WO2009029854A1 - Photocatalytic coating - Google Patents
Photocatalytic coating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009029854A1 WO2009029854A1 PCT/US2008/074876 US2008074876W WO2009029854A1 WO 2009029854 A1 WO2009029854 A1 WO 2009029854A1 US 2008074876 W US2008074876 W US 2008074876W WO 2009029854 A1 WO2009029854 A1 WO 2009029854A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- paint
- titanium dioxide
- photocatalytic titanium
- photocatalytic
- volume
- Prior art date
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- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 33
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 227
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 126
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001909 styrene-acrylic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 coalescents Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 66
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 33
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 17
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 8
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCOC(=O)C=C OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLUKFIYCOCNRAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.OCCOC(=O)C=C RLUKFIYCOCNRAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001023 inorganic pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0219—Coating the coating containing organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/06—Acrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5025—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
- C04B41/5041—Titanium oxide or titanates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2038—Resistance against physical degradation
- C04B2111/2061—Materials containing photocatalysts, e.g. TiO2, for avoiding staining by air pollutants or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to compositions for imparting a photocatalytic coating on a surface. More specifically, the invention relates to de- polluting, self -cleaning paints comprising titanium dioxide particles which do not require prior activation to achieve high initial photocatalytic activity.
- the photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor material titanium dioxide result from the promotion of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) and near-UV radiation.
- UV ultraviolet
- the reactive electron-hole pairs that are created migrate to the surface of the titanium dioxide particles where the holes oxidize adsorbed water to produce reactive hydroxyl radicals and the electrons reduce adsorbed oxygen to produce superoxide radicals, both of which can degrade NO x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air.
- photocatalytic titanium dioxide has been employed in coatings and the like to remove pollutants from the air. Such coatings may also have the advantage of being self- cleaning since soil (grease, mildew, mold, algae, etc.) is also oxidized on the surface.
- coating compositions particularly paint compositions, which comprise titanium dioxide photocatalysts capable of removing pollutants from the air, which photocatalysts have high initial activity without prior activation. It is a further object of the invention to provide durable coatings having high levels of photocatalytic titanium dioxide which coatings have de-pollution activity in low light environment, and in particular in the presence of visible light.
- coatings comprising titanium dioxide of crystallite size in the range of about 1 nm (nanometers) to about 150 nm, more particularly about 5 nm to about 30 nm, and preferably about 5 to about 10 nm, do not require pre-activation (e.g., by washing with water) to achieve a high initial level of photocatalytic activity in the presence of light.
- the inventive coatings show substantial photocatalytic activity in the presence of visible light which makes them ideal for use as de-polluting coatings in low light environments, including the indoors.
- the self-cleaning, de-polluting coating compositions are in the form of water-based paints which include (i) from about 5% to about 40% by volume photocatalytic titanium dioxide, preferably in substantially pure anatase form, the photocatalytic titanium dioxide being characterized by an average crystallite size between about 5 nm and about 30 nm and having photocatalytic activity in the presence of visible light; (ii) one or more additional pigments, such that the total pigment volume concentration ("PVC") of the paint, inclusive of said photocatalytic titanium dioxide, is at least about 65%; and (iii) a styrene acrylic copolymer binder; the paint being capable of substantially reducing NO x compounds in the absence of prior activation with water.
- PVC total pigment volume concentration
- Another aspect of the invention provides substrates having deposited thereon a layer of the self -cleaning, de-polluting coating compositions according to the invention, and optionally further comprising an overcoat disposed on said paint layer comprising a second photocatalytic titanium dioxide having a crystallite sizes in the range of 5 nm to 30 nm, the overcoat being formed by applying a sol over the paint layer.
- a method for removing NO x or other pollutants from the air comprising applying to a surface, such as a wall, floor, ceiling, or the like, a layer of de-polluting coating according to the invention, with or without prior activation by washing with an aqueous solvent, and preferably without a washing step, said coating being capable of substantially removing pollutants from the air in the presence of UV and/or visible light, preferably in the presence of visible light, and optionally applying a sol topcoat comprising photocatalytic titanium dioxide over said paint layer.
- Figure 1 compares the NO x activities of two photocatalytic titanium dioxide coatings which have not been pre-activated under various lighting conditions, where "Comp. 1" is a coating comprising photocatalytic titanium dioxide powder having an average crystallite size of about 5-10 nm and "Comp. 2" is a coating comprising photocatalytic titanium dioxide powder having an average crystallite size of about 15-25 nm.
- Figure 2 compares the NO x activities of various coating systems comprising a styrene acrylic photocatalytic paint according to the invention having various photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol topcoats (B-G) disposed thereon.
- the self-cleaning, de-polluting coating compositions comprise photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles, an organic binder, and optionally one or more additional pigments, such as calcium carbonate.
- the coatings may be in the form of paints (interior or exterior), in particular water-based paints, and ideally will have a high (e.g., greater than 60%) total pigment volume concentration (“PVC").
- the coatings or paints are capable of substantially reducing NO x compounds in the absence of prior activation with water. It will be understood that while the coatings of the invention are capable of substantially reducing pollutants in the absence of prior activation with water, it is nevertheless within the scope of the invention to activate the coatings by treatment with water after application to further enhance the photocatalytic activity.
- a paint has substantial "initial" photocatalytic activity, in the absence of prior activation with water, it is meant that the paint has substantial measurable activity against NO x compounds immediately after a coating of the paint formed onto a substrate has fully dried and/or cured to the extent customarily permitted before such a paint is put into service (e.g., it is non-tacky and does not readily transfer on touching, etc.).
- the self -cleaning, depolluting paints of the invention comprise particles of photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) which are capable of forming electron-hole pairs in the presence of electromagnetic radiation, particularly ultraviolet (UV), near-UV, and/ or visible light.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide is capable of substantial photoactivity in the presence of visible light.
- careful control over the crystalline form and particle size of the titanium dioxide provides photocatalyts which are capable of removing pollutants in low UV light environments, particularly indoor environments, and which have substantial initial activity, even in the absence of activation by washing with a solvent (e.g., water).
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles for use in the paint compositions is preferably predominantly in the anatase crystalline form because of its higher photoactivity than the rutile form.
- "Predominantly” means that the level of anatase in the titanium dioxide particles of the paint is greater than 50% by mass, although it is preferred that the level of anatase is greater than about 80%, and more preferably greater than about 90%.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles of the paint will be in substantially pure anatase form, meaning that the content of the rutile crystalline form is less than about 5%, more particularly, less than about 2.5%, and more preferred still, less than about 1% by mass.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles will be free of the rutile form, meaning that the rutile crystal form is not detectable by crystallography. Put another way, the photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles may comprise 100% anatase form. The degree of crystallization and the nature of the crystalline phase are measured by X-ray diffraction.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide particles for use in the paint compositions will typically have an average particle size which enables the particles to predominately absorb, rather than scatter, light. As the particle sizes become very small, the band gap between the valence and conduction bands decreases. Thus, with sufficiently small particle sizes, it has been observed that titanium dioxide particles are capable of absorbing light in the visible spectrum.
- the titanium dioxide particles for inclusion in the inventive paints will typically have a particle size between about 1 nm and about 150 nm. More typically, the particle size will be between about 5 nm and about 20 nm, 25 nm, or about 30 nm. In a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the titanium dioxide in the paint will be between about 5 nm and about 15 nm, and more particularly between about 5 and about 10 nm. Reference herein to the size of titanium dioxide particles (or crystallites) will be understood to mean the average particle size of the titanium dioxide particulates.
- the particle size is modified by the term "about,” it will be understood to embrace somewhat larger or smaller particles sizes than the indicated value to account for experimental errors inherent in the measurement and variability between different methodologies for measuring particle size, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art.
- the diameters may be measured by, for example, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and also XRD.
- the particles may be characterized by surface area.
- the powdered titanium dioxide photocatalyst will have a surface area, as measured by any suitable method, including 5-point BET, of greater than about 70 m 2 /g, more typically, greater than about 100 m 2 /g, and preferably greater than about 150 m 2 /g. In some embodiments, the titanium dioxide photocatalyst will have a surface area greater than about 200 m /g, greater than about 250 m /g, or even greater than about 300 m /g. [0023] The photocatalytic titanium dioxides available from Millennium Inorganic
- PCS300 is a 100% anatase titanium dioxide powder having an average crystallite size between about 5 nm and about 10 nm.
- PC500 is also a 100% anatase titanium dioxide powder, which has a TiO 2 content between about 82 % and about 86 % by weight, and which has a surface area of about 250 to about 300 m 2 /g, as measured by 5-point BET, which translates to an average particle size of about 5 nm to about 10 nm.
- the product designated PC105 also from Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, will also find utility in some embodiments of the invention.
- This photocatalytic powder comprises greater than 95% by weight titanium dioxde, the TiO 2 being 100% anatase, and has an average crystallite size of about 15 nm to about 25 nm and a surface area between about 80 and about 100 m 2 /g.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide will typically comprise from about 2 to about 40 % by volume of the paint formulation. More typically, the photocatalytic titanium dioxide will comprise from about 5 % to about 20% by volume of the paint, and preferably from about 7.5 % to about 15 % by volume. In a representative embodiment, the photocatalytic titanium dioxide comprises about 10% by volume of the paint formulation.
- the foregoing amounts represent the volume of photocatalyst in the final paint formulation (e.g., including solvent), rather than the volume percentage in the dried paint coating.
- the weight percent of titanium dioxide in the paint formulation will be between about 1% by weight and about 20% by weight, more typically between about 5 and about 10% by weight, and preferably about 7.5% by weight.
- the invention embraces the use of bimodal photocatalytic titanium dioxide material, formed by combining two different titanium dioxide powders or sols, wherein at least one, and preferably both, have a particle size and/or surface area as defined above.
- the photocatalyst will "consist essentially of a particular titanium dioxide material described herein, by which is meant any additional photocatalyst having materially different activities is excluded, or that amounts of additional photocatalyst which materially impact the durability, de-polluting, or self-cleaning properties of the paint are excluded.
- the paints of the invention comprise an organic binder.
- the polymeric binder is a water-dispersible polymer, including but not limited to latex binders, such as natural latex, neoprene latex, nitrile latex, acrylic latex, vinyl acrylic latex, styrene acrylic latex, styrene butadiene latex, and the like.
- Exemplary polymers for these compositions include, but are not limited to, methyl methacrylate, styrene, methacrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate polymer (CAS # 70677- 00-8), acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, styrene, hydroxyethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate polymer (CAS # 7732-38-6), butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate polymer (CAS # 25951-38-6), butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylic acid polymer (CAS # 42398-14-1), styrene, butylacrylate polymer (CAS # 25767- 47-9), butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methacrylic acid polymer C (CAS # 31071- 53-1), acrylic polymers, and carboxylated styrene but
- the organic binder may be chosen among copolymers of styrene/butadiene, and polymers and copolymers of esters of acrylic acid and in particular copolymers of polyvinylacrylic and styrene/acrylic esters.
- styrene acrylic copolymer includes copolymers of styrene/acrylic esters thereof.
- the styrene acrylic emulsion sold under the tradename ACRONALTM 290D (BASF) has been found to be particularly useful as an organic binder in the inventive paints.
- BASF ACRONALTM 290D
- the organic binder in the inventive paints will be chosen among copolymers of styrene/butadiene, and polymers and copolymers of esters of acrylic acid and in particular copolymers of polyvinylacrylic and styrene/acrylic esters.
- styrene acrylic copolymer includes copolymers of styren
- the inventive paints will be substantially free of inorganic binders, by which is meant that the levels of inorganic binder is not sufficient to form a continuous adherent film on a substrate, in the absence of organic binder.
- the paints comprise less than 0.5% by weight, preferably less than about 0.2% by weight, and more preferred still, less than about 0.1% by weight inorganic binders.
- the inventive paints are free of inorganic binders.
- Inorganic binders include, without limitation, alkali metal silicates such as, for example, potassium silicate, sodium silicate, and/or lithium silicate.
- the paints according to the invention may further comprise one or more pigments.
- the term "pigments” is intended to embrace, without limitation, pigmentary compounds employed as colorants, including white pigments, as well as ingredients commonly known in the art as “opacifying agent” and "fillers.” Included are any particulate organic or inorganic compound able to provide hiding power to the coating, and in particular at least one inorganic compound like non-photocatalytic titanium dioxide. Such titanium dioxide pigments which are not photoactive are disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
- the titanium dioxide pigment may be the particles of TionaTM 595 sold by Millennium Inorganic Chemicals Ltd.
- Pigments also include calcium carbonate, which is typically added to paint as a filler.
- One suitable calcium carbonate material is that sold under the tradename SetacarbTM 850 OC (Omya).
- the paints according to the invention typically, but not necessarily, have a pigment volume concentration (PVC) between about 60% and about 90%, more typically between about 65% and about 80%, and preferably between about 70% and about 75%.
- pigment volume concentration refers to the total percentage by volume of all pigments in the composition, wherein the term “pigment” includes all forms of titanium dioxide, whether photocatalytic (e.g., PC500) or non-photocatalytic (e.g., TionaTM 595), as well as any other components generally regarded in the art as pigments, including without limitation calcium carbonate and other particulate fillers.
- photocatalytic e.g., PC500
- non-photocatalytic e.g., TionaTM 595
- various other compounds may be added to the composition of the invention, but preferably such an addition does not compromise the shelf life, photoactivity, durability or non-staining properties of the resulting coating.
- additional compounds include filler(s) such as quartz, calcite, clay, talc, barite and/or Na-Al-silicate, and the like; pigments like TiO 2 , lithopone, and other inorganic pigments; dispersants such as polyphosphates, polyacrylates, phosphonates, naphthene and lignin sulfonates, to name a few; wetting agents, including anionic, cationic, amphoteric and/or non-ionic surfactants; defoamers such as, for example, silicon emulsions, hydrocarbons, and long-chain alcohols; stabilizers, including for example, mostly cationic compounds; coalescing agents including, without limitation, alkali-stable esters, glycols, and hydrocarbons; r
- Comparative samples "Comp. 1" and “Comp. 2” each comprised 10% photocatalytic titanium dioxide by volume, whereas no photocatalyst was present in the control sample.
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide used in Comp. 1 was PCS300 from Millennium Inorganic Chemicals.
- PCS300 is a photocatalytic titanium dioxide powder having an average crystallite size of about 5 to about 10 nm (nanometers).
- the photocatalytic titanium dioxide used in Comp. 2 was PC 105, also from Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, which has an average crystallite size of about 15-25 nm.
- PCS300 and PC 105 both have an anatase content of about 100%.
- the complete paint formulations are provided in Table 1.
- the remaining components of Table 1 are as follows:
- the thickener is a
- hydroxyethylcellulose sold under the designation NatrosolTM 250 MR (Hercules).
- FoammasterTM NXA is proprietary, sold by Henkel Corp.
- SetacarbTM 850 OG is a calcium carbonate filler obtained from Omya.
- AntiprexTM A is water-soluble polymer dispersant from Ciba Specialty Chemicals.
- TionaTM T595 is pigmentary titanium dioxide from Millennium Inorganic Chemicals.
- AcronalTM 290D is a styrene acrylic copolymer latex used as an organic binder available from BASF.
- AcronalTM 290D comprises 50% by weight solids in water.
- TexanolTM is an ester alcohol coalescing solvent sold by Eastman Kodak.
- Acticide SPX is a bacteriocide from Acti Chem Specialties Inc.
- Part A and Part B ingredients were separately mixed under high shear mixing. Part A was then added to Part B under high shear mixing to form the finished paints. Each paint sample is applied at a coverage of 770 g/m 2 (based on the dried weight of the coating) on a substrate and the substrates were submitted to the following tests. [0036] I — Determination of NO x Removal by Coatings
- the durability of the Comp. 2 paint is substantially identical to the durability of the less photoactive Comp. 1 paint after about 1,000 hours of exposure. This result was unexpected as it would have been anticipated that the more highly photoactive paint of Comp. 2 would have deteriorated substantially more rapidly than the less active Comp 1. under these conditions. It is noted that through 765 hours the % weight loss was marginally greater for the more active Comp. 1 paint with the maximum difference observed after about 451 hours. This is likely due to the fact that Comp. 1 has a much greater initial activity without pre-activation as compared to Comp. 2 (see Table 2). However, during weathering, both paints become fully activated, due to the presence of water, and the % weight loss is seen to converge at longer intervals. Over the entire period of accelerated weathering, Comp. 1 exhibited excellent durability which was comparable to Comp. 2. [0051] III — Determination of NOx Removal Under Different Light Sources
- the UV light was from a UV Lamp Model VL-6LM 365 & 312 nanometer wavelengths (BDH) as employed in part I of this Example.
- the fluorescent light was light produced from conventional indoor fluorescent strip lighting.
- the daylight was filtered through glass to provide an intensity of 2.4 microW/cm 2 .
- the incandescent light was provided by an Osram incandescent lamp.
- Table 5 The results shown in Table 5 demonstrate that the Comp. 1 paint displays substantial NOx removal activity, without pre-activation, under each of the lighting sources, whereas the Comp. 2 paint, in the absence of pre-activation, has no activity under fluorescent strip or incandescent lighting and insubstantial activity in daylight (2.4 micro W/cm 2 ). The excellent performance of the Comp.
- paints having photocatalyst crystallite sizes between about 5 and about 15 nm represent a preferred embodiment of the invention, including, for example, the paint designated Comp. 1 in Example 1 having a photocatalytic TiO 2 particle size of about 5-10 nm, the benefits of high PVC (pigment volume concentration) achievable through the use of a styrene acrylic binder are also seen, albeit more modestly, with less preferred titanium dioxide crystallite sizes (i.e., about 15 to about 50 nm).
- paints employing high levels of PC105 photocatalyst (about 15 nm to about 25 nm crystallite size) will also find utility in coatings for removing NO x .
- This example illustrates the efficacy of the paint designated Comp. 2 in
- Example 1 in removing pollutants under "real world" conditions.
- a corner of a parking garage was sealed off by constructing two walls to provide a 917 m 3 closed area with a ceiling height of 2.85 m.
- the 322 m 2 ceiling surface was coated with the Comp. 2 paint of Example 1 while the walls (existing and artificial) were covered with nylon.
- the photocatalytic paint was not pre-activated by washing with water.
- the enclosure was illuminated by twenty UV lamps fixed symmetrically 20 cm from the ceiling to provide a total UV irradiance of 1 W/m .
- the exhaust from a vehicle placed outside of the enclosure was connected by a pipe to the enclosed area such that exhaust gases were released 4.74 m inside the enclosure.
- Ventilation inlet and outlet was provided in the room through the artificial walls in order to maximize the concentration of pollutants near the ceiling and to provide an airflow and velocity of 566 m 3 /h and 14.3 m/h, respectively.
- the airflow and velocity of exhaust gas from the car were estimated to be 50.6 m 3 /h and 2 m/s, respectively, such that a positive pressure was maintained in the enclosed space in order to avoid the inflow of air from outside the enclosure.
- NO x exhaust gases from the car were continuously measured using a portable gas analyzer. NOx measurements were also taken continuously at the inlet and outlet ventilator and at a third sampling point near the ceiling about 15 m from the outlet ventilator.
- the UV lamps were turned on for four or five hours.
- the reduction in NO and NO 2 was measured as the difference between the steady state concentration and the final concentration after irradiation.
- the values were corrected for the decrease in NO concentration and the increase in NO 2 concentration in the car exhaust over the test period in order to isolate the contribution of the photocatalytic paint to the total reduction in these pollutants.
- the experiments were repeated over three consecutive days. On the fourth day, control measurements were taken in the absence of UV irradiation. The results are shown in Table 6 (% NO photocatalytic degradation) and Table 7 (% NO2 photocatalytic degradation).
- a styrene acrylic paint was prepared substantially as described in Example
- PC500 has a surface area of about 300 m 2 /g which translates to an average crystallite size of about 5 to about 10 nm.
- PC500 was included in the paint at a level of 8% by volume and the styrene acrylic binder comprised about 50% by volume. The ability of this paint to remove NOx without prior activation was studied as a function of UV intensity across a range of intensities from 0.5 W/m 2 to 8 W/m 2 according to the procedure described above in Example 1. The results are given in Table 8.
- Sample A represents styrene acrylic paint comprising PC500 photocatalyst without any sol topcoat.
- Samples B-G represent the paint of sample A having the indicated sol topcoat applied thereto.
- S53OOA is a photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol available from Millennium Inorganic Chemicals. It is an aqueous colloidal dispersions of ultrafine TiO 2 (anatase) peptised with acid at a pH of about 1.1 ( ⁇ 0.4), having a titanium dioxide content of about 20 ( ⁇ 2) % by weight, a density of about 1.2 g/ml, and a surface area greater than 250 m 2 /g by 5-point BET (on dried product).
- S5300B also available from Millennium Inorganic Chemicals, is also an aqueous colloidal dispersions of ultrafine TiO 2 (anatase) peptised with base at a pH of about 11.4 ( ⁇ 1), having a titanium dioxide content of about 17.5 ( ⁇ 2.5) % by weight, a density of about 1.1 g/ml, and a surface area greater than 250 m 2 /g by 5-point BET (on dried product).
- the various S53OOB sols in Table 9 were modified to have the indicated titanium dioxide contents on a weight basis.
- AW1610 is a sol comprising photocatalytic TiO 2 having an average crystallite size of about 3.6 nm, pH of 9.2, a density of about 1.00g/ml, and a TiO 2 content of about 0.25%.
- SP300N is a slurry of photocatalytic TiO 2 (about 17% by weight) having an average crystallite size of about 5-10 nm, pH of 7.0, and a density of about 1.15 g/ml.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (14)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ES08799003T ES2749876T3 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
MX2010002343A MX2010002343A (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating. |
CN200880109024.3A CN101815614B (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
EP08799003.2A EP2188125B1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
BRPI0816087-2A BRPI0816087B1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | SELF-CLEANING INK, METHOD FOR FORMING A SELF-CLEANING COOL ON A SUBSTRATE AND SUBSTRATE APPLIED TO EVEN A COATING SYSTEM |
NZ583555A NZ583555A (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic paint containing anatase, pigments, and a styrene acrylic copolymer binder |
EA201000409A EA019984B1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
JP2010523168A JP5450418B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
PL08799003T PL2188125T3 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
DK08799003.2T DK2188125T3 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | PHOTOCATALYTIC COATING |
AU2008292920A AU2008292920B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
CA2697821A CA2697821C (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
SI200832086T SI2188125T1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2008-08-29 | Photocatalytic coating |
MA32654A MA31636B1 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2010-02-25 | Photocatalyst coating |
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US11/848,972 US9358502B2 (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2007-08-31 | Photocatalytic coating |
US11/848,972 | 2007-08-31 |
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WO2009029854A1 true WO2009029854A1 (en) | 2009-03-05 |
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US (2) | US9358502B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2188125B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5450418B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101474529B1 (en) |
CN (2) | CN103937311B (en) |
AR (1) | AR068200A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008292920B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0816087B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2697821C (en) |
CO (1) | CO6260115A2 (en) |
CR (1) | CR11300A (en) |
DK (1) | DK2188125T3 (en) |
EA (1) | EA019984B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2749876T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1199053A1 (en) |
MA (1) | MA31636B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2010002343A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ583555A (en) |
PL (1) | PL2188125T3 (en) |
SA (1) | SA08290547B1 (en) |
SI (1) | SI2188125T1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI400309B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009029854A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201101691B (en) |
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DE102010001051B3 (en) * | 2010-01-20 | 2011-06-16 | Sachtleben Chemie Gmbh | Anatase white pigment with high light and weather resistance |
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