (s, IH), 10.02 (s, IH) and 11.41 (s, IH). MS m/z: 490 (M+H).
[00321] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-β]indol-8-yl)-4-((l-methyl-lH-indol-3- yl)methyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (57)
Figure imgf000073_0002
[00322] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-β]indol-8-yl)-4-((l-methyl-lH-indol-3- yl)rnethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using 1-methyl-lH- indole-3-carbaldehyde (35 mg, 0.22 mmol, 1.5 eq). Purification by flash chromatography eluting with 2- 5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (54 mg, 52%).
[00323] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.29 (t, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.94 (d, IH, J= 12.2 Hz), 3.25-3.39 (m, IH), 3.54-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.78 (m, 5H), 4.01-4.08 (m, 2H), 6.93 (t, IH, J = 7.32 Hz), 7.09 (t, IH, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.27 (s, IH), 7.35 (d, IH, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.74 (d, IH, J = 7.9 Hz), 7.99 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.17 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.22 (d, IH, J = 4.9 Hz), 8.39 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 9.05 (s, IH), 10.06 (bs, IH) and 11.37 (bs, IH). MS m/z: 474 (M+H).
[00324] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(l,5,6,7,8,8α-hexahydroimidazo[l,5- a]pyridin-3-yl)ethyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] (58)
Figure imgf000074_0001
[00325] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(l,5,6,7,8,8α-hexahydroimidazo[l,5-α]pyridin-3- yl)ethyl]-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 3-(2-chloroethyl)-l,5,6,7,8,8α-hexahydroimidazo[l,5-a]pyridine«HCl (207 mg, 0.926 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure C using 2-aminomethylpiperidine and ethyl 3- chloropropanimidoate.HCl (ethyl 3-chloropropanimidoate»HCl was prepared in one step by bubbling HCl gas through a solution of 3-chloropropionitrile in ethanol and diethyl ether)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-70% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (67 mg, 24%).
[00326] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.44 (s, 3H), 1.52-1.64 (m, 3H), 1.72-1.84 (m, IH), 1.85-2.03 (m, 2H), 2.39-2.51 (m, IH), 2.84-2.96 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.13 (m, IH), 3.17-3.26 (m, 4H), 3.50 (dd, IH, J = 10.0, 9.5 Hz), 3.75-3.85 (m, IH), 3.96 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 4.03-4.21 (m, 3H), 8.10 (s, IH), 8.42 (s, IH), 8.56 (d, IH, J = 5.7 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 5.7 Hz), 9.33 (s, IH). MS m/z: 509 (M+H). [00327] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[l-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol- 2-yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (59)
Figure imgf000074_0002
[00328] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [l-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl]methyl }-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide«3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazole (200 mg, 1.00 mmol, 2eq) [(prepared according to general procedure D using 2,2-difluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (0.276 g, 1.30 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCI salt formation, afforded the target compound (21 mg, 6%).
[00329] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 1.20 (s, 3H), 1.30-1.33 (m, 4H), 2.18 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.88 (d,
IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.53-4.41 (m, HH), 8.35 (br s, IH), 8.52 (br s, IH), 8.63 (d, IH, J = 5.8 Hz), 8.84 (d,
IH, J = 5.8 Hz), 10.79 (s, IH), 11.28 (s, IH) and 13.55 (s, IH). MS m/z: 505 (M+H).
[00330] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(2-phenyl-lH-imidazol-5- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide (60)
Figure imgf000075_0001
[00331] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(2-phenyl-lH-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]moφholine-3- carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol- 8-yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.180 mmol, leq) and 2-phenyl-l//-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde (0.046g, 0.270 mmol, 1.5 eq.). Purification using reverse phase ΗPLC eluting with acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% ammonium acetate afforded the target compound (55 mg, 63%) as the freebase. [00332] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 2.42 (ddd, IH, J = 12.0, 9.0, 3.6 Hz), 2.91 (d, IH, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.49- 3.90 (m, 6H), 4.12 (dd, IH, J = 11.0, 6.0 Hz), 7.17 (m, IH), 7.3 (m, 4H), 7.79 (m, 2H), 7.84 (s, IH) 8.07 (m, 2H), 8.25 (d, IH J = 5.5 Hz) and 8.40 (s, IH). MS m/z: 487 (M+H). [00333] (3S)-iV-(6-chIoro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-diinethyl-4-(lH-pyrazol-3- ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (61)
Figure imgf000075_0002
[00334] carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde (71 mg, 0.741 mmol, 2 eq; prepared as described in Chemische Beήchte, 1964, 97, 3407). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with 5% methanol/methylene chloride afforded the target compound (114 mg, 59%).
[00335] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.24 (s, 3H), 1.30 (s, 3H), 2.27 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.82 (d, IH, J =
11.2 Hz), 3.28-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.94 (dd, IH, J = 10.0, 11.7 Hz), 4.10 (dd, IH, J = 4.7, 11.7 Hz ), 4.18 (d,
IH, J = 12.9 Hz), 6.38 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.42 (s, IH), 7.53 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.77 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz),
7.84 (s, IH,), 8.20 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 9.22 (s, IH), 9.66 (s, IH) and 12.60 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 439
(M+H).
[00336] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{[l-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-l-ylethyl)-
4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCI] (62)
Figure imgf000076_0001
[00337] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{ [l-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-l-ylethyl)-4,5- dihydro-lH-imidazo]-2-yl]methyl }moφholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-l-ylethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (247 mg, 0.926 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure I using pyrrolidine in the amide coupling step]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-40% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (40 mg, 12%).
[00338] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.67-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.89-2.00 (m, 2H), 2.30 (d, IH, J = 10.5 Hz), 2.85 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.85 (d, IH, J = 15.2 Hz), 3.92-4.01 (m, 4H), 4.04-4.14 (m, 4H), 4.59 (d, IH, J = 16.4 Hz), 5.13 (d, IH, J = 17.5 Hz), 8.11 (s, IH), 8.39 (s, IH), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 5.8 Hz), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 552 (M+H). [00339] (3S)-4-[(l-butyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-Λ'-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)- 6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (63)
Figure imgf000077_0001
[00340] (35)-4-[(l-butyl-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamideβ [HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using l-butyl-2- (chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (200 mg, 0.947 mmol, 1.5eq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using 2-butylaminoethylamine (0.880 mL, 6.00 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (50 mg, 10%). MS m/z: 497 (M+H). [00341] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 0.91 (t, 3H, J = 7.32 Hz), 1.39 (s, 3H), 1.34-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 2.96 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.37 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 4.11-4.14 (m, 2H), 3.90-4.00 (m, 6H), 3.57-3.68 (m, 6H), 8.12 (dd, IH, J = 2.4, 2.4 Hz), 8.36 (dd, IH, J = 2.4, 2.4 Hz), 8.53 (dd, IH, J = 6.5, 2.0 Hz), 8.74 (dd, IH, J = 6.5, 1.6 Hz) and 9.29 (s, IH). MS m/z: 497 (M+H).
[00342] (3S)-Λ^-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(l-methyl-lH-imidazol-5- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (65)
Figure imgf000077_0002
[00343] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(l-methyl-l//-imidazol-5- yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide#3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure J using 1- methyl-l//-imidazole-5-carboxaldehyde (102 mg, 0.926 mmol, 2.0 eq). Purification using preparative HPLC eluting with 0-70% acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (33 mg, 12%).
[00344] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.29 (s, 3H), 1.39 (s, 3H), 2.47 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.01 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.73-3.82 (m, IH), 3.88 (d, IH, J = 14.2 Hz), 4.10 (s, 3H), 4.14-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.27 (d, IH, J = 15.0 Hz), 7.65 (s, IH), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.40 (d, IH, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 8.78 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.92 (s, IH), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 453 (M+H).
[00345] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H- β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-methyl-lH-imidazol-2- yl)niethyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide*3[HCl] (66)
Figure imgf000078_0001
[00346] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-methyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3- carboxamide»3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure J using l-methyl-2- imidazolecarboxaldehyde (57 mg, 0.521 mmol, 1.5 eq). Purification using preparative HPLC eluting with
0-60% acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (48 mg, 23%).
[00347] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.26 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 2.35 (d, IH, J = 11.1 Hz), 2.72 (d, IH, J =
11.3 Hz), 3.66 (dd, IH, J = 6.0, 5.6 Hz), 3.93 (d, IH, J = 15.1 Hz ), 4.06 (s, 3H), 4.15 (app d, 2H, J = 6.0
Hz), 4.36 (d, IH, J = 15.1 Hz), 7.65 (s, IH), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.40 (d, IH, J = 2.0 Hz), 8.55 (d,
IH, J = 6.0 Hz), 8.78 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.92 (s, IH), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 453 (M+H).
[00348] (3S)-^V-(6-chIoro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(3α,4,5,6,7,7α-hexahydro-lH-benzimidazol-
2-ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide#3[ΗCl] (67)
Figure imgf000078_0002
[00349] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(3α,4,5,6,7,7α-hexahydro-l//-benzimidazol- 2-ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using rel- (3αR,7αR)-2-(chloromethyl)-3α,4,5,6,7,7α-hexahydro-lH-benzimidazoleΗCl (40 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using (+/-)-trans-l,2-diaminecyclohexane (1.52 mL, 12.6 mmol). The reaction was performed at -200C instead of 00C]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by
HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (30 mg, 12%).
[00350] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) δ: 1.32-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.75-1.98 (m, 3H), 2.06-2.16 (m, IH), 2.23 (d,
IH, J = 10.9 Hz), 2.54-2.70 (m, IH), 3.52-3.58 (m, IH), 3.68-3.78 (m, IH), 3.79-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.97-4.20
(m, 2H), 8.01 (s, IH), 8.40 (s, IH), 8.53 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.76 (d, IH, J = 6.7 Hz), 9.28 (s, IH). MS m/z: 467 (M+H).
[00351] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)morpholine-3- carboxamide (68)
Figure imgf000079_0001
[00352] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)moφholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde (118 mg, 1.00 mmol, 3eq).
Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 2-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (53 mg, 34%).
[00353] 1H-NMR d6-DMSO δ: 2.33 (t, IH, J = 9.8 Hz), 2.85 (d, IH, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.36-3.39 (m, IH),
3.52 (d, IH, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.61 (t, IH, J = 9.8 Hz), 3.75-3.83 (m, 2H), 4.00-4.09 (m, 2H), 7.83-7.87 (m,
IH), 8.16 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 8.21-8.25 (m, IH), 8.38 (dd, IH, J = 4.9, 1.2 Hz), 8.85 (br s, 2H), 9.03 (s,
IH), 9.08 (s, IH), 10.16 (s, IH) and 11.30 (s, IH). MS m/z: 423 (M+H).
[00354] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(lH-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)morpholine-3- carboxamide (69)
Figure imgf000079_0002
[00355] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(lH-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure B using (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-8- yl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (100 mg, 0.180 mmol, leq) and l//-imidazole-5-carbaldehyde (0.026 g, 0.270 mmol, 1.5 eq.). Purification using reverse phase HPLC eluting with acetonitrile/water containing
0.1% ammonium acetate afforded the target compound (62 mg, 81 %) as the freebase.
[00356] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 2.57 (ddd, IH, J = 12.0, 8.0, 4.0 Hz), 3.08 (d, IH, J = 12.0 Hz), 3.62-
4.18 (m, 6H), 4.30 (dd, IH, J = 12.0, 6.0 Hz), 7.29 (s, IH), 8.01 (s, IH), 8.10 (s, IH) 8.24-8.27 (m, 2H),
8.48 (d, IH, J = 5.0 Hz) and 9.08 (s, IH). MS m/z: 411 (M+H).
[00357] (3S)-4-(lH-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide (70)
Figure imgf000080_0001
[00358] (35)^-(l//-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure A using benzimidazole-2- carboxaldehyde (115 mg, 0.788 mmol, 2 eq). Purification of the crude product on a tapered silica gel plate eluting with 5% methanol/methylene chloride afforded the target compound (47 mg, 20%). [00359] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.07 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H), 2.24 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.62 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.25 (dd, IH, J = 5.3, 8.2 Hz), 3.61 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 3.93-4.10 (m, 2H), 4.20 (d, IH, J = 13.5 Hz), 7.18-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.49 (m, IH), 7.78 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.85-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.92 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.41 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.85 (s, IH,), 10.02 (s, IH), 12.71 (s, IH) and 13.04 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 489 (M+H).
[00360] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[(4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H- l,3-oxazin-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide (71)
Figure imgf000080_0002
[00361] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-car olin- V6,6-dimethyl-4-[(4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4//-l,3- oxazin-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxarnide was prepared following general procedure H using 2- (chloromethyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine (38 mg, 0.218 mmol, leq) [prepared according to general procedure G using 2,4,4,6-teιramethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine (282 mg, 2.00 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-4% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (6 mg, 8%) as an inseparable mixture (1: 1) of diastereomers.
[00362] 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.19-1.43 (m, 32H), 1.82-1.86 (m, 2H), 2.41-2.47 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.79
(m, 2H), 3.00 (d, IH, J = 14.6 Hz), 3.15 (d, IH, J = 14.0 Hz), 3.33-3.46 (m, 4H), 3.93-4.05 (m, 4H), 4.18-
4.33 (m, 2H), 7.40 (s, IH), 7.51 (s, IH), 7.87-7.94 (m, 4H), 8.44-8.46 (m, 2H), 8.96 (m, 2H), and 10.35-
10.52 (m, 4H). MS m/z: 498 (M+H).
[00363] (3S)-Λ'-(6-chloro-9H-pyrido[3,4-β]indol-8-yl)-4-((5-methoxy-lH-indol-
3yl)methyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide (72)
Figure imgf000081_0001
[00364] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9//-pyrido[3,4-β]indol-8-yl)-4-((5-methoxy-lH-indol-3- yl)methyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using 5-methoxy-lH- indole-3-carbaldehyde (38 mg, 0.210 mol, 1.2 eq). Purification by flash chromatography eluting with 2- 5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (63 mg, 62%).
[00365] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.29 (t, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.96 (d, IH, J= 11.6 Hz), 3.25-3.33 (m, IH), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.79 (m, 2H), 3.98-4.07 (m, 2H), 6.65 (dd, IH, J = 2.4, 8.6 Hz), 7.14-7.25 (m, 3H), 7.99 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.16 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 8.21 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.37 (d, IH, J = 5.5 Hz), 9.03 (s, IH), 10.09 (bs, IH) and 10.80 (bs, IH), 11.37 (bs, IH). MS m/z: 490 (M+H). [00366] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)morpholine-3- carboxamide (73)
Figure imgf000081_0002
[00367] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(lH-imidazol-2-ylmethyl)morpholine-3-carboxamide was prepared following general procedure J using imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (83.6 mg, 0.870 mmol, 1.5 eq). Purification using reverse phase HPLC eluting with acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% ammonium acetate afforded the target compound (131 mg, 55%) as the freebase.
[00368] 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO) δ: 2.42 (dd, 1 H, J = 2.4, 10.4 Hz), 2.79 (d, 1 H, J = 12.2 Hz), 3.25 (dd,
1 H, J = 3.6, 9.1 Hz), 3.55, (dd, 1 H, J = 10.3, 10.3 Hz), 3.63 (d, 1 H, J = 9.8 Hz), 3.66 (dd, 1 H, J = 5.5,
5.5 Hz), 3.79 (d, 1 H, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.90 - 4.02 (m, 2 H), 7.19 - 7.25 (m, 2 H), 7.84 (d, 1 H, J = 1.8 Hz),
8.17 (d, I H1 J = 4.8 Hz), 8.24 (d, 1 H, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.3 (d, 1 H, J = 4.9 Hz), 9.04 (s, 1 H), 10.15 (br s, 1
H). MS m/z: 411 (M+H).
[00369] Ethyl {2-[((55)-5-{[(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)amino]carbonyl}-2,2- dimethyImorpholin-4-yI)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-iniidazol-l-yl}acetate»3[ΗCl] (74)
Figure imgf000082_0001
[00370] Ethyl {2-[((55)-5-{ [(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)amino]carbonyl}-2,2-dimethylmoφholin- 4-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-l-yl }acetateβ3[ΗCl] was prepared using general procedure B using ethyl-[2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-l-yl]acetate»HCl (67 mg, 0.278 mmol, 1.2 eq) [prepared from N-(N-beta-Boc-aminoethyl)-Gly-OEt»HCl by Boc deprotection (4.0 M HCl in dioxane), then imidazoline formation following general procedure C using ethyl [(2- aminoethyl)amino]acetate»2[HCl] (0.350 g, 1.60 mmol, 1.0 eq) and diisopropylethyl amine (0.556 mL, 3.19 mmol, 2.0 eq) to free base the HCl salt]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-40% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (44 mg, 28%).
[00371] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.21 (t, 3H, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 2.34 (d, IH, J = 11.3 Hz), 2.89 (d, IH, J = 11.5 Hz), 3.51 (d, IH, J = 15.3 Hz), 3.61 (dd, IH, J = 4.5, 6.9 Hz), 3.92-4.04 (m, 4H), 4.07-4.15 (m, 3H), 4.19 (q, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 4.66 (d, IH, J = 17.9 Hz), 4.99 (d, IH, J = 17.9 Hz), 8.10 (s, IH), 8.40 (s, IH), 8.55 (d, IH, J = 6.7 Hz), 8.77 (d, IH, J = 6.6 Hz), 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 527 (M+H).
[00372] (3S)-4-[(l-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8- yl)-6,6-dimethylmorphoIine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] (75)
Figure imgf000083_0001
[00373] (35)-4-[(l-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)- 6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide#3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure Busing 2- (chloromethyl)-l-isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (164 mg, 0.834 mmol, 1.2eq) [(prepared according to general procedure C using /V-isopropylethylenediamine (1.56 mL, 12.6 mmol)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (60 mg, 16%). [00374] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.27-1.29 (m, 9H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 2.35 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.95 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.53-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.81-4.01 (m, 5H), 4.10-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.56-4.67 (m, IH), 8.05 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.36(d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.73 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz) and 9.27 (s, IH). MS m/z: 483 (M+H).
[00375] (3S)-Λ'-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2,(lH-imidazol-l-yl)ethyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (76)
Figure imgf000083_0002
[00376] (3S)-4-(2-aminoethyl)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3- carboxamide#3 [CF3CO2H] was prepared following the same procedure as described for (37) starting from (35)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»2[CF3Cθ2H] (382 mg, 0.652 mmol) using tert-butyl (2-oxoethyl)carbamate (166 mg, 1.04 mmol, 1.6eq) to give the (35)-4-(2- aminoethyl)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide»3[CF3CO2H] (284 mg, 59%). [00377] 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D2O)δ: 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.42 (s, 3H), 2.39 (d, IH, J = 12.2 Hz), 2.70-2.80 (m, IH), 2.90-3.00 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.60 (m, IH), 4.05-4.20 (m, 2H), 7.78 (bs, IH), 8.31 (bs, IH), 8.44 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.58 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 9.09 (s, IH). MS m/z: 402 (M+H). [00378] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(l//-imidazol-l-yl)ethyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCi] was prepared following the same procedure as described for (37) starting from (35)-4-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(6-chloro-9//-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethylmoφholine-3- carboxamideβ [CF3CO2H] (100 mg, 0.135 mmol) to yield target compound (21 mg, 28%). [00379] 1H-NMR (300 MHz, D2O)δ: 1.26 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 2.34 (d, IH, J = 11.7Hz), 2.87-2.96 (m, IH), 3.05 (d, IH, J = 11.7hz), 3.13-3.24 (m, IH), 3.46 (dd, IH, J = 7.9,4.4Hz), 3.97-4.10 (m, 2H), 4.30-4.40 (m, IH), 4.41-4.52 (m, IH), 7.32 (bs, IH), 7.51 (bs, IH), 7.63 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.29 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.42 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.56 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.77 (s, IH), 9.07 (s, IH). MS m/z: (M+H). [00380] (3S)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[((4S)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-lβ-oxazol-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide and (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4- [((4/?)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-lr3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxaniide (78) and (79)
Figure imgf000084_0001
[00381] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[((45)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide and (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[((4fl)-4- isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazol-2-yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide were prepared following general procedure H using 2-(chloromethyl)-4-isopropyl-4,5-dihydro-l,3-oxazole [prepared according to general procedure F using DL-2-amino-3-methyl-l-butanol (60 mg, 0.579 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane allowed separation (78 eluted first followed by 79) of the diastereomeric mixture to afford each compound as a single diastereomer of unassigned absolute configuration: 10 mg (7.4% yield) and 6.1 mg (4.5% yield). [00382] (78) 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO ) δ: 0.99-1.06 (m, 6H), 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.37 (s, 3H), 2.00 (m, IH), 2.41 (d, IH, J = 11.8 Hz), 2.82 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.15 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 3.30 (m, IH), 3.61 (d, IH, J = 14.6 Hz), 3.86-4.10 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.42 (m, 3H), 7.89-7.98 (m, 3H), 8.45 (s, IH), 8.91 (s, IH), 9.66 (s, IH) and 11.51 (s, IH). MS m/z: 484 (M+H). [00383] (79) 1H-NMR (d6-DMSO ) δ: 0.85 (d, 3H, J = 7.05 Hz), 0.97 (d, 3H, J = 7.05 Hz), 1.25 (s, 3H), 1.35 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.92 (m, IH), 2.43 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.85 (d, IH, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.28-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.56 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 3.93-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 4.35-4.43 (m, IH), 7.59 (s, IH), 7.87 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.91 (s, IH), 8.43 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.91 (s, IH), 9.81 (br s, IH) and 10.61 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 484 (M+H).
[00384] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[((4S)-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H- l,3-oxazin-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide and (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6- dimethyl-4-[((4/?)-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-lr3-oxazin-2-yl)methyl]morphoIine-3-carboxamide (82) and (83)
[00385] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-[((45)-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4//-l,3- oxazin-2-yl)methyl]morpholine-3-carboxamide and (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9Η-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl- 4-[((4/?)-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazin-2-yl)methyl]moφholine-3-carboxamide were prepared following general procedure Η using 2-(chloromethyl)-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-l,3-oxazine [prepared according to general procedure F using 3-amino-3-phenyl-l-propanol (88 mg, 0.579 mmol)]. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-5% methanol/dichloromethane allowed separation (82 eluted first followed by 83) of the diastereomeric mixture to afford each compound as a single diastereomer of unassigned absolute configuration: 5.3 mg (1.8 % yield) and 3.1 mg (1.0 % yield).
[00386] (82) 1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.52 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.96 (m, IH), 2.33-2.43 (m, IH), 2.48 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 2.96 (d, IH, J = 11.6 Hz), 3.05 (d, IH, J = 14.6 Hz), 3.30-3.35 (m, IH), 3.60 (dd, IH, J = 14.6, 1.8 Hz), 3.92-3.99 (m, IH), 4.05-4.11 (m, IH), 4.21-4.34 (m, 2H), 4.83-4.88 (m, IH), 7.26-7.46 (m, 5H), 7.81-7.83 (m, 3H), 8.35-8.38 (m, 2H), 10.21 (br s, IH), and 10.54 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 532 (M+H).
[00387] (83) 1H-NMR (CDCl3 ) δ: 1.23 (s, 3H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.85-1.95 (m, IH), 2.18-2.27 (m, IH), 2.43 (d, IH, J = 12.3 Hz), 2.91 (d, IH, J = 12.3 Hz), 3.17 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 3.26-3.30 (m, IH), 3.59 (d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz), 3.95-4.00 (m, 2H), 4.09-4.16 (m, IH), 4.20-4.27 (m, IH), 4.75-4.78 (m, IH), 7.10-7.21 (m, 5H), 7.33 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 7.72 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.76 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.25 (s, IH), 8.30 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 9.99 (br s, IH) and 10.42 (br s, IH). MS m/z: 532 (M+H). [00388] (35)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(imidazo[l,5-α]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] (84)
Figure imgf000086_0001
[00389] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-(imidazo[l,5-α]pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-6,6- dimethylmoφholine-3-carboxamide#3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure A using imidazo[l,5-A]pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde (108 mg, 0.741 mmol, 2.0 eq) [prepared in one step from imidazo[l,5-A]pyridine by deprotonation with /i-butyl lithium in tetrahydrofuran followed by treatment with /V,/V-dimethylformamide (according to the procedure of Jeffrey P. Whitten et al, Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1986, 51(10), 1891-1894)]. Purification using silica gel chromatography eluting with 2-4% methanol/dichloromethane, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (70 mg, 29%). [00390] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.16 (s, 3H), 1.23 (s, 3H), 2.35 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.54 (d, IH, J = 11.0 Hz), 3.72 (dd, IH, J = 7.2, 5.5 Hz), 4.08-4.16 (m, 3H), 4.72 (d, IH, J = 15.1 Hz), 7.17 (t, IH, J = 7.0 Hz), 7.27 (t, IH, J = 6.6 Hz), 7.80 (d, IH, J = 9.2 Hz), 7.97 (s, IH), 8.05 (s, IH), 8.37 (s, IH), 8.53 (d, IH, J = 6.1 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 9.23 (d, IH, J = 7.0 Hz), 9.29 (s, IH). MS m/z: 489 (M+H). [00391] (3S)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-cyclopentyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] (85)
Figure imgf000086_0002
[00392] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[(l-cyclopentyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2- yl)methyl]-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide#3[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-cyclopentyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole (183 mg, 0.980 mmol, 1.5eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using /V-cyclopentylethane-l^-diamine (337 mg, 2.60 mmol) (which was prepared as described in Japanese patent No. JP2001- 177827)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (40 mg, 10%). [00393] 1H-NMR (U4-MeOD) δ: 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 1.61-1.76 (m, 7H), 1.88-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.35 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.94 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.55-3.64 (m, 2H), 3.82-4.03 (m, 5H), 4.11-4.13 (m, 2H), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.37 (d, IH, J = 2.4 Hz), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 6.5 Hz) and 9.27 (s, IH). MS m/z: 509 (M+H).
[00394] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{[l-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-4,5- dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl}morpholine-3-carboxamide«2[ΗCl] (86)
Figure imgf000087_0001
[00395] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-{ [l-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-4,5-dihydro- lH-imidazol-2-yl]methyl }moφholine-3-carboxamide»2[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 3-{ [2-(chloromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-l-yl]methyl}pyridine using 2-(chloromethyl)-l- cyclopentyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole (205 mg, 0.98 mmol, 1.5eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using N-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)ethane-l,2-diamine (300 mg, 2.0 mmol) (which was prepared as described in Latli, Bachir; D'Amour, Kevin; Casida, E., Kevin; Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1999, 42, 2227)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-50% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and then by preparative ΗPLC (eluting with 0-45% acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer), followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (36 mg, 9%).
[00396] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.25 (s, 3H),1.29 (s, 3H), 2.38 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.63 (s, 2H), 3.00 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 3.62-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.90-4.21 (m, 5H), 5.17 (d, IH, J = 16.4 Hz), 5.49 (d, IH, J = 16.4 Hz), 8.03 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.08-8.12 (m, IH), 8.37 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 8.79 (d, IH, J = 8.2 Hz), 8.84 (d, IH, J = 5.9 Hz), 9.15 (s, IH) and 9.34 (s, IH). MS m/z: 531 (M+H).
[00397] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{[l-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH- imidazol-2-yl]methyl}-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»2[ΗCl] (87)
Figure imgf000088_0001
[00398] (35)-/V-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-{ [l-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol- 2-yl] methyl }-6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide#2[ΗCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(chloromethyl)-l-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazole»HCl (221 mg, 0.98 mmol, 1.5eq) [prepared according to general procedure C using N-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)ethane-l,2-diamine (129 mg, 0.99 mmol). Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-80% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, and then by preparative HPLC (eluting with 0- 45% acetonitrile/water/formic acid buffer), followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (57 mg, 10 %).
[00399] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 0.99 (s, 9H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.40 (s, 3H), 2.38 (d, IH, J = 11.2), 2.94 (d, IH, J = 11.2), 3.42-3.47 (m, IH), 3.60-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.93 (m, 3H), 4.00-4.14 (m, 5H), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 1.8), 8.37 (d, IH, J = 1.8), 8.52 (d, IH, J = 6.5), 8.74 (d, IH, J = 5.3) and 9.27 (s, IH). MS m/z: 510 (M+H).
[00400] (3S)-iV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-6,6-dimethyl-4-(pyrimidin-5-ylmethyl)morpholine- 3-carboxamide (88)
Figure imgf000088_0002
[00401] (S)-5-(6-Chloro-9H-beta-carbolin-8-ylcarbamoyl)-2,2-dimethyl-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid tert-buty] ester (0.100 g, 0.218 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (1.00 mL) and cooled to 0 0C in an ice bath. Trifluoroacetic acid (1.00 mL) was added and the reaction stirred for 15 min before the ice bath was removed and the reaction stirred at room temperature for Ih total. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, then partitioned between ethyl acetate and a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was removed, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered, and concentrated to light brown solids that were stored under high vacuum for 90 minutes. [00402] The crude material was suspended in methanol (2.00 mL) and sodium cyanoborohydride (27 mg, 0.440 mmol) was added. The reaction was capped with a rubber septum under an argon atmosphere and acetic acid (0.050 mL, 0.88 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours then partitioned between a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to an oily, brown solid. Purification by silica gel chromatography eluting with 1-5% methanol/dichloromethane afforded the target compound (64 mg, 65%).
[00403] 1H-NMR (CDCl3 ) δ: 1.30 (s, 3H), 1.38 (s, 3H), 2.31 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 2.69 (d, IH, J = 11.7 Hz), 3.34-3.38 (m, IH), 3.66 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 3.91 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 4.01-4.18 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, IH, J = 1.2 Hz), 7.88 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 7.92 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.43 (d, IH, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.79 (s, 2H), 8.99 (s, IH), 9.18 (s, IH), 9.35 (s, IH) and 10.36 (s, br, IH). MS m/z: 451 (M+l). [00404] (3S)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[ΗCl] (89)
Figure imgf000089_0001
[00405] ((35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(2- chloroethyl)-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazole»HCl (117 mg, 0.695 mmol, 3.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure C using ethylene diamine and ethyl 3-chloropropanimidoate*HCl (ethyl 3- chloropropanimidoate»HCl was prepared in one step by bubbling HCl gas through a solution of 3- chloropropionitrile in ethanol and diethyl ether)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-70% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (67 mg, 20%).
[00406] 1H-NMR (d4-MeOD) δ: 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.43 (s, 3H), 2.48 (d, IH, J = 10.1 Hz), 2.80-3.10 (m, 3H), 3.20-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.86 (m, IH), 3.90-3.96 (m, 4H), 4.05-4.22 (m, 2H), 8.01 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.41 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.53 (d, IH, J = 6.6 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz) and 9.32 (s, IH). MS m/z: 455 (M+H).
[00407] (35)-yV-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yI)-4-[2-(l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]- 6,6-dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide*3[ΗCl] (90)
Figure imgf000090_0001
[00408] (35)-N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)-4-[2-(l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazol-2-yl)ethyl]-6,6- dimethylmorpholine-3-carboxamide»3[HCl] was prepared following general procedure B using 2-(2- chloroethyl)-l-ethyl-4,5-dihydro-l//-imidazole#HCl (164 mg, 0.834 mmol, 3.0 eq) [prepared following general procedure C using N-ethyl-l,2-ethanediamine and ethyl 3-chloropropanimidoate«HCl (ethyl 3- chloropropanimidoate#HCl was prepared in one step by bubbling HCl gas through a solution of 3- chloropropionitrile in ethanol and diethyl ether)]. Purification using reverse phase silica gel chromatography eluting with 0-70% acetonitrile/water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, followed by HCl salt formation, afforded the target compound (65 mg, 38%).
[00409] 1H-NMR (d4-Me0D) 5: 1.24 (t, 3H, J = 7.5 Hz), 1.28 (s, 3H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 2.31 (d, IH, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.74-2.83 (m, 2H), 3.13-3.26 (m, 3H), 3.51 (q, 2H, J = 7.1 Hz), 3.65-3.74 (m, IH), 3.87-3.95 (m, 4H), 4.02-4.15 (m, 2H), 8.06 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.40 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 8.53 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz), 8.75 (d, IH, J = 6.2 Hz) and 9.31 (s, IH). MS m/z: 484 (M+H). [00410] Table 1 below depicts compounds of the invention: [00411] Table 1:
Figure imgf000090_0002
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
Figure imgf000093_0001
Figure imgf000094_0001
Figure imgf000095_0001
31 32
Figure imgf000095_0002
33 34
Figure imgf000095_0003
35 36
Figure imgf000095_0004
Figure imgf000096_0001
Figure imgf000097_0001
52
Figure imgf000098_0001
53 54
Figure imgf000098_0002
55 56
Figure imgf000098_0003
57 58
Figure imgf000099_0001
Figure imgf000100_0001
71
Figure imgf000101_0001
73 74
Figure imgf000101_0002
75 76
Figure imgf000101_0003
77 78
Figure imgf000102_0001
85 86
Figure imgf000103_0001
87 88
Figure imgf000103_0002
89 90
[00412] Table II: Names of exemplary compounds of the invention (corresponding to the numbers in Table 1 above).
Figure imgf000103_0003
Figure imgf000104_0001
Figure imgf000105_0001
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000107_0001
[00413] Biological Data:
[00414] Compounds 1-8 and 10-90 showed an IC50 <1 μM in the primary enzyme assay.
[00415] Biological Testing
L00416J Compounds of this invention are effective inhibitors of IKB kinase (IKK), and therefore, are useful for treating conditions caused or aggravated by the activity of this kinase. The in vitro and in vivo
IKB kinase inhibitory activities of the compounds of formula I may be determined by various procedures known in the art. The potent affinities for IKB kinase exhibited by the inventive compounds can be measured as an IC5O value (in nM), which is the concentration (in nM) of compound required to provide
50% inhibition of IKB kinase.
[00417J Following are examples of assays that can be useful for evaluating and selecting a compound that modulates IKK.
[00418] Assay for measuring IKB kinase enzyme inhibition
[00419] An in vitro assay for detecting and measuring inhibition activity against IKB kinase complex by candidate pharmacological agents can employ a biotinylated GST fusion protein spanning residues 5-
55 of IκBα (SwissProt Accession No. P25963, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland) and an agent for detection of the phosphorylated product, e.g. a specific antibody binding only to the phosphorylated form GS, being either monoclonal or polyclonal (e.g., commercially-available anti- phospho-serine32 IKB antibodies). In the example of detecting the phosphorylated product by an anti- phosphoserines32 and 36 IKB antibody, once the antibody-phospho-GST-IκBα complex is formed, the complex can be detected by a variety of analytical methods (e.g., radioactivity, luminescence, fluorescence, or optical absorbance). For the use of the time resolved fluorescence method the antibody is labeled with europium chelate and the antibody-phospho-GST-lκBα complex is bound to biotin binding protein conjugated to a fluorescence acceptor (e.g., Steptavidin Alexa647, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California). How to prepare materials for and conduct this assay are described in more detail below. [00420] Isolation of the IKB kinase complex
[00421] An IκB-α kinase complex is prepared by first diluting 10 ml of HeLa S3 cell-extracts SlOO fraction (Lee et al. (1997) Cell 88:213-222) with 40 ml of 50 mM HEPES pH 7.5. Then, 40% ammonium sulfate is added and incubated on ice for 30 minutes. The resulting precipitated pellet is redissolved with 5 ml of SEC buffer (50 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 0.5 mM EDTA, 10 mM 2- glycerophosphate), clarified by centrifugation at 20,000 x g for 15 min., and filtrated through a 0.22 μm filter unit. The sample is loaded onto a 320 ml SUPEROSE-6 gel filtration FPLC column (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden) equilibrated with a SEC buffer operated at 2 ml/min flow rate at 4 0C. Fractions spanning the 670-kDa molecular-weight marker are pooled for activation. A kinase- containing pool is then activated by incubation with 100 nM MEKKlΔ(Lee et al. (1997) Cell 88:213- 222), 250 μM MgATP, 10 mM MgCl2, 5 mM DTT, 10 mM 2-glycerophosphate, 2.5 μM Microcystin- LR, for 45 minutes at 37 0C. The activated enzyme is stored at -80 0C until further use. [00422] Measurement of IKB kinase phosphotransferase activity
[00423] To each well of a 384 well plate, compounds of various concentrations in 1 μL if DMSO are incubated for 2 hours with 30 μL of assay buffer (50 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 5mM DTT, 1OmM MgCl2 1OmM 2-glycerophosphate, 0.1% Bovine Serum Albumin) containing a 1:90 dilution of activated enzyme, 100 nM biotinylated-GST-IκBα 5-55, and 50 μM ATP. Reactions are quenched with the addition of 10 μL of 25OmM EDTA before the addition of 40 μL of detection buffer (50 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 0.1% Bovine Serum Albumin, 0.01% Tween20, Pierce, Rockford, IL) containing 2 nM europium labeled anti-IκBα phosphoserine32 and 36 and 0.003 mg / mL Streptavidin Alexa647. Samples are allowed to incubate for 1 hour prior to reading on a Wallac Victor plate reader (Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, MA). As the assay has been previously shown to be linear with respect to enzyme concentration and time at the enzyme dilution tested, levels of time resolved fluorescence energy transfer are used to determine the inhibition activity of candidate pharmacological agents.
[00424] The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of the IKK complex. It will be appreciated that compounds of this invention can exhibit IKB kinase inhibitor activities of varying degrees. Following assay procedures described herein, the IKB kinase inhibition average IC5O values for the inventive compounds were generally below about 10 micromolar, preferably below about 1.0 micromolar, and more preferably below about 100 nanomolar. [00425] Cellular Assays: A variety of cellular assays are also useful for evaluating compounds of the invention:
[00426] Multiple Myeloma (MM) cell lines and patient-derived MM cells isolation
[00427] RPMI 8226 and U266 human MM cells are obtained from American Type Culture
Collection (Manassas, VA). All MM cell lines are cultured in RPMI-1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO), 2 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin (Pen) and
100 μg/mL streptomycin (Strep) (GIBCO brand cell culture products available from Invitrogen Life
Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). Patient-derived MM cells are purified from patient bone marrow (BM) aspirates using ROSETTESEP (B cell enrichment kit) separation system (StemCell Technologies,
Vancouver, Canada). The purity of MM cells are confirmed by flow cytometry using PE-conjugated anti-CD138 antibody (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA).
[00428] Bone Marrow Stroma Cell cultures
[00429] Bone marrow (BM) specimens are obtained from patients with MM. Mononuclear cells
(MNCs) separated by Ficoll-Hipaque density sedimentation are used to established long-term BM cultures as previously described (Uchiyama et al, Blood 1993, 82:3712-3720). Cells are harvested in
Hank's Buffered Saline Solution (HBSS) containing 0.25% trypsin and 0.02% EDTA, washed, and collected by centrifugation.
[00430] Cell Proliferation via measurement of DNA-synthesis rate
[00431] Proliferation is measured as described (Hideshima et al, Blood 96:2943 (2000)). MM cells
(3 x 104 cells/well) are incubated in 96-well culture plates (Corning Life Sciences, Corning, NY) in the presence of media or an IKK inhibitor of this invention for 48 h at 370C. DNA synthesis is measured by
[3H]-thymidine ([3H]-TdR, New England Nuclear division of Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences,
Boston, MA) incorporation into dividing cells. Cells are pulsed with [3H]TdR (0.5 μCi/well) during the last 8 h of 48 h cultures. All experiments are performed in triplicate.
[00432] MTT Cell Viability assay
[00433] The inhibitory effect of the present compounds on MM growth is assessed by measuring the reduction of yellow tetrazolium MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) by metabolically active cells (J. Immunol. Methods 174: 311-320, 1994). Cells from 48 h cultures are pulsed with 10 μL of 5 mg/mL MTT to each well for the last 4 h of the 48 h cultures, followed by 100 μL isopropanol containing 0.04N HCl. Absorbance is measured at 570 nm using a spectrophotometer
(Molecular Devices Corp., Sunnyvale CA).
[00434] NF-KB activation via Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay [00435] Electrophoretic mobility shift analyses (EMSA) are carried out as described (Hideshima et al, Oncogene 2001, 20:4519). Briefly, MM cells are pre-incubated with an IKK inhibitor of this invention (10 μM for 90 min) before stimulation with TNF-α (5 ng/mL) for 10 to 20 min. Cells are then pelleted, resuspended in 400 μL of hypotonic lysis buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 10 mM KCl, 1 mM EDTA, 0.2% Triton X-100, 1 mM Na3VO4, 5 mM NaF, 1 mM PMSF, 5 μg/mL leupeptin, 5 μg/mL aprotinin), and kept on ice for 20 min. After centrifugation (1400Og for 5 min) at 4°C, the nuclear pellet is extracted with 100 μL hypertonic lysis buffer (20 mM HEPES, pH 7.9, 400 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM Na3VO4, 5 mM NaF, 1 mM PMSF, 5 μg/mL leupeptin, 5 μg/mL aprotinin) on ice for 20 min. After centrifugation (1400Og for 5 min) at 4°C, the supernatant is collected as nuclear extract. Double- stranded NF-KB consensus oligonucleotide probe (5'-GGGGACTTTCCC-3\ Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz CA) is end-labeled with [(32P]ATP (50 μCi at 222 TBq/mM; New England Nuclear division of Perkin Elmer Life and Analytical Sciences, Boston, MA). Binding reactions containing 1 ng of oligonucleotide and 5 μg of nuclear protein are conducted at room temperature for 20 min in a total volume of 10 μL of binding buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 50 mM NaCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM DTT, 4% glycerol (v/v), and 0.5 μg poly (dl-dC) (Amersham Biosciences AB, Uppsala, Sweden). For supershift analysis, 1 μg of anti-p65 NF-κB Ab is added 5 min before the reaction mixtures, immediately after addition of radiolabeled probe. The samples are loaded onto a 4% polyacrylamide gel, transferred to Whatman paper (Whatman International, Maidstone, U.K.), and visualized by autoradiography.
[00436] Diffuse Large B-CeIl Lymphoma (DLBCL) Cell Proliferation assay
[00437] ABC-like (LY3 and LyIO) and GCB-like (Ly7 and Ly 19) DLBCL cell lines (Alizadeh et al (2000) Nature 403:503-511; Davis et al. (2001) J. Exp. Med. 194: 1861-1874) are maintained in growth medium (GM, Iscove's DMEM+10%FBS) by passaging cells twice per week. Cells are starved overnight in Iscove's DMEM medium + 0.5% FBS overnight before plated in proliferation assay. On the day of the assay, cells are counted and viability is checked using Trypan Blue staining. For the Ly3 and LyIO cells, 5000 cell are plated in GM per well in a 96-well plate. The Ly7 and Lyl9 cells are plated at 10,000 cells per well. IKK inhibitors are first dissolved in DMSO and then diluted in GM to reach the final concentrations of 80 μM - 0.01 μM. Each concentration is plated in triplicate. Cell viability is determined using a standard WST-I cell viability assay (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN). [00438] Human peripheral blood monocyte (PBMC) Cytokine Release Assay
[00439] Human PBMC is purified from normal donor whole blood by Ficoll gradient method. After a PBS wash, PBMC are re-suspended in AEVI-V medium. Serially diluted IKK inhibitors of this invention in 100% DMSO are added at 1 μl to the bottom of a 96-well plate and mixed with 180 μl 4.5 X 105 PBMC in AIM-V media per well. After preincubating PBMC with inhibitor at 370C for 40 min, cells are stimulated with 20 μl of either with LPS (100 ng/ml) or with anti-CD3 (0.25 μg/ml) and anti-
CD28 (0.25μg/ml) (Pharmingen division of BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA) at 370C for 5 hours. The supernatants are collected and assessed for IL-lβ or TNFα release using standard commercially available ELISA kits.
[00440] Human Chondrocyte Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) Release Assay
[00441] Human chondrocyte cell line SW1353 (ATCC, Manassas, VA) is cultured containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Hyclone, Logan, UT), 2 mM L-glutamine(GIBCO brand cell culture products available from Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) and 1% Pen/Strep (GIBCO). Cells are seeded in 96-well Poly-D-Lysine plate (BD BIOCOAT, Black/Clear bottom, BD Biosciences, Bedford,
MA). Serially diluted IKK inhibitors at 1 μl are added to each well of 96-well plates and mixed with
180 μl 4.5 X 105 chondrocytes per well. After pre-incubating cells with compounds for 1 hr at 37°C, cells are stimulated with 20 μl IL-lβ (10 ng/mL, R&D Systems Inc.) at 37°C for 24 hrs. The supernatants are then collected and assessed for production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) using commercially available ELISA kits.
[00442] Human Fibroblast Like Synoviocyte (HFLS) Assay
[00443] HFLS isolated from RA synovial tissues obtained at joint replacement surgery are provided by Cell Applications Inc. (San Diego, CA). IKK inhibitors of the invention are tested for their ability to block the TNF- or IL-lβ-induced release of IL-6 or EL-8 from these cells using commercially available
ELISA kits. Cell culture conditions and assay methods are described in Aupperle et al., Journal of
Immunology, 163:427-433 (1999).
[00444] Human Cord Blood Derived Mast Cell Assay
[00445] Human cord blood is obtained from Cambrex (Walkersville, MD). Mast cells are differentiated and cultured in a manner similar to that described by Hsieh et al., J. Exp. Med., 193: 123-
133 (2001). IKK inhibitors of the invention are tested for their ability to block the IgE- or LPS-induced
TNFα release using commercially available ELISA kits.
[00446] Osteoclast Differentiation and Functional Assays
[00447] Human osteoclast precursors are obtained as cryopreserved form from Cambrex
(Walkersville, MD). The cells are differentiated in culture based on instructions from the manufacturer.
IKK inhibitors of the invention are tested for their ability to block the differentiation, bone resorption and collagen degradation as described previously (see Khapli, S. M., Journal of Immunol, 171: 142-151
(2003); Karsdal, M. A., J Biol Chem, 278:44975-44987 (2003); and Takami, M., Journal of Immunol,
169: 1516-1523 (2002)). [00448] Rat Models for Rheumatoid Arthritis
[00449] Such testing is known in the literature and include a standard rat LPS model as described in Conway et al., "Inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) Production and Arthritis in the Rat by GW3333, a Dual Inhibitor of TNF — Converting Enzyme and Matrix Metalloproteinases", J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298(3), 900-908 (2001); a rat adjuvant induced arthritis model as described in Pharmacological Methods in the Control of Inflammation (1989) p 363-380 "Rat Adjuvant Arthritis: A Model of Chronic Inflammation" Barry M. Weichman author of book chapter {Alan R. Liss Inc Publisher}; and a rat collagen induced arthritis model as described in Pharmacological Methods in the Control of Inflammation (1989) p 395-413 "Type II Collagen Induced Arthritis in the Rat" DE Trentham and RA Dynesuis-Trentham authors of book chapter {Alan R. Liss Inc Publisher}. See also, "Animal Models of Arthritis: Relevance to Human Disease" (1999) by A. Bendele, J. McComb, T. Gould, T. McAbee, G. Sennello, E. Chlipala and M. Guy. Toxicologic Pathology VoI 27 (1) 134-142. [00450] Tumor Models:
[00451] ABC-like (LY3 and LYlO) DLBCL cell lines (Alizadeh et al (2000) Nature 403:503-511; Davis et al. (2001) J. Exp. Med. 194: 1861-1874) are maintained in growth medium (GM, Iscove's DMEM+10%FBS) by passaging cells twice per week. WSU-DLCL2 cells (obtained from DSMZ, Germany) are maintained in GM (1640 RPMI + 10% FBS) by passaging cells twice per week. Immunodeficient mice are inoculated with LYlO, LY3 or WSU-DLCL2 cells in the sub cutis and the cells are allowed to form tumor xenografts. Tumors are measured with Vernier Calipers and tumor volumes are calculated using the formula Volume = Width2xLength/2. Mice are randomized into vehicle and treatment groups and the effect of IKK inhibitors on tumor growth is measured over 28 days of treatment and compared to growth of tumors from mice treated with vehicle alone.
[00452] While we have described a number of embodiments of this invention, it is apparent that our basic examples may be altered to provide other embodiments, which utilize the compounds and methods of this invention. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the scope of this invention is to be defined by the appended claims rather than by the specific embodiments, which have been represented by way of example.
- I l l -

Claims

1. A compound of formula I:
Figure imgf000113_0001
I
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein,
R1 is hydrogen, halo, Ci_3aliphatic, amino, cyano, (Ci.3alkyl)i.2 amino, Ci.3alkoxy, -CONH2, - NHCOCF3, or -CH2NH2;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.4aliphatic, Ci_2alkoxy, or Ci.2haloalkyl;
R3 is hydrogen, halo, C ^
Figure imgf000113_0002
aliphatic, Ci_6alkoxy, Ci.6alkylthio, hydroxy, amino, cyano, or
Figure imgf000113_0003
each R4 is independently optionally substituted Ci_6 aliphatic, or two occurrences of R4 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted, fused or spiro, 3- 7-membered heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl ring; x is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
G is optionally substituted C^alkyl; and
R5 is:
Figure imgf000113_0004
Ul
Figure imgf000113_0005
IV
Figure imgf000114_0001
VIl VlU ix
Figure imgf000114_0002
Xl XH XiH XIV
Figure imgf000114_0003
XV XVl XVIl XVlH
Figure imgf000114_0004
XlX xx XXl XXH
Figure imgf000114_0005
XXlU XXlV XXV XXVl
wherein X is -NR7-, O, or S; n is 1, 2, or 3; m is O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; each R6, as valency and stability permit, is independently =0, -R8, -T-R8, or -V-T-R8, or two occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic 3-8-membered aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring; each R8, as valency and stability permits, is independently halo, -OR8'', -CN, -SR8'', - S(O)2R8'', -S(O)R8a, -C(O)R8'', -CO2R8'', -N(R8a)2, -C(O)N(R8'')2, -N(R8'')C(O)R8a, -N(R8a)CO2R8a, -S(O)2N(R8O2, -N(R8")S(O)2R8j, -N(R8j)S(O)2N(R8a)2, -N(R8a)C(O)N(R8j)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; T is an optionally substituted straight or branched C^alkylene chain; and V is -O-, -N(R8'1)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR8"-, -N(R8d)C(0)-, - N(R8")CO2-, -S(O)2NR8'1-, -N(R8j)S(O)2-, or -N(R8a)C(O)NR8a-; each R8a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; each R7, as valency and stability permit, is independently hydrogen, -R9, -Q-R10, or -W- Q-R10, or two occurrences of R7 may be taken together with a nitrogen atom to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic 3-8-membered heteroaryl or heterocyclyl ring, or one occurrence of R7 and one occurrence of R6 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound to form an optionally substituted monocyclic or bicyclic 3-8- membered aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring; wherein each R9, as valency and stability permit, is independently selected from S(O)2R9", -S(O)R9\ -C(O)R9", -CO2R9", -C(O)N(R9a)2, -S(O)2N(R9a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci βaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Q is an optionally substituted straight or branched Q^alkylene chain; and W is -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR9"-, or -S(O)2NR9"-; each R10, as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -OR10", -CN, - SR1Oa, -S(O)2R10", -S(O)R10a, -C(O)R10a, -CO2R10a, -N(R10")2, -C(O)N(R10"),, -N(R10a)C(O)R10a, -N(R10a)CO2R10a, -S(O)2N(R10a)2, -N(R10a)S(O)2R10", N(R10a)S(O)2R10dN(R10")2, -N(R10a)C(O)N(R10a)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; each R9" and R1Oa is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R9" is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Ci. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl.
2. The compound of claim 1, wherein
R > ι i -s hydrogen, halo, Ci.2alkyl, amino, or (Ci.2alkyl)!.2amino;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci 4aliphatic, C).2alkoxy, or Ci.2haloalkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.2aliphatic, Ci.2alkoxy, d.2thioalkyl, or Ci.2haloalkyl.
3. The compound of claim 2, wherein
R1 is hydrogen, halo, methyl, amino, or (Ci.2alkyl)1.2amino; R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.2aliphatic, or Q^haloalkyl; and R3 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.2alkoxy, or Ci.2aliphatic.
4. The compound of claim 3, wherein: R1 is hydrogen, halo, or methyl;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci_2aliphatic, or Ci_2haloalkyl; and R3 is hydrogen.
5. The compound of claim 1 having formula I-A:
Figure imgf000116_0001
I-A.
6. The compound of claim 1 having formula I-A-i:
Figure imgf000116_0002
I-A-i
7. The compound of claim 5 or 6, wherein each R4 is independently hydrogen or methyl.
8. The compound of claim 1, wherein R5 is:
Figure imgf000117_0001
9. The compound of claim 1, wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each R6 is independently halo, -OR8a, -CO2R8a, -CON(R8a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, each R7 is independently hydrogen, -Q-R10, or an optionally substituted group selected from Cj. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, wherein -Q- is an optionally substituted group selected from branched or unbranched Q.
6alkyl, and
R10 is -CO2RI0\ -OR10a, halo, -CON(R10a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; or or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
10. The compound of claim 9, wherein: m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each occurrence of R6 is independently fluoro, Ci_4alkyl, -OH, -O(C|-4alkyl), -COO(Ci_4alkyl), phenyl, or -(CH2)L3OH, wherein the Ci-4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro; and each occurrence of R7 is independently C,.4alkyl, -(CH2)i.3COO(C1.4alkyl), -(CH2),.3COOH, - (CH2)MCON(R10a)2, -(CH2)L3OR10'1, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, benzyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CHicyclobutyl, -CH2cyclopentyl, or -CH^cyclohexyl, wherein the Ci.4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro, or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
11. The compound of claim 1, wherein a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is optionally substituted at one or more substitutable carbon atoms with p occurrences of R11 and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with R12, wherein p is O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each R11, as valency and stability permit, is independently =0, -R13, -Y-R13, or -U-Y-R13; each R13, as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -ORl3a, -CN, -SR13a, - S(O)2R13a, -C(0)R13a, -CO2R13a, -N(R13a)2, -C(O)N(R13a)2, -N(R13a)C(O)R13a, -N(R13a)CO2R13a, - S(O)2N(R13a)2, -N(R13a)S(O)2R13a, -N(R13a)C(O)N(R13a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Y is an optionally substituted straight or branched C|.6alkylene chain; and
U is -O-, -N(R13a)-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR13a-, -N(R13a)C(O)-, - N(R13a)CO2-, -S(O)2NR13S -N(R13a)S(O)2-, or -N(R13a)C(O)NR13a-; each R13a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci- 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R12, as valency and stability permit, is independently hydrogen, -R14, -Z-R15, or -J-
Z-R 15. wherein each R14 is independently selected from -S(O)2R145, -S(O)R14b, - C(0)R14b, -CO2R14", -C(O)N(R14a)2, -S(O)2N(R14a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Z is an optionally substituted straight or branched Ci_6alkylene chain; and
J is -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR14'1-, Or -S(O)2NR14''-; each R15 is independently halo, -0R15a, -CN, -SR15", -S(O)2R15'', -C(O)R15'1, -CO2R15'1, -N(R15a)2, -C(O)N(R 15a)2, -N(R15a)C(O)Rl5a, -N(R15a)CO2R15a, -S(O)2N(R15a)2, - N(R15<1)S(O)2RI5a, -N(R15'')C(O)N(Rl5a)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; each R14j and R15a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R14b is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Q. 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl.
12. The compound of claim 11, wherein a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is selected from:
Figure imgf000119_0001
wherein X is O, S, or -NR12-.
13. The compound of claim 1, having formula I-B:
Figure imgf000120_0001
I-B wherein
R1 is hydrogen, halo, or methyl;
R2 is hydrogen, halo, Ci.2aliphatic, or Ci.2haloalkyl; and
R3 is hydrogen.
14. The compound of claim 13, wherein R5 is:
Figure imgf000120_0002
15. The compound of claim 14, wherein m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each R6 is independently halo, -OR8a, -CO2R8a, -CO(NR8a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, each R7 is independently hydrogen, -Q-R10, or an optionally substituted group selected from Cj 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl, wherein -Q- is optionally substituted branched or unbranched Ci.6alkyl, and R10 is -CO2R10'', -OR10'1, halo, -CON(R10O2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci_6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; or or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
16. The compound of claim 15, wherein: m is 0, 1, 2, or 3; each occurrence of R6 is independently fluoro, C,.4alkyl, -OH, -0(Ci 4alkyl), -COO(C,.4alkyl), phenyl, or -(CH2)i_3OH, wherein the Ci-4alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro; and each occurrence of R7 is independently C,_4alkyl, -(CH2)i.3COO(d.4alkyl), -(CH2) ,.3COOH, - (CH2),.3CON(R10a)2, -(CH2)MORl0a, wherein the C^alkyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 occurrences of fluoro, or an optionally substituted group selected from phenyl, benzyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, -CH2cyclobutyl, -CH2cyclopentyl, or -CH2cyclohexyl, or wherein 2 occurrences of R6 may be taken together with the atom(s) to which they are bound, or one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7 may be taken together with the atoms to which they are bound, to form an optionally substituted aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl ring.
17. The compound of claim 15, wherein a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is optionally substituted at one or more substitutable carbon atoms with p occurrences of R11 and at one or more substitutable nitrogen atoms with R12, wherein p is O, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6; each R", as valency and stability permit, is independently =O, -R13, -Y-R13, or -U-Y-R13; each R13, as valency and stability permit, is independently halo, -OR13a, -CN, -SR13a, - S(O)2R133, -C(0)R13a, -CO2R13a, -N(R13a)2, -C(O)N(R13a)2, -N(R13a)C(O)R13a, -N(R13a)CO2R13a, - S(O)2N(R13a)2, -N(R13a)S(O)2R13a, -N(R13a)C(O)N(R13a)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Y is an optionally substituted straight or branched C|.6alkylene chain; and
U is -O-, -N(Rn")-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(0)NR13a-, -N(R13a)C(O)-, - N(Rl3a)CO2-, -S(O)2NR"-1-, -N(R13")S(O)2-, or -N(R13")C(O)NR13"-; each Rl3a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from C1, 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R ", as valency and stability permit, is independently hydrogen, -R , -Z-R , or -J-
Z-R15; wherein each R14 is independently selected from -S(O)2R145, -S(O)R14", - C(O)R14", -CO2R14b, -C(O)N(R14a)2, -S(O)2N(R14;1)2, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl;
Z is an optionally substituted straight or branched Ci_6alkylene chain; and
J is -S(O)-, -S(O)2-, -C(O)-, -CO2-, -C(O)NR14S or -S(O)2NR14a-; each R15 is independently halo, -0R15a, -CN, -SR15a, -S(O)2R15a, -C(O)R15a, -CO2R15a, -N(R15a)2, -C(O)N(R15a)2, -N(R15a)C(O)R15a, -N(R15a)CO2R15a, -S(O)2N(R15a)2, - N(R15a)S(O)2R15a, -N(R15a)C(O)N(Rl5a)2 or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or carbocyclyl; each R14a and R15a is independently hydrogen or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci.βaliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl; and each R14" is independently an optionally substituted group selected from Cu 6aliphatic, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or carbocyclyl.
18. The compound of claim 17, wherein a ring formed by 2 occurrences of R6, or by one occurrence of R6 and one occurrence of R7, is selected from:
Figure imgf000122_0001
wherein X is O, S, or -NR12-.
19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
20. A method of treating cancer in a patient comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
21. The method of claim 20, wherein the cancer is lymphoma, multiple myeloma, osteolytic bone metastasis, head or neck cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, or pancreatic cancer.
22. The method of claim 20, wherein the cancer is Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, or head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
23. A method of treating an inflammatory disease or immune-related disease in a patient comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the disease is rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or multiple sclerosis.
25. The method of claim 24, wherein the disease is rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
26. A method of inhibiting IKK in a patient comprising administering to said patient a compound of claim 1.
27. A method of inhibiting IKK in a biological sample comprising contacting said sample with a compound of claim 1.
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