WO2009046465A2 - Optical fibre sensor arrangement - Google Patents

Optical fibre sensor arrangement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009046465A2
WO2009046465A2 PCT/ZA2008/000082 ZA2008000082W WO2009046465A2 WO 2009046465 A2 WO2009046465 A2 WO 2009046465A2 ZA 2008000082 W ZA2008000082 W ZA 2008000082W WO 2009046465 A2 WO2009046465 A2 WO 2009046465A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fibre
speckle pattern
optical fibre
spatial distribution
image sensor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ZA2008/000082
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009046465A3 (en
Inventor
Cornelius Johannes Engelbrecht
Michael John Victor
Original Assignee
Nedsis Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nedsis Bv filed Critical Nedsis Bv
Publication of WO2009046465A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009046465A2/en
Publication of WO2009046465A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009046465A3/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the invention relate to an optical fibre sensor arrangement and to a method of determining a particular occurrence taking place.
  • Multi-mode optical fibres allow concurrent propagation of multiple rays of light through the core of such a fibre, each at a slightly different reflection angle in the core.
  • the different light rays traveling trough such a multi-mode fibre produce a speckle pattern when projected onto a surface at an end of the fibre.
  • a speckle pattern is a random intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of coherent wavefronts that are subject to phase differences and/or intensity fluctuations.
  • an optical fibre sensor arrangement which includes:- a light source configured to inject rays of light into an optical fibre, in use; a multi-mode optical fibre arranged in communication with the light source; at least one lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal from the light source, which lens is configured to focus a speckle pattern of the injected light rays onto an image sensor; an image sensor configured to detect a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern focused thereon by the lens; and a processor configured to interpret the detected spatial distribution, wherein movement of the fibre produces a particular speckle pattern identifiable according to predetermined patterns and wherein a particular pattern is indicative of a specific occurrence. It is to be appreciated that slight movements of the fibre will produce a particular speckle pattern.
  • the fibre proximate a particular area or object, it is possible to sense movements and/or vibrations of the object.
  • the fibre under a walkway it is possible to sense when a person passes the walkway, or when a cart passes the walkway, or the like.
  • By pre- configuring the speckle pattern produced it is possible to use neural networks or artificial intelligence algorithms to sense similar occurrences.
  • the light source may include a laser.
  • the light source may include a light emitting diode, or the like. It is to be appreciated that the light source may include any suitable light source usable in fibre optic communications.
  • the image sensor may include an imaging pixel array having columns and rows allowing it to sense the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern. It is to be appreciated that the image sensor is capable of sensing the spatial distribution, i.e. an area, of the light rays focused thereon. This allows for much more accurate sensing than using a single photodiode sensor, or the like.
  • the processor may be configured to interpret the spatial distribution by executing a specific set of instructions.
  • the specific set of instructions may include a neural network application, artificial intelligence applications, predictive software, and/or the like.
  • a method of determining a particular occurrence affecting an object taking place including at least the steps of:- injecting two or more rays of light into a multi-mode optical fibre located on or close to the object; focusing the light rays onto an image sensor to produce a speckle pattern using a lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal the injection point of the light rays; detecting a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern using the image sensor; and interpreting the detected spatial distribution to determine whether a particular occurrence resulting in movement or vibration of the fibre has taken place.
  • a particular speckle pattern is indicative of a particular occurrence.
  • a series of occurrences resulting in movement or vibration of the fibre are carried out to determine the particular speckle pattern each occurrence produces to permit determination of such occurrences when using the method.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in diagrammatic view, an optical fibre sensor arrangement, in accordance with the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows examples of speckle patterns sensed by the sensor arrangement.
  • an optical fibre sensor arrangement in accordance with the invention, is generally indicated by reference numeral 10.
  • the sensor arrangement 10 typically includes a light source 12, an optical fibre 14, a lens arrangement 18, an image sensor 20 and a processor 22.
  • the light source 12 is configured to inject rays of light 16 into the optical fibre 14, in use.
  • the light source 12 may include a laser, a light emitting diode, or the like. It is to be appreciated that the light source 12 may include any suitable light source usable in fibre optic communications.
  • the optical fibre 14 is typically a multi-mode optical fibre arranged in communication with the light source 12, as shown.
  • a multi-mode fibre allows a plurality of light rays 16 to traverse through the fibre 14.
  • the lens arrangement 18 comprises at least one lens arranged at an end of the fibre 14 distal from the light source 12.
  • the lens arrangement 18 includes two lenses.
  • the lenses 18 are configured to focus a speckle pattern 24 of the injected light rays 16 onto the image sensor 20.
  • the image sensor 20 is, in turn, configured to detect the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern 24 focused thereon by the lenses 18.
  • the image sensor 20 generally includes an imaging pixel array having columns and rows allowing it to sense the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern 24. It is to be appreciated that the image sensor 20 is capable of sensing the spatial distribution, i.e. an area, of the light rays focused thereon. This allows for much more accurate sensing than using a single photodiode sensor, or the like.
  • the processor 22 is configured to interpret the detected spatial distribution, so that movement of the fibre 14 produces a particular speckle pattern 24 identifiable according to predetermined patterns, wherein a particular pattern is indicative of a specific occurrence.
  • occurrences may include any event that produces movement or vibrations in the fibre 14.
  • the fibre 14 may be installed, in one embodiment of the invention, in a security fence.
  • the predetermined patterns can be established.
  • the processor 22 is able to recognize similar patterns and to classify these patterns as certain occurrences, i.e. a person climbing or bumping a fence, movement of a person or cart, or the like.
  • the speckle pattern includes a whole host of identifiable points per occurrence due to the pattern spread out over a surface of the image sensor 20, accurate readings are possible.
  • the processor 22 is typically configured to interpret the spatial distribution by executing a specific set of instructions.
  • the specific set of instructions may include a neural network application, artificial intelligence applications, predictive software, and/or the like.
  • the Inventors regard it as an advantage that the sensor arrangement enables the sensing of a particular occurrence due to artificial intelligence recognition of a particular spatial distribution of a projected speckle pattern.
  • the Inventors regard it as a further advantage that the sensor enables accurate sensing due to the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
  • Optical Transform (AREA)

Abstract

An optical fibre sensor arrangement including a light source to inject light into a multi-mode optical fibre, at least one lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal from the light source, which lens is configured to focus a speckle pattern of the injected rays onto an image sensor, an image sensor configured to detect a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern, and a processor to interpret the detected spatial distribution, wherein movement of the fibre produces a particular speckle pattern identifiable according to predetermined patterns and wherein a particular pattern is indicative of a specific occurrence.

Description

OPTICAL FIBRE SENSOR ARRANGEMENT
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the invention relate to an optical fibre sensor arrangement and to a method of determining a particular occurrence taking place.
BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION
Light travelling through an optical fibre travels along a particular path in such a fibre. Multi-mode optical fibres allow concurrent propagation of multiple rays of light through the core of such a fibre, each at a slightly different reflection angle in the core. The different light rays traveling trough such a multi-mode fibre produce a speckle pattern when projected onto a surface at an end of the fibre. A speckle pattern is a random intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of coherent wavefronts that are subject to phase differences and/or intensity fluctuations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided an optical fibre sensor arrangement which includes:- a light source configured to inject rays of light into an optical fibre, in use; a multi-mode optical fibre arranged in communication with the light source; at least one lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal from the light source, which lens is configured to focus a speckle pattern of the injected light rays onto an image sensor; an image sensor configured to detect a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern focused thereon by the lens; and a processor configured to interpret the detected spatial distribution, wherein movement of the fibre produces a particular speckle pattern identifiable according to predetermined patterns and wherein a particular pattern is indicative of a specific occurrence. It is to be appreciated that slight movements of the fibre will produce a particular speckle pattern. As such, by installing the fibre proximate a particular area or object, it is possible to sense movements and/or vibrations of the object. For example, installing the fibre under a walkway, it is possible to sense when a person passes the walkway, or when a cart passes the walkway, or the like. By pre- configuring the speckle pattern produced, it is possible to use neural networks or artificial intelligence algorithms to sense similar occurrences.
The light source may include a laser. The light source may include a light emitting diode, or the like. It is to be appreciated that the light source may include any suitable light source usable in fibre optic communications.
The image sensor may include an imaging pixel array having columns and rows allowing it to sense the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern. It is to be appreciated that the image sensor is capable of sensing the spatial distribution, i.e. an area, of the light rays focused thereon. This allows for much more accurate sensing than using a single photodiode sensor, or the like.
The processor may be configured to interpret the spatial distribution by executing a specific set of instructions. The specific set of instructions may include a neural network application, artificial intelligence applications, predictive software, and/or the like.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of determining a particular occurrence affecting an object taking place, the method including at least the steps of:- injecting two or more rays of light into a multi-mode optical fibre located on or close to the object; focusing the light rays onto an image sensor to produce a speckle pattern using a lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal the injection point of the light rays; detecting a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern using the image sensor; and interpreting the detected spatial distribution to determine whether a particular occurrence resulting in movement or vibration of the fibre has taken place. A particular speckle pattern is indicative of a particular occurrence.
Prior to use of the method, a series of occurrences resulting in movement or vibration of the fibre are carried out to determine the particular speckle pattern each occurrence produces to permit determination of such occurrences when using the method.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is now described, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein
Figure 1 shows, in diagrammatic view, an optical fibre sensor arrangement, in accordance with the invention; and
Figure 2 shows examples of speckle patterns sensed by the sensor arrangement.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to the accompanying drawings, an optical fibre sensor arrangement, in accordance with the invention, is generally indicated by reference numeral 10.
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practiced without these specific details.
Reference in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not other embodiments. With reference now to Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, one embodiment of the optical fibre sensor arrangement 10 is shown. The sensor arrangement 10 typically includes a light source 12, an optical fibre 14, a lens arrangement 18, an image sensor 20 and a processor 22.
The light source 12 is configured to inject rays of light 16 into the optical fibre 14, in use. The light source 12 may include a laser, a light emitting diode, or the like. It is to be appreciated that the light source 12 may include any suitable light source usable in fibre optic communications.
The optical fibre 14 is typically a multi-mode optical fibre arranged in communication with the light source 12, as shown. A multi-mode fibre allows a plurality of light rays 16 to traverse through the fibre 14.
The lens arrangement 18 comprises at least one lens arranged at an end of the fibre 14 distal from the light source 12. In the embodiment shown, the lens arrangement 18 includes two lenses. The lenses 18 are configured to focus a speckle pattern 24 of the injected light rays 16 onto the image sensor 20.
The image sensor 20 is, in turn, configured to detect the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern 24 focused thereon by the lenses 18. The image sensor 20 generally includes an imaging pixel array having columns and rows allowing it to sense the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern 24. It is to be appreciated that the image sensor 20 is capable of sensing the spatial distribution, i.e. an area, of the light rays focused thereon. This allows for much more accurate sensing than using a single photodiode sensor, or the like.
The processor 22 is configured to interpret the detected spatial distribution, so that movement of the fibre 14 produces a particular speckle pattern 24 identifiable according to predetermined patterns, wherein a particular pattern is indicative of a specific occurrence.
These occurrences may include any event that produces movement or vibrations in the fibre 14. For example, the fibre 14 may be installed, in one embodiment of the invention, in a security fence. By pre-recording the speckle patterns 24 produced by certain occurrences, such as a person climbing the fence, bumping the fence, cutting a portion of the fence, or the like, the predetermined patterns can be established.
It is to be appreciated that slight movements of the fibre 14 will produce a particular speckle pattern 24. An example of such speckle patterns 24 is shown in Figure 2. Accordingly, by installing the fibre 14 proximate a particular area or object, it is possible to sense movements and/or vibrations of the object. For example, by installing the fibre 14 under a walkway, it is possible to sense when a person passes the walkway, or when a cart passes the walkway, or the like. By pre-configuring the speckle pattern 24 produced, it is possible to use neural networks or artificial intelligence algorithms to sense similar occurrences.
Using artificial intelligence, the processor 22 is able to recognize similar patterns and to classify these patterns as certain occurrences, i.e. a person climbing or bumping a fence, movement of a person or cart, or the like. As the speckle pattern includes a whole host of identifiable points per occurrence due to the pattern spread out over a surface of the image sensor 20, accurate readings are possible.
The processor 22 is typically configured to interpret the spatial distribution by executing a specific set of instructions. The specific set of instructions may include a neural network application, artificial intelligence applications, predictive software, and/or the like.
Although only certain embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be understood by any person skilled in the art that other modifications, variations, and possibilities of the invention are possible without departing from the broader spirit of the invention. Such modifications, variations and possibilities are therefore to be considered as falling within the spirit and scope of the invention and hence forming part of the invention as herein described and/or exemplified. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than in a restrictive sense.
The Inventors regard it as an advantage that the sensor arrangement enables the sensing of a particular occurrence due to artificial intelligence recognition of a particular spatial distribution of a projected speckle pattern. The Inventors regard it as a further advantage that the sensor enables accurate sensing due to the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern.

Claims

Claims
1. An optical fibre sensor arrangement including:- a light source configured to inject rays of light into an optical fibre, in use; a multi-mode optical fibre arranged in communication with the light source; at least one lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal from the light source, which lens is configured to focus a speckle pattern of the injected light rays onto an image sensor; an image sensor configured to detect a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern focused thereon by the lens; and a processor configured to interpret the detected spatial distribution, wherein movement of the fibre produces a particular speckle pattern identifiable according to predetermined patterns and wherein a particular pattern is indicative of a specific occurrence.
2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the light source is selected from the group including: a laser, a light emitting diode, and any other suitable light source usable in fibre optic communications.
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the image sensor includes an imaging pixel array having columns and rows allowing it to sense the spatial distribution of the speckle pattern.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein the image sensor is capable of sensing the spatial distribution of the light rays focused thereon to produce a speckle pattern.
5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to interpret the spatial distribution by executing a specific set of instructions.
6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific set of instructions is selected from the group including: a neural network application, artificial intelligence applications, and predictive software.
7. A method of determining a particular occurrence affecting an object taking place, the method including at least the steps of:- injecting two or more rays of light into a multi-mode optical fibre located on or close to the object; focusing the light rays onto an image sensor to produce a speckle pattern using a lens arranged at an end of the fibre distal the injection point of the light rays; detecting a spatial distribution of the speckle pattern using the image sensor; and interpreting the detected spatial distribution to determine whether a particular occurrence resulting in movement or vibration of the fibre has taken place.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein a particular speckle pattern is indicative of a particular occurrence.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8, wherein prior to use of the method, a series of occurrences resulting in movement or vibration of the fibre are carried out to determine the particular speckle pattern each occurrence produces to permit determination of such occurrences when using the method.
10. An optical fibre sensor arrangement according to the invention, as hereinbefore generally described.
11. An optical fibre sensor arrangement according to the invention substantially as hereinbefore described or exemplified.
12. An optical fibre sensor arrangement as specifically described with reference to or as illustrated in any one of the accompanying drawings.
13. An optical fibre sensor arrangement including any new and inventive integer or combination of integers, substantially as herein described.
PCT/ZA2008/000082 2007-09-30 2008-09-12 Optical fibre sensor arrangement WO2009046465A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200704458 2007-09-30
ZA2007/04458 2007-09-30

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WO2009046465A2 true WO2009046465A2 (en) 2009-04-09
WO2009046465A3 WO2009046465A3 (en) 2009-05-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2020095383A1 (en) * 2018-11-07 2021-09-30 日本電気株式会社 Monitoring systems, monitoring devices, monitoring methods, and programs

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109120827A (en) * 2018-10-08 2019-01-01 信利光电股份有限公司 A kind of camera module and photographic device

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4854706A (en) * 1987-07-27 1989-08-08 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Modal domain optical fiber sensors
US4863270A (en) * 1988-08-31 1989-09-05 Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. Multi-mode optical fiber sensor and method
WO2002077575A1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2002-10-03 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research A multi-fiber optic 2d-array device for sensing and localizing environment perturbation using speckle image processing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4854706A (en) * 1987-07-27 1989-08-08 Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. Modal domain optical fiber sensors
US4863270A (en) * 1988-08-31 1989-09-05 Simmonds Precision Products, Inc. Multi-mode optical fiber sensor and method
WO2002077575A1 (en) * 2001-03-27 2002-10-03 Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research A multi-fiber optic 2d-array device for sensing and localizing environment perturbation using speckle image processing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2020095383A1 (en) * 2018-11-07 2021-09-30 日本電気株式会社 Monitoring systems, monitoring devices, monitoring methods, and programs
US11763648B2 (en) 2018-11-07 2023-09-19 Nec Corporation Monitoring system, monitoring apparatus, monitoring method, and computer readable medium

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