WO2009040599A1 - Procédé pour faire fondre du verre dans un four de fusion du verre à oxy-combustible - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fondre du verre dans un four de fusion du verre à oxy-combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009040599A1
WO2009040599A1 PCT/IB2007/003102 IB2007003102W WO2009040599A1 WO 2009040599 A1 WO2009040599 A1 WO 2009040599A1 IB 2007003102 W IB2007003102 W IB 2007003102W WO 2009040599 A1 WO2009040599 A1 WO 2009040599A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
air
furnace
mixture
burners
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/003102
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michel Angel OLIN NUÑEZ
Roberto Cabrera Llanos
Iván Jorge SOLIS MARTINEZ
Rafael Valadez Castillo
Original Assignee
Vitro Global, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vitro Global, S.A. filed Critical Vitro Global, S.A.
Priority to PCT/IB2007/003102 priority Critical patent/WO2009040599A1/fr
Publication of WO2009040599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009040599A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
    • C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
    • C03B5/235—Heating the glass
    • C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K3/02—Pneumatic feeding arrangements, i.e. by air blast
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/007—Supplying oxygen or oxygen-enriched air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99004—Combustion process using petroleum coke or any other fuel with a very low content in volatile matters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to a method for melting glass and, more specifically to a method for melting glass in a glass melting furnace using oxygen and pulverized fuel.
  • Unit melter furnaces have been used to melt glass (by means of gas fuel). These furnaces have several burners along the sides of the furnace, and the whole unit looks like a closed box where there is a chimney that can be placed either in the beginning of the feeder (upstream) or at the very end of the furnace, (downstream).
  • the heat in the flue gases is around 62 percent of the heat input for a natural gas fired furnace.
  • each regenerator has a lower chamber, a refractory structure above the lower chamber and an upper chamber above the structure.
  • Each regenerator has a respective port connecting the respective upper chamber with a melting and refining chamber of the furnace.
  • the main purpose of these regenerative chambers is to increase the amount of heat recovered from hot flue gases in order to heat up the incoming combustion air after the firing cycle change, that is taking place every 20 or 30 minutes for this type of furnaces.
  • recuperative furnace Another type of furnace similar to the regenerative type that takes advantage from the flue gases and recovers the heat using a recuperator device is the recuperative furnace. It is well known that, to operate a typical recuperative glass melting furnace, a plurality of burners using different fuels (gas-air, oxy-gas, liquid fuels-air, liquid fuels-oxygen) are disposed side-by-side.
  • the furnace heated by recuperative means consists on the preheating of the combustion air through the recuperators which are made mainly of special steel or ceramics as the double shell or the tubes bundle type.
  • the typical burner for this kind of furnace uses an inlet specially designed in order to have the same distribution for the combustion air surrounding the burner nozzles.
  • the melting and refining chamber is fed with glass making materials at one end thereof at which is located a doghouse and has a molten distributor disposed at the other end thereof.
  • the burners to produce the heat released by the fuel such as natural gas, liquid petroleum, heavy and light fuel oil or other gaseous or liquid fuels which are suitable for use in the glass melting furnace and thereby supply heat for melting and refining the glass making materials in the chamber.
  • the melting and refining chamber is fed with glass making materials at one end thereof at which is located a doghouse and has a molten distributor disposed at the other end thereof, which comprises a series of ports through which molten glass may be removed from the melting and refining chamber.
  • the burners may be mounted in a number of possible configurations, for example in the case of regenerative furnaces: a through-port configuration, a side-port configuration or an under-port configuration.
  • Fuel e.g. natural gas
  • Fuel is fed from the burner into the incoming stream of pre-heated air coming from each regenerator during the firing cycle, and the resultant flame and products of combustion produced in that flame extend across the surface of the melting glass, and transfer heat to that glass in the melting and refining chamber.
  • the regenerators in a regenerative type furnace are cycled alternately between combustion air and exhaust heat cycles. Every 20 minutes, or 30 minutes, depending on the specific furnaces, the path of the flame is reversed.
  • the objective of each regenerator is to store the exhausted heat, which allows a greater efficiency and a higher flame temperature that could otherwise be the case with cold air.
  • the burners operates continuously in both sides of the furnace sending the flue gases directly to the recuperator for the air preheating, this means that this kind of furnace does not cycle alternately between combustion air and exhaust heat cycles.
  • the preheated air by the recuperators increase the efficiency of the furnace without storing the heat in a chamber made by breaks as in the regenerative type furnace, the recuperators instead, release the heat to the combustion air reaching lower temperatures and saving less energy as compared for example with a regenerative furnace.
  • the amount of hot flue gas supplied to the regenerator beds is controlled by continuously venting a portion of the total furnace flue gas so as to bypass the regenerators, and the regenerator beds are purged of residual oxygen by recycled cooled flue gas which is then supplied to the furnace before the regenerator beds are heated by the flue gas.
  • Other example of the use oxygen-fuel for the glass melting is described in the US patent 5954498 of Joshi which is related to a method and apparatus for introducing an oxidizing oxygen-fuel combustion in air- fuel fired furnaces to reduce NOx emissions and improve thermal efficiency without any substantial detrimental effect on furnace life or product quality.
  • the US patent 6519973 of Hoke is related to a process and furnace for melting glass wherein the majority of the combustion energy over the melting zone of the furnace is provided by oxy-fuel combustion while a majority of the combustion energy over the fining zone of the furnace is provided by air-fuel combustion.
  • the present invention is related to the use of a solid fuel coming from the petroleum residuals of distillation towers, such as petroleum coke, in order to be used for glass production in an environmentally clean way.
  • Petroleum solid fuels have already been used in cement and steam power generation industries. According to the Pace Consultants Inc. the use of petroleum coke in years 1999 for cement and power generation were between 40% and 14% respectively.
  • the burning of petroleum coke is used as a direct fire system, in which the atmosphere produced by the combustion of the fuel is in direct contact with the product.
  • a rotary kiln is needed in order to provide a thermal profiled require by the product.
  • a shell of molten cement is always formed avoiding the direct contact of the combustion gases and flames with the refractories of the kiln, avoiding attack thereof.
  • the calcined product (cement) absorbs the combustion gases, avoiding the erosive and abrasive effects of vanadium, SO3 and NOx in the rotary kiln.
  • the U.S. Pat. No. 6,789,396 issued to Miguel Angel Olin-Nunez et al, on Sep 14, 2004, describes a method of producing commercial glass in a glass melting furnace using the combustion of pulverized fuel as a heating source for melting raw materials for producing glass.
  • This invention uses a mix of pulverized fuel with a first flow of air or gas for producing a pulverized fuel-air or gas mixture to be supplied to a plurality of burners in a glass melting region of the glass melting furnace and also, uses simultaneously a second flow of air or gas together with the pulverized fuel-air or gas mixture in each of said burners to provide a combustion flame with high thermal efficiency to carry out a controlled heating for melting the commercial glass.
  • a pollution control system is adapted in a waste gas outlet of the glass melting furnace for reducing and controlling the air pollution to the atmosphere.
  • the use of petroleum coke and oxygen reduces the NOx emissions as well as, the concentration de Na2 ⁇ due to a less temperature of the flame produced during the combustion of petroleum coke compared to natural gas for instance.
  • Another advantage of using petroleum coke is that the flame generated by the combustion of petroleum coke is such of higher luminosity thus creating a higher heat transfer to glass as compared to the flame produce during the combustion of natural gas.
  • Natural gas-oxygen flames are of low luminosity creating a much higher environment and temperature inside the furnace and also having lesser heat transfer to molten glass as compared with the flames produced with petroleum coke and oxygen. As a result the amount of thermal NOx produced with petroleum coke and oxygen is much lower than the amount produced by natural gas-oxygen flames
  • the present invention is related to a method for melting glass using petroleum coke and oxygen for carrying out the combustion process in order to produce a commercial glass in an environmentally clean way, reducing the risk of damage in the refractories of the glass furnace and reducing the emissions of contaminant in the atmosphere.
  • a first objective of the present invention is to provide a method for melting glass for supplying a pulverized fuel-oxygen mixture to each of a plurality of burners in a glass melting region of a glass melting furnace, for a continuous operation of that said burners.
  • An additional objective of the present invention is to provide a method for melting glass which produces an optimal mixture between the pulverized fuel-oxygen mixture, reducing the NOx gases
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plant view of a prior art glass melting furnace which utilizes an oxygen-pulverized fuel combustion process.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the system for feeding and burning a pulverized fuel to be used with the prior art glass melting furnace;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the system for feeding and burning a pulverized fuel in accordance with the present invention.
  • the figure 1 illustrates a schematic view of a oxi-fuel glass melting furnace 10 which includes an elongated glass tank having a back end wall 12 and a front end wall 14, sidewalls 16, 18, a floor (not shown) and a roof (not shown) all made from appropriate refractory materials such as alumina, silica, alumina-silica, and the like.
  • the back end wall 12 of the melting furnace 10 including a dog house DH through which glass making materials are fed by means of a batch charger BCH.
  • the furnace comprises chimneys 20, 22 in both sides of the furnace 10 for the exhaust gases. At least one pair of the opposing burners 24, 24A, 26, 26A, 28, 28A and 30, 3OA, are positioned in a side-by-side relation in the sidewalls 20, 22 over the unmelted glass batch, for melting the glass.
  • a fuel feeding system FFS is shown in accordance with the present invention.
  • pulverized petroleum coke is received in a single feeder 32.
  • Each feeder 32 includes a silo or tank 34.
  • the single feeder 32 comprising a conical section 36 for discharging a constant flow of the pulverized coke toward each one of the burners 24, 26, 28, 30 or 24A, 26A, 28A and 3OA, as will be described later.
  • the pulverized material is stored in the feeder 32 and it is discharged in a continuous form through an air lock rotary vaive 38 attached to the lower section of the conical section 36 for continuously discharge the pulverized material toward a main pipe 40.
  • An air blower 44 is associated with the air lock rotary valve 38 and the main pipe 40 to convey the pulverized material that is being provided from the feeder 32 through of the main pipe 40.
  • the main pipe 40 is connected respectively to a first plurality of pipes 42, 44, 46 and 48, for feeding the supply of an air-fuel mixture toward each of the burners 24, 26, 28 and 30.
  • Each first plurality of pipes 42, 44, 46 and 48 includes return pipes 50, 52, 54 and 56, for returning back in an individual way the pulverized coke toward the silo or tank 34.
  • the feeder 32 will supply a pulverized air-fuel mixture in one side of the glass meting furnace 10, which will be connected to a plurality of burners 24, 26, 28 and 30.
  • the feeder 32 will feed the required amount of pulverized fuel to all the burners 24, 26, 28 and 30. So, in case that any burner be changed (i. e by maintenance, fuel change, etc.), the flow of the air/ pet coke mixture will be maintained in a constant way, returning back the air/ pet coke mixture by means of the corresponding return pipes 50, 52, 54 and 56 toward the silo or tank 34.
  • This operation condition permits that the feeding of the pulverized fuel does not affect the other burners that are being maintained in operation.
  • the fuel feeding system is automatically rechargeable, when a level of pulverized fuel is reached, and there is not necessity of interrupt the feeding of the fuel in each of the burners.
  • the feeding of pulverized fuel can feed continuously to each one of the burners, for example, for the case of recuperative furnaces.
  • a similar arrangement of pipes can be carried out.
  • the fuel feeding system can be charged during the alternate operation cycle.
  • the behavior of the opposite side of the furnace is of similar manner, however the fuel feeding system has the capacity of delay, advance or uniform in the feeding time in accordance with the operation requirements of the furnace
  • the embodiment of the figure 1 shows a similar arrangement of fuel feeding system FFS, which is located in the side 22 of the furnace 10.
  • the burners 24A, 26A, 28A and 3OA are placed in the opposite side 22 of the furnace 10, but maintaining a front separation region with respect to the burners 24, 26, 28 and 30, to avoid that the flames of each burner to collide one with the other, when all the burners are in operation over both sides of the furnace.
  • the burners can be placed on the roof of the furnace (not shown), to produce a flame on the surface of the glass.
  • the figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the system for feeding the pulverized fuel in accordance with the present invention.
  • an individual fuel feeding system FFS1, FFS2, FFS3 and FFS4 is placed by each burner 24, 26, 28 and 30.
  • each fuel feeding system FFS1 , FFS2, FFS3 and FFS4 includes a feeder 32A, and a silo or tank 34A.
  • Each feeder 32A comprising a conical section 36A for discharging a constant flow of the pulverized coke toward one of the burners, for example burner 30.
  • the pulverized material is stored in each feeder 32A and it is discharged in a continuous form through an air lock rotary valve 38A attached to the lower section of the conical section 36A for continuously discharge the pulverized material toward a main pipe 42A.
  • An air blower 44A is associated with the air lock rotary valve 36A and the main pipe 42A to convey the pulverized material that is being provided from the feeder 32A through of the main pipe 42A.
  • the main pipe 42A is directly connected to the burner 30 to the supply of the air-fuel mixture toward the burner 30.
  • the main pipe 42A including a return pipe 52A 1 for returning back the air/ pet coke mixture by means of the corresponding return pipes 52A,toward the silo or tank 34A.
  • each feeder can be rechargeable in accordance with the process necessities.
  • each burner 24, 26, 28 and 30 as well as burner 24A, 24B, 24C and 24D are fed individually with the oxygen and air-fuel mixture.
  • a type of burner that could be used with the present application is that described in the US Patent No. 6789396 of Olin.
  • the oxygen and air-petroleum coke mixture is supplied at the exit end of the burner; the flow of air-pulverized fuel can be supplied • in a first chamber of the burner and the flow of oxygen can be supplied in a second chamber of the burner.
  • the oxygen and air/coke mixture will coincide in an exit end of the burner to carry out the combustion process.
  • the flow of oxygen and the air/pulverized fuel can be fed independently to each burner and the flame is formed within the furnace.
  • an elongated flame is formed over the raw materials in the melting zone of the furnace with a high luminosity, reducing the NOx emissions as well as, increasing the concentration de Na2O due to a less temperature of the flame.
  • the method for melting glass using a pulverized fuel comprises, a) feeding a controlled flow of a mixture of pulverized fuel and air or gas under pressure from at least a feeding means; b) discharging the mixture of pulverized fuel and air or gas from the feeding means toward at least one distribution means; c) regulating in a controlled manner the pulverized fuel-air or gas mixture from the distribution means to each of a plurality of burners in a glass melting region of the glass melting furnace; d) supplying simultaneously a flow of oxygen together with the pulverized fuel-air or gas mixture to each of said burners whereby a combustion cycle is carried out in the glass melting furnace; and, e) burning simultaneously said pulverized fuel-air or gas mixture and said flow of oxygen by means of said burners in the glass melting region of said glass melting furnace for providing a combustion flame with high thermal efficiency to carry out a controlled heating for melting the glass.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Glass Melting And Manufacturing (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour faire fondre du verre dans un four de fusion du verre à l'aide d'oxygène et d'un combustible pulvérisé tel que le coke de pétrole. Un mélange de combustible pulvérisé et d'air est introduit sous pression par au moins un moyen d'alimentation. Le mélange de combustible pulvérisé et d'air est évacué du moyen d'alimentation vers au moins un moyen de distribution. Le mélange est distribué de manière régulée du moyen de distribution vers chacun d'une pluralité de brûleurs situés dans une région de fusion de verre dudit four. Un courant d'oxygène est fourni simultanément, conjointement avec le mélange combustible pulvérisé-air à chacun desdits brûleurs, ce par quoi un cycle de combustion est effectué dans le four de fusion du verre. Finalement, le mélange combustible pulvérisé-air et le courant d'oxygène sont brûlés simultanément au moyen desdits brûleurs dans la région de fusion de verre dudit four, ce qui permet d'obtenir une flamme de combustion à haut rendement thermique pour effectuer un chauffage régulé destiné à faire fondre le verre.
PCT/IB2007/003102 2007-09-26 2007-09-26 Procédé pour faire fondre du verre dans un four de fusion du verre à oxy-combustible WO2009040599A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2007/003102 WO2009040599A1 (fr) 2007-09-26 2007-09-26 Procédé pour faire fondre du verre dans un four de fusion du verre à oxy-combustible

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2007/003102 WO2009040599A1 (fr) 2007-09-26 2007-09-26 Procédé pour faire fondre du verre dans un four de fusion du verre à oxy-combustible

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103663928A (zh) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-26 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 石油焦粉燃烧方法
CN103727557A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-16 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 石油焦粉燃烧控制系统
CN106116109A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-11-16 巨石集团有限公司 一种玻璃池窑及玻璃熔制的方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0306184A1 (fr) * 1987-08-29 1989-03-08 The BOC Group plc Brûleur
WO2004008027A2 (fr) * 2002-07-11 2004-01-22 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion avec flux selectif d'oxygene
WO2004065849A1 (fr) * 2003-01-21 2004-08-05 L'air Liquide - Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et appareil d'enrichissement de l'oxygene dans les gaz de transport de combustible
US20060150677A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-13 Hisashi Kobayashi Reducing corrosion and particulate emission in glassmelting furnaces

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0306184A1 (fr) * 1987-08-29 1989-03-08 The BOC Group plc Brûleur
WO2004008027A2 (fr) * 2002-07-11 2004-01-22 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion avec flux selectif d'oxygene
WO2004065849A1 (fr) * 2003-01-21 2004-08-05 L'air Liquide - Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procede et appareil d'enrichissement de l'oxygene dans les gaz de transport de combustible
US20060150677A1 (en) * 2005-01-12 2006-07-13 Hisashi Kobayashi Reducing corrosion and particulate emission in glassmelting furnaces

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103663928A (zh) * 2013-12-06 2014-03-26 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 石油焦粉燃烧方法
CN103727557A (zh) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-16 无锡顺鼎阿泰克科技有限公司 石油焦粉燃烧控制系统
CN106116109A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-11-16 巨石集团有限公司 一种玻璃池窑及玻璃熔制的方法
WO2017219384A1 (fr) * 2016-06-22 2017-12-28 巨石集团有限公司 Four à bassin pour verre et procédé de fusion du verre

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