WO2009034542A2 - Procédé et appareil pour le partage d'un canal d'acquittement - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour le partage d'un canal d'acquittement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009034542A2
WO2009034542A2 PCT/IB2008/053680 IB2008053680W WO2009034542A2 WO 2009034542 A2 WO2009034542 A2 WO 2009034542A2 IB 2008053680 W IB2008053680 W IB 2008053680W WO 2009034542 A2 WO2009034542 A2 WO 2009034542A2
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Prior art keywords
sub
carriers
channel
channels
stations
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PCT/IB2008/053680
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English (en)
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WO2009034542A3 (fr
Inventor
Shashikant Maheshwari
Xin Qi
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Nokia Corporation
Nokia Inc
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Publication of WO2009034542A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009034542A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0091—Signaling for the administration of the divided path
    • H04L5/0092—Indication of how the channel is divided
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
    • H04L5/0003—Two-dimensional division
    • H04L5/0005—Time-frequency
    • H04L5/0007—Time-frequency the frequencies being orthogonal, e.g. OFDM(A), DMT
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
    • H04L5/005—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver of common pilots, i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L2001/0092—Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link
    • H04L2001/0097—Relays

Definitions

  • Radio communication systems such as a wireless data networks (e.g., Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, spread spectrum systems (such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) networks), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) networks, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), etc.), provide users with the convenience of mobility along with a rich set of services and features.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • ACKs Acknowledgements
  • NACKs/NAKs Negative Acknowledgements
  • a method comprises partitioning an acknowledgement channel into a plurality of sub-channels corresponding to number of stations, wherein each of the sub-channels correspond to a group of sub-carriers.
  • the group includes one or more pilot sub-carriers and one or more data sub-carriers.
  • the method also comprises generating a control message indicating one of a plurality of channel types for transmission to the stations, wherein the channel types are associated with the acknowledgement channel and specify multiplexing schemes for the pilot-carriers.
  • an apparatus comprises logic configured to partition an acknowledgement channel into a plurality of sub-channels corresponding to number of stations, wherein each of the sub-channels corresponds to a group of sub-carriers.
  • the group includes one or more pilot sub-carriers and one or more data sub- carriers.
  • the logic is further configured to generate a control message indicating one of a plurality of channel types for transmission to the stations, wherein the channel types are associated with the acknowledgement channel and specify multiplexing schemes for the pilot- carriers.
  • a method comprises receiving a control message specifying one of a plurality of channel types associated with an acknowledgement channel that is partitioned into a plurality of sub-channels corresponding to number of stations. The method also comprises generating an acknowledgement signal according to the specified acknowledgement channel type over a respective one of the subchannels.
  • an apparatus comprises logic configured to receive a control message specifying one of a plurality of channel types associated with an acknowledgement channel that is partitioned into a plurality of sub-channels corresponding to number of mobile devices including the mobile device.
  • the logic is further configured to generate an acknowledgement signal according to the specified acknowledgement channel type over a respective one of the sub-channels.
  • FIGs. IA and IB are diagrams of communication systems capable of providing a common acknowledgement (ACK) channel to support multiple error control-enabled connections, according to various embodiments of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary ACK channel shared by the user equipment of system 1, according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of process for partitioning an ACK channel to support concurrent acknowledgement signaling, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process for assigning sub-carriers to provide acknowledgement signaling, according to an exemplary embodiment
  • FIGs. 5-7 are diagrams of exemplary tiles to provide a common acknowledgement channel for multiple stations, according to various embodiments
  • FIGs. 8A- 8D are graphs of simulations of various acknowledgement coding and modulation schemes
  • FIGs. 9 A and 9B are diagrams of an exemplary WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) architecture, in which the system of FIG. IA can operate, according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention
  • FIGs. 10A- 1OD are diagrams of communication systems having exemplary long-term evolution (LTE) and E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) architectures, in which the system of FIG. IA can operate to provide resource allocation, according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention;
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram of hardware that can be used to implement an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of exemplary components of a user terminal configured to operate in the systems of FIGs. 9 and 10, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. IA is a diagram of a communication system 100 capable of supporting both wireless as well as wired communications between various nodes of a network.
  • Communication system 100 provides communication among user equipment (UE) 10Ia-IOIn that are served by base stations (BS) 103a-103n and relay stations 105a-105n, which form a radio access network (RAN) 107.
  • the RAN 107 can include such systems as 3GPP LTE (or E-UTRAN), WiMAX, etc.).
  • RAN 107 which encompasses the base stations 103 and relay stations 105, communicates with a data network 109 (e.g., packet switched network), that has connectivity to a public data network 111 (e.g., the global Internet) and a circuit- switched telephony network 113, such as the PSTN so that the UEs 101 and other nodes of the RAN 107 may be able to access resources on these separate networks.
  • RAN 107 supports both radio wave as well as wireline communications for one more user equipment (UE) 101 a-n through the use of one or more base stations 103 a-n.
  • UE user equipment
  • base stations 103 are denoted as enhanced Node Bs (eNBs).
  • UE 101 can be any type of mobile station, such as a handset, terminal, station, unit, device, multimedia tablet, Internet node, communicator, Personal Digital Assistant or any type of interface to the user (such as "wearable" circuitry, etc.).
  • the UE 101 can communicate with the base station 103 wirelessly, or through a wired connection.
  • UE 101a wirelessly connects to the base station 103a, while the UE lOln can be a wired terminal, which is linked to the base station 103n as shown in FIG. IA.
  • the RAN 107 can extend network coverage through the use of one or more relay nodes/stations 105a-n (a few of which are shown).
  • UE 101b may communicate with BS 103n via RS 105n even if it is outside the coverage area of BS 103n.
  • each base station 103 serves a specific geographical area; such coverage can be extended through the use of these relay nodes 105 that serve to receive mobile transmissions from one or more UEs located at a geographical region not covered by a base station. These signals are then relayed to the corresponding base station that performs the necessary signal handling, thereby extending the coverage area of RAN 107.
  • RAN 107 is described with respect to a wireless mesh network (WMN) using WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) technology for fixed and mobile broadband access.
  • WiMAX similar to that of cellular technology, employs service areas that are divided into cells. As shown, multiple base stations- or base transceiver stations (BTSs) and relay stations- constitute the RAN 107.
  • BTSs base transceiver stations
  • WiMAX can operate using Line Of Sight (LOS) as well as near/non LOS (NLOS).
  • LOS Line Of Sight
  • NLOS near/non LOS
  • the communication system of FIG. IA is compliant with IEEE 802.16.
  • the IEEE 802.16 standard provides for fixed wireless broadband Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs), and defines six channel models, from LOS to NLOS, for fixed-wireless systems operating in license-exempt frequencies from 2 GHz to 11 GHz.
  • the UE 101, the RS 105 and the BS 103 can communicate according to an air interface defined by IEEE 802.16. Details of various IEEE 802.16 protocols are more fully described in the following references, along with additional background materials (which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties): [1] IEEE 802.16Rev2/D6a, "IEEE draft standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access systems", July 2008; [2] IEEE 802.16j-06/013r3, "Multi-hop Relay System Evaluation Methodology (Channel Model and Performance Metric),” Feb.
  • IEEE C802.16J-07/411 "Common ACKCH Region for Multiple RSs supporting HARQ Traffic," JuI. 05, 2007; and [4] IEEE P802.16j/D6a, "Draft Amendment to IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems, Multihop Relay Specification," July, 2008
  • each of the base stations 103a-n uses a medium access control layer (MAC) to allocate uplink and downlink bandwidth and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is utilized to communicate from one base station to another base station.
  • MAC medium access control layer
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • IEEE 802.16x defines a MAC (media access control) layer that supports multiple physical layer (PHY) specifications.
  • PHY physical layer
  • IEEE 802.16a specifies three PHY options: an OFDM with 256 sub-carriers; OFDMA, with 2048 sub-carriers; and a single carrier option for addressing multipath problems.
  • IEEE 802.16a provides for adaptive modulation.
  • IEEE 802.16j specifies a multihop relay network, which can employ one or more relay stations to extend radio coverage.
  • the service areas of the RAN 107 can extend, typically, from 31 to 50 miles (e.g., using 2-11GHz) and the network can utilize point-to-multipoint or mesh topologies. Under the mobile standard, users can communicate via handsets within about a 50 mile range. Furthermore, RAN 107 can support IEEE 802.11 hotspots.
  • the communication system of FIG. IA can, according to another embodiment, also provide both frequency and time division duplexing (FDD and TDD). It is contemplated that either duplexing scheme can be utilized. With FDD, two channel pairs (one for transmission and one for reception) are used, while TDD employs a single channel for both transmission and reception.
  • FDD frequency and time division duplexing
  • TDD time division duplexing
  • RAN 107 is a wireless mesh network (WMN), which supports a contention-based distributed scheduling (DS) mechanism whereby the nodes of the network (e.g., BSs 103, relay stations 105, and UEs 101) connect to each other in the form of a mesh.
  • WN wireless mesh network
  • DS contention-based distributed scheduling
  • FIG. IB illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the details of the RAN 107 whereby one or more UEs 101 communicate wirelessly with exemplary base station 103a.
  • the figure illustrates other components of the RAN 107 as well including RS 105a used to extend RAN 107 coverage serving one or more UEs lOlc-lOln.
  • the UEs 101, BSs 103, and RSs 105 employ transceivers 115, which are used for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals between nodes.
  • UEs 101, BSs 103 and RSs 105 may utilize a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system 117 for supporting the parallel transmission of independent data streams to achieve high data rates between the UEs 101 and stations 103 and 105.
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • BS 103 uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing) as a downlink (DL) transmission scheme and a single-carrier transmission (e.g., SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access) with cyclic prefix for the uplink (UL) transmission scheme.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiplexing
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA can also be realized using a DFT-S- OFDM principle, which is detailed in 3GGP TR 25.814, entitled “Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA,” v.1.5.0, May 2006 (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • SC-FDMA also referred to as Multi-User-SC-FDMA, allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously on different sub-bands.
  • BS 103a includes a scheduling logic 119 to provide a mechanism for granting resources to the UEs 10Ia-IOIn to communicate over the network 100.
  • the scheduling logic 119 may reside in the UE 101.
  • the various nodes of the RAN 107 such as the UEs 101, BSs 103 and RSs 105 utilize common Acknowledgement (ACK) signaling channels 121 for minimizing errors in received bit streams during communications.
  • ACK Acknowledgement
  • HARQ hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
  • the common channel 121 therefore has the ability to support HARQ-enabled connections between the nodes.
  • the UEs 101 and BSs 103 are fitted with error control logic (or module) 123.
  • the error control logic 123 processes received signals and determines whether there are any errors that may be detected. If no errors are detected, the modules 123 basically generate positive acknowledgements (ACK) signals. If errors are indeed detected, the modules 123 generate negative acknowledgement (NACK or NAK) signals, which are consequently transmitted through the common ACK channel 121 to the BS 103.
  • the RS 105 can optionally include error control logic 123 to actively participate in providing acknowledgement signaling.
  • the system 100 provides an acknowledgement (ACK) channel that supports multiple HARQ-enabled connections from a single UE or multiple UEs.
  • the system 100 utilizes a coding and modulation (CM) method for the ACK channel when UL (Uplink) PUSC (Partial Usage of Sub Channels) is used.
  • CM coding and modulation
  • the UL ACK/NAK Negative Acknowledgement
  • ACK Acknowledgement
  • NAK Negative Acknowledgement
  • the traditional HARQ operation dictates that for every HARQ burst sent from the BS 103/RS 105 to UE 101, the UE 101 sends ACK/NACK messages using one separate ACK channel.
  • This ACK channel occupies half of an OFDM slot (i.e. three tiles). It is evident that one ACK channel per HARQ burst is bandwidth inefficient.
  • the shared ACK channel approach of FIG. 3, where multiple UEs 10Ia-IOIn may share an ACK channel without performance degradation, thereby improving the PHY layer resource consumption by utilizing the bandwidth more efficiently. If relay stations are deployed, one UL ACK channel is required on each hop between base station and mobile station to forward MS ACK/NAK to base station.
  • N UL ACK channel is required for one DL HARQ burst.
  • multiple relay stations could be connected to base station and many mobiles stations could be connected to each relay station.
  • resource allocation is centrally controlled at base station; therefore in order to support HARQ operation between base station and mobile station, bandwidth requirement for ACK channel is very large. Also this may create a bottleneck (in terms of bandwidth requirement) for the 1 st hop relay stations because it has to forward all the UL ACK/NAKs from sub-ordinate relay stations to base station. Therefore traditional HARQ operation is bandwidth inefficient.
  • coding and modulation (CM) modules 125 can be deployed within the base stations 103 and UEs 101. These modules 125 permit selection of a coding and modulation scheme that utilizes multiple sub-carriers associated with the common acknowledgement channel 121. Furthermore, these 125 modules map multiple error control-enabled connections to the common acknowledgement channel 121 by allocating sub-carriers to various connections. The use of sub-carriers within the common ACK channel and the implementation of various modulation schemes are more fully described below.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of an exemplary ACK channel shared by the user equipment of system 1, according to one embodiment.
  • the common ACK channel 121 can be partitioned into multiple sub-channels 201; the number of sub-channels 201 is dependent on the number of stations that will be using the common channel 121.
  • Each sub-channel 201 is further partitioned such that a group of sub-carriers 201 is carried through the sub-channel 201.
  • the group of sub- carriers 203 contains at least one pilot sub-carrier 205 and at least one data sub-carrier 207.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of process for partitioning an ACK channel to support concurrent acknowledgement signaling, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the common ACK channel 121 Prior to transmission, in step 301, the common ACK channel 121 is partitioned into multiple sub- channels, according to one of multiple ACK channel types (as there may be more than one type defined).
  • the type of ACK channel can be specified through the use of a control message, as in step 303.
  • Exemplary types of ACK channels include HARQ-MAP, or downlink channel descriptor (DCD), for instance.
  • the common acknowledgement channel Once the common acknowledgement channel is defined, it can concurrently carry acknowledgement messages over the respective sub-channels (e.g., in support of HARQ mechanism), per step 305.
  • the ACK scheme of FIG. 3 can be implemented in a mobile station, relay station and/or base station. Once the common ACK channel is defined by groups of sub-carriers, the sub-carriers are consequently assigned.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a process for assigning sub-carriers to provide acknowledgement signaling, according to an exemplary embodiment.
  • the sub- carriers are assigned to one or more stations (e.g., UEs lOla-lOln).
  • Acknowledgment signalling is implemented next according to the assignment scheme, per step 403.
  • the sub-carriers are re-assigned, as in step 405, to the stations according to a predetermined scheme (e.g., rotational or round-robin basis). In an exemplary embodiment, this involves rotating the sub-carriers among stations such that error protection is uniformly achieved for all stations.
  • acknowledgement signaling is performed according to the new assignment of sub-carriers.
  • FIGs. 5-7 are diagrams of exemplary tiles to provide a common acknowledgement channel for multiple stations, according to various embodiments.
  • the ACK signals from multiple stations are generated in an OFDMA-like manner, and are multiplexed within the common ACK channel.
  • the pilot and data sub-carriers of different stations share the sub-carriers in the ACK channel, and do not overlap with each other.
  • the common ACK channel is divided into multiple sub-ACK channels for sending HARQ feedback (i.e. ACK/NAK).
  • One sub-ACK channel is used to send ACK/NAK feedback for one HARQ burst.
  • These multiple sub-ACK channels can be shared by multiple stations. The same stations may also share multiple sub-ACK channels in the ACK channel.
  • This capability can also be based on a priority level assigned to the station, for example.
  • One approach to achieving common ACK channel signalling is to leave the positions of the pilot carriers (i.e., pilots) unchanged within the tiles. This approach is henceforth referred to as Type I multiplexing. In this case, one of two multiplexing schemes may be implemented.
  • the ACK channel utilizes three tiles, which include 24 data sub- carriers and 12 pilot sub-carriers.
  • FIG. 5 depicts a scheme in which three stations share one ACK channel
  • FIG. 6 shows a scheme where the shared ACK channel supports up to four stations.
  • Scheme 501 involves the sub-carriers of each tile (Tiles 1-3) in the ACK channel being partitioned into three groups: ⁇ pilot!, s ⁇ ,s, ,pilot2) , ⁇ s ⁇ ,s ⁇ , pilots, s ⁇ , and .
  • the three groups are allocated to three stations. It should be noted that the three groups are not symmetric in the time-frequency domain. It is intuitive to realize that the error protection capability of groups is not the same. Namely, the error protection capability of the group ⁇ pilot!, s ⁇ ,s, ,pilot2) and the other two groups differ because of the use of multiple pilot sub-carriers.
  • the three groups of sub-carriers are allocated to the three stations on a rotational basis (i.e., round robin).
  • groups 1, 2 and 3 are allocated to, for example, stations 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and in tile 2, group 1, 2 and 3 are allocated to station 3, 1 and 2, respectively, and so on.
  • the common ACK channel rotates through the different sub-carrier groups
  • one ACK channel is divided into 3 sub-ACK channel.
  • 1 st sub- ACK channel includes sub-carrier shown as dashed circles.
  • 2 nd sub-ACK channel includes sub- carrier shown in double circles, and 3 rd sub-ACK channel includes sub-carriers shown in a single line circle. Pilot transmission for all the 3 sub-ACK channels is shown in FIG 5.
  • Table 1 lists the possible modulation patterns for the tile when three stations are sharing one ACK channel (as in FIG. 5).
  • the notation 'X' means that the corresponding sub- carrier is not occupied by the stations and P0-P2 denote occupied positions:
  • P0-P2 can be defined as follows:
  • one ACK channel is divided into 4 sub-ACK channel.
  • the 1 st sub- ACK channel includes sub-carrier shown as dashed circles; the 2 nd sub-ACK channel includes sub-carrier shown as a single circle; the 3 rd sub-ACK channel includes sub-carriers shown as dashed-dotted circles; and the 4 th sub-ACK channel includes sub-carriers shown in bolded circles.
  • two multiplexing schemes Scheme I and Scheme II
  • FIG. 6 only shows the multiplexing of one tile of each of the two schemes 601, 603.
  • the other tiles in the ACK channel use the same multiplexing method.
  • the sub-carriers are partitioned into four groups, each of which is allocated to one station. In each sub-carrier group, there are two data sub-carriers and one pilot sub-carrier.
  • the transmitting power from a station in scheme II is more even distributed than scheme I, because in each tile in scheme II, each of the stations transmits one sub-carrier per OFDMA symbol. While, in each tile in scheme I, the station transmits 2, 1, 0 sub-carriers in the 1 st , 2 nd , and 3 rd OFDMA symbol, respectively.
  • Tables 2 and 3 depict modulation patterns for tiles when four stations share on ACK channel for schemes I and II, respectively.
  • An alternative approach to achieving common ACK channel signalling involves changing positions of the pilot sub-carriers. This approach is referred to as Type II multiplexing. Under this scenario, a multitude of possible multiplexing schemes may arise whereby three or four stations share a common ACK channel.
  • the one ACK channel is divided into 4 sub- ACK channel, as seen in FIG. 9.
  • the 1 st sub-ACK channel includes sub-carrier shown as dashed circles;
  • the 2 nd sub-ACK channel includes sub-carrier shown as single line circles;
  • the 3 rd sub- ACK channel includes sub-carriers shown as dashed-dotted circles;
  • the 4 th sub-ACK channel includes sub-carrier shown in bolded circles.
  • Tables 4 and 5 enumerate the modulation pattern for tiles when three and four stations respectively share one ACK channel — considering the case where the positions of the pilot sub-carriers are changed.
  • CM coding and modulation
  • each station has 8 data subcarriers. If ACK is transmitted, then the 8 data subcarriers will be modulated with the
  • the number of data and pilot subcarriers allocated to the ACK channel of one station is decreased - e.g., for the ACK schemes in FIG. 6, in each tile there are 2 data subcarriers and 1 pilot subcarriers allocated to one station. If no multiplexing is used for ACK channel, as in the current 802.16 ACK scheme, there should be 8 data subcarriers and 4 pilot subcarriers allocated. However, the decrease of data and pilot subcarriers does not necessarily translate to performance degradation.
  • RS to BS link normally experiences good channel conditions (i.e., whose coherence time and coherence frequency is large). Since within one tile the data and pilot subcarriers are very adjacent to each other, the fading inside a tile could be assumed to be flat. On the other hand, the 3 tiles of the ACK channel are distributed sparsely in the frequency domain, so the channel fading of them could be assumed to be uncorrelated. Therefore, the following parameter for determining the performance of the ACK channel can be obtained:
  • d t is the normalized square Euclidean distance between the two valid symbol sequences in the tile i
  • the ACK feedback of a station use 1 A of all the subcarriers of an ACK channel. Therefore, if the station transmits the same power per ACK channel, then the transmitting power of each data and pilot subcarrier (when the schemes in FIG.
  • the ACK schemes resemble the currently specified ACK feedback scheme in 802.16.
  • the ACK scheme of FIG. 4 describes multiple types of ACK channel design for sharing among multiple stations. Either one or more types of ACK channel design can be specified in IEEE 802.16 standards. If multiple types of ACK channel design are used then it can be indicated in HARQ- MAP IE (information element) or downlink channel descriptor (DCD).
  • HARQ- MAP IE information element
  • DCD downlink channel descriptor
  • UL ACK channel is allocated using HARQ- ACK-Region Allocation IE as defined in IEEE 802.16. However, UL ACK channel is divided into sub-ACK channel depending upon the ACK channel designed. It is indicated either in HARQ-MAP IE or DCD. The sub-ACK channel used by station to send ACK/NAK feedback is depending upon the corresponding HARQ burst in the DL sub-frame. If "N" HARQ burst are scheduled in DL sub-frame then "N" corresponding sub-ACK channels are allocated by HARQ-ACK region allocation IE (information element). If 'n'th HARQ burst is received by the station, then the station uses 'n'th sub-ACK channel to transmit ACK/NAK feedback.
  • HARQ- ACK-Region Allocation IE as defined in IEEE 802.16. However, UL ACK channel is divided into sub-ACK channel depending upon the ACK channel designed. It is indicated either in HARQ-MAP IE or DCD.
  • FIGs. 8A-8D are graphs 801-807, respectively, of exemplary simulations of acknowledgement coding and modulation schemes, according to various embodiments.
  • the parameters for the simulations are listed Table 6.
  • the ACK channel coding and modulation for the simulation has been chosen to be simply an approach whereby only two valid symbol sequences are used. This consequently supports the use of maximum likelihood (ML) decoding for the simulations. Furthermore, two types of channel estimation are used: ideal and linear interpolation. In the simulation, it is assumed that each station transmits the same power per ACK channel. As far as classifying errors, for the all the multiplexing schemes, an error is taken to occur whenever at least one ACK/NAK feedback in the multiplexing is detected in error.
  • Performance curves of the schemes when three stations sharing one ACK channel are compared in FIGs.8 A and 8B, using ideal channel estimation and realistic channel estimation, respectively.
  • 3 ACK channels are allocated to the three stations.
  • the two schemes (type I and type II) outperform the current 802.16 scheme using either of the channel estimation methods.
  • the type II multiplexing scheme outperforms type I, since type II has one more data sub-carrier for each station per ACK channel.
  • the multiplexing scheme with type I outperforms type II probably because type I has better pilot pattern for channel estimation.
  • the common ACK channel approach provides a number of advantages. Firstly, the approach significantly improves the efficiency of ACK channels by allowing multiple stations to share one ACK channel to transmit multiple ACK/NAK feedbacks simultaneously. Even with such a big improvement in bandwidth efficiency, the performance outperforms the current 802.16 ACK scheme when the transmission power per station per ACK channel is assumed to be the same. Secondly, the described ACK schemes can be readily implemented in an IEEE 802.16 system, and the decoding complexity is no higher than the currently specified ACK channel in the 802.16 standard.
  • the described processes may be implemented in any number of radio networks.
  • FIGs. 9 A and 9B are diagrams of an exemplary WiMAX architecture, in which the system of FIG. IA, according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • the architecture shown in FIGs. 9A and 9B can support fixed, nomadic, and mobile deployments and be based on an Internet Protocol (IP) service model.
  • Subscriber or mobile stations 901 can communicate with an access service network (ASN) 903, which includes one or more base stations (BS) 905.
  • ASN access service network
  • BS base stations
  • the BS 905 in addition to providing the air interface to the mobile stations 901, possesses such management functions as handoff triggering and tunnel establishment, radio resource management, quality of service (QoS) policy enforcement, traffic classification, DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) proxy, key management, session management, and multicast group management.
  • QoS quality of service
  • DHCP Dynamic Host Control Protocol
  • the base station 905 has connectivity to an access network 907.
  • the access network 907 utilizes an ASN gateway 909 to access a connectivity service network (CSN) 911 over, for example, a data network 913.
  • CSN connectivity service network
  • the network 913 can be a public data network, such as the global Internet.
  • the ASN gateway 909 provides a Layer 2 traffic aggregation point within the ASN 903.
  • the ASN gateway 909 can additionally provide intra- ASN location management and paging, radio resource management and admission control, caching of subscriber profiles and encryption keys, AAA client functionality, establishment and management of mobility tunnel with base stations, QoS and policy enforcement, foreign agent functionality for mobile IP, and routing to the selected CSN 911.
  • the CSN 911 interfaces with various systems, such as application service provider (ASP) 915, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 917, and a Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) /3GPP2 system 919, and enterprise networks (not shown).
  • the CSN 911 can include the following components: Access, Authorization and Accounting system (AAA) 921, a mobile IP-Home Agent (MIP-HA) 923, an operation support system (OSS)/business support system (BSS) 925, and a gateway 927.
  • the AAA system 921 which can be implemented as one or more servers, provide support authentication for the devices, users, and specific services.
  • the CSN 911 also provides per user policy management of QoS and security, as well as IP address management, support for roaming between different network service providers (NSPs), location management among ASNs.
  • NSPs network service providers
  • FIG. 9B shows a reference architecture that defines interfaces (i.e., reference points) between functional entities capable of supporting various embodiments of the invention.
  • the WiMAX network reference model defines reference points: Rl, R2, R3, R4, and R5.
  • Rl is defined between the SS/MS 901 and the ASN 903a; this interface, in addition to the air interface, includes protocols in the management plane.
  • R2 is provided between the SS/MS 901 and a CSN (e.g., CSN 911a and 911b) for authentication, service authorization, IP configuration, and mobility management.
  • the ASN 903a and CSN 911a communicate over R3, which supports policy enforcement and mobility management.
  • R4 is defined between ASNs 903a and 903b to support inter-ASN mobility.
  • R5 is defined to support roaming across multiple NSPs (e.g., visited NSP 929a and home NSP 929b).
  • FIGs. 10A- 1OD are diagrams of communication systems having exemplary long-term evolution (LTE) architectures, in which the user equipment (UE) and the base station of FIG. 1 can operate, according to various exemplary embodiments of the invention.
  • a base station e.g., destination node
  • a user equipment e.g., source node
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • both uplink and downlink can utilize WCDMA.
  • uplink utilizes SC-FDMA
  • downlink
  • the communication system 1000 is compliant with 3GPP LTE, entitled “Long Term Evolution of the 3GPP Radio Technology” (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • 3GPP LTE entitled “Long Term Evolution of the 3GPP Radio Technology” (which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).
  • UEs user equipment
  • a network equipment such as a base station 103, which is part of an access network (e.g., WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), 3GPP LTE (or E-UTRAN), etc.).
  • base station 103 is denoted as an enhanced Node B (eNB).
  • eNB enhanced Node B
  • MME Mobile Management Entity
  • Servers 1001 are connected to the eNB s 103 in a full or partial mesh configuration using tunneling over a packet transport network (e.g., Internet Protocol (IP) network) 1003.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • Exemplary functions of the MME/Serving GW 1001 include distribution of paging messages to the eNBs 103, termination of U-plane packets for paging reasons, and switching of U-plane for support of UE mobility. Since the GWs 1001 serve as a gateway to external networks, e.g., the Internet or private networks 1003, the GWs 1001 include an Access, Authorization and Accounting system (AAA) 1005 to securely determine the identity and privileges of a user and to track each user's activities.
  • AAA Access, Authorization and Accounting system
  • the MME Serving Gateway 1001 is the key control-node for the LTE access-network and is responsible for idle mode UE tracking and paging procedure including retransmissions. Also, the MME 1001 is involved in the bearer activation/deactivation process and is responsible for selecting the SGW (Serving Gateway) for a UE at the initial attach and at time of intra-LTE handover involving Core Network (CN) node relocation.
  • SGW Serving Gateway
  • a communication system 1002 supports GERAN (GSM/EDGE radio access) 1004, and UTRAN 1006 based access networks, E-UTRAN 1012 and non-3GPP (not shown) based access networks, and is more fully described in TR 23.882, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • GSM/EDGE radio access GSM/EDGE radio access
  • UTRAN 1006 based access networks
  • E-UTRAN 1012 and non-3GPP (not shown) based access networks and is more fully described in TR 23.882, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
  • MME 1008 control-plane functionality
  • Server 1010 bearer-plane functionality
  • E-UTRAN 1012 provides higher bandwidths to enable new services as well as to improve existing ones
  • separation of MME 1008 from Serving Gateway 1010 implies that Serving Gateway 1010 can be based on a platform optimized for signaling transactions. This scheme enables selection of more cost-effective platforms for, as well as independent scaling of, each of these two elements.
  • Service providers can also select optimized topological locations of Serving Gateways 1010 within the network independent of the locations of MMEs 1008 in order to reduce optimized bandwidth latencies and avoid concentrated points of failure.
  • the E-UTRAN (e.g., eNB) 1012 interfaces with UE 101 via LTE-Uu.
  • the E-UTRAN 1012 supports LTE air interface and includes functions for radio resource control (RRC) functionality corresponding to the control plane MME 1008.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • the E- UTRAN 1012 also performs a variety of functions including radio resource management, admission control, scheduling, enforcement of negotiated uplink (UL) QoS (Quality of Service), cell information broadcast, ciphering/deciphering of user, compression/decompression of downlink and uplink user plane packet headers and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP).
  • UL uplink
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the MME 1008 as a key control node, is responsible for managing mobility UE identifies and security parameters and paging procedure including retransmissions.
  • the MME 1008 is involved in the bearer activation/deactivation process and is also responsible for choosing Serving Gateway 1010 for the UE 101.
  • MME 1008 functions include Non Access Stratum (NAS) signaling and related security.
  • NAS Non Access Stratum
  • MME 1008 checks the authorization of the UE 101 to camp on the service provider's Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and enforces UE 101 roaming restrictions.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • the MME 1008 also provides the control plane function for mobility between LTE and 2G/3G access networks with the S3 interface terminating at the MME 1008 from the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) 1014.
  • SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
  • the SGSN 1014 is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. Its tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management, logical link management, and authentication and charging functions.
  • the S6a interface enables transfer of subscription and authentication data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME 1008 and HSS (Home Subscriber Server) 1016.
  • the SlO interface between MMEs 1008 provides MME relocation and MME 1008 to MME 1008 information transfer.
  • the Serving Gateway 1010 is the node that terminates the interface towards the E-UTRAN 1012 via Sl-U.
  • the Sl-U interface provides a per bearer user plane tunneling between the E-UTRAN 1012 and Serving Gateway 1010. It contains support for path switching during handover between eNBs 103.
  • the S4 interface provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between SGSN 1014 and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving Gateway 1010.
  • the S 12 is an interface between UTRAN 1006 and Serving Gateway 1010.
  • Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 1018 provides connectivity to the UE 101 to external packet data networks by being the point of exit and entry of traffic for the UE 101.
  • the PDN Gateway 1018 performs policy enforcement, packet filtering for each user, charging support, lawful interception and packet screening.
  • Another role of the PDN Gateway 1018 is to act as the anchor for mobility between 3GPP and non-3GPP technologies such as WiMax and 3GPP2 (CDMA IX and EvDO (Evolution Data Only)).
  • the S7 interface provides transfer of QoS policy and charging rules from PCRF (Policy and Charging Role Function) 1020 to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN Gateway 1018.
  • PCRF Policy and Charging Role Function
  • PCEF Policy and Charging Enforcement Function
  • the SGi interface is the interface between the PDN Gateway and the operator's IP services including packet data network 1022.
  • Packet data network 1022 may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g., for provision of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) services.
  • Rx+ is the interface between the PCRF and the packet data network 1022.
  • the eNB 103 utilizes an E-UTRA (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) (user plane, e.g., RLC (Radio Link Control) 1015, MAC (Media Access Control) 1017, and PHY (Physical) 1019, as well as a control plane (e.g., RRC 1021)).
  • the eNB 103 also includes the following functions: Inter Cell RRM (Radio Resource Management) 1023, Connection Mobility Control 1025, RB (Radio Bearer) Control 1027, Radio Admission Control 1029, eNB Measurement Configuration and Provision 1031, and Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) 1033.
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • RLC Radio Link Control
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • PHY Physical
  • the eNB 103 also includes the following functions: Inter Cell RRM (Radio Resource Management) 1023, Connection Mobility Control 1025, RB (Radio Bearer) Control 1027, Radio Admission Control 1029, eNB Measurement Configuration and Provision
  • the eNB 103 communicates with the aGW 1001 (Access Gateway) via an Sl interface.
  • the aGW 1001 includes a User Plane 1001a and a Control plane 1001b.
  • the control plane 1001b provides the following components: SAE (System Architecture Evolution) Bearer Control 1035 and MM (Mobile Management) Entity 1037.
  • the user plane 1001b includes a PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) 1039 and a user plane functions 1041. It is noted that the functionality of the aGW 1001 can also be provided by a combination of a serving gateway (SGW) and a packet data network (PDN) GW.
  • SGW serving gateway
  • PDN packet data network
  • the aGW 1001 can also interface with a packet network, such as the Internet 1043.
  • the PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • the eNB functions of FIG. 1OC are also provided in this architecture.
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Packet Core
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • radio protocol architecture of E-UTRAN is provided for the user plane and the control plane.
  • 3GPP TS 86.300 A more detailed description of the architecture is provided in 3GPP TS 86.300.
  • the eNB 103 interfaces via the Sl to the Serving Gateway 1045, which includes a Mobility Anchoring function 1047.
  • the MME (Mobility Management Entity) 1049 provides SAE (System Architecture Evolution) Bearer Control 1051, Idle State Mobility Handling 1053, and NAS (Non-Access Stratum) Security 1055.
  • SAE System Architecture Evolution
  • Idle State Mobility Handling 1053 Idle State Mobility Handling 1053
  • NAS Non-Access Stratum
  • FIG. 11 illustrates exemplary hardware upon which various embodiments of the invention can be implemented.
  • a computing system 1100 includes a bus 1101 or other communication mechanism for communicating information and a processor 1103 coupled to the bus 1101 for processing information.
  • the computing system 1100 also includes main memory 1105, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to the bus 1101 for storing information and instructions to be executed by the processor 1103.
  • Main memory 1105 can also be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions by the processor 1103.
  • the computing system 1100 may further include a read only memory (ROM) 1107 or other static storage device coupled to the bus 1101 for storing static information and instructions for the processor 1103.
  • ROM read only memory
  • a storage device 1109 such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is coupled to the bus 1101 for persistently storing information and instructions.
  • the computing system 1100 may be coupled via the bus 1101 to a display 1111, such as a liquid crystal display, or active matrix display, for displaying information to a user.
  • a display 1111 such as a liquid crystal display, or active matrix display
  • An input device 1113 such as a keyboard including alphanumeric and other keys, may be coupled to the bus 1101 for communicating information and command selections to the processor 1103.
  • the input device 1113 can include a cursor control, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys, for communicating direction information and command selections to the processor 1103 and for controlling cursor movement on the display 1111.
  • the processes described herein can be provided by the computing system 1100 in response to the processor 1103 executing an arrangement of instructions contained in main memory 1105.
  • Such instructions can be read into main memory 1105 from another computer-readable medium, such as the storage device 1109.
  • Execution of the arrangement of instructions contained in main memory 1105 causes the processor 1103 to perform the process steps described herein.
  • processors in a multiprocessing arrangement may also be employed to execute the instructions contained in main memory 1105.
  • hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the embodiment of the invention.
  • reconfigurable hardware such as Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can be used, in which the functionality and connection topology of its logic gates are customizable at run-time, typically by programming memory look up tables.
  • FPGAs Field Programmable Gate Arrays
  • the computing system 1100 also includes at least one communication interface 1115 coupled to bus 1101.
  • the communication interface 1115 provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link (not shown).
  • the communication interface 1115 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic, or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
  • the communication interface 1115 can include peripheral interface devices, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) interface, etc.
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association
  • the processor 1103 may execute the transmitted code while being received and/or store the code in the storage device 1109, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, the computing system 1100 may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave.
  • Non-volatile media include, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as the storage device 1109.
  • Volatile media include dynamic memory, such as main memory 1105.
  • Transmission media include coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise the bus 1101. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic, optical, or electromagnetic waves, such as those generated during radio frequency (RF) and infrared (IR) data communications.
  • RF radio frequency
  • IR infrared
  • Computer-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, CDRW, DVD, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, optical mark sheets, any other physical medium with patterns of holes or other optically recognizable indicia, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
  • Various forms of computer-readable media may be involved in providing instructions to a processor for execution. For example, the instructions for carrying out at least part of the invention may initially be borne on a magnetic disk of a remote computer.
  • the remote computer loads the instructions into main memory and sends the instructions over a telephone line using a modem.
  • a modem of a local system receives the data on the telephone line and uses an infrared transmitter to convert the data to an infrared signal and transmit the infrared signal to a portable computing device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or a laptop.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • An infrared detector on the portable computing device receives the information and instructions borne by the infrared signal and places the data on a bus.
  • the bus conveys the data to main memory, from which a processor retrieves and executes the instructions.
  • the instructions received by main memory can optionally be stored on storage device either before or after execution by processor.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram of exemplary components of a user terminal configured to operate in the systems of FIGs. 5 and 6, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • a user terminal 1200 includes an antenna system 1201 (which can utilize multiple antennas) to receive and transmit signals.
  • the antenna system 1201 is coupled to radio circuitry 1203, which includes multiple transmitters 1205 and receivers 1207.
  • the radio circuitry encompasses all of the Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry as well as base-band processing circuitry.
  • RF Radio Frequency
  • layer-1 (Ll) and layer-2 (L2) processing are provided by units 1209 and 1211, respectively.
  • layer-3 functions can be provided (not shown).
  • Module 1213 executes all Medium Access Control (MAC) layer functions.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • a timing and calibration module 1215 maintains proper timing by interfacing, for example, an external timing reference (not shown). Additionally, a processor 1217 is included. Under this scenario, the user terminal 1200 communicates with a computing device 1219, which can be a personal computer, work station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), web appliance, cellular phone, etc.
  • a computing device 1219 can be a personal computer, work station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), web appliance, cellular phone, etc.
  • PDA Personal Digital Assistant

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Il est proposé une approche de signalisation d'acquittement. Un canal d'acquittement est divisé en une pluralité de sous-canaux correspondant au nombre de stations, chacun des sous-canaux correspondant à un group de sous-porteuses. Le groupe comprend une ou plusieurs sous-porteuses pilotes et une ou plusieurs sous-porteuses de données. Un message de commande indiquant un type d'une pluralité de types de canaux est généré pour la transmission aux stations, les types de canaux étant associés au canal d'acquittement et spécifiant des mécanismes de multiplexage pour les porteuses pilotes.
PCT/IB2008/053680 2007-09-14 2008-09-11 Procédé et appareil pour le partage d'un canal d'acquittement WO2009034542A2 (fr)

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