WO2009022100A1 - Composition contenant des particules de composé métallique - Google Patents

Composition contenant des particules de composé métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009022100A1
WO2009022100A1 PCT/GB2008/002660 GB2008002660W WO2009022100A1 WO 2009022100 A1 WO2009022100 A1 WO 2009022100A1 GB 2008002660 W GB2008002660 W GB 2008002660W WO 2009022100 A1 WO2009022100 A1 WO 2009022100A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
antiviral
composition
article
tungsten
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/002660
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul William Reip
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Intrinsiq Materials Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intrinsiq Materials Limited filed Critical Intrinsiq Materials Limited
Publication of WO2009022100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009022100A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
    • B22F1/145—Chemical treatment, e.g. passivation or decarburisation
    • B22F1/147—Making a dispersion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antiviral compositions comprising particles of tungsten and/or tungsten compounds, and products, methods and uses relating thereto.
  • the invention particularly relates to compositions comprising tungsten and its compounds for reducing and/or preventing the transmission of viruses.
  • Salts containing tungsten are known to have antiviral activity.
  • US 6,565,890 to Shigeta and Yamase discloses the use of heteropolyanions consisting of tungstoantimonate (III) vanadium-mixed metal oxide salts as antiviral drugs.
  • Jelikic-Stankov et al (“Compounds of Mo, V and W in biochemistry and their biomedical activity", Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 21, Issue 1, March 2007, Pages 8-16) report the use of polytungstosilicates for the in vitro inhibition of the leukaemia sarcoma virus.
  • an antiviral composition comprising particles of a tungsten compound of general formula W n X y , wherein X is a non-metal, a metalloid or an anion and wherein n is equal to 1 or 2 and wherein y is equal to O, 1, 2 or 3.
  • X is a non-metal, it is preferably selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. More preferably, X is a non-metal and the tungsten compound is selected from the group consisting of WO, WO 2 , WO 3 , WC and W 2 C. Even more preferably, the tungsten compound is tungsten carbide. If X is an anion, it is preferably selected so as to provide an insoluble or sparingly soluble salt in water and common organic solvents. Suitably, X is an anion selected from the group consisting of phosphate, carbonate and silicate.
  • X is a metalloid, it is preferably selected from the group consisting of silicon and tellurium.
  • the particles comprise a compound as defined above where y has the value 1, 2 or 3 and n varies according to the oxidation state of tungsten in the compound.
  • a composition comprising particles of tungsten metal and/or tungsten compounds have effective antiviral properties. Because the particles are insoluble or only sparingly soluble in solvents such as water, lower alcohols and acetone, they can be impregnated into materials such as polymers, used in applications such as surface coatings and liquid soaps, or otherwise used to provide a long-lasting or permanent antiviral substrate or article. The resulting article, coating, soap, suspension etc is able to destroy viruses on contact, thereby preventing and/or reducing transmission of the virus. Thus, the virus is destroyed prior to infection or, alternatively, the spread of infection is ameliorated.
  • compositions according to the invention have a lower toxicity compared with other possible antiviral agents.
  • particle is meant a solid particle which is not soluble, or only sparingly soluble, in solvents with which the particle might come into contact.
  • the solvent is water or organic solvents which are commonly used for cleaning, washing etc (such as, for example, lower alcohols and acetone).
  • the use of particles rather than soluble materials offers several advantages, including the ability to produce long-lasting or permanent coatings and better stability towards organics leaching from polymeric substrates.
  • Particles for use in compositions according to the present invention may be any size, but preferably comprise micron and/or submicron particles, and more preferably substantially comprise submicron particles.
  • submicron is generally meant particles having dimensions greater than nanometric dimensions, but less than about 1 ⁇ m, although submicron particles may have dimensions up to about 5 ⁇ m.
  • Submicron particles are preferred over micron size particles because they provide high efficacy and good specific surface area, and are also readily available and easy to handle and disperse.
  • the particles have an average particle size up to about 1 ⁇ m, more preferably up to about 2 ⁇ m, even more preferably up to about 3 ⁇ m and most preferably up to about 5 ⁇ m.
  • the average particle size suitably lies in the range 0.5 ⁇ m to about 5 ⁇ m, more suitably from about 0.6 ⁇ m to about 4 ⁇ m and even more suitably from about 0.7 ⁇ m to about 3 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size distribution by volume substantially comprises particles of size greater than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the particles may be of a similar size to, smaller than or larger than any given target virus or viruses.
  • the particles are in the form of powders, which may be applied to a surface or an article.
  • the particles may also be dispersed in a liquid suspension or incorporated into a matrix such as, for example, sol-gels, coatings, or polymers, either in the form of solid components, fibres or foams.
  • the particles may be agglomerated or in free association.
  • the composition comprises tungsten metal particles doped, using known methods, with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of silicon, boron, phosphorous, arsenic, sulphur and gallium, and/or alloyed with one or more elements selected from the group consisting of aluminium, carbon, manganese, magnesium, nickel, tin, copper, titanium, tungsten, silver, iron and zinc.
  • mixed particles may be composed of different elements as follows:
  • the composition is a mixed composition comprising particles of W n X y , where the definition W n Xy includes doped and/or alloyed tungsten metal as described above, and one or more further particles.
  • the one or more further particles may be selected from at least one oxide, preferably an oxide having antimicrobial and/or antifungal properties.
  • the oxide is at least one of the following oxides : TiO 2 , Cu 2 O, CuO, ZnO, NiO, Al 2 O 3 , FeO 5 Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , ZrO 2 or Si 2 O 3 , or a combination thereof.
  • a mixed composition comprising tungsten carbide and TiO 2 particles is particularly preferred.
  • the one or more further particles may be an environmental catalyst such as, for example, ZnO or TiO 2 .
  • a mixed composition may alternatively comprise one or more compounds of general formula W n X y as described above, together with additional elements selected from the group consisting of: boron, carbon, aluminium, silicon, phosphorous, calcium, titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, silver, zinc, copper, sulfur, nickel, gold, zirconium, ytterbium, or a combination thereof.
  • Mixed particle compositions may be produced by any suitable method, such as, for example, tumble-mixing, co-deposition or mechanical alloying, or by co-production. This may result in a composition substantially comprising submicron particles, both micron/micron sized particles or combinations of micron and submicron particles, with or without additional agglomeration.
  • the W n Xy particles may be prepared as layered (core/shell) particles comprising an outer shell of tungsten metal or a tungsten compound in accordance with the invention and an inner shell of another material.
  • particles having a core of tungsten metal with an outer shell of a tungsten compound, preferably tungsten carbide or tungsten oxide, can be used.
  • Particles of tungsten metal and tungsten compounds can be synthesized by any suitable method and such methods are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • suitable methods are thermal processes such as gas phase reduction of large particles, grinding and milling (where the ultimate size depends upon the size, morphology and composition of the grinding medium, process variables, design and operation of the mill etc) and inflight chemical processes using reaction vessels. All of these processes can be tuned to deliver a variation of particle size, in some cases resulting in pure materials, in others requiring additional post processing to deliver the required materials.
  • the reduction and/or prevention of virus transmission may be defined as a reduction on viral titre of at least 90% following administration of a composition of particles as defined herein to a preparation of virus.
  • the reduction on viral titre is at least 93%, 94% or 95%, most preferably 98%, 99% or 100%. Reduction and/or prevention of virus transmission is demonstrated by the inactivation of virus upon contact with the particles.
  • a reduction in viral titre of 70% or less is not an effective reduction sufficient to avoid infection.
  • the present invention provides a means for reducing viral titre such that infection is prevented or avoided to a significant extent.
  • Viral titre is a quantification of the number of virus particles in a given sample. It may be performed by using the haemagglutination assay (HA). Viral families have surface or envelope proteins that are able to agglutinate animal red blood cells (RBCs) and bind to N-acetylneuraminic acid residues on the cell surface of the RBCs. The RBC forms a type of lattice following viral binding which can be quantified.
  • the HA procedure is an easy, simple and rapid method which is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the detailed assay conditions depend on the type of virus, some viruses binding RBCs only at certain pH values and others at certain ionic strengths. However, these are well known to the skilled person and can be readily identified according to the virus in question. A virus dilution is applied to an RBC dilution for a suitable period of time under appropriate conditions. Subsequently, the formation of lattices will be counted and the titre calculated.
  • the end point of the haemagglutination assay is defined as the lowest contraction of the virus (highest diluents) that still caused haemagglutination.
  • the titre of the virus is recorded as haemagglutination units (HAV) and is directly related to the dilution in the end point of well.
  • the present invention provides a means to reduce the viral titre of a virus.
  • the virus is selected from the group consisting of Influenza, Measles, Coronavirus, Mumps,
  • SARS virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome virus or SARS virus (also referred to as SARS coronavirus), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HFV), and associated non-human animal immunodeficiency retroviruses such as Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV), Rotavirus, Norwalk virus and Adenovirus.
  • SARS coronavirus also referred to as SARS coronavirus
  • HBV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  • SIV Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
  • Rotavirus Norwalk virus
  • Norwalk virus includes its surrogate Feline
  • Influenza viruses include both human and avian forms of the virus. Foot- and-Mouth virus is also a preferred target virus.
  • the antiviral composition may be formulated in an appropriate carrier, coating or solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, water soluble polymer adhesives, such as polyvinyl acetate (PVA), epoxy resin, polyesters etc, as well as coupling agents and antistatic agents. Solutions of biological materials may also be used such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or simulated biological fluid (SBF).
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • SBF simulated biological fluid
  • concentration of particles in the solution may lie in the range of from 0.001% (wt) to about 20% (wt).
  • a composition according to the invention can be used in powder form, either coated onto or impregnated into a surface or article, or mixed with an absorbent powder such as Fullers earth or sand.
  • Reduction and/or prevention of virus transmission includes the prevention of viral infection of a subject with a virus, in addition to the prevention of viral transmission from a first location to a second location, for example from an external space to an internal lumen, or the prevention of viral transmission through a barrier material.
  • the subject may be a human or a non-human animal, suitably a non-human mammal.
  • the present invention may therefore find application in the fields of human medicine and animal veterinary medicine as well as in the field of infection control in a non-medical context, such as a prophylactic against viral transmission or against such diseases as Foot-and- Mouth.
  • compositions according to the present invention can be applied to enclosed ventilation fabrics for public buildings, hospitals, and modes of transport such as vehicles, cars, trains, ships and aeroplanes.
  • the compositions may also find use in medical applications, such as in filtering materials, i.e. in filtration of biological fluids such as plasma, blood, milk, semen etc to inactivate virus.
  • the antiviral particles may be coated onto fabrics and surfaces of different products such as furniture, paints/coatings, book covers, computer keyboard in order to produce products and surfaces with antiviral properties.
  • Such products will provide a low cost virus-free environment for hospitals, children, patients and the elderly.
  • Further uses may include air ventilation systems for enclosed environments such as passenger aeroplanes, large buses and cars, for preventing the entry or outlet of particles of airborne influenza viruses and other infectious viruses.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides an article and/or antiviral surface coated or impregnated with an antiviral composition as described above.
  • at least one active surface of the article and/or surface i.e. a surface which comes into contact with virus-bearing objects or media, is coated or impregnated with the composition.
  • protective clothing may comprise fabrics and/or fibres coated with the antiviral composition and the exposed surface of filters may be coated with the composition.
  • the coating and/or impregnation process may be any suitable method, such as, for example, spray coating, electro-spray coating, dipping or plasma coating.
  • the article may be selected from the group consisting of filters, face masks, surgical masks, respirator masks, hats, hoods, trousers, shirts, gloves, skirts, boiler-suits, surgical gowns, medical and vetinary devices and prophylactic devices.
  • surfaces that are routinely contacted by people, especially in communal areas, such as, for example, toilets, doors, handles, buttons, switches, keyboards etc, may be coated and/or impregnated with the composition.
  • areas of food preparation and utensils or equipment used therein may be coated with a compound according to the invention, such as, for example, chopping boards, knives, bowls, surfaces etc.
  • Filters may be prepared from any suitable natural or artificial material.
  • the filter may be an air filter.
  • An air filter is a device which removes contaminants, often solid particles from air. Air filters are often used in diving air compressors, ventilation systems and any other situation in which air quality is important, such as in air-conditioning units.
  • An air filter includes devices which filter air in an enclosed space such as a building or a room, as well as apparatus or chambers for handling viral materials. Other articles which perform a protective function such as curtains or screens may therefore also be considered as air filters.
  • Air filters may be composed of paper, foam, cotton filters, or spun fibreglass filter elements. Alternatively, the air filter may use fibers or elements with a static electric charge. There are four main types of mechanical air filters: paper, foam, synthetics and cotton.
  • Polyester fiber can be used to make web formations used for air filtration. Polyester can be blended with cotton or other fibers to produce a wide range of performance characteristics. In some cases polypropylene may be used. Tiny synthetic fibers knows as micro-fibers may be used in many types of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters. High performance air filters may use oiled layers of cotton gauze.
  • HEPA high efficiency particulate air
  • the filter may be used to filter liquids.
  • Such filters may be composed of any suitable fibre as described above. Filters used to filter liquids may be used to filter potable liquids for human or animal consumption, water for general domestic use, fluids for medical use, such as plasma or saline solutions, or pharmaceutical formulations for injection, or other biological liquids which may come into contact with a patient.
  • Articles of protective clothing are suitably composed of fibres which are coated with a composition of particles as defined above.
  • the article of protective clothing may be a face mask. Such masks may cover the whole face of the user or a part thereof, suitably the external areas of the nose and/or mouth of the wearer.
  • the article of protective clothing may be prepared from any suitable fibre or fabric and may comprise natural and/or artificial fibres.
  • Suitable natural fibres include cotton, wool, cellulose (including paper materials), silk, hair, jute, hemp, sisal, flex, wood, bamboo, metal or carbon.
  • Suitable artificial fibres include polyester, rayon, nylon, Kevlar ® , lyocell (Tencell ® ), polyethylene, polypropylene, polyimide, polymethyl methacrylate, poly (carboxylato phenoxy) phosphazene (PCPP), fibre glass (glass) or ceramics.
  • the article of clothing may be selected from the group consisting of face masks (surgical masks, respirator masks), hats, hoods, trousers, shirts, gloves, skirts, boiler suits and surgical gowns (scrubs). Such clothing may find particular use in a hospital where control of infection is of paramount importance.
  • the articles of clothing or filters may be made of mixed fibres from any source as described above.
  • a face mask or a filter may be composed of a fibrous material which has been coated with a particle composition as defined herein.
  • compositions, surface or article as described above for reducing and/or preventing virus transmission.
  • the tungsten compound is tungsten carbide, more preferably the tungsten carbide takes the form of substantially submicron particles and even more preferably the tungsten carbide takes the form of particles having an average size in the range 0.7 ⁇ m to 3 ⁇ m and/or a particle size distribution by volume substantially comprising particles of size greater than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • a method for the reduction and/or prevention of virus transmission comprising the step of applying to an article or surface a composition comprising particles of a tungsten compound of general formula W n Xy, wherein X is a non-metal, a metalloid or an anion and wherein n is equal to 1 or 2 and wherein y is equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3.
  • X is a non-metal, it is preferably selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon. More preferably, X is a non-metal and the tungsten compound is selected from the group consisting of WO, WO 2 , WO 3 , WC and W 2 C. Even more preferably, the tungsten compound is tungsten carbide.
  • X is an anion, it is preferably selected so as to provide an insoluble or sparingly soluble salt in water and common organic solvents.
  • X is an anion selected from the group consisting of phosphate, carbonate and silicate.
  • X is a metalloid, it is preferably selected from the group consisting of silicon or tellurium.
  • the present invention also provides the use of mixed particles compositions for reducing and/or preventing virus transmission. Such mixed particles of the invention may also be used in methods, articles and surfaces described above.
  • a sample of 99.5% tungsten carbide supplied by Alfa Aesar having a nominal particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m was tested for antiviral activity against the H5N1 Influenza NIBRG- 14 virus, using the HA procedure and Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells.
  • Particle size analysis showed that substantially all of the volume fraction of the sample comprised particles having a size greater than 0.5 ⁇ m and that the average particle size by volume was between 0.7 ⁇ m and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the amount of virus tested against in the "reaction mixture” was 10 6 5 TCID 50 ZmI (Tissue Culture Infective Units).
  • the virus was diluted in distilled water and then added to the tungsten carbide particles to form the "reaction mixture”.
  • the reaction mixture was lightly vortexed (mixed) at room temperature and then incubated for a further 30 minutes at room temperature while being shaken on a plate shaker to ensure continual contact of the tungsten carbide particles with the virus particles.
  • the reaction mixtures were centrifuged to separate the tungsten carbide particles from the virus and then added to cell maintenance media in preparation for infecting the MDCK cells.
  • the virus was then quantified by making serial dilutions of the reaction mixture on MDCK cells to generate the "infective" titre (Log ⁇ o TCID 50 ZmI).
  • a "negative control” no tungsten carbide mixed with the virus
  • a "positive control” of citric acid a solution with a pH of approximately 3.5
  • the effect of the tungsten carbide particles on the virus is shown in Table 1 as reduction in virus titre (% and LOg 10 TCIDso/ml), together with the results for the positive and negative controls. Comparing the amount of virus in the negative control (virus but no tungsten carbide sample) with the reaction mixture containing the tungsten carbide sample gives the reduction in amount of infective virus (shown as Log 10 TCID 5 o/ml or %), which reduction is close to the detectable limits of the assay. The positive control (low pH) reduced the infectivity of the virus to below detectable limits of the assay such that no virus was observed to remain.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une composition antivirale contenant des particules d'un composé de tungstène représenté par la formule générale WnXy5 dans laquelle X est un non-métal, un métalloïde ou un anion, dans laquelle n est égal à 1 ou 2 et dans laquelle y est égal à 0, 1, 2 ou 3. Si X est un non-métal, il est de préférence choisi parmi le groupe constitué d'oxygène, d'azote et de carbone. Mieux encore, X est un non-métal et le composé de tungstène est choisi parmi le groupe constitué de WO, WO2, WO3, WC et W2C et, idéalement, le composé de tungstène est du carbure de tungstène. Si X est un anion, il est de préférence choisi de manière à fournir un sel insoluble ou peu soluble dans l'eau et les solvants organiques communs. X peut également être un anion choisi parmi le groupe constitué de phosphate, de carbonate et de silicate, ou un métalloïde choisi parmi le groupe constitué de silicium ou de tellure. De préférence, les particules sont de taille submicronique. L'invention propose également un article et des surfaces revêtus ou imprégnés de composition antivirales, et des procédés et des utilisations s'y rapportant.
PCT/GB2008/002660 2007-08-11 2008-08-05 Composition contenant des particules de composé métallique WO2009022100A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0715728.2 2007-08-11
GB0715728A GB2451824A (en) 2007-08-11 2007-08-11 Antiviral composition comprising particles of a tungsten compound

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WO2009022100A1 true WO2009022100A1 (fr) 2009-02-19

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WO1992012827A1 (fr) * 1991-01-25 1992-08-06 Carbide Tools International A/S Bande de sablage
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IVANKOVIC S ET AL: "PHOTOKILLING SQUAMOUS CARCINOMA CELLS SCCVII WITH ULTRAFINE PARTICLES OF SELECTED METAL OXIDES", JOURNAL OF SOL-GEL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SPRINGER, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 27, no. 2, 1 June 2003 (2003-06-01), pages 225 - 233, XP001167798, ISSN: 0928-0707 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011018899A1 (fr) * 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 株式会社 東芝 Matériel antiviral et film, fibre, et produit l'utilisant
JPWO2011018899A1 (ja) * 2009-08-12 2013-01-17 株式会社東芝 抗ウイルス性材料とそれを用いた膜、繊維および製品
US8741349B2 (en) 2009-08-12 2014-06-03 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Antiviral material , antiviral film, antiviral fiber, and antiviral product
JP5780960B2 (ja) * 2009-08-12 2015-09-16 株式会社東芝 抗ウイルス性材料とそれを用いた膜および製品
JP2015193973A (ja) * 2009-08-12 2015-11-05 株式会社東芝 抗ウイルス性繊維
US10327445B2 (en) 2009-08-12 2019-06-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Antiviral material, antiviral film, antiviral fiber, and antiviral product

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GB2451824A (en) 2009-02-18

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