WO2009030870A1 - Système de mesure de débit multiphase - Google Patents

Système de mesure de débit multiphase Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009030870A1
WO2009030870A1 PCT/GB2007/003336 GB2007003336W WO2009030870A1 WO 2009030870 A1 WO2009030870 A1 WO 2009030870A1 GB 2007003336 W GB2007003336 W GB 2007003336W WO 2009030870 A1 WO2009030870 A1 WO 2009030870A1
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Prior art keywords
flow
phase
measurement
flow rate
eit
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PCT/GB2007/003336
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English (en)
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Mi Wang
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University Of Leeds
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Publication of WO2009030870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009030870A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
    • G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
    • G01F1/36—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure the pressure or differential pressure being created by the use of flow constriction
    • G01F1/40—Details of construction of the flow constriction devices
    • G01F1/44—Venturi tubes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
    • G01F1/64—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by measuring electrical currents passing through the fluid flow; measuring electrical potential generated by the fluid flow, e.g. by electrochemical, contact or friction effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
    • G01F1/88—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow

Definitions

  • Embodiments of this invention relate to a flow measurement system.
  • Slurry is an essential mixture of solid and liquid, and its physical characteristics are dependent on many factors such as size and concentration distributions of solids in the liquid phase, size of the conduit, level of turbulence, temperature, and absolute (or apparent) viscosity of the carrier.
  • the transport of solid-liquid slurries over short and medium distances via pipelines is very important in many industrial applications.
  • Local solid hold-up is one of the most important hydrodynamic characteristics that is needed for the design, analysis and performance estimation of liquid-solid -two-phase flow and pipeline transportation systems.
  • Electromagnetic flow meters have been successfully applied to measure mean velocities of single-phase liquid in various industries. Continuous efforts have been made to measure the characteristics of two-phase flow using electromagnetic flow meters, since such meters do not introduce a pressure drop and can provide a fast response to changes in the flow. Thus, there are many potential applications for electromagnetic flow meters in two-phase flow. However, due to the complexity of multiphase flow in solid slurry transportation, it is difficult to accurately measure solid concentration and flow rate using a conventional electromagnetic flow meter alone. Normally, a secondary sensor, e.g. gamma-ray density meter, has to be employed.
  • ERT Electrical resistance tomography
  • ERT has been used successfully in predicting solid concentration, disperse phase velocity and flow regimes in both vertical and horizontal flows (McKee et al, 1995; Williams et al, 1996; Mann and Wang, 1997; G.P. Lucas et al., 1999; Wang and Yin, 2001).
  • ERT is unable to measure the flow rate of the continuous phase and in its current form has difficulties in presenting an absolute value.
  • Current multiphase flow measurements are very limited and cannot accurately measure flow rates in all multiphase flows, particularly where the phase distributions and velocity profiles are highly complex and non- steady, such as inclined oil-water flows in which internal waves intermittently form and decay.
  • EIT electrical impedance tomography
  • the technique is used to study the unsteady mixing or flow dynamics of liquid mixtures such as, gas-liquid and solid-liquid mixtures where the fluids have different conductivities [12,13].
  • EIT may, therefore, be suitable for numerous aqueous-based processes. Typical measurements of a solid- water swirling flow were taken from downstream of a swirling inducer, which demonstrated how detailed quantification of the flows was possible (see Figure Ia) [6].
  • the local flow velocity of the dispersed phase can be deduced based on pixel-pixel cross-correlation methods [14,15].
  • EIT performance electrical impedance tomography
  • a dual-plane EIT system was able to measure the mean local axial, radial and azimuthal velocities ( v z , v r , v ⁇ ) of the dispersed phase in air-in water and oil-in-water flows.
  • significant non- axial components were present e.g. swirling flows.
  • a two-phase flow meter comprising a dual-plane EIT system and a Venturi [1], which, in vertical, bubbly air- water flows, enabled the volumetric flow rates of each phase to be measured with an accuracy of better than 1% of reading [20]. Examples of comparisons between results obtained from the tomographic method and from a local probe measurements are given in Figure 2.
  • EIT measurements also have limitations. Due to the inherent feature of electric field inverse solution problem in EIT it has a poor spatial resolution, under-determination of reconstructed local conductivity or volume fraction and possibly large error and noise at its low sensitive region and electrode region, respectively. It only can obtain the disperse phase flow rate in a two-phase flow and also can not correctly measure the true flow rate of a stratified flow as no flowing signature inside such a stratified flow layer. Without an assistance of a secondary flow meter, it is almost impossible to measure flow rates of both phases in a two-phase flow [20], so do for three-phase flows.
  • Figure Ia shows solid volume fraction distribution at downstream positions of
  • L/D 3.0, 7.4, 17.7 and 23 for water flow velocities of 1, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s (L/D: the ratio of downstream length to pipe diameter);
  • Figure Ib shows an overview (top) and inside view (bottom) of the single electrode ERT sensor
  • Figure 2 shows comparison of radial, axial and azimuthal velocity components from ERT (black diamonds) and a local probe (open squares);
  • FIG. 3 shows an integrated system
  • Figure 4 shows a signal flow chart of the measurement system
  • Figure 5 shows an integrated slurry sensing system
  • Figure 6 shows an integrated slurry sensing system
  • Figure 7 shows a block diagram of at least one measurement system
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic of a test flow loop
  • Figure 9 shows a comparison of volumetric solids fractions obtained using the ERT system and ERM model
  • FIG. 10 shows flow rates obtained from EMF.
  • Figure 11 shows axial solids volume fraction distribution obtained using the ERT system.
  • Embodiments of the invention combine readings from one or more electrical impedance tomography sensors with the principles of an electromagnetic flow meter (EMF).
  • Embodiments of the invention are able to measure one or more of the in-site volumetric flow rate and mean volume fraction of solid phase and true total flow rate in water-solid two-phase flows, as well as to visualise complex flow patters and spatial distribution of particle size distribution.
  • embodiments of the invention relate to a method of measuring flow rate, comprising measuring a first flow rate of a disperse phase (e.g. a solid) using an EIT or ERT system, measuring a second flow rate of a continuous phase (e.g. water) using an EMF system, and combining the first and second flow rates to obtain a total flow rate.
  • a disperse phase e.g. a solid
  • a continuous phase e.g. water
  • EMF system e.g. water
  • apparatus comprises an EIT or ERT system for measuring the first flow rate, an EMF system for measuring the second flow rate and combining means for combining the first and second flow rates to obtain the total flow rate.
  • Disperse phases may comprise, for example, a single phase such as a solid, or may comprise multiple phases such as gas and oil.
  • methods and/or apparatus according to embodiments of the invention may be used to measure flow rates of two- or three- phase flows. Methods described will extend the concept of EIT-based two-phase measurement to three-phase systems. The measurement principle of the proposed three-phase systems is based on the use of multi-modality sensors and multi-dimensional data fusion, where three independent flow measurement sub-systems and one sub-system of density metering are applied.
  • an EIT technique with dual conductive ring sensors is used to extract local volume fraction distribution (a s '° ) and flow rate (Q g '° ) of disperse phases (e.g. gas & oil).
  • the principle of electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) is applied to measure the flow rate (Q w ) of continuous phase (e.g. water).
  • the mean volume fraction ( ⁇ g '°) of gas and oil phases obtained using the EIT also can be used to correct the measurement obtained from the EMF.
  • the concept of Venturi differential-pressure flowmeter (VDF) is adopted for the measurement of the incompressible liquids' flow rate (Q w>0 ) (e.g. of oil & water).
  • the gas correction factor and mean density of liquids can be obtained by an online density meter, for example, ⁇ -ray density meter, or a flow weighing system (OFW).
  • the flow rate of disperse phases can be derived as
  • A is the area of cross section of the EIT imaging area
  • v,- is the local velocity at pixel i, which is implemented using the cross-correlation method, Mis the total number of pixels over the cross section imaged by EIT.
  • a w is the effective water coverage area
  • v w is the average water flow velocity
  • u electric potential
  • z denote the EMF impedance 1
  • B is the magnetic flux density
  • d is the effective distance between the electrodes.
  • the flow rate of liquid phases can be derived as,
  • C is the compressible fluid correction factor and the function of ⁇ g
  • E is the installation coefficient of VDF
  • g is the gravitational acceleration
  • AP is the differential press drop of VDF
  • p w '° is the mean density of the two-phase liquids, which can be obtained from OFW directly.
  • the compressible fluid correction factor, C in regard to the volume fraction of gas phase, ⁇ 8 , and the mean density of the mixed fluid, e.g. p w '° of water and oil.
  • An online density meter e.g. ⁇ -ray density meter or a flow weighing system (OFW) or measurement of flow head using two pressure sensors, can be used to obtain the two parameters.
  • OFW flow weighing system
  • the weight of the three-phase flow, ⁇ in the OFW' s effective measurement volume, ⁇ 0FW i can be presented as,
  • W OFW v om . ( ⁇ ., . p W + A o . p o + A s . pg ) (5)
  • ⁇ w , ⁇ °, A g and p w , p°, //, are volume fractions and densities of water, oil and gas in the flow, respectively.
  • the two key compensation parameters in the use of the Venturi flowmeter can be derived as,
  • the online flow weight measurement can be made by the use of a suspended balance with pressure sensors for horizontal pipeline flows or the pressure drop method for incline and vertical pipeline flows.
  • a swirling inducer may be applied to the inlet flow of EIT sensor to produce a dispersed flow.
  • EMF electrowetting-on-senor
  • An electromagnetic flowmeter mainly consists three parts, which are electrode system, coils and excitation source and measurement system.
  • the current development of EMF has extended the measurement range from the conventional conductive or ultra- low conductive (O.Ol ⁇ S/cm) liquidTM to non-conductive medium 1 , however, only for single-phase flow or maybe two-phase flows with careful calibration and strictly narrow range.
  • Several developments to the conventional EMF measurement are proposed, which will enhance the performance, simplify the electronics and reduce the physical size of the multi-phase flowmeter. The major issues are,
  • Electrodes with a non-conductive lining to the flow tube provide a non-invasive fashion for the flow measurement. They may also be less sensitive to fouling vi and even used for non-conductive liquid (e.g. oil) 1 .
  • the single electrode made of a conductive ceramic lining also demonstrated its capability to image stratified flows or even an empty pipe and produce a more uniform sensitivity distributionError! Bookmark not defined. Error! Bookmark not defined/Error! Bookmark not defined..
  • a similar electrode system as the conductive lining method is used for both EMF and EIT measurement to handle the non-conductive continuous phase even transit phase flows.
  • the ring also can be separated to two or more segments, in order to enhance the EMF signal strength.
  • the use of the high different in frequency is to amplify the frequency-response of the multiphase flows and to cover more wide multiphase flows: from conductive continuous phase to non-conductive continuous phase and even the transient phase.
  • Applying dual frequency excitation at the same time will also enhance the temporal resolution and reduce the error of the data fusion of EMF and EIT.
  • the single source with the same time clock may also provide an easy way to separate the responses from EMF and EIT and simplify the electronics and reduce the cross interference that may be arisen in the use of two independent excitation sources.
  • Venturi is one of DPFs, which is based on the pressure drop across the throat and the wide pipe section of Venturi sensor. It is normally used for measuring incompressible fluids.
  • the measurement has to be compensated with known parameters of the ratios between the liquid and gas volumetric flow rates, densities or volume fractions.
  • the liquid density should also be known.
  • the Venturi sub-system proposed in the research is for the measurement of two liquid phases (e.g. water and oil) in three-phase flows and the compensation parameters, such as the gas correction factor and the mean density of liquids, can be dynamically obtained from the online flow weighting sub-system.
  • the proposed system can collect more than 1 million data points per second from four sub-systems and few other additional sensors. Effective and correct methods to process such data and users' friendly interface for data delivery would be another key issue for the success of the research.
  • the concepts of Principal Element Analysis method and Multi-variable Control are introduced into the data fusion of the flow measurement data. A new method with features of simplified computation, effective correlation and priori-knowledge assured flow information is developed in the process.
  • the schematics of the construction and measurement systems for three-phase flows are given in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
  • Figure 3 describes an integrated system.
  • the EIT measurement sub-system consists of two conducting liners (7,8), a number of electrical contacts (9) connected to the out- walls of the conducting liners (7,8), a conductivity sensor (4) and two temperature sensors (5,6) for the compensation of conductivity measurement of conductive liquid.
  • the EMF measurement sub-system uses two or more coils (10,11) to generate a magnetic field.
  • the same conducting liners (7,8) and electrical contacts (9) are used for the measurement of the induced current/potential due to the conductive phase flowing under the magnetic field.
  • the effective measuring area/region of both EIT and EMF is the throat part of the Veturi tube (12).
  • the differential pressure of Venturi flow measurement is obtained from the two pressure sensors (1,2) or (2,3).
  • the Venturi tube (12) is suspended using two flexible suspension tubes (19,20) and two spring suspensions (15, 16).
  • Two pressure sensors (13,14) supported by two pivots (17,18) are used to measure the differential change of the pressures for weighing the horizontal pipeline flow in the effective volume of the Venturi tube (12).
  • the weight of flow also can be measured using the two pressure sensors (1,3) in inclined or vertical pipeline flows.
  • the measurement system (1-20) is enclosed by a house (23) and supported by a house (23) with junctions to the flexible suspensions (19,20) and pivots (17,18).
  • Two flanges (21,22) are fixed at the two ends of the house (23) and flexible suspensions (19,20) for pipeline connection.
  • An EIT technique with dual conventional or conductive ring sensors is used to extract local volume fraction distribution ( ⁇ /) and flow rate (O/), and spatial distribution of particle size distribution of disperse phases (e.g. solid).
  • the principle of electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) is applied to measure the flow rate (Q w ) of continuous phase (e.g. water).
  • the mean volume fraction (Af) of solid phase obtained using the EIT also can be used to correct the measurement obtained from the EMF.
  • the flow rate of disperse phases can be derived as
  • the measurements are normally made by injecting a constant current and measuring boundary voltages or applying voltage and measuring current to obtain the mutual impedance of the object.
  • SNR signal-to- noise ratio
  • the current value has to be increased in order to improve measurement SNR for application with a high conductive solution.
  • the adjustment of the current is not straightforward. Generally, it has to be made by trial and error a tedious and time-consuming task.
  • the performance of current source at high frequency will become poor due to the limited output impedance inherited with operational amplifier and on board stray capacitance.
  • the boundary voltage of EIT has a wide dynamic range. Typically, it is about 1 :30 or more. Therefore, different gain values (e.g. the gain map) have to be applied to relevant voltage signals, which generally is about 2 to 3 decades gain values existing in a voltage measurement profile of one projection.
  • the logarithmic- signal processing proposed can also maintain precise measurements over a wide dynamic range v ⁇ ".
  • the wide-dynamic-range signal undergoes compression, and the use of a lower resolution measurement system without the use of programmable gain amplifier then saves cost and enhances the precision.
  • the voltage to current converting ratio is programmable. Only one adjustment to N (see below equation) will be applied for all measurements in an application.
  • the transfer function of the circuit in Figure 5 is:
  • K is the output scale factor
  • N is the voltage to current converting ratio
  • V b is a boundary voltage
  • FIG. 6 describes an integrated slurry sensing system.
  • the EIT measurement subsystem consists of two sets of EIT sensor that is made of a number of electrodes 7 fitted through the non-conductive pipe 6 and contacted with the slurry in flows.
  • the EMF measurement sub-system uses two or more coils 8 to generate a magnetic field.
  • the selected electrodes from electrodes 7 are used for the measurement of the induced current/potential due to the conductive phase flowing under the magnetic field.
  • a conductivity sensor 9 and a temperature sensor 10 are used for the compensation of conductivity measurement of conductive liquid.
  • the measurement system (6-10) is enclosed and supported by a metal house 11. Two flanges 12 and 13 are fixed at the two ends of the house 6 for pipeline connection.
  • Figure 7 is the block diagram of measurement systems, where Q, Q w and ⁇ s denote the solids' flow rate, water flow rate and volume fraction of solids. EMF's, EIT's and other sensors' information are acquired and processed with either localized processor (see the figure) or a personal computer to provide flow information.
  • the slip velocity Slip velocity is a phenomenon that usually occurs in a multi-phase flow. For a liquid- solid two-phase flow, the liquid phase moves much faster than the solid, except in a downward flow. The difference in the in-situ average velocities between the liquid and solid phases will result in a very important phenomenon; the "slip" of one phase relative to the other, or the “hold-up” of one phase relative to the other. This makes the in-situ volume fractions different than the solid loading volume fractions. It is of importance to study this in detail in order to obtain an accurate in-situ fraction. Therefore the present work will use different models to study the influence of the slip velocity on the slurry measurement. The first of these models is the hindered settling velocity, proposed by Richardson and Zaki (1954) [42], which can provide estimates for individual grains of sand.
  • the hindered settling velocity, V T can be estimated by:
  • V T is the terminal settling velocity obtained by Stokes' law and Newton's law.
  • the frictional head loss can be described by the equivalent liquid model (ELM) (Matousek, 2002 [39]).
  • ELM equivalent liquid model
  • Equation (9) may be used to calculate approximately the in-situ mean volumetric solid fraction.
  • the ERT system was used to estimate the in-situ volumetric fraction based on the average of volumetric fractions of individual pixels which constitute the entire image. The simple calculation is given by Eq. (22).
  • a tota iana ⁇ sj is the area of pixel, the area of image (the cross-sectional area of pipe) and in-situ local volumetric disperse phase fraction, respectively.
  • ⁇ is a homogeneity factor based on the conductivity distribution over the cross section of the EMF sensor in accordance with the flow power law and asymmetric velocity profile.
  • Q E MF is the mixture flow rate obtained using EMF.
  • a slurry flow loop with 50mm inside diameter has been designed and built at the School of Process, Materials and Environmental Engineering at the University of Leeds as shown in Figure 8 (Pachowko et al, 2003 [41]).
  • the total PVC pipe work is 22m in length, with a 3m long vertical and two 5m long horizontal testing sections in the loop.
  • the loop consists of a main 500 litres mixing tank, where the solid and liquid are mixed homogeneously and introduced into the loop.
  • a 250 litre measuring tank is used to determine the delivered volumetric solid fraction at high flow velocities, as well as for verification of flow rate readings.
  • a 15kW Warman International 2/11/2 AH heavy-duty centrifugal pump is used to transfer the slurry at velocities between 0.3 and 5 m/s.
  • a frequency inverter was used for the control of the pump and hence the velocity and type of flow pattern that are generated.
  • the flow rate of the solid and liquid mixture was measured by an electromagnetic flow meter (EMF).
  • EMF electromagnetic flow meter
  • the selected EMF was a Krohne Aquaflux unit because its body lining was manufactured to be resistant to the slurry material flowing through it. Therefore, an abrasive slurry can be investigated. Mounting the flow sensor on a vertical pipe allows the measured velocity to be interpreted as the mixture velocity.
  • the dual-plane ERT Sensor with two dummy rings was configured so that the axial separation of the image planes was 50mm.
  • sixteen stainless steel electrodes are mounted flush to the surface of the pipe at equal intervals.
  • the electrodes were designed to have a length to width ratio of 3, giving an electrode size of 18mm by 6mm.
  • the voltage potential differences for tomography images were collected based on the normal adjacent protocol, with a data collection speed of 5 frames per second for the dual planes, at an AC current injection frequency of 9600Hz and a current value of 15mA. This produces 104 independent measurements for each tomographic image.
  • the reconstruction of the image was carried out by the use of the Linear Back Protection (LBP) algorithm (Wang, 2000).
  • LBP Linear Back Protection
  • volumetric solids fraction was determined from the Maxwell relationship (Dyakowski et al, 2000 [30]). In this work, prior to experiments we calibrated the ERT system and took the reference frame when the sensor was full of liquid only, so that the reference measurement error could be controlled within 1%. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • v ⁇ plays a very important role in vertical hoisting. Due to the different flow pattern in horizontal and vertical pipes under the same entry conditions, the delivered volumetric solids fraction is different in different pipes, especially for the experiment loop of the present work. The solid and liquid are mixed homogeneously and first introduced into the horizontal pipe and then flows into the vertical pipe section. Thus the delivered volumetric solids fraction ⁇ SD in vertical pipe would be re-measured with T2 as is shown in Figure 8. Table 1 shows the results calculated by different models.
  • Table 1 A comparison of the mean in-situ volumetric solids fraction obtained and the slip velocity v ⁇ by four methods (The mixture velocity, V M , is 1.61 m/s).
  • the arrow shows the derivation direction.
  • Figure 11 shows that axial solids volume fraction distribution obtained using the ERT system at various mixture velocities at the loading solid concentration of 5% and 15%. It can be seen that there is an accumulation of particles at the outer wall of the pipe. Due to the ERT sensor being mounted in the working section at a distance of approximately 1.0 m from the tube bend and solid particle inertia, the mixture flow through a pipe bend will result in an accumulation of particles at the bottom and outer wall of the bend. In the connecting vertical pipe, the accumulation will disintegrate due to the secondary flow induced by the bend and due to flow turbulence.
  • the EMF must be treated with reservations when the flow pattern at the EMF mounting point is a non-homogenous flow.
  • the slip velocity and flow pattern have to be considered to correct the results using the equivalent liquid model.
  • the results have demonstrated that the ERT technique can provide in-situ volumetric fraction and therefore can be used in conjunction with an electromagnetic flow meter as a way of measuring slurry flow rate in a vertical flow.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be realised in the form of hardware, software or a combination of hardware and software. Any such software may be stored in the form of volatile or non- volatile storage such as, for example, a storage device like a ROM, whether erasable or rewritable or not, or in the form of memory such as, for example, RAM, memory chips, device or integrated circuits or on an optically or magnetically readable medium such as, for example, a CD, DVD, magnetic disk or magnetic tape. It will be appreciated that the storage devices and storage media are embodiments of machine-readable storage that are suitable for storing a program or programs that, when executed, implement embodiments of the present invention.
  • embodiments provide a program comprising code for implementing a system or method as claimed in any preceding claim and a machine readable storage storing such a program. Still further, embodiments of the present invention may be conveyed electronically via any medium such as a communication signal carried over a wired or wireless connection and embodiments suitably encompass the same.
  • BERNIER R.N., BRENNEN, C.E., 1983. Use of the electromagnetic flow meter in a two-phase flow, Int. J. Multiphase Flow 9, 251-257.
  • BEVIR M.K., 1970. The theory of induced voltage electromagnetic flow meters. J. Fluid Mech. 43, 577-590.
  • MATOUSEK V., 2002. Pressure drops and flow patterns in sand-mixture pipes.

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Abstract

Procédé de mesure de débit consistant: à mesurer un premier débit d'une phase dispersée au moyen d'un premier système de mesure; à mesurer un second débit d'une phase continu au moyen d'un second système de mesure; et à combiner les premier et second débit pour obtenir un débit total.
PCT/GB2007/003336 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Système de mesure de débit multiphase WO2009030870A1 (fr)

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US20150234026A1 (en) * 2014-02-20 2015-08-20 Krohne Ag Flowmeter with a measuring device implementing a tomographic measuring principle
WO2016042317A1 (fr) * 2014-09-15 2016-03-24 University Of Leeds Appareil de tomographie, système de surveillance d'écoulement de phases multiples, et procédés correspondants
CN106153130A (zh) * 2016-08-01 2016-11-23 清华大学深圳研究生院 一种耐压两用的电学成像传感系统及其数据采集成像方法
US9719825B2 (en) 2011-10-28 2017-08-01 Delaval Holding Ab Multiphase flow measurement
WO2017206199A1 (fr) * 2016-05-30 2017-12-07 无锡洋湃科技有限公司 Appareil et procédé de mesure permettant de mesurer des débits massiques à phases multiples de gaz, d'huile et d'eau dans un gaz humide
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CN112577559A (zh) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-30 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 双通道多相流体核磁共振在线检测装置及方法
WO2021221595A1 (fr) * 2020-04-29 2021-11-04 Ihsan Dogramaci Bilkent Universitesi Observation de l'instabilité, induite par le flux, d'une nanomembrane et son utilisation pour la détection de débit d'air et de fluide sur puce
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