WO2009043331A1 - Device for controlling the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Device for controlling the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009043331A1
WO2009043331A1 PCT/DE2008/001595 DE2008001595W WO2009043331A1 WO 2009043331 A1 WO2009043331 A1 WO 2009043331A1 DE 2008001595 W DE2008001595 W DE 2008001595W WO 2009043331 A1 WO2009043331 A1 WO 2009043331A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinders
residual gas
exhaust
cams
exhaust camshaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/001595
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Andreas Knecht
Rudolf Flierl
Original Assignee
Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh
Entec Consulting Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh, Entec Consulting Gmbh filed Critical Hydraulik-Ring Gmbh
Priority to EP08835287A priority Critical patent/EP2209972A1/en
Priority to DE112008003352T priority patent/DE112008003352A5/en
Publication of WO2009043331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009043331A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0005—Deactivating valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0021—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio
    • F01L13/0026—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of rocker arm ratio by means of an eccentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0242—Variable control of the exhaust valves only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0261—Controlling the valve overlap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0047—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR]
    • F02D41/006—Controlling exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] using internal EGR
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/01—Internal exhaust gas recirculation, i.e. wherein the residual exhaust gases are trapped in the cylinder or pushed back from the intake or the exhaust manifold into the combustion chamber without the use of additional passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/0015—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque
    • F01L13/0063—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot
    • F01L2013/0068—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "BMW-Valvetronic" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2800/00—Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism
    • F01L2800/08—Timing or lift different for valves of different cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D13/02—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing during engine operation
    • F02D13/0253—Fully variable control of valve lift and timing using camless actuation systems such as hydraulic, pneumatic or electromagnetic actuators, e.g. solenoid valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D13/00—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing
    • F02D2013/005—Controlling the engine output power by varying inlet or exhaust valve operating characteristics, e.g. timing of throttleless spark ignited engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0002—Controlling intake air
    • F02D2041/001—Controlling intake air for engines with variable valve actuation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders with mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control and in particular a rigid valve train on the outlet side.
  • the residual gas content i. the amount of exhaust gas remaining in the individual cylinders is clearly controlled by the timing and valve lift on the exhaust side.
  • the amount of residual gas left in the cylinders after closing the change-over valves is different for small outlet spreads.
  • the amount of residual gas in the cylinder affects the ignition timing and the combustion in the cylinder. If the residual gas content of individual cylinders is too high, then these cylinders can not be ignited in terms of fuel consumption. The fuel consumption of such an internal combustion engine is then not optimal.
  • Firing sequence are shifted, for cylinders, which are operated with low charge or with a small valve lift, based on the charge too high amounts of residual gas. These cylinders can no longer or no longer optimally ignited.
  • a variable valve train of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a controller for cyclically synchronous and preferably cylinder-selective switching of spark ignition in a controlled auto-ignition and vice versa wherein a valve group of a cylinder has a plurality of inlet and outlet valves and an opening duration of the valve group the inlet and / or outlet valves are divided differently, so that in the valve group of the cylinder, a valve is normally controlled in a partial load and another valve is used in particular for an internal exhaust gas recirculation.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine with multiple cylinders with mechanically vollvariablem valve train and throttle-free load control, especially at small Auslasssp Dahl Institute and throttle-free load control the residual gas content of the individual cylinder To optimize internal combustion engine with multiple cylinders and thereby optimize fuel consumption.
  • the invention proposes a device in which an exhaust camshaft has an asymmetrical arrangement of cams, wherein the angle of rotation of the cams of individual special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft for adjusting the residual gas content is provided such variable that an exhaust spread at cylinders with too high Residual gas content is reduced or an outlet opening time of the individual cylinders is adjusted so that sets the same amount of residual gas in all cylinders.
  • an internal combustion engine with throttle-free load control is operated via the mechanically fully variable inlet valves, the optimum consumption is achieved with a small outlet spread and a short intake control time with a small valve lift and small spread.
  • the amount of residual gas that remains in the individual cylinders in such an internal combustion engine depends primarily on the exhaust valve spread and on the gas pressure ratio via the exhaust valve.
  • the Gasd Weglor are not the same depending on the firing order on all cylinders and thus obtained with the same Auslass Kunststoffgeberzeit different levels of residual gas contents in the individual cylinders.
  • the outlet spread is increased until an equal residual content in all cylinders is established.
  • An advantageous variant is that the outlet opening time of the individual Cylinder is adjusted so that sets the same amount of residual gas in all cylinders.
  • the exhaust valves of the individual cylinders are generally controlled with the same actuators and the same cam contours of the cams.
  • the cams of the exhaust camshafts are provided by a firing interval corresponding to the firing order by the same or a multiple amount of the firing interval against each other rotatable.
  • the angle of rotation of the cams of special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft to adjust the residual gas content is changed.
  • the exhaust valves are equipped with different actuators.
  • the valve lifts and the opening times of the exhaust valves are variably provided. It is advantageously provided that the exhaust camshaft has a cam arrangement in which the cams of the individual cylinders are not rotated by the same angle, or that the cam contours of the cams of the exhaust camshaft of the individual cylinders are different.
  • the opening times of the cam of the exhaust camshaft are different, or that the valve strokes of the exhaust valves are different but the opening times are the same.
  • individual cylinders or groups of cylinders may be completely decommissioned by keeping the intake and exhaust valves of these cylinders closed while opening the valves of the active cylinder or cylinder groups.
  • Such internal combustion engines can be operated on the inlet side with a mechanically fully variable valve train in which the valves of individual cylinder groups are opened differently and the load of the internal combustion engine over the valve lift or the opening time is set.
  • the exhaust valves are usually equipped with a switching valve drive, which switches the valves of the deactivated cylinder to a valve lift zero, while the exhaust valves of the active cylinder are fully opened. All cylinders are equipped with the same changeover levers, the same actuators and the same valves, valve springs, etc.
  • the bearing diameter of the exhaust camshaft are provided differently and that in a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine with two exhaust cams, in particular a cam has a shortened control time with reduced valve lift.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for controlling the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine in an overall view
  • 2 shows an exhaust camshaft as a single part
  • 3 is a diagram showing the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control and cylinders with higher residual gas content.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the timing and the valve strokes of the exhaust valves 1 and 2 on a cylinder
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders with mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control and a mechanically rigid valve drive on the outlet side, consisting of a
  • Exhaust camshaft 1 which according to Figure 2 has an asymmetrical arrangement of cam 2
  • the cams 2 of individual special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft 1 for adjusting the residual gas content have different cam structures 3 and are provided so rotatable that, as shown in Figure 3, at a Internal combustion engine with throttle-free load control and mechanically fully variable valve train for actuating the intake valves, an outlet spread 5 is reduced in cylinders with excessive residual gas content, or an outlet opening time 7 for individual cylinders is adjusted so that sets the same amount of residual gas in all cylinders.
  • the outlet spread 5 is increased if the residual gas content of a cylinder for this cylinder is too high, in order thus to reduce the residual gas content.
  • an internal combustion engine with throttle-free load control operated by mechanically fully variable intake valves so is an optimal consumption at a small outlet spread 5 and a short intake timing 8 with small Valve lift and small spread achieved.
  • the diagram shown in Figure 3 shows the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control for intake and exhaust valves with the exhaust and inlet spreads 4,5,6, with a larger outlet spread 5 for cylinders with higher residual gas content occurs.
  • the amount of residual gas remaining in the individual cylinders in such an internal combustion engine depends primarily on the exhaust spread and on the gas pressure ratio via the exhaust valve.
  • the Gasd Weglor are not the same depending on the ignition sequence on all cylinders and thus occur at the same Auslass Kunststoffzeit 8 different levels of residual gas contents.
  • the outlet spread 4 is increased so far until an equally large residual content is established in all cylinders.
  • the exhaust valve spread is increased until an equal residual content in all cylinders is established.
  • Figure 4 shows a diagram illustrating the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control and cylinders with higher residual gas content.
  • the effect of the same residual gas content in all cylinders can also be achieved by adjusting the outlet opening time 7 of the individual cylinders so that the same amount of residual gas is established in all cylinders.
  • individual cylinders or groups of cylinders may be completely decommissioned by keeping the intake and exhaust valves of these cylinders closed while opening the valves of the active cylinder or cylinder groups.
  • Such internal combustion engines can be operated on the inlet side with a mechanically fully variable valve train in which the valves of individual cylinder groups are opened differently and the load of the internal combustion engine over the valve lift or the opening time of a cylinder group is set.
  • the exhaust valves are usually equipped with a switching valve drive, which switches the valves of the deactivated cylinder to a valve lift zero, while the exhaust valves of the active cylinder are fully opened. All cylinders are equipped with the same switching levers, the same actuators, the same valves, valve springs, etc. It is also only the cylinders whose exhaust valves are switched to be equipped with levers and the exhaust valves of the cylinders that are not switched off or switched, with non-reversible levers. According to FIG. 1, these cylinders can be equipped with different actuating elements, such as, for example, roller drag levers, valves or valve springs, or with cams with individual cam contours and different cam base circles. FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows the valve lifts of two exhaust valves on a cylinder. These elevations are achieved, for example, by different contours of the cams 2 and 3 in FIG. By these different survey curves once the residual gas amount of individual cylinder is affected, but at the same time a twist is imposed on the cylinder inner flow, which increases the Restgasver Wegkeit. This allows greater Auslasssp Rudungen be driven and the charge cycle work or fuel consumption can be reduced.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment, but is variable in the design of the actuators of the cams.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control, and particularly a mechanically rigid valve train on the exhaust side, wherein an exhaust camshaft (1) has an asymmetrical arrangement of cams (2), wherein the cams (2) of individual special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft (1) have different cam structures (3) in order to adjust the residual gas content and are provided rotatably such that an exhaust spread (5) is reduced for cylinders having too high a residual gas content, or that an exhaust opening time of the individual cylinders can be adjusted such that the same quantity of residual gas is obtained in all cylinders.

Description

Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von Zylindern einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine Device for controlling the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von einzelnen Zylindern einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit mehreren Zylindern mit mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb und drosselfreier Laststeuerung sowie insbesondere einem starren Ventiltrieb auf der Auslassseite.The invention relates to a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders with mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control and in particular a rigid valve train on the outlet side.
Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern mit mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb und drosselfreier Laststeuerung und mechanisch starrem Ventiltrieb auf der Auslassseite wird der Restgasgehalt, d.h. die Menge an Abgas, die in den einzelnen Zylindern verbleibt, deutlich durch die Steuerzeit und den Ventilhub auf der Auslassseite gesteuert. Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern, z.B. V8-Zylindermotoren, ist die Menge an Restgas, die in den Zylindern nach dem Schließen der Ladungswechselventile verbleibt, bei kleinen Auslassspreizungen unterschiedlich hoch. Die Restgasmenge in dem Zylinder beeinflusst den Zündzeitpunkt und die Verbrennung im Zylinder. Ist der Restgasgehalt einzelner Zylinder zu hoch, so können diese Zylinder nicht verbrauchsoptimal gezündet werden. Der Kraftstoffverbrauch einer solchen Verbrennungskraftmaschine ist dann nicht optimal. Wird eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit unsymmetrischer Ladung betrieben, indem beispielsweise bei einem 4-Zylindermotor zwei Zylinder mit hohem Einlassventilhub und zwei Zylinder mit kleinem Einlassventilhub gefahren werden, stellt sich, wenn alle vier Zylinder mit gleichem Auslassventilhub und gleicher Auslasssteuerzeit betrieben werden, die entsprechend derIn multi-cylinder internal combustion engines with mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control and mechanically rigid valve train on the exhaust side, the residual gas content, i. the amount of exhaust gas remaining in the individual cylinders is clearly controlled by the timing and valve lift on the exhaust side. In multi-cylinder internal combustion engines, e.g. V8 Cylinder Engines, the amount of residual gas left in the cylinders after closing the change-over valves is different for small outlet spreads. The amount of residual gas in the cylinder affects the ignition timing and the combustion in the cylinder. If the residual gas content of individual cylinders is too high, then these cylinders can not be ignited in terms of fuel consumption. The fuel consumption of such an internal combustion engine is then not optimal. If an internal combustion engine is operated with unsymmetrical charge, for example by running two cylinders with a high inlet valve lift and two cylinders with a small intake valve lift in a 4-cylinder engine, if all four cylinders are operated with the same exhaust valve lift and the same outlet control time, the corresponding
>%.£ Zündfolge verschoben sind, bei Zylindern, die mit niedriger Ladung bzw. mit kleinem Ventilhub betrieben werden, bezogen auf die Ladung eine zu hohe Restgasmengen ein. Diese Zylinder können nicht mehr oder nicht mehr optimal gezündet werden.> £%. Firing sequence are shifted, for cylinders, which are operated with low charge or with a small valve lift, based on the charge too high amounts of residual gas. These cylinders can no longer or no longer optimally ignited.
Aus der DE 10 2005 031 241 Al ist ein variabler Ventiltrieb einer Kolbenbrennkraftmaschine mit einer Steuerung zur zyklussynchronen und vorzugsweise zylinderselektiven Umschaltung von Fremdzündung in eine kontrollierte Selbstzündung und umgekehrt bekannt, wobei eine Ventilgruppe eines Zylinders mehrere Ein- und Auslassventile aufweist und eine Öffnungsdauer der Ventilgruppe auf die Ein- und/oder Auslassventile verschieden aufgeteilt ist, so dass bei der Ventilgruppe des Zylinders ein Ventil in einer Teillast normal gesteuert wird und ein anderes Ventil insbesondere zu einer inneren Abgasrückführung genutzt wird. In der DE 43 00 337 C2 wird ein Verfahren für Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschinen mit interner Restgasrückführung in Abhängigkeit von Betriebspunkt und Betriebszustand, insbesondere bei Ottomotoren mit drosselfreier Laststeuerung über die Einlass-Schließ-Steuerzeit bei nahezu unveränderter Ventilüberschneidung beschrieben, indem der Restgasanteil am Frischgemisch durch die gezielte Steuerung der Druckdifferenz zwischen Ein- und Auslasskanal eingestellt wird.From DE 10 2005 031 241 Al a variable valve train of a reciprocating internal combustion engine with a controller for cyclically synchronous and preferably cylinder-selective switching of spark ignition in a controlled auto-ignition and vice versa known, wherein a valve group of a cylinder has a plurality of inlet and outlet valves and an opening duration of the valve group the inlet and / or outlet valves are divided differently, so that in the valve group of the cylinder, a valve is normally controlled in a partial load and another valve is used in particular for an internal exhaust gas recirculation. In DE 43 00 337 C2 a method for reciprocating internal combustion engines with internal residual gas recirculation as a function of operating point and operating condition, especially in gasoline engines with throttle-free load control on the inlet-closing control time with virtually unchanged valve overlap described by the residual gas content of the fresh mixture through the targeted control of the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet channel is set.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von einzelnen Zylindern einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit mehreren Zylindern mit mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb und drosselfreier Laststeuerung zu schaffen, um insbesondere bei kleinen Auslassspreizungen und drosselfreier Laststeuerung den Restgasgehalt der einzelnen Zylinder einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit mehreren Zylindern zu optimieren und dadurch den Kraftstoffverbrauch zu optimieren.The invention has for its object to provide a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine with multiple cylinders with mechanically vollvariablem valve train and throttle-free load control, especially at small Auslassspreizungen and throttle-free load control the residual gas content of the individual cylinder To optimize internal combustion engine with multiple cylinders and thereby optimize fuel consumption.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung eine Einrichtung vor, bei der eine Auslassnockenwelle eine unsymmetrische Anordnung von Nocken aufweist, wobei der Verdrehwinkel der Nocken einzelner spezieller Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle zur Anpassung des Restgasgehaltes derart veränderbar vorgesehen ist, dass eine Auslassspreizung bei Zylindern mit zu hohem Restgasgehalt verkleinert oder eine Auslassöffnungszeit der einzelnen Zylinder so angepasst wird, dass sich die gleiche Menge an Restgas in allen Zylindern einstellt.To solve this problem, the invention proposes a device in which an exhaust camshaft has an asymmetrical arrangement of cams, wherein the angle of rotation of the cams of individual special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft for adjusting the residual gas content is provided such variable that an exhaust spread at cylinders with too high Residual gas content is reduced or an outlet opening time of the individual cylinders is adjusted so that sets the same amount of residual gas in all cylinders.
Wird eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit drosselfreier Laststeuerung über die mechanisch vollvariablen Einlassventile betrieben, so wird der optimale Verbrauch bei einer kleinen Auslassspreizung und einer kurzen Einlasssteuerzeit mit kleinem Ventilhub und kleiner Spreizung erreicht. Die Menge an Restgas, die bei einer solchen Verbrennungskraftmaschine in den einzelnen Zylindern verbleibt, ist in erster Linie von der Auslassventilspreizung und von dem Gasdruckverhältnis über das Auslassventil abhängig. Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern, beispielsweise bei V8-Motoren, sind die Gasdrückverhältnisse je nach Zündfolge nicht an allen Zylindern gleich und damit erhält man bei gleicher Auslasssteuerzeit unterschiedlich hohe Restgasgehalte in den einzelnen Zylindern. Bei Zylindern mit kleineren Abgasmengen im Zylinder wird dabei die Auslassspreizung so weit vergrößert, bis sich ein gleichgroßer Restgehalt in allen Zylindern einstellt. Eine vorteilhafte Variante besteht darin, dass die Auslassöffnungszeit der einzelnen Zylinder so angepasst wird, dass sich die gleiche Menge an Restgas in allen Zylindern einstellt.If an internal combustion engine with throttle-free load control is operated via the mechanically fully variable inlet valves, the optimum consumption is achieved with a small outlet spread and a short intake control time with a small valve lift and small spread. The amount of residual gas that remains in the individual cylinders in such an internal combustion engine depends primarily on the exhaust valve spread and on the gas pressure ratio via the exhaust valve. In internal combustion engines with multiple cylinders, for example, in V8 engines, the Gasdrückverhältnisse are not the same depending on the firing order on all cylinders and thus obtained with the same Auslasssteuerzeit different levels of residual gas contents in the individual cylinders. For cylinders with smaller amounts of exhaust gas in the cylinder, the outlet spread is increased until an equal residual content in all cylinders is established. An advantageous variant is that the outlet opening time of the individual Cylinder is adjusted so that sets the same amount of residual gas in all cylinders.
Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern werden im allgemeinen die Auslassventile der einzelnen Zylinder mit gleichen Betätigungselementen und gleichen Nockenkonturen der Nocken gesteuert. Die Nocken der Auslassnockenwellen sind dabei um einen Zündabstand entsprechend der Zündfolge um gleiche bzw. einen vielfachen Betrag des Zündabstandes gegeneinander verdrehbar vorgesehen. Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb zur drosselfreien Laststeuerung wird der Verdrehwinkel der Nocken spezieller Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle zur Anpassung des Restgasgehaltes verändert. Bei teilweiser oder vollständiger Zylinderabschaltung einzelner Zylinder oder Zylindergruppen werden die Auslassventile mit unterschiedlichen Betätigungselementen ausgerüstet .In internal combustion engines having a plurality of cylinders, the exhaust valves of the individual cylinders are generally controlled with the same actuators and the same cam contours of the cams. The cams of the exhaust camshafts are provided by a firing interval corresponding to the firing order by the same or a multiple amount of the firing interval against each other rotatable. In internal combustion engines with mechanically fully variable valve train for throttle-free load control, the angle of rotation of the cams of special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft to adjust the residual gas content is changed. In the case of partial or complete cylinder deactivation of individual cylinders or cylinder groups, the exhaust valves are equipped with different actuators.
Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung, bei der die Nocken der Auslassnockenwelle der Zylinder sowohl unterschiedliche Nockenkonturen aufweisen, als auch unterschiedlich zueinander angeordnet sind, sind die Ventilhübe und die Öffnungszeiten der Auslassventile variierbar vorgesehen. Vorteilhaft ist vorgesehen, dass die Auslassnockenwelle eine Nockenanordnung aufweist, bei der die Nocken der einzelnen Zylinder nicht um den gleichen Winkel verdreht sind, oder dass die Nockenkonturen der Nocken der Auslassnockenwelle der einzelnen Zylinder unterschiedlich sind.The device according to the invention, in which the cams of the exhaust camshaft of the cylinders both have different cam contours, and are arranged differently from one another, the valve lifts and the opening times of the exhaust valves are variably provided. It is advantageously provided that the exhaust camshaft has a cam arrangement in which the cams of the individual cylinders are not rotated by the same angle, or that the cam contours of the cams of the exhaust camshaft of the individual cylinders are different.
Es ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Öffnungszeiten der Nocken der Auslassnockenwelle unterschiedlich sind, oder dass die Ventilhübe der Auslassventile unterschiedlich aber die Öffnungszeiten gleich sind.It is preferably provided that the opening times of the cam of the exhaust camshaft are different, or that the valve strokes of the exhaust valves are different but the opening times are the same.
Vorteilhaft ist weiterhin vorgesehen, dass nur einzelne Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle einen mechanisch vollvariablen Ventiltrieb aufweisen und andere Zylinder mit einem nichtvariablen Ventiltrieb ausgerüstet sind.Advantageously, it is further provided that only individual cylinders on the exhaust camshaft have a mechanically fully variable valve train and other cylinders are equipped with a non-variable valve train.
Alternativ ist vorgesehen, dass nur einzelne Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle einen mechanisch schaltbaren Ventiltrieb aufweisen und andere Zylinder mit einem nichtvariablen Ventiltrieb ausgerüstet sind.Alternatively, it is provided that only individual cylinders on the exhaust camshaft have a mechanically switchable valve train and other cylinders are equipped with a non-variable valve train.
Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern können einzelne Zylinder oder Zylindergruppen vollständig stillgelegt werden, indem die Einlass- und Auslassventile dieser Zylinder geschlossen bleiben, während die Ventile der aktiven Zylinder- oder Zylindergruppen geöffnet werden. Solche Verbrennungskraftmaschinen können auf der Einlassseite mit einem mechanisch vollvariablen Ventiltrieb betrieben werden, bei denen die Ventile von einzelnen Zylindergruppen unterschiedlich geöffnet werden und die Last der Verbrennungskraftmaschine über den Ventilhub oder die Öffnungszeit eingestellt wird. Die Auslassventile werden dabei in der Regel mit einem Umschaltventiltrieb ausgerüstet, der die Ventile der deaktivierten Zylinder auf einen Ventilhub null schaltet, während die Auslassventile der aktiven Zylinder voll geöffnet werden. Dabei sind alle Zylinder mit gleichen Umschalthebeln, gleichen Betätigungselementen und gleichen Ventilen, Ventilfedern usw. ausgerüstet. Es ist auch vorgesehen, nur die Zylinder, deren Auslassventile geschaltet werden, mit Schalthebeln auszurüsten und die Auslassventile der Zylinder, die nicht ab- oder umgeschaltet werden, mit nichtschaltbaren Hebeln. Diese Zylinder können mit unterschiedlichen Betätigungselementen, wie z.B. Rollenschlepphebeln, Ventilen, Ventilfedern oder mit Nocken mit individuellen Nockenkonturen und unterschiedlichen Nockengrundkreisen ausgerüstet sein.In multi-cylinder engines, individual cylinders or groups of cylinders may be completely decommissioned by keeping the intake and exhaust valves of these cylinders closed while opening the valves of the active cylinder or cylinder groups. Such internal combustion engines can be operated on the inlet side with a mechanically fully variable valve train in which the valves of individual cylinder groups are opened differently and the load of the internal combustion engine over the valve lift or the opening time is set. The exhaust valves are usually equipped with a switching valve drive, which switches the valves of the deactivated cylinder to a valve lift zero, while the exhaust valves of the active cylinder are fully opened. All cylinders are equipped with the same changeover levers, the same actuators and the same valves, valve springs, etc. It is also envisaged to equip only the cylinders whose exhaust valves are switched with shift levers and the exhaust valves of the cylinders which are not switched off or reversed with non-reversible levers. These cylinders can be equipped with different actuators, such as roller cam followers, valves, valve springs or with cam with individual cam contours and different cam base circuits.
Es ist in einer weiteren Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Lagerdurchmesser der Auslassnockenwelle unterschiedlich vorgesehen sind und dass bei einer 4- Zylinderverbrennungsmaschine mit zwei Auslassnocken insbesondere ein Nocken eine verkürzte Steuerzeit mit reduziertem Ventilhub aufweist.It is provided in a further embodiment that the bearing diameter of the exhaust camshaft are provided differently and that in a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine with two exhaust cams, in particular a cam has a shortened control time with reduced valve lift.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines schematisch in Zeichnungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment schematically illustrated in drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1 eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von Zylindern einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine in Gesamtansicht;1 shows a device for controlling the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine in an overall view;
Fig. 2 eine Auslassnockenwelle als Einzelteil; Fig. 3 ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Steuerzeiten und Ventilhübe bei drosselfreier Laststeuerung;2 shows an exhaust camshaft as a single part; 3 is a diagram showing the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control.
Fig. 4 ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Steuerzeiten und Ventilhübe bei drosselfreier Laststeuerung und Zylindern mit höherem Restgasgehalt. Fig. 5 ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Steuerzeiten und der Ventilhübe der Auslassventile 1 und 2 an einem ZylinderFig. 4 is a diagram showing the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control and cylinders with higher residual gas content. Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the timing and the valve strokes of the exhaust valves 1 and 2 on a cylinder
Figur 1 zeigt eine Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von einzelnen Zylinder einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit mehreren Zylindern mit mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb und drosselfreier Laststeuerung sowie einem mechanisch starren Ventiltrieb auf der Auslassseite, bestehend aus einerFIG. 1 shows a device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders with mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control and a mechanically rigid valve drive on the outlet side, consisting of a
Auslassnockenwelle 1, die gemäß Figur 2 eine unsymmetrische Anordnung von Nocken 2 aufweist, wobei die Nocken 2 einzelner spezieller Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle 1 zur Anpassung des Restgasgehaltes unterschiedliche Nockenstrukturen 3 aufweisen und so verdrehbar vorgesehen sind, dass, wie in Figur 3 dargestellt, bei einem Verbrennungsmotor mit drosselfreier Laststeuerung und mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb zur Betätigung der Einlassventile eine Auslassspreizung 5 bei Zylindern mit zu hohem Restgasgehalt verkleinert wird, oder eine Auslassöffnungszeit 7 für einzelne Zylinder so angepasst wird, dass sich die gleiche Menge an Restgas in allen Zylindern einstellt.Exhaust camshaft 1, which according to Figure 2 has an asymmetrical arrangement of cam 2, the cams 2 of individual special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft 1 for adjusting the residual gas content have different cam structures 3 and are provided so rotatable that, as shown in Figure 3, at a Internal combustion engine with throttle-free load control and mechanically fully variable valve train for actuating the intake valves, an outlet spread 5 is reduced in cylinders with excessive residual gas content, or an outlet opening time 7 for individual cylinders is adjusted so that sets the same amount of residual gas in all cylinders.
Zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von Zylindern einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird die Auslassspreizung 5 bei zu hohem Restgasgehalt eines Zylinders für diesen Zylinder vergrößert, um somit den Restgasgehalt zu reduzieren. Wird ein Verbrennungsmotor mit drosselfreier Laststeuerung über mechanisch vollvariable Einlassventile betrieben, so wird ein optimaler Verbrauch bei einer kleinen Auslassspreizung 5 und einer kurzen Einlasssteuerzeit 8 mit kleinem Ventilhub und kleiner Spreizung erreicht. Das in Figur 3 dargestellten Diagramm zeigt die Steuerzeiten und Ventilhübe bei drosselfreier Laststeuerung für Ein- und Auslassventile mit den Auslass- und Einlassspreizungen 4,5,6, wobei eine größere Auslassspreizung 5 für Zylinder mit höherem Restgasgehalt auftritt. Die Menge an Restgas, die bei einer solchen Verbrennungskraftmaschine in den einzelnen Zylindern verbleibt, ist in erster Linie von der Auslassspreizung und von dem Gasdruckverhältnis über das Auslassventil abhängig. Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern, beispielsweise bei V8-Motoren, sind die Gasdrückverhältnisse je nach Zündfolge nicht an allen Zylindern gleich und damit treten bei gleicher Auslasssteuerzeit 8 unterschiedlich hohe Restgasgehalte auf. Bei Zylindern mit kleineren Abgasmengen im Zylinder wird dabei die Auslassspreizung 4 so weit vergrößert, bis sich ein gleichgroßer Restgehalt in allen Zylindern einstellt. Bei Zylindern mit größeren Abgasmengen im Zylinder wird dagegen die Auslassventilspreizung so weit vergrößert, bis sich ein gleichgroßer Restgehalt in allen Zylindern einstellt.In order to control the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the outlet spread 5 is increased if the residual gas content of a cylinder for this cylinder is too high, in order thus to reduce the residual gas content. If an internal combustion engine with throttle-free load control operated by mechanically fully variable intake valves, so is an optimal consumption at a small outlet spread 5 and a short intake timing 8 with small Valve lift and small spread achieved. The diagram shown in Figure 3 shows the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control for intake and exhaust valves with the exhaust and inlet spreads 4,5,6, with a larger outlet spread 5 for cylinders with higher residual gas content occurs. The amount of residual gas remaining in the individual cylinders in such an internal combustion engine depends primarily on the exhaust spread and on the gas pressure ratio via the exhaust valve. In internal combustion engines with multiple cylinders, for example, in V8 engines, the Gasdrückverhältnisse are not the same depending on the ignition sequence on all cylinders and thus occur at the same Auslasssteuerzeit 8 different levels of residual gas contents. For cylinders with smaller amounts of exhaust gas in the cylinder, the outlet spread 4 is increased so far until an equally large residual content is established in all cylinders. For cylinders with larger amounts of exhaust gas in the cylinder, however, the exhaust valve spread is increased until an equal residual content in all cylinders is established.
Figur 4 zeigt ein Diagramm zur Darstellung der Steuerzeiten und Ventilhübe bei drosselfreier Laststeuerung und Zylindern mit höherem Restgasgehalt. Der Effekt des gleichgroßen Restgasgehaltes in allen Zylindern kann auch dadurch erreicht werden, indem die Auslassöffnungszeit 7 der einzelnen Zylinder so angepasst wird, dass sich die gleiche Menge an Restgas in allen Zylindern einstellt. Bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen mit mehreren Zylindern können einzelne Zylinder oder Zylindergruppen vollständig stillgelegt werden, indem die Einlass- und Auslassventile dieser Zylinder geschlossen bleiben, während die Ventile der aktiven Zylinder- oder Zylindergruppen geöffnet werden. Solche Verbrennungskraftmaschinen können auf der Einlassseite mit einem mechanisch vollvariablen Ventiltrieb betrieben werden, bei denen die Ventile von einzelnen Zylindergruppen unterschiedlich geöffnet werden und die Last der Verbrennungskraftmaschine über den Ventilhub oder die Öffnungszeit einer Zylindergruppe eingestellt wird. Die Auslassventile werden dabei in der Regel mit einem Umschaltventiltrieb ausgerüstet, der die Ventile der deaktivierten Zylinder auf einen Ventilhub null schaltet, während die Auslassventile der aktiven Zylinder voll geöffnet werden. Dabei sind alle Zylinder mit gleichen Umschalthebeln, gleichen Betätigungselementen, gleichen Ventilen, Ventilfedern usw. ausgerüstet. Es können auch nur die Zylinder, deren Auslassventile geschaltet werden, mit Schalthebeln ausgerüstet werden und die Auslassventile der Zylinder, die nicht ab oder umgeschaltet werden, mit nichtschaltbaren Hebeln. Diese Zylinder können entsprechend Figur 1 mitunterschiedlichen Betätigungselementen, wie z.B. Rollenschlepphebeln, Ventilen oder Ventilfedern oder mit Nocken mit individuellen Nockenkonturen und unterschiedlichen Nockengrundkreisen ausgerüstet sein. In Figur 5 sind die Ventilerhebungen von 2 Auslassventilen an einem Zylinder dargestellt. Diese Erhebungen werden z.B. durch unterschiedliche Konturen der Nocken 2 und 3 in Figur 2 erreicht. Durch diese unterschiedlichen Erhebungskurven wird einmal die Restgasmenge einzelner Zylinder beeinflusst, gleichzeitig wird aber auch der Zylinderinnenströmung ein Drall aufgeprägt, der die Restgasverträglichkeit erhöht. Damit können größere Auslassspreizungen gefahren werden und die Ladungswechselarbeit bzw. der Kraftstoffverbrauch reduziert werden. Die Erfindung beschränkt sich nicht auf das Ausführungsbeispiel, sondern ist in der Gestaltung der Betätigungselemente der Nocken variabel. Figure 4 shows a diagram illustrating the timing and valve lifts at throttle-free load control and cylinders with higher residual gas content. The effect of the same residual gas content in all cylinders can also be achieved by adjusting the outlet opening time 7 of the individual cylinders so that the same amount of residual gas is established in all cylinders. In multi-cylinder engines, individual cylinders or groups of cylinders may be completely decommissioned by keeping the intake and exhaust valves of these cylinders closed while opening the valves of the active cylinder or cylinder groups. Such internal combustion engines can be operated on the inlet side with a mechanically fully variable valve train in which the valves of individual cylinder groups are opened differently and the load of the internal combustion engine over the valve lift or the opening time of a cylinder group is set. The exhaust valves are usually equipped with a switching valve drive, which switches the valves of the deactivated cylinder to a valve lift zero, while the exhaust valves of the active cylinder are fully opened. All cylinders are equipped with the same switching levers, the same actuators, the same valves, valve springs, etc. It is also only the cylinders whose exhaust valves are switched to be equipped with levers and the exhaust valves of the cylinders that are not switched off or switched, with non-reversible levers. According to FIG. 1, these cylinders can be equipped with different actuating elements, such as, for example, roller drag levers, valves or valve springs, or with cams with individual cam contours and different cam base circles. FIG. 5 shows the valve lifts of two exhaust valves on a cylinder. These elevations are achieved, for example, by different contours of the cams 2 and 3 in FIG. By these different survey curves once the residual gas amount of individual cylinder is affected, but at the same time a twist is imposed on the cylinder inner flow, which increases the Restgasverträglichkeit. This allows greater Auslassspreizungen be driven and the charge cycle work or fuel consumption can be reduced. The invention is not limited to the embodiment, but is variable in the design of the actuators of the cams.
Be zugs zeichenlisteRefer to the list of signs
1 Auslassnockenwelle1 exhaust camshaft
2 Nocken2 cams
3 Nockenkontur3 cam contour
4 Auslassspreizung4 outlet spread
5 Auslassspreizung für Zylinder mit hohem Restgasgehalt5 Exhaust spread for cylinders with high residual gas content
6 Einlassspreizung6 inlet spread
7 Auslassöffnungszeit für Zylinder mit hohem Restgasgehalt7 Outlet opening time for cylinders with high residual gas content
8 Auslasssteuerzeit für Zylinder mit hohem Restgasgehalt8 Exhaust timing for cylinders with high residual gas content
9 Ventilerhebung des Auslassventils 1 an einem Zylinder9 valve lift of the exhaust valve 1 on a cylinder
10 Ventilerhebung des Auslassventils 2 an einem Zylinder 10 valve lift of the exhaust valve 2 on a cylinder

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Einrichtung zur Steuerung des Restgasgehaltes von einzelnen Zylinder einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine mit mehreren Zylindern mit mechanisch vollvariablem Ventiltrieb und drosselfreier Laststeuerung sowie insbesondere einem mechanisch starren Ventiltrieb auf der Auslassseite, dadurch gekennzeichnet: , dass eine Auslassnockenwelle (1) eine unsymmetrische Anordnung von Nocken (2) aufweist, wobei die Nocken (2) einzelner spezieller Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle (1) zur Anpassung des Restgasgehaltes unterschiedliche Nockenstrukturen (3) aufweisen und derart verdrehbar vorgesehen sind, dass eine Auslassspreizung (5) bei Zylindern mit zu hohem Restgasgehalt verkleinert wird, oder dass eine Auslassöffnungszeit der einzelnen Zylinder so anpassbar ist, dass sich die gleiche Menge an Restgas in allen Zylindern einstellt.1. A device for controlling the residual gas content of individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders with mechanically fully variable valve train and throttle-free load control and in particular a mechanically rigid valve train on the outlet side, characterized in that an exhaust camshaft (1) is an asymmetrical arrangement of cams (2) wherein the cams (2) of individual special cylinders on the exhaust camshaft (1) for adjusting the residual gas content have different cam structures (3) and are provided rotatable so that an outlet spread (5) is reduced in cylinders with excessive residual gas content, or An outlet opening time of the individual cylinders is adaptable so that the same amount of residual gas is established in all cylinders.
2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nocken (2) der Auslassnockenwelle (1) sowohl unterschiedliche Konturen (3) aufweisen, als auch in unterschiedlichen Verdrehwinkeln zueinander vorgesehen sind, wobei die Nocken (2) entsprechend einer Zündfolge um einen gleichen oder einen vielfachen Betrag eines Zündabstandes gegeneinander verdrehbar sind, und wobei die Ventilhübe und Auslassöffnungszeiten (7) variierbar vorgesehen sind. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cams (2) of the exhaust camshaft (1) both have different contours (3), and are provided at different angles of rotation to each other, wherein the cams (2) according to a firing order by a same or a multiple amount of a firing interval are rotated against each other, and wherein the valve lifts and Auslaßöffnungszeiten (7) are variably provided.
3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslassnockenwelle (1) eine Nockenanordnung aufweist, bei der die Nocken (2) der einzelnen Zylinder um unterschiedliche Winkel verdrehbar vorgesehen sind.3. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the exhaust camshaft (1) has a cam arrangement in which the cams (2) of the individual cylinders are provided rotatable by different angles.
4. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nockenkonturen (3) der Nocken (2) der Auslassnockenwelle (1) der einzelnen Zylinder unterschiedlich ausgebildet sind.4. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the cam contours (3) of the cams (2) of the exhaust camshaft (1) of the individual cylinders are formed differently.
5. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnungszeiten der Nocken (2) der Auslassnockenwelle (1) unterschiedlich sind.5. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the opening times of the cams (2) of the exhaust camshaft (1) are different.
6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ventilhübe der Auslassventile unterschiedlich aber die Auslassöffnungszeiten (7) gleich sind.6. Device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the valve strokes of the exhaust valves are different but the Auslassöffnungszeiten (7) are the same.
7. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur einzelne Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle (1) einen mechanisch vollvariablen Ventiltrieb aufweisen und andere Zylinder mit einem nicht variablen Ventiltrieb vorgesehen sind.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that only individual cylinders on the exhaust camshaft (1) have a mechanically fully variable valve train and other cylinders are provided with a non-variable valve train.
8. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nur einzelne Zylinder auf der Auslassnockenwelle (1) einen mechanisch schaltbaren Ventiltrieb aufweisen und andere Zylinder mit einem nichtvariablen Ventiltrieb vorgesehen sind.8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized that only individual cylinders on the exhaust camshaft (1) have a mechanically switchable valve train and other cylinders are provided with a non-variable valve train.
9. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerdurchmesser der Auslassnockenwelle (1) unterschiedlich vorgesehen sind.9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bearing diameter of the exhaust camshaft (1) are provided differently.
10. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer 4-Zylinderverbrennungsmaschine mit zwei Auslassnocken (2) insbesondere eine Nocke (2) eine verkürzte Steuerzeit mit reduziertem Ventilhub aufweist . 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in a 4-cylinder combustion engine with two exhaust cam (2) in particular a cam (2) has a shortened control time with reduced valve lift.
PCT/DE2008/001595 2007-10-04 2008-10-02 Device for controlling the residual gas content of cylinders of an internal combustion engine WO2009043331A1 (en)

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US9784142B2 (en) 2013-06-25 2017-10-10 Pierburg Gmbh Spring arrangement for a variable valve drive of an internal combustion engine
DE102022104658A1 (en) 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Functional test of a throttle-free load control

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