WO2009022036A1 - Valve with overhead inverted seat and inverted camshaft - Google Patents

Valve with overhead inverted seat and inverted camshaft Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009022036A1
WO2009022036A1 PCT/ES2008/000340 ES2008000340W WO2009022036A1 WO 2009022036 A1 WO2009022036 A1 WO 2009022036A1 ES 2008000340 W ES2008000340 W ES 2008000340W WO 2009022036 A1 WO2009022036 A1 WO 2009022036A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
inverted
seat
cylinder head
distribution shaft
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2008/000340
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José Marin Romero
Original Assignee
Marin Romero Jose
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marin Romero Jose filed Critical Marin Romero Jose
Priority to EP08761584A priority Critical patent/EP2187006A4/en
Publication of WO2009022036A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009022036A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L1/0532—Camshafts overhead type the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/10—Connecting springs to valve members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L2003/25—Valve configurations in relation to engine
    • F01L2003/258—Valve configurations in relation to engine opening away from cylinder

Definitions

  • the present invention aims to present a new valve with the seat inverted in the cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft of an internal combustion engine, so that improvements in its overall performance are obtained.
  • Another known effect is the problems derived from the breakage of the chain-timing belt where, in general, a general engine breakage occurs due to the normal constitution of the internal combustion engines, where the valves are in contact with the pistons .
  • the breakage of the springs that keep the valves pressed also causes a general engine failure, including the breakage thereof.
  • the inverted seat valve in the cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft is presented for all kinds of internal combustion engines.
  • This valve comprises, at least: an inverted cylinder head seat, where the support base of the valve is located inside the intake and exhaust nozzles, valve with the seat inverted on the outer face and contrary to the rod, a rod, in general of a larger diameter of conventional valves and also shorter, a spring, this being only located in the intake valve, and which in general is subjected to a lower pressure than in conventional systems known in the state of the art, a support cartridge of the system, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the valve without the need to disassemble the cylinder head, a distribution axis with inverted cam, round with plane for the actuation of the valves, which allow to travel and open and close time without problems.
  • the operation of the valve is based on the opening and closing by the eccentric of the distribution shaft, maintaining the closure on the seat of the cylinder head by the circular diameter of the eccentric, allowing the valve to open, when the plane thereof allows The valve open.
  • no spring is required, since the compression of the piston is used after the explosion to open the valve at the passage of the opening of the distribution shaft and closing it by the same, although a low spring can be mounted pressure to help in the speed of opening. In the case of admission, this opening will be made by a spring that will help the passage of the eccentric opening.
  • the pistons do not have to have the head with extreme shapes, they can be flat, since not having the problem of the valves in the cylinder, it does not have the problem derived from the configuration, or from the compression thereof, or from the scanning of the gases.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the valve object of the present invention.
  • the valve object of the invention comprises, at least: an inverted cylinder head seat (7), where the support base of the valve (6) is located inside the nozzles of intake and exhaust (3), valve (6) with the seat inverted on the outer face and contrary to the rod, a rod (2), in general of a larger diameter of conventional valves and also shorter, a spring (4) , this being only located in the intake valve, and which in general is subjected to a lower pressure than in conventional systems known in the state of the art, a system support cartridge (5), which facilitates assembly and Disassembly of the valve without the need to disassemble the engine cylinder head, a distribution shaft (1) with inverted cam, round with plane for the actuation of the valves, which allow for trouble-free opening and closing time and travel.
  • the operation of the valve is based on the opening and closing by the eccentric of the distribution shaft, maintaining the closure on the seat of the cylinder head by the circular diameter of the eccentric, allowing the valve to open, when the plane thereof allows The valve open.
  • no spring is required, since the compression of the piston is used after the explosion to open the valve at the passage of the opening of the distribution shaft and closing it by the same, although a low spring can be mounted pressure to help in the speed of opening. In the case of admission, this opening will be made by a spring that will help the passage of the eccentric opening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a valve with an overhead inverted seat and inverted camshaft, comprising at least: one inverted overhead seat (7), in which the supporting base of the valve (6) is located inside the intake and exhaust nozzles (3); a valve (6) having an inverted seat on the outer face, counter to the rod (2); a spring (4) located in the intake valve; a system supporting cartridge (5); and a camshaft (1) having an inverted round cam with a flat surface for actuating the valves.

Description

VÁLVULA DE ASIENTO INVERTIDO EN CULATA Y EJE DE DISTRIBUCIÓN INVERTIDO SEAT VALVE REVERSED IN HEAD AND REVERSED SHAFT
Objeto de Ia invención. " La presente invención tiene por objeto presentar una nueva válvula con el asiento invertido en Ia culata y eje distribución invertido de un motor de combustión interna, de tal forma que se obtengan mejoras en su rendimiento general.Object of the invention. "The present invention aims to present a new valve with the seat inverted in the cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft of an internal combustion engine, so that improvements in its overall performance are obtained.
Antecedentes de Ia invención. Son conocidos distintos tipos de válvulas usadas en motores de combustión interna. Estas válvulas, en general, presentan una serie de deficiencias en su funcionamiento y rendimiento. Una de las deficiencias más comunes es Ia rotura de Ia válvula en el descabezamiento del eje, y que en determinados casos y, dependiendo del tipo de válvula, puede llegar a provocar Ia rotura de los pistones, las bielas y culata.Background of the invention. Different types of valves used in internal combustion engines are known. These valves, in general, have a series of deficiencies in their operation and performance. One of the most common deficiencies is the rupture of the valve in the decapitation of the shaft, and that in certain cases and, depending on the type of valve, can cause the rupture of the pistons, the connecting rods and the cylinder head.
Otro efecto conocido son los problemas derivados de Ia rotura de Ia cadena- correa de distribución donde, en general, se produce una rotura general del motor debido a Ia constitución normal de los motores de combustión interna, donde las válvulas están en contacto con los pistones. En las válvulas conocidas, Ia rotura de los muelles que mantienen a las válvulas presionadas, provoca igualmente un fallo general del motor, incluyendo Ia rotura del mismo.Another known effect is the problems derived from the breakage of the chain-timing belt where, in general, a general engine breakage occurs due to the normal constitution of the internal combustion engines, where the valves are in contact with the pistons . In known valves, the breakage of the springs that keep the valves pressed also causes a general engine failure, including the breakage thereof.
Descripción de Ia invención.Description of the invention.
Para paliar los problemas arriba mencionados, se presenta Ia válvula de asiento invertido en culata Y eje distribución invertido para toda clase de motores de combustión interna. Esta válvula comprende, al menos: un asiento en culata invertido, donde Ia base de apoyo de Ia válvula se encuentra situada por el interior de las toberas de admisión y escape, válvula con el asiento invertido en Ia cara exterior y contraria al vastago, un vastago, en general de un mayor diámetro de las válvulas convencionales y también más corto, un muelle, estando éste únicamente situado en Ia válvula de admisión, y que en general está sometido a una menor presión que en los sistemas convencionales conocidos en el estado de Ia técnica, un cartucho de soporte del sistema, el cual facilita el montaje y desmontaje de la válvula sin necesidad de desmontar Ia culata del motor, un eje de distribución con leva invertida, redonda con plano para el accionamiento de las válvulas, que permiten dar recorrido y tiempo de apertura y cierre sin problemas.To alleviate the above-mentioned problems, the inverted seat valve in the cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft is presented for all kinds of internal combustion engines. This valve comprises, at least: an inverted cylinder head seat, where the support base of the valve is located inside the intake and exhaust nozzles, valve with the seat inverted on the outer face and contrary to the rod, a rod, in general of a larger diameter of conventional valves and also shorter, a spring, this being only located in the intake valve, and which in general is subjected to a lower pressure than in conventional systems known in the state of the art, a support cartridge of the system, which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the valve without the need to disassemble the cylinder head, a distribution axis with inverted cam, round with plane for the actuation of the valves, which allow to travel and open and close time without problems.
El funcionamiento de Ia válvula está basado en Ia apertura y cierre por Ia excéntrica del eje de distribución, manteniendo el cierre sobre el asiento de Ia culata por el diámetro circular de Ia excéntrica, dejando abrir Ia válvula, cuando el plano de Ia misma permite que Ia válvula abra. En Ia válvula de escape no se precisa muelle, ya que se aprovecha Ia compresión del pistón después de Ia explosión para abrir Ia válvula al paso de Ia abertura del eje de distribución y cerrando ésta por el mismo, aunque se puede montar un muelle de baja presión para ayuda en Ia rapidez de Ia apertura. En el caso de Ia admisión, esta apertura se hará por un muelle que ayudará al paso de abertura de Ia excéntrica.The operation of the valve is based on the opening and closing by the eccentric of the distribution shaft, maintaining the closure on the seat of the cylinder head by the circular diameter of the eccentric, allowing the valve to open, when the plane thereof allows The valve open. In the exhaust valve no spring is required, since the compression of the piston is used after the explosion to open the valve at the passage of the opening of the distribution shaft and closing it by the same, although a low spring can be mounted pressure to help in the speed of opening. In the case of admission, this opening will be made by a spring that will help the passage of the eccentric opening.
De esta constitución y funcionamiento derivan las siguientes ventajas: Evita Ia rotura de las válvulas cuando se descabeza el eje, por su posibilidad de refuerzo en el eje, y porque Ia cabeza de las válvulas no irían al interior del cilindro. - No hay contacto entre las válvulas y los pistones, de este modo, en caso de rotura de Ia cadena- Correa de distribución, se produciría Ia parada del motor, pero no su rotura.The following advantages derive from this constitution and operation: It avoids the breakage of the valves when the shaft is beheaded, due to its possibility of reinforcement in the shaft, and because the valve head would not go inside the cylinder. - There is no contact between the valves and the pistons, in this way, in case of breakage of the chain- Timing belt, the engine would stop, but not its breakage.
Mejora el roce entre los distintos elementos que componen Ia válvula y el conjunto motor. - El aprovechamiento de Ia combustión es mucho más eficaz, ya que los gases no se encuentran en su camino de entrada en Ia admisión, como en Ia salida de escape con el eje de las válvulas. Es posible hacer Ia apertura tan amplia como se desee sin el problema que toque el pistón.It improves the friction between the different elements that make up the valve and the motor assembly. - The use of combustion is much more efficient, since the gases are not in their path of entry into the intake, as in the exhaust outlet with the axis of the valves. It is possible to make the opening as wide as desired without the problem touching the piston.
Los pistones no tienen que tener Ia cabeza con formas extremadas, pueden ser planos, ya que al no tener el problema de las válvulas en el cilindro, no tiene el problema derivado de Ia configuración, ni de Ia compresión del mismo, ni del barrido de los gases.The pistons do not have to have the head with extreme shapes, they can be flat, since not having the problem of the valves in the cylinder, it does not have the problem derived from the configuration, or from the compression thereof, or from the scanning of the gases.
Breve descripción de los dibujos. A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor Ia invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta.Brief description of the drawings. Then a series of drawings is described very briefly that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example of this.
La figura 1 es una vista esquemática en planta de Ia válvula objeto de Ia presente invención.Figure 1 is a schematic plan view of the valve object of the present invention.
Realización preferente de Ia invención.Preferred embodiment of the invention.
Como se puede observar en Ia figura adjunta, Ia válvula objeto de Ia invención comprende, al menos: un asiento en culata invertido (7), donde Ia base de apoyo de Ia válvula (6) se encuentra situada por el interior de las toberas de admisión y escape (3), válvula (6) con el asiento invertido en Ia cara exterior y contraria al vastago, un vastago (2), en general de un mayor diámetro de las válvulas convencionales y también más corto, un muelle (4), estando éste únicamente situado en Ia válvula de admisión, y que en general está sometido a una menor presión que en los sistemas convencionales conocidos en el estado de Ia técnica, un cartucho de soporte del sistema (5), el cual facilita el montaje y desmontaje de Ia válvula sin necesidad de desmontar Ia culata del motor, un eje de distribución (1 ) con leva invertida, redonda con plano para el accionamiento de las válvulas, que permiten dar recorrido y tiempo de apertura y cierre sin problemas.As can be seen in the attached figure, the valve object of the invention comprises, at least: an inverted cylinder head seat (7), where the support base of the valve (6) is located inside the nozzles of intake and exhaust (3), valve (6) with the seat inverted on the outer face and contrary to the rod, a rod (2), in general of a larger diameter of conventional valves and also shorter, a spring (4) , this being only located in the intake valve, and which in general is subjected to a lower pressure than in conventional systems known in the state of the art, a system support cartridge (5), which facilitates assembly and Disassembly of the valve without the need to disassemble the engine cylinder head, a distribution shaft (1) with inverted cam, round with plane for the actuation of the valves, which allow for trouble-free opening and closing time and travel.
El funcionamiento de Ia válvula está basado en Ia apertura y cierre por Ia excéntrica del eje de distribución, manteniendo el cierre sobre el asiento de Ia culata por el diámetro circular de Ia excéntrica, dejando abrir Ia válvula, cuando el plano de Ia misma permite que Ia válvula abra. En Ia válvula de escape no se precisa muelle, ya que se aprovecha Ia compresión del pistón después de Ia explosión para abrir Ia válvula al paso de Ia abertura del eje de distribución y cerrando ésta por el mismo, aunque se puede montar un muelle de baja presión para ayuda en Ia rapidez de Ia apertura. En el caso de Ia admisión, esta apertura se hará por un muelle que ayudará al paso de abertura de Ia excéntrica. The operation of the valve is based on the opening and closing by the eccentric of the distribution shaft, maintaining the closure on the seat of the cylinder head by the circular diameter of the eccentric, allowing the valve to open, when the plane thereof allows The valve open. In the exhaust valve no spring is required, since the compression of the piston is used after the explosion to open the valve at the passage of the opening of the distribution shaft and closing it by the same, although a low spring can be mounted pressure to help in the speed of opening. In the case of admission, this opening will be made by a spring that will help the passage of the eccentric opening.

Claims

Reivindicaciones Claims
1.- Válvula de asiento invertido en culata y eje de distribución invertido, caracterizada porque comprende, al menos: un asiento en culata invertido (7), donde Ia base de apoyo de Ia válvula (6) se encuentra situada por el interior de las toberas de admisión y escape (3), válvula (6) con el asiento invertido en Ia cara exterior y contraria al vastago, un vastago (2), en general de un mayor diámetro de las válvulas convencionales y también más corto, un muelle (4), estando éste únicamente situado en Ia válvula de admisión, y que en general está sometido a una menor presión que en los sistemas convencionales conocidos en el estado de Ia técnica, un cartucho de soporte del sistema (5), el cual facilita el montaje y desmontaje de Ia válvula sin necesidad de desmontar Ia culata del motor, un eje de distribución (1 ) con leva invertida, redonda con plano para el accionamiento de las válvulas, que permiten dar recorrido y tiempo de apertura y cierre sin problemas.1.- Inverted seat valve in cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft, characterized in that it comprises, at least: an inverted cylinder head seat (7), where the support base of the valve (6) is located inside the intake and exhaust nozzles (3), valve (6) with the seat inverted on the outer face and contrary to the rod, a rod (2), in general of a larger diameter of conventional valves and also shorter, a spring ( 4), this being only located in the intake valve, and which in general is subjected to a lower pressure than in the conventional systems known in the state of the art, a system support cartridge (5), which facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the valve without the need to disassemble the engine head, a distribution shaft (1) with inverted cam, round with plane for the actuation of the valves, which allow for trouble-free opening and closing times and travel.
2.- Válvula de asiento invertido en culata y eje de distribución invertido,' según reivindicación primera, caracterizada porque Ia apertura y cierre de Ia válvula se realiza por Ia excéntrica del eje de distribución, manteniendo el cierre sobre el asiento de Ia culata por el diámetro circular de Ia excéntrica, dejando abrir Ia válvula, cuando el plano de Ia misma permite que Ia válvula abra.2.- Inverted seat valve in cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft, 'according to claim one, characterized in that the opening and closing of the valve is carried out by the eccentric of the distribution shaft, maintaining the closure on the seat of the cylinder head by the circular diameter of the eccentric, allowing the valve to open, when the plane thereof allows the valve to open.
3.- Válvula de asiento invertido en culata y eje de distribución invertido, según reivindicación primera, caracterizada porque en Ia válvula de escape se aprovecha Ia compresión del pistón después de Ia explosión para abrir Ia válvula al paso de Ia abertura del eje de distribución y cerrando ésta por el mismo, evitando el uso de un muelle.3.- Inverted seat valve in cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft, according to claim one, characterized in that in the exhaust valve the compression of the piston is used after the explosion to open the valve to the passage of the opening of the distribution shaft and closing it by the same, avoiding the use of a spring.
4.- Válvula de asiento invertido en culata y eje de distribución invertido, según reivindicación primera, caracterizada porque Ia rapidez de Ia apertura es mejorable mediante un muelle de baja presión. 4.- Inverted seat valve in cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft, according to claim one, characterized in that the opening speed is improved by a low pressure spring.
5.- Válvula de asiento invertido en culata y eje de distribución invertido, según reivindicación primera, caracterizada porque en el caso de Ia admisión, esta apertura se hará por un muelle que ayudará al paso de abertura de Ia excéntrica. 5.- Inverted seat valve in cylinder head and inverted distribution shaft, according to claim one, characterized in that in the case of admission, this opening will be made by a spring that will help the passage of the eccentric opening.
PCT/ES2008/000340 2007-07-30 2008-05-13 Valve with overhead inverted seat and inverted camshaft WO2009022036A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08761584A EP2187006A4 (en) 2007-07-30 2008-05-13 Valve with overhead inverted seat and inverted camshaft

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ESP200702126 2007-07-30
ES200702126A ES2311421B1 (en) 2007-07-30 2007-07-30 SEAT VALVE INVESTED IN HEAD AND INVERTED DISTRIBUTION AXLE.

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WO2009022036A1 true WO2009022036A1 (en) 2009-02-19

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2816532A (en) * 1954-06-03 1957-12-17 William T Ratliff Cam
US3289658A (en) 1965-10-20 1966-12-06 Sr Thomas A Surovek Valve arrangement for internal combustion engines
JPS60201014A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-11 Nakamura Okuemon Dohc4 valve of engine
FR2854426A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-05 Jean Claude Morsillo Internal combustion engine valve opening device, opens valves towards outside of combustion chamber within cylinder head by pulling instead of being pushed for being opened

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3168083A (en) * 1962-10-22 1965-02-02 Lucian F Buchanan Internal combustion engine exhaust valve assembly
GB2212857B (en) * 1987-12-02 1991-11-27 Benzion Olsfanger An internal combustion engine.
US5709178A (en) * 1996-04-22 1998-01-20 Caterpillar Inc. Electronically controlled outwardly opening valve system for an engine

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2816532A (en) * 1954-06-03 1957-12-17 William T Ratliff Cam
US3289658A (en) 1965-10-20 1966-12-06 Sr Thomas A Surovek Valve arrangement for internal combustion engines
JPS60201014A (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-11 Nakamura Okuemon Dohc4 valve of engine
FR2854426A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-05 Jean Claude Morsillo Internal combustion engine valve opening device, opens valves towards outside of combustion chamber within cylinder head by pulling instead of being pushed for being opened

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0100, no. 51 - 28 February 1986 (1986-02-28) *
See also references of EP2187006A4 *

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ES2311421B1 (en) 2009-12-04
EP2187006A1 (en) 2010-05-19
ES2311421A1 (en) 2009-02-01
EP2187006A4 (en) 2011-09-28

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