WO2009045042A1 - Nanofibers comprising naturalplant extract or naturalplant essential oil and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Nanofibers comprising naturalplant extract or naturalplant essential oil and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009045042A1
WO2009045042A1 PCT/KR2008/005772 KR2008005772W WO2009045042A1 WO 2009045042 A1 WO2009045042 A1 WO 2009045042A1 KR 2008005772 W KR2008005772 W KR 2008005772W WO 2009045042 A1 WO2009045042 A1 WO 2009045042A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
essential oils
plant extracts
natural plant
component
combinations
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2008/005772
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Chan Kim
Woo-Yeon Yun
Sung-Chul Yang
Jae-Suk Yang
Original Assignee
Amosense Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Amosense Co., Ltd. filed Critical Amosense Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2009045042A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009045042A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
    • D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • D01F6/625—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/70—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to nanofibers comprising natural plant extracts or essential oils and a method for the production of the same.
  • Examples of the natural extracts or essential oils in wide use and which are the subjects of active research include cinnamons from Lauraceae plants, phytoncides from Cupressaceae, Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae plants, saponins and ginesnosides from the Araliaceae plants, catechins from the Theaceae plants, extracts from grapefruits of the Rutaceae plants, extracts from Tetragonia tetragonoides of the Aizoaceae plants, extracts from the mugworts of Asteraceae plants, and herbal extracts.
  • microcapsules with natural plant extracts or essential oils or perfumes contained therein are attached to fibers and are burst by friction during wearing of the clothing to give off a fragrance.
  • Applications of clothes with such microcapsules include stockings, cloth cleaners for glasses, etc.
  • fibers with natural plant extracts or essential oils have been studied only slightly.
  • melt spinning is considered as a method for preparing fibers containing natural plant extracts or essential oils.
  • polymers are generally melted at their melting point or higher, extruded through a nozzle at a temperature about 30 ⁇ 50°C higher than the melting point, extended and solidified into fine yarns.
  • Their spinning temperature is dependent on the melting point of the polymer and typically falls within the range of from 200 to 450 °C. At these temperatures, the natural plant extracts or essential oils may be highly apt to undergo evaporation, decomposition, degeneration or deformation, resulting in insufficient functional performance .
  • solution spinning in which a solvent suitable to dissolve the polymers is used, may be selected. That is, a solution of the polymer in a suitable solvent is extruded to yarns through a nozzle, followed by extension and solidification. Limitations are imparted to this solution spinning method because compatibility between the natural extracts or essential oils and the polymer solution, and spinning conditions which do not break the yarn are important parameters. Even if the spinning is performed successfully, the obtained fibers may be tens to hundreds of urn in diameter such that a lot of the natural extracts or essential oils is confined within the fibers and cannot exert the functions and performances thereof.
  • natural plant extracts or essential oils may be applied to textiles or cloth either directly (Korean Patent Nos . 10-0726409 and 10-0515808) or via microcapsules.
  • these methods are disadvantageous in that the natural extracts or essential oils cannot exert their characteristics sufficiently because they are likely to peel off the textiles or cloth due to friction, washing, exposure to light, etc., or are blocked by the binder.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a nanofiber with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, and a method for producing the same, such that i) the functional properties of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils are expressed in the nanofiber without loss even under process conditions of high temperature, ii) the nanofiber has a very large surface area such that a large amount of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is not confined within the fiber, but exposed to the outside of the fiber, thus exerting its useful effects at high efficiency, and iii) the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is uniformly distributed over and firmly bound to the surface of the nanofiber using a solution spinning method.
  • the present invention provides nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, prepared by electrospinning a solution comprising (a) at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and (b) at least one fiber polymer in (c) a solvent dissolving both (a) and (b) components.
  • the present invention provides a method for producing nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, comprising: (a) obtaining at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils from a plant selected from a group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Rosaceae, Arizoaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herbs, and combinations thereof using water or an organic solvent;
  • the nanofiber with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, and the method for producing the same in accordance with the present invention are characterized by: i) the functional properties of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils are expressed in the nanofiber without loss even under process conditions of high temperature, ii) the nanofiber has a very large surface area such that a large amount of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is not confined within the fiber, but is exposed to the outside of the fiber, thus exerting its useful effects at high efficiency, and iii) the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is uniformly distributed over and firmly bound to the surface of the nanofiber using a solution spinning method.
  • the nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils can find applications in various industries, including functional agriculture and fishery packaging, cloth for treating atopy, lining paper, cosmetic and makeup textures, medical patches, and functional health aids.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing processes of producing nanofibers comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils.
  • FIG. 2 is a photograph showing cinnamon powder obtained by pulverizing barks of Cinnamomum cassia Blume of the Lauraceae family.
  • FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microphotograph (SEM) showing PLA nanofibers, prepared in Example 2, with 5 parts by weight of cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) .
  • FIG. 4 is an SEM showing thermoplastic polyurethane
  • TPU (TPU) nanofibers, prepared in Example 4, with 5 parts by weight of phytoncides of cypress extracts per 100 parts by weight of TPU .
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph showing assay results of the anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the PLA nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of the cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of PLA, prepared in Example 2, the PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 1, and the silver-containing PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 2 [ (a) blank, (b) Comparative Example 1, (c) Comparative Example 2, (d) Example 2] .
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph showing assay results of the anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the PLA nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of the cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of PLA, prepared in Example 2, the PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 1, and the silver-containing PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 2 [ (a) blank, (b) Comparative Example 1, (c) Comparative Example 2, (d) Example 2] .
  • FIG. 5 is a photograph showing assay results of the anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the PLA nanofibers with 10 parts
  • FIG. 6 is a photograph showing assay results of the anti-bacterial activity of the nanofibers with phytoncide, prepared in Example 4 [ (a) blank, (b) nanofibers with 1 part by weight of phytoncide, (c) nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of phytoncide, (d) nanofibers with 20 parts by weight of phytoncide] .
  • the present invention pertains to a nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, prepared by electrospinning a solution comprising (a) at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and (b) at least one fiber polymer in (c) a solvent dissolving both (a) and (b) components .
  • the nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils may further comprise a compatibilizer.
  • At least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils may be obtained from a plant selected from the group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Arizoaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herb plants and a combination thereof. Particularly, stems, leaves, fruits and roots of these plants are useful materials from which the natural extracts or essential oils can be obtained.
  • the fiber polymer (b) may be a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting polymer, and/or a biocompatible polymer.
  • the fiber polymer useful in the present invention may be selected from a group consisting of polyurethane (PU) , polyacrylonitrile (PAN) , nylon (Nylon 6,
  • polylacticacid PLA
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PCL polycaprolactone
  • PLGA polylacticacid glycolide
  • PVdC polyvinylidene chloride
  • PVdC polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PVdF polyvinylalcohol
  • PEO polyethylene oxide
  • PS polystyrene
  • PVC polyvinylcarbazole
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidine
  • PE polyamide
  • PEB polybenzylimidazole
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PE polyester
  • the solvent (c) useful in the present invention is used to dissolve both the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils and the fiber polymer and may be selected from a group consisting of DCM (dichloromethane) , DMF (N, N- dimethylformamide) , DMA (dimethyl acetamide) , NMP (N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) , DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), THF
  • the at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) is preferably used in an amount from 0.01 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the at least one fiber polymer (b) , and more preferably in an amount from 5 to 30 parts by weight.
  • the amount of at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils is less than 0.01 parts by weight, its useful effects are difficult to exert.
  • the spin solution is of a viscosity and surface tension which are too large to effectively perform electrospinning.
  • the spin solution preferably ranges in viscosity from 50 to 50,000 CPS.
  • the solvent may be used in such an amount as to meet the viscosity requirement.
  • the spin solution has a viscosity less than 50 CPS, electrospinning is impossible. Also, a viscosity exceeding 50,000 CPS is too large to conduct electrospinning.
  • the compatibilizer which is for improving compatibility between the at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) and the at least one fiber polymer (a) or between the fiber polymers
  • it may be a typical one in the art and may be exemplified by poly (cis-1, 4-isoprene-b-l, 4-butadiene) , poly (styrene-b- ethylene) , ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) , natural rubber (NR) , butyl rubber (BR) , acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene (ABS) , styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) , chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) , acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene (ACS) , high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and polyurethane (PU) .
  • These compatibilizers may be used alone or in combination and
  • the spin solution which is for preparing the nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils may further comprise typical components useful for solution spinning, such as a viscosity controller, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a dispersant, etc.
  • the nanofiber in accordance with the present invention is less than 1 ⁇ m in diameter and preferably ranges from 10 to 800 nm when account is taken of surface area and uses.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for preparing nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, comprising:
  • the spin solution may further comprise a compatiblizer .
  • the at least one fiber polymer and its amount, the solvent dissolving both the at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and at least one fiber polymer and the amount thereof, and the viscosity of the spin solution have the same respective meanings as defined above.
  • the natural plant extracts or essential oils may be obtained using a typical technique such as evaporation extractsion, compression extractsion, solvent extractsion or supercritical extractsion. For example, 5 ⁇ 10 volumes of water or an organic solvent are poured onto the material and heated at an elevated pressure to exude effective ingredients; the solid residue was filtered off and the solution is concentrated by vacuum evaporation; and the water or organic solvent is further evaporated from the concentrate to afford an extracts in a solid form.
  • a typical technique such as evaporation extractsion, compression extractsion, solvent extractsion or supercritical extractsion.
  • 5 ⁇ 10 volumes of water or an organic solvent are poured onto the material and heated at an elevated pressure to exude effective ingredients; the solid residue was filtered off and the solution is concentrated by vacuum evaporation; and the water or organic solvent is further evaporated from the concentrate to afford an extracts in a solid form.
  • the spin solution may further comprise a component typically used for solution spinning, such as a viscosity controller, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a dispersant, etc. in addition to a compatibilizer.
  • a component typically used for solution spinning such as a viscosity controller, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a dispersant, etc. in addition to a compatibilizer.
  • the electrospinning of Step (c) may be conducted in a typical manner, for example, at a voltage of 5kV ⁇ 100 kV.
  • the solvent remaining in the nanofibers may be removed by vacuum drying.
  • the nanofibers prepared as a result of electrospinning may be in a non-woven form.
  • the post-process of Step (d) such as thermal fixation, ultrasonication, plasma treatment, corona discharge, calendaring process, etc. is preferably conducted within a temperature range from 50 to 200 0 C so as not to evaporate, decompose or degenerate the natural extracts or essential oils.
  • the method of the present invention is illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 1.
  • the nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils can find applications in various industries, including functional agriculture and fishery packaging, cloth for treating atopy, lining paper, cosmetic and makeup textures, medical patches, and functional health aids.
  • functional health aids refers to edible nanofibers.
  • Barks of Cinnamomum cassia Blume of the Lauraceae family were dried and pulverized into powder (FIG. 2) .
  • To 100 grams of the powder was added 1 L of ethanol, followed by extractsion at 60°C for 12 hours in an extractsion vessel equipped with a reflux condenser. After completion of the extractsion, the suspension was filtered through a porous filter by suction to remove the solid. Ethanol was recovered from the remaining solution using an evaporator to afford a soluble cinnamon extracts as a powder.
  • the cinnamon powder was mixed in an amount of 1, 5, 10 and 20 parts by weight with 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) and these mixtures were dissolved in a mixture of 7:3 (w/w) DCM (dichloromethane) : DMF
  • PLA nanofiber nonwoven fabrics with cinnamon extracts were observed under a scanning electron microscope and are shown in FIG. 3. As seen in SEM of FIG. 3, most of the PLA nanofibers were less than 1 urn in diameter and the average diameter was 500 nm.
  • the suspension was filtered under suction through a porous filter to remove the solid.
  • Methanol and DMF were recovered from the remaining solution using an evaporator and a drier to afford a soluble cypress extracts as a powder.
  • the cypress powder containing phytoncide, prepared in Example 3, was mixed in an amount of 1, 10 and 20 parts by weight with 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and these mixtures were dissolved in a mixture of 3:2 (w/w) DMF : THF in an amount yielding 15% solutions. After being stirred at 60°C for 12 hours, these solutions were electro-spun in the same manner as in Example 2 to afford polyurethane nanofiber non-woven fabrics with phytoncide of cinnamon extracts.
  • the TPU nanofibers with 5 parts by weight of the cypress extracts per 100 parts by weight of TPU were observed under a scanning electron microscope and are shown in FIG. 4. As seen in SEM of FIG. 4, most of the PLA nanofibers were less than 1 um in diameter and the average diameter was 500 run. It was observed that the diameter of the nanofibers is decreased according to increase of the content of the cypress extracts.
  • PLA was dissolved in a solvent mixture of 7:3 (w/w) DCM (dichloromethane) and DMF (dimethylformamide) in an amount yielding 15% solutions. These solutions were electro-spun in the same manner as in Example 2 to afford PLA nanofiber nonwoven fabrics .
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 PLA was dissolved in a solvent mixture of 7:3 (w/w) DCM (dichloromethane) and DMF (dimethylformamide) in an amount yielding 15% solutions to which AgNC> 3 was then added in an amount of 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of PLA.
  • the spin solutions thus obtained were electro-spun in the same manner as in Example 2 to afford silver-containing PLA nanofiber nonwoven fabrics .
  • the PLA nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of the cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of PLA, prepared in Example 2, the PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 1, and the silver-containing PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 2 were assayed for antibacterial activity according to KS K 0693-2006.
  • Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, a main cause of staphylococcal food poisoning, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, a cause of pneumonia were inoculated on 0.05% non-ionic surfactant (Snogen) and incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours. Results of this anti-bacterial assay are summarized in Table 1 and shown in FIG. 5.
  • the PLA nanofibers with cinnamon extracts in accordance with the present invention exhibited antibacterial activity as potent as that of the silver-containing PLA nanofibers .
  • the nanofibers with phytoncide, prepared in Example 4, were assayed for anti-bacterial activity according to KS K 0693-2006.
  • Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 a main cause of food poisoning, was inoculated on 0.05% non-ionic surfactant and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Results of this antibacterial assay are summarized in Table 2 and shown in FIG. 6.
  • Test Strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed are nanofibers comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, prepared by electrospinning a solution comprising (a) at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and (b) at least one fiber polymer in (c) a solvent dissolving both (a) and (b) components.

Description

[DESCRIPTION]
[invention Title]
NANOFIBERS COMPRISING NATURALPLANT EXTRACT OR NATURALPLANT ESSENTIAL OIL AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
[Technical Field]
The present invention relates to nanofibers comprising natural plant extracts or essential oils and a method for the production of the same.
[Background Art]
Exhibiting a tendency towards the pursuit of well- being or LOHAS (lifestyles of health and sustainability) lifestyles, social consciousness has increased towards environmental diseases such as sick building syndrome, atopy, allergy, etc., inducing various demands for harmless, environmentally friendly, and sanitary natural materials or extracts.
In order to optimally utilize natural materials or extracts to the utmost, their properties and functions must be realized and guaranteed using various techniques including atomization, nano-particularization, distribution and/or the composition of materials. Thanks to inherent flavors and anti-microbial, that is, anti-fungal, anti- bacterial, anti-viral, insecticidal and/or anti-cancer properties, natural extracts or essential oils now find a broad spectrum of applications in various fields, including packaging materials, natural microbicidal agents and/or insecticidal agents, materials for clothing, health-aid agents, etc.
Examples of the natural extracts or essential oils in wide use and which are the subjects of active research include cinnamons from Lauraceae plants, phytoncides from Cupressaceae, Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae plants, saponins and ginesnosides from the Araliaceae plants, catechins from the Theaceae plants, extracts from grapefruits of the Rutaceae plants, extracts from Tetragonia tetragonoides of the Aizoaceae plants, extracts from the mugworts of Asteraceae plants, and herbal extracts.
Results of such research may be found in Korean Pat Nos. 10-0646581 and 20-0372790 and Korean Pat. Laid-Open Publication Nos. 10-2005-0098548, 10-2006-026213, 10-2007- 0006295, 10-2007-0065927 and 10-2007-0006295, which disclose natural plant extracts or essential oils, or utilizations thereof.
In the fiber industry, functional fibers with antibacterial, deodorant and/or healing effects are being increasingly required. For example, microcapsules with natural plant extracts or essential oils or perfumes contained therein are attached to fibers and are burst by friction during wearing of the clothing to give off a fragrance. Applications of clothes with such microcapsules include stockings, cloth cleaners for glasses, etc. However, fibers with natural plant extracts or essential oils have been studied only slightly.
First, melt spinning is considered as a method for preparing fibers containing natural plant extracts or essential oils. In melt spinning, polymers are generally melted at their melting point or higher, extruded through a nozzle at a temperature about 30~50°C higher than the melting point, extended and solidified into fine yarns. Their spinning temperature is dependent on the melting point of the polymer and typically falls within the range of from 200 to 450 °C. At these temperatures, the natural plant extracts or essential oils may be highly apt to undergo evaporation, decomposition, degeneration or deformation, resulting in insufficient functional performance .
For thermally degenerated or decomposed polymers, solution spinning, in which a solvent suitable to dissolve the polymers is used, may be selected. That is, a solution of the polymer in a suitable solvent is extruded to yarns through a nozzle, followed by extension and solidification. Limitations are imparted to this solution spinning method because compatibility between the natural extracts or essential oils and the polymer solution, and spinning conditions which do not break the yarn are important parameters. Even if the spinning is performed successfully, the obtained fibers may be tens to hundreds of urn in diameter such that a lot of the natural extracts or essential oils is confined within the fibers and cannot exert the functions and performances thereof.
Alternatively, natural plant extracts or essential oils may be applied to textiles or cloth either directly (Korean Patent Nos . 10-0726409 and 10-0515808) or via microcapsules. However, these methods are disadvantageous in that the natural extracts or essential oils cannot exert their characteristics sufficiently because they are likely to peel off the textiles or cloth due to friction, washing, exposure to light, etc., or are blocked by the binder.
[Disclosure]
[Technical Problem]
Accordingly, the present invention has been made keeping in mind the above problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a nanofiber with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, and a method for producing the same, such that i) the functional properties of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils are expressed in the nanofiber without loss even under process conditions of high temperature, ii) the nanofiber has a very large surface area such that a large amount of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is not confined within the fiber, but exposed to the outside of the fiber, thus exerting its useful effects at high efficiency, and iii) the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is uniformly distributed over and firmly bound to the surface of the nanofiber using a solution spinning method.
[Technical Solution]
In accordance with an aspect thereof, the present invention provides nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, prepared by electrospinning a solution comprising (a) at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and (b) at least one fiber polymer in (c) a solvent dissolving both (a) and (b) components.
In accordance with another aspect thereof, the present invention provides a method for producing nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, comprising: (a) obtaining at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils from a plant selected from a group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Rosaceae, Arizoaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herbs, and combinations thereof using water or an organic solvent;
(b) dissolving at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils together with at least one fiber polymer in a solvent to give a spin solution; (c) electrospinning the spin solution through a nozzle in the presence of a high voltage to afford nano- yarns; and
(d) subjecting the nano-yarns to a post-process selected from among thermal fixation, ultrasonication, plasma treatment, corona discharging, calendaring, and combinations thereof.
[Advantageous Effects]
The nanofiber with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, and the method for producing the same in accordance with the present invention are characterized by: i) the functional properties of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils are expressed in the nanofiber without loss even under process conditions of high temperature, ii) the nanofiber has a very large surface area such that a large amount of the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is not confined within the fiber, but is exposed to the outside of the fiber, thus exerting its useful effects at high efficiency, and iii) the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils is uniformly distributed over and firmly bound to the surface of the nanofiber using a solution spinning method.
Exhibiting useful properties and functions including anti-bacterial activity, deodorization, maintenance of freshness, sterilization, preservation, fragrance, safety to the body, bacteria or virus impermeability, and being permeable to moisture and water-proofing, the nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils can find applications in various industries, including functional agriculture and fishery packaging, cloth for treating atopy, lining paper, cosmetic and makeup textures, medical patches, and functional health aids.
[Description of Drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing processes of producing nanofibers comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing cinnamon powder obtained by pulverizing barks of Cinnamomum cassia Blume of the Lauraceae family.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microphotograph (SEM) showing PLA nanofibers, prepared in Example 2, with 5 parts by weight of cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) .
FIG. 4 is an SEM showing thermoplastic polyurethane
(TPU) nanofibers, prepared in Example 4, with 5 parts by weight of phytoncides of cypress extracts per 100 parts by weight of TPU .
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing assay results of the anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of the PLA nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of the cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of PLA, prepared in Example 2, the PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 1, and the silver-containing PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 2 [ (a) blank, (b) Comparative Example 1, (c) Comparative Example 2, (d) Example 2] . FIG. 6 is a photograph showing assay results of the anti-bacterial activity of the nanofibers with phytoncide, prepared in Example 4 [ (a) blank, (b) nanofibers with 1 part by weight of phytoncide, (c) nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of phytoncide, (d) nanofibers with 20 parts by weight of phytoncide] .
[Best Mode]
The present invention pertains to a nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, prepared by electrospinning a solution comprising (a) at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and (b) at least one fiber polymer in (c) a solvent dissolving both (a) and (b) components .
Optionally, the nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils may further comprise a compatibilizer.
In the present invention, at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) may be obtained from a plant selected from the group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Arizoaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herb plants and a combination thereof. Particularly, stems, leaves, fruits and roots of these plants are useful materials from which the natural extracts or essential oils can be obtained.
The fiber polymer (b) may be a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting polymer, and/or a biocompatible polymer. For example, the fiber polymer useful in the present invention may be selected from a group consisting of polyurethane (PU) , polyacrylonitrile (PAN) , nylon (Nylon 6,
66) , polylacticacid (PLA) , polycarbonate (PC) , polycaprolactone (PCL) , polylacticacid glycolide (PLGA) , polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) , polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVdF), polyvinylalcohol (PVA), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polystyrene (PS), polyvinylcarbazole (PVC), polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) , polyamide, polybenzylimidazole (PBI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester (PE), and combinations thereof.
The solvent (c) useful in the present invention is used to dissolve both the natural plant extracts and/or essential oils and the fiber polymer and may be selected from a group consisting of DCM (dichloromethane) , DMF (N, N- dimethylformamide) , DMA (dimethyl acetamide) , NMP (N- methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) , DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), THF
(tetra-hydrofuran) , EC (ethylene carbonate) , DEC (diethyl carbonate) , DMC (dimethyl carbonate) , EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) , PC (propylene carbonate) , acetone, water, alcohols, and combinations thereof.
In the spin solution, the at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) is preferably used in an amount from 0.01 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the at least one fiber polymer (b) , and more preferably in an amount from 5 to 30 parts by weight. For example, if the amount of at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils is less than 0.01 parts by weight, its useful effects are difficult to exert. On the other hand, if the amount of at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils is over 50 parts by weight, the spin solution is of a viscosity and surface tension which are too large to effectively perform electrospinning.
The spin solution preferably ranges in viscosity from 50 to 50,000 CPS. Thus, the solvent may be used in such an amount as to meet the viscosity requirement. When the spin solution has a viscosity less than 50 CPS, electrospinning is impossible. Also, a viscosity exceeding 50,000 CPS is too large to conduct electrospinning. As for the compatibilizer which is for improving compatibility between the at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) and the at least one fiber polymer (a) or between the fiber polymers, it may be a typical one in the art and may be exemplified by poly (cis-1, 4-isoprene-b-l, 4-butadiene) , poly (styrene-b- ethylene) , ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer (EPDM) , natural rubber (NR) , butyl rubber (BR) , acrylonitrile- butadiene-styrene (ABS) , styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) , chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) , acrylonitrile-chlorinated polyethylene-styrene (ACS) , high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and polyurethane (PU) . These compatibilizers may be used alone or in combination and may be mixed in an amount from 1 to 10 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fiber polymer (b) .
If necessary, the spin solution which is for preparing the nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils may further comprise typical components useful for solution spinning, such as a viscosity controller, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a dispersant, etc.
As implicated in the name thereof, the nanofiber in accordance with the present invention is less than 1 μm in diameter and preferably ranges from 10 to 800 nm when account is taken of surface area and uses.
Also, the present invention pertains to a method for preparing nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, comprising:
(a) obtaining at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils from a plant selected from a group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Rosaceae, Arizoaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herbs, and combinations thereof using water or an organic solvent; (b) dissolving at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils together with at least one fiber polymer in a solvent to give a spin solution;
(c) electrospinning the spin solution through a nozzle in the presence of a high voltage to afford nano- yarns; and
(d) subjecting the nano-yarns to a post-process selected from among thermal fixation, ultrasonication, plasma treatment, corona discharging, calendaring, and combinations thereof. In Step (b) , if necessary, the spin solution may further comprise a compatiblizer .
In the method, the at least one fiber polymer and its amount, the solvent dissolving both the at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and at least one fiber polymer and the amount thereof, and the viscosity of the spin solution have the same respective meanings as defined above.
In Step (a) , the natural plant extracts or essential oils may be obtained using a typical technique such as evaporation extractsion, compression extractsion, solvent extractsion or supercritical extractsion. For example, 5~10 volumes of water or an organic solvent are poured onto the material and heated at an elevated pressure to exude effective ingredients; the solid residue was filtered off and the solution is concentrated by vacuum evaporation; and the water or organic solvent is further evaporated from the concentrate to afford an extracts in a solid form.
Useful in the present invention is an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, tetrahydrofuran, hexane, benzene, dichloromethane, acetic acid and combinations thereof. Water or the organic solvent is removed from the concentrate using a drier, a forced convection oven, an evaporator or a freeze drier, to afford an extracts in solid form. In Step (b) , the spin solution may further comprise a component typically used for solution spinning, such as a viscosity controller, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a dispersant, etc. in addition to a compatibilizer. These components are the same as described above .
The electrospinning of Step (c) may be conducted in a typical manner, for example, at a voltage of 5kV~100 kV. The solvent remaining in the nanofibers may be removed by vacuum drying. The nanofibers prepared as a result of electrospinning may be in a non-woven form. The post-process of Step (d) , such as thermal fixation, ultrasonication, plasma treatment, corona discharge, calendaring process, etc. is preferably conducted within a temperature range from 50 to 2000C so as not to evaporate, decompose or degenerate the natural extracts or essential oils. The method of the present invention is illustrated in the flow chart of FIG. 1.
Showing useful properties and functions including anti-bacterial activity, deodorization, maintenance of freshness, sterilization, preservation, giving off a fragrance, safety to the body, impermeability to bacteria or viruses, and being permeable to moisture and waterproofing, the nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils can find applications in various industries, including functional agriculture and fishery packaging, cloth for treating atopy, lining paper, cosmetic and makeup textures, medical patches, and functional health aids. As used herein, the term "functional health aids" refers to edible nanofibers.
[Mode for Invention] A better understanding of the present invention may be obtained through the following examples which are set forth to illustrate, but are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
Barks of Cinnamomum cassia Blume of the Lauraceae family were dried and pulverized into powder (FIG. 2) . To 100 grams of the powder was added 1 L of ethanol, followed by extractsion at 60°C for 12 hours in an extractsion vessel equipped with a reflux condenser. After completion of the extractsion, the suspension was filtered through a porous filter by suction to remove the solid. Ethanol was recovered from the remaining solution using an evaporator to afford a soluble cinnamon extracts as a powder.
EXAMPLE 2
The cinnamon powder was mixed in an amount of 1, 5, 10 and 20 parts by weight with 100 parts by weight of polylactic acid (PLA) and these mixtures were dissolved in a mixture of 7:3 (w/w) DCM (dichloromethane) : DMF
(dimethylformamide) in an amount yielding 15% solutions thereof. These solutions were electro-spun through spinnerets at an output of 0.1 ~ 1 cc/g per hole in the presence of a voltage of 50 kV with a distance of 30 cm between the spinneret and the current collector to afford polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber nonwoven fabrics with cinnamon extracts. The PLA nanofibers with 5 parts by weight of the cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of PLA were observed under a scanning electron microscope and are shown in FIG. 3. As seen in SEM of FIG. 3, most of the PLA nanofibers were less than 1 urn in diameter and the average diameter was 500 nm.
EXAMPLE 3
Leaves of Cypress in the Cupressaceae family were washed, dried, selected and sectioned into a length less than 1 mm. To 100 g of the sectioned cypress leaves was added 1 L of a mixture of 1:1 (w/w) methanol : DMF
(dimethylformamide), followed by extractsion at 40°C for 12 hours in an extractsor equipped with a reflux condenser.
After completion of the extractsion, the suspension was filtered under suction through a porous filter to remove the solid. Methanol and DMF were recovered from the remaining solution using an evaporator and a drier to afford a soluble cypress extracts as a powder.
EXAMPLE 4
The cypress powder containing phytoncide, prepared in Example 3, was mixed in an amount of 1, 10 and 20 parts by weight with 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and these mixtures were dissolved in a mixture of 3:2 (w/w) DMF : THF in an amount yielding 15% solutions. After being stirred at 60°C for 12 hours, these solutions were electro-spun in the same manner as in Example 2 to afford polyurethane nanofiber non-woven fabrics with phytoncide of cinnamon extracts. The TPU nanofibers with 5 parts by weight of the cypress extracts per 100 parts by weight of TPU were observed under a scanning electron microscope and are shown in FIG. 4. As seen in SEM of FIG. 4, most of the PLA nanofibers were less than 1 um in diameter and the average diameter was 500 run. It was observed that the diameter of the nanofibers is decreased according to increase of the content of the cypress extracts.
COdPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
PLA was dissolved in a solvent mixture of 7:3 (w/w) DCM (dichloromethane) and DMF (dimethylformamide) in an amount yielding 15% solutions. These solutions were electro-spun in the same manner as in Example 2 to afford PLA nanofiber nonwoven fabrics .
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 PLA was dissolved in a solvent mixture of 7:3 (w/w) DCM (dichloromethane) and DMF (dimethylformamide) in an amount yielding 15% solutions to which AgNC>3 was then added in an amount of 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of PLA. The spin solutions thus obtained were electro-spun in the same manner as in Example 2 to afford silver-containing PLA nanofiber nonwoven fabrics .
TEST EXAMPLE 1
The PLA nanofibers with 10 parts by weight of the cinnamon extracts per 100 parts by weight of PLA, prepared in Example 2, the PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 1, and the silver-containing PLA nanofibers of Comparative Example 2 were assayed for antibacterial activity according to KS K 0693-2006. For use as inocula in this assay, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, a main cause of staphylococcal food poisoning, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, a cause of pneumonia, were inoculated on 0.05% non-ionic surfactant (Snogen) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. Results of this anti-bacterial assay are summarized in Table 1 and shown in FIG. 5.
TABLE 1
Bacteria Blank C. Ex.l C .Ex. 2 Ex. 2
Staphylococcus Initial No. 2.5χlO4 2. 5χlO4 2 .5χlO4 2.5χ 104
Figure imgf000021_0001
Note) Standard Cloth: Cotton
As is apparent from the data of Table 1, the PLA nanofibers with cinnamon extracts in accordance with the present invention exhibited antibacterial activity as potent as that of the silver-containing PLA nanofibers .
TEST EXAMPLE 2
The nanofibers with phytoncide, prepared in Example 4, were assayed for anti-bacterial activity according to KS K 0693-2006. For use as an inoculum in this assay, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, a main cause of food poisoning, was inoculated on 0.05% non-ionic surfactant and incubated at 37° C for 24 hours. Results of this antibacterial assay are summarized in Table 2 and shown in FIG. 6.
TABLE 2
Blank Contents of Phytoncide (per 100 wt parts of TPU)
1 wt part 10 wt parts 20 wt parts Initial No. 2.2 x 104 2.2 X 104 2.2 x 104 2.2 x 104
After 18 h 8 .6 x 10b 1 .2 X 10' 2 .5 x 106 4 .0 x 10J
Decrease 0 70. 9 99. 9 Rate (%)
Note) Standard Cloth: Cotton
Test Strain: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538

Claims

[CLAIMS]
[Claim l]
A nanofiber comprising at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, prepared by electrospinning a solution comprising (a) at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and (b) at least one fiber polymer in (c) a solvent dissolving both (a) and (b) components.
[Claim 2]
The nanofiber according to claim 1, ranging in diameter from 10 nm to 800 nm.
[Claim 3]
The nanofiber according to claim 1, wherein at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) is obtained from a plant selected from a group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Rosaceae, Arizoaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herb plants and a combination thereof.
[Claim 4] The nanofiber according to claim 1, wherein the fiber polymer (b) is selected from a group consisting of a thermoplastic polymer, a thermosetting polymer, a biocompatible polymer and combinations thereof.
[Claim 5] The nanofiber according to claim 1, wherein the solvent (c) can dissolve both at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) and at least one fiber polymer (b) and is selected from a group consisting of DMA (dimethyl acetamide) , DMF (N, N- dimethylformamide) , NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone) , DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) , THF (tetra-hydrofuran) , EC (ethylene carbonate), DEC (diethyl carbonate), DMC (dimethyl carbonate) , EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) , PC (propylene carbonate) , acetone, water, alcohols and combinations thereof.
[Claim β]
The nanofiber according to claim 1, wherein at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils (a) is used in an amount from 0.01 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fiber polymer (b) .
[Claim 7]
The nanofiber according to claim 1, wherein the spin solution further comprises a compatibilizer . [Claim 8 ]
The nanofiber according to claim 1, being used in functional agriculture and fishery packaging, cloth for treating atopy, lining paper, cosmetic and makeup textures, medical patches, or functional health aids.
[Claim 9]
A method for preparing nanofibers with at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils, comprising:
(a) obtaining at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils from a plant selected from a group consisting of Lauraceae, Cupressaceae, Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae, Alaliaceae, Theaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Rutaceae, Rosaceae, Arizoaceae, Asteraceae, Paeoniaceae, herbs and combinations thereof using water or an organic solvent;
(b) dissolving at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils together with at least one fiber polymer in a solvent to give a spin solution;
(c) electrospinning the spin solution through a nozzle in the presence of a high voltage to afford nano- yarns; and
(d) subjecting the nano-yarns to a post-process selected from among thermal fixation, ultrasonication, plasma treatment, corona discharging, calendaring and combinations thereof .
[Claim 10]
The method according to claim 9, wherein the nanofibers range in diameter from 10 nm to 800 nm.
[Claim 11]
The method according to claim 9, wherein at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils is obtained using a technique selected from a group consisting of evaporation extractsion, compression extractsion, solvent extractsion, supercritical extractsion and combinations thereof.
[Claim 12]
The method according to claim 9, wherein the post- process selected from among thermal fixation, ultrasonication, plasma treatment, corona discharge, calendaring process and combinations thereof is conducted within a temperature range from 50 to 2000C.
[Claim 13]
The method according to claim 9, wherein the spin solution of Step (b) further comprises a compatibilizer.
[Claim 14] The method according to claim 9, wherein the fiber polymer is selected from a group consisting of polyurethane
(PU), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), nylon (Nylon 6, 66), polylacticacid (PLA) , polycarbonate (PC) , polycaprolactone (PCL) , polylacticacid glycolide (PLGA) , polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) , polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) , polyvinylalcohol (PVA) , polyethylene oxide (PEO) , polystyrene (PS) , polyvinylcarbazole (PVC) , polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP) , polyamide, polybenzylimidazole (PBI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester (PE) and combinations thereof.
[Claim 15] The method according to claim 9, wherein the solvent can dissolve both at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils and at least one fiber polymer and is selected from a group consisting of DMA (dimethyl acetamide) , DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) , NMP (N-methyl-2- pyrrolidinone) , DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), THF (tetra- hydrofuran) , EC (ethylene carbonate) , DEC (diethyl carbonate) , DMC (dimethyl carbonate) , EMC (ethyl methyl carbonate) , PC (propylene carbonate) , acetone, water, alcohols and combinations thereof.
[Claim 16]
The method according to claim 9, wherein at least one component of natural plant extracts and essential oils is used in an amount from 0.01 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the fiber polymer in the spin solution of Step (b) .
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