WO2009037367A1 - Codage d'image dans des systèmes optiques faisant intervenir la coma - Google Patents

Codage d'image dans des systèmes optiques faisant intervenir la coma Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009037367A1
WO2009037367A1 PCT/ES2007/070161 ES2007070161W WO2009037367A1 WO 2009037367 A1 WO2009037367 A1 WO 2009037367A1 ES 2007070161 W ES2007070161 W ES 2007070161W WO 2009037367 A1 WO2009037367 A1 WO 2009037367A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image
optical system
optical
lens
offset
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2007/070161
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Marta C. De La Fuente
Juan Manuel LÁZARO
José Manuel INFANTE HERRERO
Original Assignee
Indra Sistemas, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Indra Sistemas, S.A. filed Critical Indra Sistemas, S.A.
Priority to PCT/ES2007/070161 priority Critical patent/WO2009037367A1/fr
Publication of WO2009037367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009037367A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
    • G02B27/0068—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration having means for controlling the degree of correction, e.g. using phase modulators, movable elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/0075—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an optical system for encoding an image by means of the generation of aberration inherent in said optical system.
  • the comma refers to the aberration inherent to certain optical systems due to some design defects or imperfections in the lenses or other components, which results in pointless off-axis sources that may appear distorted
  • Aberrations in optical systems generally lead to degradation of the image, occurring when the light coming from a point of an object does not converge towards (or does not diverge from) a single point after it has been transmitted through the system.
  • the players need to correct the optical systems to compensate for these aberrations.
  • the comma is defined as a variation in the increase on the entrance pupil.
  • the coma may depend on the wavelength.
  • the comma is an inherent property of certain optical systems comprising mirrors in which the light of a point source in the center of the field is perfectly focused on the focal point of the mirror (not as in spherical mirrors, where the light of the parts outside the mirror focus closer to it than the parts coming from the center, a fact known as spherical aberration).
  • the different parts of the mirror do not reflect the light towards the same point. This results in a point of light that is not centered, appearing wedge-shaped. The more displacement of the center of the axis, the more noticeable this effect is.
  • the problem that arises is to design an opto-mechanical element that is capable of acting on the wavefront so that said front is coded to, as explained below, make the system insensitive to intrinsic aberrations or defects of the Image produced by blurring.
  • ATHEY 1995 combine to solve the above problem an optical system whose pupil has been modified by inserting phase sheets therein to obtain an intermediate image (encoded by the induced wavefront deformation), with a digital post-processing of said image to achieve the development of the complete system for a wide range of object distances.
  • the response of an optical system is modified by a phase mask located in the exit pupil so that its PSF (Point Spread Function) remains invariable to blur and other aberrations while at the same time the OTF (Optical Transfer Function) does not have zeros in its frequency domain. This allows the subsequent restoration of the digital image after it has been captured by the detector.
  • PSF Point Spread Function
  • OTF Optical Transfer Function
  • the optical part of the hybrid system can be designed to have a greater focus range and a great tolerance to its own intrinsic aberrations [Cathey 02]: the wavefront coding and post-processing, achieve that the optical system be insensitive to aberrations and blur. If the optical system is of high quality, the entire focus range can be used to keep the hybrid system from varying before a possible blur.
  • the opto-electronic hybrid image system requires a new method for optimization, since the optical system, the sampling of intermediate images, the processing signal, etc. They are considered together.
  • the procedure is more complex as more parameters are introduced than in a traditional optical design, although it has the advantage of allowing the range of focus to be distributed among the various factors.
  • the most used design for coding the image is the cubic phase sheet.
  • adding an additional element in the optical path reduces the transmission of the optical system, which negatively affects its performance, especially in conditions of low illumination or low white contrast. Moreover, this additional element is added by permanently in the optical system, not being able to withdraw easily when convenient.
  • the present invention is oriented to the solution of these inconveniences.
  • the present invention proposes to achieve the desired coding of the wavefront in an optical system by decentralizing the optical elements that make up said system. If said runout is done in a controlled manner, it is possible to quantify how much the original wavefront has been deformed, and the wavefront can also be corrected electronically afterwards in the image.
  • the optical system of the invention achieves the desired aberration without using additional elements in the optical system, so that the transmission of said system is not influenced, while the offset of elements proposed by the invention can be removed when it is created. necessary or convenient.
  • optical system of the invention Another advantage of the optical system of the invention is that it can be applied to small optical systems.
  • the type of machines used in the manufacture of the lenses of the optical system according to the invention is the conventional one, so that the cost of carrying out an optical system according to the invention does not become more expensive.
  • Figure 1 shows the lens offset of an optical system according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the lens offset of an optical system according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the present invention proposes an optical system that forms the image of an object comprising an optical axis 1, an image-forming objective, preferably formed by conventional lenses 2, 3, which reproduces the images of said object and a light source that directs natural or artificial light through the lenses 2, 3 and towards the object to be observed, in which the coding of the image of the object is carried out by means of an offset 4 of at least one of the lenses 2, 3, with revolution symmetry with respect to the optical axis 1 of the optical system to which it belongs.
  • Said runout 4 generates an axis comma over the entire field of the system that overlaps with the other aberrations of the system.
  • optical system of the invention is that of allowing to adjust the magnitude of the comma introduced into the system by varying the displacement or offset 4 between the lenses 2, 3. This allows adjusting
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • Transfer Function of the Modulation stable
  • the invention proposes to design, as a technological demonstrator, an afocal system that can be put before any well-corrected image-forming objective.
  • the design thus consists of a concave flat lens 2 plus a convex flat lens 3, the radii 5 of both lenses 2, 3 being equal and with the outer surfaces 6 of both flat lenses.
  • the phase sheet effect is achieved with an offset 4 of each lens 2, 3 with respect to the optical axis 1 in equal and opposite magnitudes vertically, according to a first embodiment of the invention ( Figure 1).
  • the phase sheet effect is achieved with a rotation-shaped offset 7 of the convex flat lens 3 with respect to the optical axis 1 according to an angle 8 with respect to the normal one of said optical axis 1 ( Figure 2).
  • the phase variation introduced by the optical system of the invention can be calculated based on the offset or displacement 4 of each element 2,3. Being “R” the radius of curvature of the lenses 2, 3, "d” the displacement or offset 4 of said lenses, considering that the light goes from left to right and considering (X, Y) the coordinate system originating in The optical axis 1, the thickness through the first element or lens 2 is:
  • the thickness of the second element or lens 3 is:
  • n is the index of refraction of the material in which the lenses are manufactured: y So that the phase change in the plane (X, Y), that is, in the pupil is:
  • the first term introduces a lateral displacement of the image that can be easily compensated, while the second is, specifically, the comma term.
  • the amount of phase variation introduced depends on "d" and the maximum values of x and y, that is, the size of the pupil for fixed values of n and R.
  • the main advantages of the optical system of the present invention for image coding are: o the phase sheet does not require complex manufacturing techniques since it is formed by elements with revolution symmetry; or the optical system is not expensive, since it is not necessary to introduce additional elements; or the magnitude of comma introduced into the system is variable and adjustable according to the working conditions of the equipment; or a wider range is used in manufacturing tolerances, which lowers costs in production; or by remaining invariant to blurring, the optical system has a clear application in IR optics, since it would not be necessary to terrify the system.
  • the two lenses 2, 3 are part of the components of the optical system to which a movement is added, such as those described in the simple optical described in the previous points.
  • the choice of lenses 2, 3 will depend on each specific optical system and the conditions that are applied in the design process.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lenses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système optique pour la formation de l'image d'un objet qui comprend un axe optique (1), un objectif de formation d'image (2, 3) qui reproduit les images dudit objet et une source de lumière qui dirige la lumière à travers l'objectif de formation d'image (2, 3) et vers l'objet à observer. L'objectif de formation d'image (2, 3) comprend un décentrement (4) par rapport à l'axe optique (1) du système optique de façon que ledit décentrement (4) génère une coma dans l'axe sur le champ du système optique qui s'ajoute aux autres aberrations propres dudit système optique. L'amplitude de la coma introduite dans ledit système optique peut être ajustée par variation du décentrement (4) dans l'objectif de formation d'image (2, 3).
PCT/ES2007/070161 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 Codage d'image dans des systèmes optiques faisant intervenir la coma WO2009037367A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2007/070161 WO2009037367A1 (fr) 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 Codage d'image dans des systèmes optiques faisant intervenir la coma

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2007/070161 WO2009037367A1 (fr) 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 Codage d'image dans des systèmes optiques faisant intervenir la coma

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009037367A1 true WO2009037367A1 (fr) 2009-03-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2007/070161 WO2009037367A1 (fr) 2007-09-17 2007-09-17 Codage d'image dans des systèmes optiques faisant intervenir la coma

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030127584A1 (en) * 1995-02-03 2003-07-10 Dowski Edward Raymond Wavefront coding zoom lens imaging systems
US20030169944A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-11 Dowski Edward Raymond Optimized image processing for wavefront coded imaging systems
WO2007037691A2 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-04-05 Michiel Christiaan Rombach Lentilles variables pour modules numériques optiques

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030127584A1 (en) * 1995-02-03 2003-07-10 Dowski Edward Raymond Wavefront coding zoom lens imaging systems
US20030169944A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-11 Dowski Edward Raymond Optimized image processing for wavefront coded imaging systems
WO2007037691A2 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-04-05 Michiel Christiaan Rombach Lentilles variables pour modules numériques optiques

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