WO2009051730A1 - Récepteurs micro-ondes et radiofréquences basés sur des résonateurs en mode de chuchotement en galerie électro-optiques - Google Patents

Récepteurs micro-ondes et radiofréquences basés sur des résonateurs en mode de chuchotement en galerie électro-optiques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009051730A1
WO2009051730A1 PCT/US2008/011778 US2008011778W WO2009051730A1 WO 2009051730 A1 WO2009051730 A1 WO 2009051730A1 US 2008011778 W US2008011778 W US 2008011778W WO 2009051730 A1 WO2009051730 A1 WO 2009051730A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
optical resonator
optical
resonator
signal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2008/011778
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lutfollah Maleki
Vladimir Ilchenko
David Seidel
Original Assignee
Oewaves, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oewaves, Inc. filed Critical Oewaves, Inc.
Publication of WO2009051730A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009051730A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/1071—Ring-lasers
    • H01S5/1075—Disk lasers with special modes, e.g. whispering gallery lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/10—Construction or shape of the optical resonator, e.g. extended or external cavity, coupled cavities, bent-guide, varying width, thickness or composition of the active region
    • H01S5/14—External cavity lasers
    • H01S5/141—External cavity lasers using a wavelength selective device, e.g. a grating or etalon

Definitions

  • Optical resonators may be used to spatially confine resonant optical energy in a limited cavity with a low optical loss.
  • the resonance of an optical resonator may be used to provide various useful functions such as optical filtering, optical modulation, optical amplification, optical delay, and others.
  • Light can be coupled into or out of optical resonators via various coupling mechanisms according to the configurations of the resonators. For example, Fabry-Perot optical resonators with two reflectors at two terminals may use partial optical transmission of at least one reflector to receive or export light.
  • Optical whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators confine light in a whispering gallery mode that is totally reflected within a closed circular optical path. Unlike Fabry-Perot resonators, light in WGM resonators cannot exit the resonators by optical transmission. Light in a WGM resonator "leaks" out of the exterior surface of the closed circular optical path of a WGM resonator via the evanescence field of the WG mode. An optical coupler can be used to couple light into or out of the WGM resonator via this evanescent field.
  • a photonic RF devic includes a laser that is tunable in response to a control signal and produces a laser beam at a laser frequency; and an optical resonator structured to support a whispering gallery mode circulating in the optical resonator.
  • Thee optical resonator is optically coupled to the laser to receive a portion of the laser beam into the optical resonator in the whispering gallery mode and to feed laser light in the whispering gallery mode in the optical resonator back to the laser to stabilize the laser frequency at a frequency of the whispering gallery mode and to reduce a linewidth of the laser.
  • the optical resonator exhibits an electro-optic effect in response to a control signal.
  • This device includes electrodes formed on the optical resonator to apply the control signal to the optical resonator; an RF circuit that receives an RF signal carrying a baseband signal and applies the RF signal to the electrodes on the optical resonator at a frequency equal to a free spectral range of the optical resonator; a first optical detector coupled to detect modulated light coupled out of the optical resonator to produce a baseband signal of the input RF signal; a second optical detector coupled to detect modulated light coupled out of the optical resonator to produce a feedback signal; and an electrical feedback that applies the feedback signal to the electrodes to perform optical modulation in the optical resonator.
  • an RF photonic device includes a laser that is tunable in response to a control signal and produces a laser beam at a laser frequency and a first optical resonator structured to support a whispering gallery mode circulating in the optical resonator.
  • the first optical resonator is optically coupled to the laser to receive a portion of the laser beam into the optical resonator in the whispering gallery mode and to feed laser light in the whispering gallery mode in the optical resonator back to the laser to stabilize the laser frequency at a frequency of the whispering gallery mode and to reduce a linewidth of the laser.
  • the device includes a second optical resonator made of an electro-optic material to support a whispering gallery mode circulating in the optical resonator and the second optical resonator is optically coupled to the laser to receive a portion of the laser beam from the laser.
  • An RF circuit is provided and receives an RF signal carrying a baseband signal and modulates the second optical resonator at a frequency equal to a free spectral range of the second optical resonator.
  • a slow optical detector coupled to detect modulated light coupled out of the second optical resonator to produce a baseband signal of the input RF signal.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an RF receiver based on a laser stabilized by a WGM resonator and an electro-optic WGM resonator modulator driven by the stabilized laser.
  • FIGS. IA and IB show an example of an electro-optic WGM resonator used for optical modulation in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of an RF receiver based on optical injection locking of a laser to an electro-optic WGM resonator that operates to both stabilize the laser via injection locking and to provide optical modulation via its electro-optic effect in response to a received RF signal.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show two exemplary implementations of an RF receiver based on the receiver design in FIG. 2 where an optical detector is coupled to the WGM resonator and a feedback loop to the WGM resonator is provided to construct an opto-electronic oscillator.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 show operations of an RF receiver based on the design in FIGS. 1-4.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of a multi-channel RF receiver formed by two or more RF receivers shown in FIGS. 1-4 that share a common feedback loop for the opto-electronic oscillation in each WGM resonator.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of an RF receiver based on a laser 1100 stabilized by a WGM resonator 1400.
  • a diode laser 1100 is optically coupled to a resonator 1400 on the right hand-side based on optical injection locking.
  • the laser output is directed via a GRIN lens coupler 1210 and an optical WGM evanescent coupler 1224 to direct laser light into the WGM resonator 1400.
  • the feedback light of the resonator 1400 is injected back to the laser 1100 to stabilize the laser 1100 so that the laser wavelength is locked at the wavelength of the WGM mode in the resonator 1400 and to reduce the linewidth of the laser 1100.
  • One way to achieve this injection locking is described in U.S.
  • the main components for the receiver are on the left-hand side of the laser 1100.
  • a high sensitivity lithium niobate resonance WGM light modulator is provided to receive the stabilized laser light from the laser 1100 and to modulate the received light based on the received RF signal 1500 via an RF port 1126 (e.g., at 35 GHz) .
  • the modulator includes an electro-optical WGM resonator 1300 made of an electro-optic material and has electrodes 1310 formed thereon to apply a control voltage to change the index of the resonator to cause optical modulation to light confined in one or more WG modes.
  • the RF port 1126 is electrically coupled to the electrodes 1310 on the resonator 1300 to apply the received RF signal 1500 to the resonator 1300 to modulate light inside the resonator 1300.
  • An optical evanescent coupler 1124 such as an optical prism, is provided to provide optical coupling to and from the WGM resonator 1300.
  • the laser light from the laser 1100 is injected via evanescent coupling into the resonator 1300 and to retrieve light inside the resonator 1300 from the resonator 1300 as output light.
  • This output light can be coupled into a photodetector 1700, which can be a detector of a sufficient response speed to detect the baseband RF signal modulated on to the light by the modulator 1300 in response to the received RF signal 1500 at the RF port 1126.
  • the detector 1700 can be a 5-MHz photodiode that detect video signals.
  • the RF receiver in FIG. 1 receives the RF signal 1500 carrying a baseband signal at the input RF port 1126 and outputs the baseband signal at the photodetector 1700.
  • the down-conversion operation is carried out in the optical domain by the optical modulator 1300.
  • the RF receiver is a photonic-based receive with an optical core or engine .
  • FIGS. IA and IB shows an example of a tunable electro-optic WGM resonator 1000 suitable for use for the modulator with the resonator 1300 in FIG. 1.
  • the electro- optic material for the resonator 1000 may be any suitable material, including an electro-optic crystal such as Lithium Niobate and semiconductor multiple quantum well structures.
  • One or more electrodes 1011 and 1012 may be formed on the resonator 1000 to apply the control electrical field in the region where the WG modes are present to control the index of the electro-optical material and to change the filter function of the resonator. Assuming the resonator 1000 has disk or ring geometry, the electrode 1011 may be formed on the top of the resonator and the electrode 1012 may be formed on the bottom of the resonator as illustrated in the side view of the device in FIG. IB. In one implementation, the electrodes 1011 and 1012 may constitute an RF or microwave resonator to apply the RF or microwave signal to co-propagate along with the desired optical WG mode.
  • the electrodes 1011 and 1012 may be microstrip line electrodes.
  • a varying DC voltage can be applied to tune the WGM frequency and an RF or microwave signal, which includes the RF signal 1500, can be applied to modulate the WGM frequency.
  • the laser locking part of the RF receiver in FIG. 1 can include an optical detector 1410 that receives output light from the coupler 1224 to monitor the laser locking condition.
  • a second optical detector 1420 can be coupled to the resonator 1400 to detector light in the resonator 1400 to produce an output signal 1421 as an RF output for the RF receiver in FIG. 1.
  • the laser 1100 has an electrical input 1101 to receive an RF signal 1102 for opto-electronic oscillation operation.
  • FIG. 2 shows another RF receiver which has only the electro-optic WDM resonator 1300 without the second WGM resonator 1400 for locking the laser 1100.
  • the resonator 1300 performs dual functions: an optical modulator for modulating the light in response to the received RF signal 1500 and an optical injection locking frequency reference to provide a narrow frequency reference to lock the laser 1100.
  • This design is to simplify the implementation of the receiver in which the standalone narrow-linewidth laser 1100 is electronically locked to a lithium niobate resonator mode of the resonator 1300.
  • the injection locking is achieved by optical feedback produced by the LN resonator 1300 itself.
  • the feedback can be achieved automatically by optical coupling methods between the laser 1100 and the resonator 1300, such as prism coupling, during which light is inserted into a traveling WG mode inside the resonator 1300, and is reflected in the cavity mode itself into the laser 1100, forcing the laser to lase at the frequency of the WG mode for the injection locking.
  • a diffractive coupler can be used that excites a standing-wave WG mode in the lithium niobate resonator 1300 directly. Because this coupling is reciprocal, laser will receive optical feedback form resonator automatically.
  • a partial mirror is placed after the traveling-wave coupler to WG mode, and partial standing wave is created between laser 1100 and this mirror.
  • This standing wave will produce coupling to the corresponding standing-wave WG mode in the resonator 1300, and will provide high Q optical feedback from the WG mode into the laser 1100 for injection locking and linewidth narrowing.
  • the RF frequency is equal to the free spectral range of the optical resonator 1300.
  • the optical detector 1700 is used at the output of the optical resonator 1300 to detect the baseband signal carried by the RF signal
  • FIG. 3 shows one implementation of an RF receiver with a single WGM resonator for modulation and laser injection locking.
  • a near-field coupled high speed photodiode 3100 is evanescently coupled the resonator 1300 to detect light and to produce a detector signal to a feedback control circuit 3300 which conditions the signal, e.g., controlling the phase or delay of the signal and filtering the signal to select a particular frequency in the feedback loop.
  • An amplifier 3310 is connected downstream from the circuit 330 to amplify the signal as a feedback signal to a signal combiner 3320.
  • the signal combiner 3320 is coupled to an antenna or receiver circuit 3400 that receives the RF signal 1500 and combines the signal from the amplifier 3310 and the RF signal 1500 into a control signal.
  • This control signal is fed into the electrodes 1310 on the resonator 1300 to modulate the light inside the modulator 1300.
  • This design forms an optoelectronic loop with an optical portion that includes the optical resonator 1300 as an optical delay element and an optical modulator, and an electrical portion which includes the photodiode 3100, the circuit 3300, the amplifier 3310, the signal combiner 3320 and the electrodes 1300.
  • This is a closed loop and can be operated to have a loop gain higher than the loop loss and the feedback to the resonator 1300 can be in phase.
  • the closed loop is a positive feedback loop and will oscillate as an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) at a frequency at which the light in the resonator 1300 is modulated.
  • OEO optoelectronic oscillator
  • the laser light from the laser 1100 is also modulated due to the feedback light from the resonator 1300.
  • the resonator 1300 provide the optical delay in the loop to reduce the phase noise of the loop that may be difficult to achieve with a conventional RF voltage-controlled oscillator.
  • FIG. 4 shows a variation of the receiver in FIG. 3 where an optical coupler 4100 is provided to receive output light from the coupler 1124 that provides optical coupling between the laser 1100 and the resonator 1300.
  • the detector 3100 for the OEO is used to receive a portion light from the coupler 4100 and the second detector 3200 is used for monitoring the injection locking.
  • This design needs only one evanescent coupler 1124 in comparison with the design in FIG.
  • FIGS. 5, 6 and 7 illustrate operations of the RF receiver in the frequency domain to show optical demodulation or frequency down-conversion in detecting the baseband signal carried by the RF signal 1500.
  • the oscillation frequency of the OEO which is the frequency at which the light is modulated in the resonator 1300, can be selected to achieve a desired frequency down-conversion in the optical domain.
  • such a photonic RF receiver can be used to directly detect the baseband signal at the detector 1700, thus significantly simplifying the RF circuitry.
  • the WGM resonator 1300 can be a resonator with a high Q value to produce significant advantages for the device performance and operations.
  • FIG. 8 shows a multi-channel RF receive system with two or more RF receives with interconnected OEO loops .
  • two RF receives are linked to receive two RF signals 1501 and 1502 carrying two different baseband signals.
  • the electrical feedback signals 8010 and 8020 are combined at the circuit 330 to produce a single feedback signal output by the amplifier.
  • the feedback signal is split into two signals, one for each resonator.
  • This design provides synchronous RF local oscillators that are in phase with each other.
  • Three or more photonic receivers can be so linked to operate in synhcronziatoin.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur des récepteurs radiofréquences basés sur des résonateurs en mode de chuchotement en galerie.
PCT/US2008/011778 2007-10-12 2008-10-14 Récepteurs micro-ondes et radiofréquences basés sur des résonateurs en mode de chuchotement en galerie électro-optiques WO2009051730A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99862407P 2007-10-12 2007-10-12
US60/998,624 2007-10-12
US15791508A 2008-06-13 2008-06-13
US12/157,915 2008-06-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009051730A1 true WO2009051730A1 (fr) 2009-04-23

Family

ID=40567688

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/011778 WO2009051730A1 (fr) 2007-10-12 2008-10-14 Récepteurs micro-ondes et radiofréquences basés sur des résonateurs en mode de chuchotement en galerie électro-optiques

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009051730A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8514400B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2013-08-20 Oewaves, Inc. Optical gyroscope sensors based on optical whispering gallery mode resonators
WO2016164435A1 (fr) * 2015-04-07 2016-10-13 Oewaves, Inc. Système lidar compact

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6661950B1 (en) * 2001-01-10 2003-12-09 Nomadics, Inc. Microresonator-based tuned optical filter
US6871025B2 (en) * 2000-06-15 2005-03-22 California Institute Of Technology Direct electrical-to-optical conversion and light modulation in micro whispering-gallery-mode resonators

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6871025B2 (en) * 2000-06-15 2005-03-22 California Institute Of Technology Direct electrical-to-optical conversion and light modulation in micro whispering-gallery-mode resonators
US6661950B1 (en) * 2001-01-10 2003-12-09 Nomadics, Inc. Microresonator-based tuned optical filter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
M. HOSSEIN-ZADEH ET AL.: "Mb/s data transmission over a RF fiber-optic link using a LiNb03 mierodisk modulator", SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS, vol. 46, 2002, pages 2173 - 2178, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:http://www.use.edu/dept/engineering/eleceng/AdvNetworkTech/HtmI/publications/SSEpublished.11.19.02.pdf> *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8514400B2 (en) 2010-03-23 2013-08-20 Oewaves, Inc. Optical gyroscope sensors based on optical whispering gallery mode resonators
WO2016164435A1 (fr) * 2015-04-07 2016-10-13 Oewaves, Inc. Système lidar compact
US10168429B2 (en) 2015-04-07 2019-01-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Compact LIDAR system
TWI710786B (zh) * 2015-04-07 2020-11-21 美商Ｇｍ全球技術有限公司 光達系統與其利用方法及其應用之載具輔助系統
US11255970B2 (en) 2015-04-07 2022-02-22 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Compact LIDAR system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7965745B2 (en) RF and microwave receivers based on electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonators
US7801189B2 (en) Cross modulation-based opto-electronic oscillator with tunable electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonator
CA2478347C (fr) Horloge atomique fondee sur un oscillateur opto-electronique
US6567436B1 (en) Opto-electronic oscillators having optical resonators
US7869472B2 (en) Optical locking based on optical resonators with high quality factors
US7061335B2 (en) Processing of signals with regenerative opto-electronic circuits
US7173749B2 (en) Opto-electronic feedback for stabilizing oscillators
US5917179A (en) Brillouin opto-electronic oscillators
US8538270B2 (en) Photonic RF frequency conversion
US20050123306A1 (en) Tunable balanced opto-electronic filters and applications in opto-electronic oscillators
US8564869B1 (en) Voltage controlled tunable single sideband modulators and devices based on electro-optic optical whispering gallery mode resonators
WO2009051730A1 (fr) Récepteurs micro-ondes et radiofréquences basés sur des résonateurs en mode de chuchotement en galerie électro-optiques
US7027471B2 (en) Fast wavelength-tunable laser system using Fabry-Perot laser diode
CN111725689A (zh) 窄线宽快调谐激光器
Yao et al. Opto-electronic oscillators having optical resonators
Liu et al. A novel method for photonic generation of millimeter-wave signals with optical injection locked microring laser

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08839711

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08839711

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1