WO2009022293A2 - Structure de transmission variable pour des signaux de référence dans des messages de liaison montante - Google Patents

Structure de transmission variable pour des signaux de référence dans des messages de liaison montante Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009022293A2
WO2009022293A2 PCT/IB2008/053227 IB2008053227W WO2009022293A2 WO 2009022293 A2 WO2009022293 A2 WO 2009022293A2 IB 2008053227 W IB2008053227 W IB 2008053227W WO 2009022293 A2 WO2009022293 A2 WO 2009022293A2
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Prior art keywords
transmission scheme
transmission
intra
reference signals
time interval
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PCT/IB2008/053227
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English (en)
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WO2009022293A3 (fr
Inventor
Xiang Guang Che
Chun Yan Gao (Adele)
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Nokia Corporation
Nokia, Inc.
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Publication of WO2009022293A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009022293A2/fr
Publication of WO2009022293A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009022293A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0072—Error control for data other than payload data, e.g. control data
    • H04L1/0073—Special arrangements for feedback channel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/1607—Details of the supervisory signal

Definitions

  • the exemplary and non-limiting embodiments of this invention relate generally to wireless communications systems and, more specifically, relate to transmission/reception of reference sequences such as Zadoff Chu CAZAC sequences sent in messages from a user equipment to a network node, particularly ACKTNACK and CQI messages sent on an uplink control channel.
  • reference sequences such as Zadoff Chu CAZAC sequences sent in messages from a user equipment to a network node, particularly ACKTNACK and CQI messages sent on an uplink control channel.
  • LTE long term evolution also known as 3.9G
  • V-MIMO virtual multiple input/multiple output
  • the basic uplink transmission scheme is single-carrier transmission (SC-FDMA) with cyclic prefix to achieve uplink inter-user orthogonality and to enable efficient frequency-domain equalization at the receiver side.
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier transmission
  • Frequency-domain generation of the signal sometimes known as DFT-spread OFDM (DFT S-OFDM)
  • DFT S-OFDM DFT-spread OFDM
  • Zadoff-Chu CAZAC sequence has been agreed upon as the pilot sequence for the LTE UL.
  • ZC sequences and their modified versions i.e., truncated and/or extended ZC sequences
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • different ones of the UEs in a cell may multiplex their UL transmissions (e.g., non-data associated UL transmissions) on the same frequency and time resource (physical resource block/unit or PRB/PRU; currently 180 kHz in LTE).
  • the orthogonality of the ZC sequences enables the receiving Node B to discern the signals of the different UEs from one another.
  • Orthogonality is achieved by cyclically shifting the CAZAC mother or base code, so orthogonality between different code channels varies widely; the best orthogonality is achieved between the code channels which have the largest difference in cyclic shift domain whereas the worst orthogonality is between two adjacent cyclic shifts.
  • the same issue is related also to the cyclic shifts of block-level spreading codes (see document Rl -070394: "MULTIPLEXING OF L1/L2 CONTROL SIGNALS BETWEEN UES IN THE ABSENCE OF UL DATA"; Exhibit B of the priority document and referenced above).
  • FDD and TDD are considered in LTE, which uses two frame structures: frame structure 1 FSl and frame structure 2 FS2. Due to the difference in FDD versus TDD frame structure and duplex mode, some designs for FDD and TDD can be different, hi FDD, the structure for DL ACK/NACK signals transmitted in the UL PUCCH is generally agreed upon, and uses CAZAC sequence modulation and block spreading for ACK/NACK.
  • the design of the ACK/NACK transmission structure can also be different, hi TDD with FS2 and assuming the same CAZAC and block spreading structure for ACK transmission as in FDD, there are 9 OFDM symbols with a short CP. Therefore the multiplexing capacity is determined by the lesser of a) the number of OFDM symbols for R.S and b) the number of OFDM symbols for ACK/NACK. So assigning four or five OFDM symbols for RS and the others for ACK/NACK will give the largest capacity. Assuming a total of six cyclic shifts of the CAZAC sequence can be used, then the multiplexing capacity is 24 UEs.
  • the invention is a method that includes determining a speed of a user equipment, selecting a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for the user equipment based on the determined speed where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals, and signaling the user equipment an indication of the selected transmission scheme for a data non-associated uplink control transmission.
  • the speed can be determined by the network node itself by measurement or it may be determined from a speed indication received in signaling from the user equipment.
  • a memory storing computer-readable instructions executable by a processor for performing actions directed to determining a first or second transmission scheme for a user equipment.
  • the actions include determining a speed of a user equipment; selecting a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for the user equipment based on the determined speed, where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals; and signaling the user equipment an indication of the selected transmission scheme for a data non-associated uplink control transmission.
  • an apparatus that includes one of a processor configured to determine a speed of a user equipment and/or a receiver to receive from a user equipment a speed of the user equipment.
  • the processor is further configured to select a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for the user equipment based on the user equipment speed, where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals.
  • the apparatus also includes a transmitter that is configured to signal the user equipment an indication of the selected transmission scheme for data non-associated uplink control transmissions.
  • a method that includes receiving an indication whether to use a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for data-non-associated control signaling, where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals; and sending a data non-associated control message on an uplink control channel using the first or second transmission scheme according to the received indication.
  • a memory storing computer-readable instructions executable by a processor for performing actions directed to determining a first or second transmission scheme for a transmission.
  • the actions include receiving an indication whether to use a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for data-non-associated control signaling, where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals; and sending a data non-associated control message on an uplink control channel using the first or second transmission scheme according to the received indication.
  • an apparatus that includes a receiver and a transmitter.
  • the receiver is configured to receive an indication whether to use a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for data-non-associated control signaling, where the first transmission scheme uses intra- transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals.
  • the transmitter is configured to send a data non-associated control message on an uplink control channel using the first or second transmission scheme according to the received indication.
  • an apparatus that includes processing means and sending means.
  • the processing means is for determining from a received indication whether to use a first transmission scheme or a second transmission scheme for data-non-associated control signaling, where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme uses no intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals.
  • the sending means is for sending a data non-associated control message on an uplink control channel using the first or second transmission scheme according to the received indication.
  • the processing means includes a receiver and a processor, and the sending means includes a transmitter. As shown the illustrations, the transmitter and receiver may be implemented together as a transceiver.
  • Figure IA reproduces Figure 9.1.1-1 of3GPP TR 25.814, and shows frequency domain generation of the transmitted signal for the 3GPP LTE SC-FDMA UL.
  • Figure IB is an agreed CQI transmission structure in PUCCH for FDD and
  • Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram of various electronic devices that are suitable for use in practicing the exemplary embodiments of this invention.
  • Figures 3 A is an example of a frame structure showing RS for ACK without intra-TTI hopping according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 3B is an example of a frame structure showing RS for ACK with intra-
  • TTI hopping according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 4A-B are tables showing an exemplary resource mapping for the embodiment of Figures 3 A-B ( Figure 4A) and for symbol cyclic shift hopping for RS ( Figure 4B).
  • FIG. 5A-B illustrate two CQI transmission structures for TDD FS2, where
  • Figure 5A is RS with an orthogonal cover and Figure 5B is a RS with intra-TTI hopping and no cover.
  • Figure 6 is a graph of BLER versus signal to noise ratio SNR illustrating CQI transmission performance for various hop and spreading scenarios.
  • Figure 7 is a process flow diagram illustrating an exemplary aspect of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
  • the inventors have found that the performance of the four RS or five RS structure degrades greatly at high UE speed, e.g, 350km/h. Such speeds are not to be discounted in LTE as certain relay stations may be disposed in, for example, a high-speed train or the like.
  • the ACK/NACK transmission with intra-TTI hopping can improve the performance at high speed, but ACK/NACK multiplexing capacity will decrease by half as compared to non-hopping since fewer block spreading codes would be available. How to maximize the ACK/NACK multiplexing capacity while at the same time getting satisfactory performance for high speed UEs and UEs with a coverage problem is a problem addressed herein.
  • the inventors also studied the BLER performance of CQI with the agreed structure of Figure IB in TDD FS2 and found that if the UE speed is low, the five bit CQI transmitted with four RS and without intra-TTI hopping and with an orthogonal cover code in time gives better performance as compared with other schemes. However, if the UE speed is high as above, the orthogonality of the cover in time will be destroyed and the performance without the orthogonal cover and with intra-TTI hopping gives better performance. Results are shown at Figure 6 and detailed below.
  • a simple threshold may be used so that those UEs whose speed exceeds the threshold use no orthogonal cover and intra-TTI hopping for their data non-associated control signaling (UE transmissions of ACK/NACK/CQI that are sent on the UL without data) and those UEs whose speed is below the threshold use the orthogonal cover code and intra-TTI hopping for their data non-associated control signaling.
  • the nine OFDMs per TTI and the lesser symbol space noted above in background is seen to degrade the CQI transmission performance. For the fixed nine OFDM symbols per TDD TTI, there should be a tradeoff between the number of RS and the coding rate, both of which will affect the transmission BLER of CQI.
  • a wireless network 9 is adapted for communication with a UE 10 via a Node B (base station) 12.
  • the network 9 may include a serving gateway GW 14, or other radio controller function known in various systems as a radio network controller, a mobility management entity, or the like.
  • the UE 10 includes a data processor (DP) 1OA, a memory (MEM) 1OB that stores a program (PROG) 1OC, and a suitable radio frequency (RF) transceiver 1OD for bidirectional wireless communications over one or more links 16 via one or more antennas 1OE (one shown) with the Node B 12, which also includes a DP 12A, a MEM 12B that stores a PROG 12C, and a suitable RF transceiver 12D and at least one antenna 12E (one shown).
  • the Node B 12 maybe coupled via a data path 18 (e.g., Iub) to the serving or other GW 12, which itself includes a DP 14A coupled to a MEM 14B storing a PROG 14C.
  • the GW 14 may then be coupled via another data interface to a core network (not shown) as well as to other GWs.
  • a core network not shown
  • At least one of the PROGs 1OC, 12C and 14C is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated DP, enable the electronic device to operate in accordance with the exemplary embodiments of this invention, as will be discussed below in greater detail.
  • the exemplary embodiments of this invention may be implemented by computer software executable by the DP 1 OA of the UE 10 and the other DPs, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and/or firmware and hardware.
  • the various embodiments of the UE 10 can include, but are not limited to, cellular telephones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) having wireless communication capabilities, portable computers having wireless communication capabilities, image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities, gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities, music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities, internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.
  • PDAs personal digital assistants
  • portable computers having wireless communication capabilities
  • image capture devices such as digital cameras having wireless communication capabilities
  • gaming devices having wireless communication capabilities
  • music storage and playback appliances having wireless communication capabilities
  • internet appliances permitting wireless Internet access and browsing, as well as portable units or terminals that incorporate combinations of such functions.
  • the MEMs 1OB, 12B and 14B may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
  • the DPs 1OA, 12A and 14A may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on a multi-core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • an embodiment of this invention uses a hybrid structure of intra-TTI hopping and non-hopping for DL ACK/NACK transmitted in the PUCCH. Specifically:
  • an intra-TTI hopping structure is used for high speed UEs and a non-hopping structure is used for low speed UEs;
  • the intra-TTI hopping structure and the non-hopping structure are assigned different cyclic shifts of CAZAC in frequency domain.
  • the ACK resource may be signaled and mapped (implicitly) as follows, hi
  • the ACK/NAK resource is linked to the index of the control channel used for scheduling. That is, the UL scheduling grant is sent on a control channel in a DL subframe that maps by that index to the UL subframe being granted.
  • Such mapping is implicit, as seen in 3GPP TSG RAN WGl MEETING #49BIS; SIGNALING OF IMPLICIT ACK/NACK RESOURCES; Orlando, USA June 25-29, 2007; by Nokia Siemens Networks and Nokia, document Rl -73006 (Exhibit E of the priority document).
  • This indication can also be semi-statically configured together with the following semi-static parameters;
  • This field (exemplary 3 bits) is sent by the Node B to the UE and indicates how many cyclic shifts are used for hopping. It may be semi-static and need only be signaled when the number of cyclic shifts for that UE 's non- data associated UL signaling to the Node B changes. This field may therefore be transmitted in dynamic BCH or RRC signaling. With these two additional inputs, the calculation of the ACK resource can be done in a similar way as detailed at document Rl -73006: "SIGNALING OF IMPLICIT ACK/NACK RESOURCES (Exhibit E of the priority document and referenced above) with similar static and semi-static input parameters as follows.
  • num_t_shift number of cyclic shifts of block spreading code (e.g., 3 or 4)
  • shift_diffi cyclic shift difference between two implicit resources.
  • desired allocation order is e.g., [0, 3, 6, 9, ...]
  • shift_diff equals to 3.
  • the differences over the detail provided at document Rl-73006 are as follows.
  • ⁇ fHop_indication is sent as a semi-static parameter, then the Node B will separate scheduling grants for high speed UEs from those for low speed UEs in a different space, and the border between them can be known by the UE based on the Num_Hop parameter. Based on that the impl_resj ⁇ ohop and impl_res_hop parameters can be derived.
  • shift_t_Hop mod (floor( i_temp_Hop I num_f_shift_Hop), num_t_shift_Hop) (1)
  • shiftjj ⁇ op mod ( ijempjiop + shift_t_Hop + mod ( floor( impl_res_Hop * shift_diff/ num_res Hop ), shift_diff), numj_shiftj ⁇ op ), (2)
  • num resjioHop numjjshifl * numJ " _shift_noHop; (9)
  • iJempjioHop res_ lst _noHop+ (impljes noHop * shift jiiff); (10) numj " _shift -Numjlop; (11)
  • Patternjnd can be done in the same way as derivation of shift J " &s in equation (2) and (4) above for intra-TTI hopping and non-hopping UEs. Then the only change to the above algorithm is to change equations (2) and (4) as follows:
  • Pattern Jnd_Hop mod ( iJemp Hop + shiftjj ⁇ op + mod ( floor( impl_resjiop * shift jiiffl numjresjiop ), shift _diff), numj ⁇ _shiftjiop ), (2')
  • Patternjnd j ⁇ oHop NwnJIop+mod ( iJempjioHop + shiftj j ⁇ oHop+ mod ( floor( impl_res_noHop * shift jiiffl nurnjesjioHop ), shift _diff), numJ " _shiftj ⁇ oHop ), (4') [0045] Now is detailed one specific non-limiting example to illustrate implementation.
  • Figure 3A is an example of the RS structure for a non-hopping structure of the ACK/NACK resource transmitted in PUCCH and
  • Figure 3B is an example of the RS structure for an intra- TTI hopping structure.
  • the number of RSs is assumed to be five in both cases. Note that the RS position is for illustration and need not be exactly as depicted.
  • the ACK resource (shift_f and shift J) for the 6 UEs with the intra-TTI hopping structure and for the 12 UEs without the hopping structure can be calculated as in the table of Figure 4A.
  • the above embodiments balance the ACK/NACK multiplexing capacity and the ACK/ANCK transmission performance for high speed UEs. Further, a semi-implicit mapping is achieved with little additional signaling overhead.
  • the first transmission scheme uses no hopping and an orthogonal cover
  • the second transmissions scheme uses intra-TTI hopping without an orthogonal cover.
  • These two different transmissions are multiplexed by using different cyclic shifts.
  • the Node B Based on the UE status measurement (e.g., position, SESTR), the Node B will indicate the transmission pattern to the UE and also the cyclic shift, as detailed above in the solution for ACK/NACK signaling. Note that the RS position is just for illustration in Figures 5A-B.
  • the Node B Based on the measurement on the UL SINR and the UE's speed, the Node B will determine the transmission scheme for CQI to be reported by the UE.
  • the indication of which transmission will in one embodiment require at minimum one signaling bit, which may be sent from the Node B to the UE via RRC or in the UL scheduling grant.
  • Figure 6 shows a plot of BLER versus SNR (dB) for various combinations of intra-hop and spreading at different UE speeds (3 and 350 km/hr) for a five bit CQI indication sent in one resource block.
  • dB BLER versus SNR
  • embodiments of this invention provide, as generally detailed at Figure 7, a method, a device, a computer readable memory tangibly embodying a computer program that is executable by a processor, and/or an integrated circuit that operates to determine a speed of a user equipment (block 701 of Figure 7), and to signal the user equipment based on the determined speed to use a first or a second transmission scheme for its data non-associated uplink control transmissions (block 702 of Figure 7), where the first transmission scheme uses intra-transmission time interval hopping of reference signals and the second transmission scheme does not.
  • the first transmission scheme is for higher speed UEs and also there is a different cyclic shift among the two different transmission schemes.
  • the second transmission scheme uses an orthogonal cover code and the first transmission scheme does not.
  • the Node B maps the non-data associated uplink transmissions received from those UEs using the first transmission scheme to related control channel indices (block 705 of Figure 7), and separately maps the data non-associated uplink control transmissions received from those UEs using the second transmission scheme to related control channel indices (block 706 of Figure 7), where the data non-associated uplink control transmissions are ACK/NACK messages each in one PRB.
  • the Node B signals the user equipment to use the first transmission scheme with a first indication to hop and a second indication as to how many cyclic shifts to use for hopping (detail at block 702 of Figure 7).
  • a particular user equipment receives the indication(s) from the Node B (block 703 of Figure 7) and transmits its data non-associated control messages on a control channel according to the first or second transmission scheme and the received indication(s) (block 704 of Figure 7).
  • the various embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof.
  • some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto.
  • firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the invention is not limited thereto.
  • While various aspects of the invention may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • Embodiments of the inventions may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit modules.
  • the design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process.
  • Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.
  • Programs such as those provided by Synopsys, Inc. of Mountain View, California and Cadence Design, of San Jose, California automatically route conductors and locate components on a semiconductor chip using well established rules of design as well as libraries of pre-stored design modules.
  • the resultant design in a standardized electronic format (e.g., Opus, GDSII, or the like) may be transmitted to a semiconductor fabrication facility or "fab" for fabrication.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Un nœud B indique à un équipement utilisateur UE, sur la base de la vitesse d'UE, d'utiliser un premier ou un second schéma de transmission pour ses transmissions d'acquittement/non-acquittement/indicateur de qualité de canal (ACK/NACK/CQI). Le premier schéma de transmission est mieux approprié à des équipements utilisateurs de vitesse supérieure et utilise un saut intra-intervalle de temps de transmission (intra-TTI) de signaux de référence et aucun code de recouvrement orthogonal. Le second schéma de transmission n'utilise pas de saut intra-TTI et utilise un code de recouvrement orthogonal. Il y a un décalage cyclique différent parmi les différents schémas de transmission. Les équipements utilisateurs transmettent leur ACK/NACK/CQI avec le schéma qui leur a été indiqué. Le nœud B mappe les ACK/NACK/CQI reçus à partir de ces équipements utilisateurs utilisant le premier schéma de transmission à des indices de canal de commande apparentés, et mappe séparément les ACK/NACK/CQI reçus à partir des équipements utilisateurs utilisant le second schéma de transmission à des indices de canal de commande apparentés. Le nœud B peut signaler deux indications : l'une pour sauter ou pas; l'autre pour dire combien de décalages cycliques utiliser pour le saut.
PCT/IB2008/053227 2007-08-14 2008-08-12 Structure de transmission variable pour des signaux de référence dans des messages de liaison montante WO2009022293A2 (fr)

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