WO2009020534A2 - Method of treating cxcr3 mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines - Google Patents
Method of treating cxcr3 mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009020534A2 WO2009020534A2 PCT/US2008/009149 US2008009149W WO2009020534A2 WO 2009020534 A2 WO2009020534 A2 WO 2009020534A2 US 2008009149 W US2008009149 W US 2008009149W WO 2009020534 A2 WO2009020534 A2 WO 2009020534A2
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- 0 CC(C(*)NC1*)NC1N(CC1)*N1C1(*)C(N*)N(*O)CC1 Chemical compound CC(C(*)NC1*)NC1N(CC1)*N1C1(*)C(N*)N(*O)CC1 0.000 description 1
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- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods of treating CXCR3 mediated diseases using CXCR3 antagonists, such as those of Formula 1 , as disclosed herein.
- diseases include, for example, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), alkylosing spondylitis, fibrotic diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia areata, scleroderma, lichen planus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, Behcet's disease, Wegener's disease, atopic dermatitis, and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD).
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- alkylosing spondylitis fibrotic diseases
- pulmonary fibrosis alopecia areata
- Chemokines constitute a family of cytokines that are produced in inflammation and regulate leukocyte recruitment (Baggiolini, M. et ai, Adv. Immunol., 55: 97-179 (1994); Springer, T. A., Annual Rev. Physio., 57: 827-872 (1995); and Schall, T. J. and K. B. Bacon, Curr. Opin. Immunol, 6: 865-873 (1994)).
- Chemokines are capable of selectively inducing chemotaxis of the formed elements of the blood (other than red blood cells), including leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells.
- leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells.
- other changes can be selectively induced by chemokines in responsive cells, including changes in cell shape, transient rises in the concentration of intracellular free calcium ions ([Ca 2+ ]O 1 granule exocytosis, integrin upregulation, formation of bioactive lipids (e. g., leukotrienes) and respiratory burst, associated with leukocyte activation.
- the chemokines are early triggers of the inflammatory response, causing inflammatory mediator release, che
- Chemokines are related in primary structure and share four conserved cysteines, which form disulfide bonds. Based upon this conserved cysteine motif, the family can be divided into distinct branches, including the C-X-C chemokines ( ⁇ -chemokines) in which the first two conserved cysteines are separated by an intervening residue (e. g., IL-8, IP-10, Mig, I-TAC, PF4, ENA-78, GCP-2, GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , GRO ⁇ , NAP-2, NAP-4), and the C-C chemokines ( ⁇ -chemokines), in which the first two conserved cysteines are adjacent residues (e.
- CXC-chemokines attract neutrophil leukocytes.
- CXC-chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), GRO alpha (GRO ⁇ ), and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) are potent chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils.
- the CXC-chemokines designated Mig (monokine induced by gamma interferon) and IP-10 (interferon-gamma inducible 10 kDa protein) are particularly active in inducing chemotaxis of activated peripheral blood lymphocytes.
- CC-chemokines are generally less selective and can attract a variety of leukocyte cell types, including monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
- CC-chemokines such as human monocyte chemotactic proteins 1-3 (MCP-1 , MCP-2 and MCP-3), RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted), and the macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ (MIP-1 ⁇ and MIP-1 ⁇ ) have been characterized as chemoattractants and activators of monocytes or lymphocytes, but do not appear to be chemoattractants for neutrophils.
- CXCR3 is a G-protein coupled receptor with seven transmembrane-spanning domains and has been shown to be restrictively expressed in activated T cells, preferentially human Th1 cells.
- chemokine receptors transduce an intracellular signal through the associated G-protein resulting in a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration.
- the CXCR3 receptor mediates Ca 2+ (calcium ion) mobilization and chemotaxis in response to IP-10 and Mig.
- CXCR3 expressing cells show no significant response to the CXC-chemokines IL-8, GRO ⁇ , NAP-2, GCP-2 (granulocyte chemotactic protein-2), ENA78 (epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78), PF4 (platelet factor 4), or the CC-chemokines MCP-1 , MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, MIP-Ia, MIP-1 ⁇ , RANTES, I309, eotaxin or lymphotactin.
- CXCR3, I-TAC Interferon-inducible T cell Alpha Chemoattractant
- the restricted expression of human CXCR3 in activated T lymphocytes and the ligand selectivity of CXCR3 are noteworthy.
- the human receptor is highly expressed in IL-2 activated T lymphocytes, but was not detected in resting T lymphocytes, monocytes or granulocytes (Qin, S. et al., J. Clin. Invest., 101 : 746-754 (1998)). Additional studies of receptor distribution indicate that it is mostly CD3 + cells that express CXCR3, including cells which are CD95 ⁇ CD45RO + , and CD45RA
- the selective expression in activated T lymphocytes is of interest, because other receptors for chemokines which have been reported to attract lymphocytes (e. g., MCP-1 , MCP-2, MCP-3, MIP-1 ⁇ , MIP-1 ⁇ , RANTES) are also expressed by granulocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as monocytes. These results suggest that the CXCR3 receptor is involved in the selective recruitment of effector T cells.
- CXCR3 recognizes unusual CXC-chemokines, designated IP-10, Mig and I-TAC. Although these belong to the CXC-subfamily, in contrast to IL-8 and other CXC-chemokines which are potent chemoattractants for neutrophils, the primary targets of IP-10, Mig and I-TAC are lymphocytes, particularly effector cells such as activated or stimulated T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells (Taub, D. D. et al., J Exp. Med., 177: 18090-1814 (1993); Taub, D. D. er a/., J. Immunol., 155: 3877-3888 (1995); Cole, K. E. et al., J. Exp.
- NK cells are large granular lymphocytes, which lack a specific T cell receptor for antigen recognition, but possess cytolytic activity against cells such as tumor cells and virally infected cells.
- IP-10, Mig and I-TAC lack the ELR motif, an essential binding epitope in those CXC-chemokines that efficiently induce neutrophil chemotaxis (Clark-Lewis, I. er a/., J. Biol. Chem. 266: 23128-23134 (1991 ); Hebert, C. A. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266 : 18989-18994 (1991 ); and Clark-Lewis, 1.
- IP-10 expression is induced in a variety of tissues in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and tuberculoid leprosy as well as tumors and in animal model studies, for example, experimental glomerulonephritis, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
- IP-10 has a potent in vivo antitumor effect that is T cell dependent, is reported to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo and can induce chemotaxis and degranulation of NK cells in vitro, suggesting a role as a mediator of NK cell recruitment and degranulation (in tumor cell destruction, for example)
- a potent in vivo antitumor effect that is T cell dependent, is reported to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo and can induce chemotaxis and degranulation of NK cells in vitro, suggesting a role as a mediator of NK cell recruitment and degranulation (in tumor cell destruction, for example)
- IP-10, Mig and I-TAC are also distinct from that of other CXC chemokines in that expression of each is induced by interferon-gamma (IFN ⁇ ), while the expression of IL-8 is down-regulated by IFN ⁇ (Luster, A. D. et al., Nature, 315 : 672-676 (1985); Farber, J. M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87 : 5238-5242 (1990); Farber, J. M., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 192 (1 ): 223-230 (1993), Liao, F. et al., J.
- Chemokines are recognized as the long-sought mediators for the recruitment of lymphocytes.
- Several CC-chemokines were found to elicit lymphocyte chemotaxis (Loetscher, P. et ai, FASEB J., 8: 1055-1060 (1994)), however, they are also active on granulocytes and monocytes (Uguccioni, M. et ai, Eur. J. Immunol., 25 : 64-68 (1995); Baggiolini, M. and C. A. Dahinden, Immunol. Today, 15 : 127-133 (1994)).
- IP-10, Mig and I-TAC which are selective in their action on lymphocytes, including activated T lymphocytes and NK cells, and which bind CXCR3, a receptor which does not recognize numerous other chemokines and which displays a selective pattern of expression.
- CXCR3 IL-12 kinase-like kinase
- T lymphocytes bearing a CXCR3 receptor as a result of activation can be recruited into inflammatory lesions, sites of infection and/or tumors by IP-10, Mig and/or I-TAC, which can be induced locally by interferon-gamma.
- CXCR3 plays a role in the selective recruitment of lymphocytes, particularly effector cells such as activated or stimulated T lymphocytes.
- activated and effector T cells have been implicated in a number of disease states such as graft-rejection, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and psoriasis.
- CXCR3 represents a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics.
- R 3 is phenyl, or a 5- or 6- membered aromatic ring with 1 or more nitrogen atoms.
- CXCR3 activity there is a need for compounds that are capable of modulating CXCR3 activity.
- diseases and conditions associated with CXCR3 such as inflammatory conditions (psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis) and graft rejection (allograft and zenograft rejections for example) as well as infectious diseases, cancers and tumors, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, type I diabetes, viral meningitis and tuberculoid leprosy.
- the present invention provides a method of treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), alkylosing spondylitis, fibrotic diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia areata, scleroderma, lichen planus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, Behcet's disease, Wegener's disease, atopic dermatitis, and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound having the general structure shown in Formula 1 :
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- ring D is a five to nine membered cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclenyl or heterocyclyl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from O, S or N, wherein ring D is unsubstituted or optionally substituted with 1-5 independently selected R 20 moieties;
- the R 20 moieties can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthiocarboxy, alkylheteroaryl, alky
- the compounds of Formula 1 are disclosed in International Publication WO 2006/088837, published August 24, 2006, and U.S. Patent Publication US 2006/0276479 published December 7, 2006.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salt is a mesylate salt of this compound.
- a further feature of the invention provides a method of treating a CXCR3 mediated disease as set forth above comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition containing as active ingredient at least one compound of Formula 1 together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
- a further feature of the invention provides a method of treating a CXCR3 mediated disease as set forth above comprising administering to a patient in need of such treatment, an effective amount of (a) at least one compound according to Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives; steroids; PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, TNF-alpha-convertase inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, p38 inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutics.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl carbon atom.
- Preferred acyls contain a lower alkyl.
- suitable acyl groups include formyl, acetyl, propanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl, butanoyl and cyclohexanoyl.
- Alkenyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain.
- Preferred alkenyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain.
- Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkenyl chain.
- “Lower alkenyl” means about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched.
- alkenyl groups include ethenyl, propenyl, n-butenyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, n-pentenyl, octenyl and decenyl.
- Alkyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched or a combination thereof, and comprising about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms in the chain. Preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain. More preferred alkyl groups contain about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain. Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkyl chain.
- “Lower alkyl” means a group having about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched.
- the alkyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, amino, -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(cycloalkyl) 2 , -NH(aryl), -N(aryl) 2 , -NH(heteroaryl), -N(heteroaryl) 2 , -NH(heterocyclyl), N(heterocyclyl) 2> halo, hydroxy, carboxyl, carboxyalkyl (non
- alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, heptyl, nonyl, decyl, fluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl and cyclopropylmethyl.
- Alkylheteroaryl means an alkyl-heteroaryl- group wherein the alkyl is as previously described and the bond to the parent moiety is through the heteroaryl group.
- Alkylamino means an -NH2 or -NH 3 + group in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen is replaced by an alkyl group as defined above. The bond to the parent is through the nitrogen.
- Alkylaryl means an alkyl-aryl- group in which the alkyl and aryl are as described herein. Preferred alkylaryls comprise a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable alkylaryl groups include o-tolyl, p-tolyl and xylyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the aryl.
- Alkylthio means an alkyl-S- group in which the alkyl group is as described herein.
- suitable alkylthio groups include methylthio, ethylthio, i-propylthio and heptylthio.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
- Alkylsulfonyl means an alkyl-S(O) 2 - group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.
- Alkylsulfinyl means an alkyl-S(O)- group. Preferred groups are those in which the alkyl group is lower alkyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.
- Alkynyl means an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond and which may be straight or branched and comprising about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms in the chain.
- Preferred alkynyl groups have about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms in the chain; and more preferably about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms in the chain.
- Branched means that one or more lower alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or propyl, are attached to a linear alkynyl chain.
- “Lower alkynyl” means about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms in the chain which may be straight or branched.
- alkynyl groups include ethynyl, propynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-methylbutynyl, n-pentynyl, and decynyl.
- the alkynyl group may be substituted by one or more substituents which may be the same or different, each substituent being independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxyl, aryl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cyano, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(cycloalkyl) 2 , -NH(aryl), -N(aryl) 2 , -NH(heteroaryl), -N(heteroaryl) 2 , -NH(heterocyclyl), N(heterocyclyl) 2 , alkoxycarbonyl
- Alkoxy means an alkyl-O- group in which the alkyl group is as previously described.
- suitable alkoxy groups include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, heptoxy and methylhydroxy.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen.
- suitable alkoxycarbonyl groups include methoxycarbonyl and ethoxycarbonyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
- Aminoalkyl means an amine-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred aminoalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable aminoalkyl groups include aminomethyl and 2-Dimethlylamino-2-ethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
- Aralkyl or “arylalkyl” means an aryl-alkyl- group in which the aryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkyls comprise a lower alkyl group attached to the aryl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenethyl and naphthalenylmethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
- alkenyl means an aryl-alkenyl- group in which the aryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred aralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkenyl groups include
- Alkylthio means an aralkyl-S- group in which the aralkyl group is as previously described.
- Non-limiting example of a suitable aralkylthio group is benzylthio.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
- Alkoxy means an aralkyl-O- group in which the aralkyl group is as described above. The bond to the parent moiety is through the oxygen group.
- a suitable aralkoxycarbonyl group is benzyloxycarbonyl.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the carbonyl.
- suitable groups include benzoyl and 1- and 2-naphthoyl.
- Aryl (sometimes abbreviated “Ar") means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably about 6 to about 10 carbon atoms.
- the aryl group can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein.
- suitable aryl groups include phenyl and naphthyl.
- Aryloxy means an aryl-O- group in which the aryl group is as previously described. Non-limiting examples of suitable aryloxy groups include phenoxy and naphthoxy.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the ether oxygen.
- Arylsulfonyl means an aryl-S(O) 2 - group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfonyl.
- Arylsulfinyl means an aryl-S(O)- group. The bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfinyl.
- Arylthio means an aryl-S- group in which the aryl group is as previously described.
- suitable arylthio groups include phenylthio and naphthylthio.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the sulfur.
- Carbamates and urea substituents refer to groups with oxygens and nitrogens respectively adjacent an amide; representative carbamate and urea substituents include the following:
- Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
- the cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above.
- suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like.
- suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalin, norbornyl, adamantyl and the like.
- Cycloalkenyl means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkenyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
- the cycloalkenyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above.
- suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like.
- Non-limiting example of a suitable multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbornylenyl.
- cycloalkenyl additionally means moieties such as cyclobutenedione, cyclopentenone, cyclopentenedione and the like.
- Halogen (or halo) means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Preferred are fluorine, chlorine and bromine.
- Haloalkyl means an alkyl as defined above wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl is replaced by a halo group defined above. Non-limiting examples include trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2- chloropropyl and alike.
- Heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
- heteroaryl can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein.
- ring system substituents which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein.
- the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom.
- the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, 1 ,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, thienopyridyl, quinazolinyl, thienopyrimidyl, pyrrolopyridyl, imidazopyr
- Heterocyclenyl means a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, alone or in combination, and which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-nitrogen double bond. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
- Preferred heterocyclenyl rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
- the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclenyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom.
- the heterocyclenyl can be optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein "ring system substituent" is as defined above.
- the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclenyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
- Non- limiting examples of suitable heterocyclenyl groups include 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydropyridinyl, 1 ,2-dihydropyridinyl, 1 ,4-dihydropyridinyl, 1 ,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridinyl, 1 ,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, 2- imidazolinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, fluorodihydrofuranyl, 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, and the like.
- An example of such a heterocyclenyl ring is pyrrolidinone:
- Heterocyclyl means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
- Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
- the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom.
- Any -NH in a heterocyclyl ring may exist protected such as, for example, as an -N(Boc), - N(CBz), -N(Tos) group and the like; such protections are also considered part of this invention.
- the heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein.
- the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1 ,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, lactam, lactone, and the like.
- An example of such a heterocyclyl ring is pyrrolidone:
- Heteroaralkyl means a heteroaryl-alkyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyl, 2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl and quinolin-(3-yl)methyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
- Heteroaralkenyl means an heteroaryl-alkenyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group.
- Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaralkenyl groups include 2-(pyrid-3-yl)ethenyl and 2-(quinolin-3-yl)ethenyl.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.
- "Hydroxyalkyl” means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl.
- suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
- the bond to the parent moiety is through the oxygen group.
- Ring system substituent means a substituent attached to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which, for example, replaces an available hydrogen on the ring system.
- Ring system substituents may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, aryl, aroyl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, amino, -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(cycloalkyl)2, -NH(aryl), -N(aryl) 2 , -NH(heteroaryl), -N(heteroaryl) 2 , -NH(heterocycl
- Spiroalkyl means an alkylene group wherein two carbon atoms of an alkyl group are attached to one carbon atom of a parent molecular group thereby forming a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring of three to eleven atoms.
- Representative structures include examples such as:
- spiroalkyl groups of this invention can be optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein "ring system substituent” is as defined herein.
- Ring system substituent also means a cyclic ring of 3 to 7 ring atoms of which may contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms, attached to an aryl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl ring by simultaneously substituting two ring hydrogen atoms on said aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl ring.
- Non-limiting examples include:
- moieties include, substituents, groups or rings
- the phrases "one or more" and “at least one” mean that, there can be as many moieties as chemically permitted, and the determination of the maximum number of such moieties is well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
- the straight line as a bond generally indicates a mixture of, or either of, the possible isomers, non-limiting example(s) include, containing (R)- and (S)- stereochemistry.
- the possible isomers include, containing (R)- and (S)- stereochemistry.
- a dashed line ( ) represents an optional bond.
- the indicated line (bond) may be attached to any of the substitutable ring atoms, non limiting examples include carbon, nitrogen and sulfur ring atoms.
- Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the invention are also contemplated herein.
- the term "prodrug”, as employed herein, denotes a compound that is a drug precursor which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of Formula 1 or a salt and/or solvate thereof.
- a discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) Volume 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in
- Methods for example, glucuronides and sulfates which can undergo reversible conversion to compounds of Formula 1 are contemplated in this application.
- Effective amount or “therapeutically effective amount” is meant to describe an amount of compound or a composition of the present invention effective to antagonize CXCR3 and thus produce the desired therapeutic effect in a suitable patient.
- “Mammal” means humans and other mammalian animals.
- Patient includes both human and animals.
- Solvate means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. "Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates, and the like. "Hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H 2 O. In general, the solvated forms are equivalent to the unsolvated forms and are intended to be encompassed within the scope of this invention.
- the compounds of Formula 1 form salts which are also within the scope of this invention.
- Reference to a compound of Formula 1 herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
- the term "salt(s)" denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
- zwitterions inner salts may be formed and are included within the term "salt(s)" as used herein.
- Salts of the compounds of the Formula 1 may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of Formula 1 with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
- Acids (and bases) which are generally considered suitable for the formation of pharmaceutically useful salts from basic (or acidic) pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, for example, by S. Berge et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66(1 ) 1 -19; P. Gould, International J.
- Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrates, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, methyl sulfates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pamoates, pectinates, persulfates, 3-
- Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, aluminum salts, zinc salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines (formed with N,N-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine), N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D-glucamides, t-butyl amines, piperazine, phenylcyclohexylamine, choline, tromethamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
- organic bases for example, organic amines
- organic bases for example, organic amines
- Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quarternized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (non-limiting example(s) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (non-limiting example(s) include dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates), long chain halides (non-limiting example(s) include decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl halides (non-limiting example(s) include benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.
- agents such as lower alkyl halides (non-limiting example(s) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dialkyl sulfates (non-limiting example(s
- esters of the present compounds include the following groups: (1 ) carboxylic acid esters obtained by esterification of the hydroxy groups, in which the non-carbonyl moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester grouping is selected from straight or branched chain alkyl (for example, acetyl, n-propyl, t-butyl, or n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (for example, methoxymethyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl), aryloxyalkyl (for example, phenoxymethyl), aryl (for example, phenyl optionally substituted with, for example, halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, or C 1-4 alkoxy or amino); (2) sulfonate esters, such as alkyl- or aralkylsulfonyl (for example, methanesulfonyl); (3) amino acid esters (for example, L-valyl or L-isoleucyl); (4)
- All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical isomers and the like) of the present compounds including those of the salts, solvates, esters and prodrugs of the compounds as well as the salts, solvates and esters of the prodrugs), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this invention.
- Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
- the chiral centers of the present invention can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
- the use of the terms “salt”, “solvate” “prodrug” and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt, solvate, ester and prodrug of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers, racemates or prodrugs of the inventive compounds.
- the present invention discloses treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease as set forth above utilizing at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, where the various definitions are given above.
- G represents a dihydroimidazole, imidazole, dihydrooxazole, oxazole, dihydrooxadiazole, oxadiazole, triazole, or tetrazole ring.
- ring G is selected from the group consisting of:
- — is a single bond or double bond.
- R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2 , -OR 30 and -CF 3 .
- R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , - CH 2 CH 3 , -CH(CH 3 ) 2 , cyclopropyl, -F, -Cl, OCH 3 , OCF 3 and CF 3 .
- R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carbonyl.
- R 10 is selected from the group consisting of -CH 3 , - CH 2 CH 3 and -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , and m is O - 2.
- R 11 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl and carbonyl.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , R 11 is H Or -CH 3 .
- R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , CN and -CH 2 CH 3 .
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , the ring atoms of ring D are independently C, N, O and S, and substituted by 0-4 R 20 moieties.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , the ring atoms of ring D are independently C or N and substituted by 0-4 R 20 moieties. Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , ring D is a 5 to 6 membered aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclenyl, or heterocyclyl ring and substituted by 0-4 R 20 moieties.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , two R 20 moieties are linked together to form a five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring wherein said five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl ring is fused to ring D and the fused ring is optionally substituted with 0 to 4 R 21 moieties.
- R 21 moieties can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, and trifluoromethoxy.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , m is 0-2. Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , n is 0-2.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , q is 1 or 2.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in Formula 1 , r is 1 or 2.
- ring G is selected from the group consisting of:
- R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2, -OR 30 and -CF 3
- R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carbonyl;
- R 11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carbonyl;
- R 20 moieties are linked together to form a five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring wherein said five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl ring is fused to ring D and the fused ring is optionally substituted with 0 to 4 R 21 moieties;
- the R 21 moieties can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, and trifluoromethoxy;
- Y is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -, -CH 2 CH 2 -, -CH(CH 3 )-,
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, the compound of Formula 1 is represented by structural Formulae 2- 11 :
- L is C or N; in Formula 4 is a single bond or a double bond; X in formula 9 is N, O, or S; p is 0 to 4; and m, n, q, R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 20 and Y are as defined in Claim 1.
- R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2 , -OR 30 and -CF 3 .
- R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carbonyl.
- R 11 is selected from the group consisting of: of H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl and carbonyl.
- R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , CN or -CH 2 CH 3 .
- R 20 moieties are linked together to form a five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring wherein said five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl ring is fused to ring D and the fused ring is optionally substituted with 0 to 4 R 21 moieties; and the R 21 moieties can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, and trifluoromethoxy.
- R 20 moieties are linked together to form a five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring wherein said five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl ring is fused to ring D and the fused ring is optionally substituted with O to 4 R 21 moieties;
- the R 21 moieties can be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkylaryl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, cyano, cycloalkyl, formyl, halogen, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, nitro, and trifluoromethoxy.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in the above-shown Formulae 2-11 , L is carbon. Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, in the above-shown Formulae 2-11 , L is nitrogen.
- R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2 , -OR 30 and -CF 3 ;
- m is 0-2;
- n is 0-2;
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, a compound is selected from the group consisting of:
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods, wherein, a compound is selected from the list of compounds shown in Table 1 below (or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or esters thereof).
- Table 1 the compounds are shown along with their IC 50 ratings.
- the IC 50 values are rated, "A” for IC 50 values less than about 25 nanomolar (nM), "B” for IC 50 values in the range of from about 25 to about 100 nM and "C” for IC 50 values greater than about 100 nM.
- Compound Number 1 has an IC 50 value of 0.2 nM.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods wherein the compound according to Formula 1 is in purified form.
- compositions comprises at least one compound of Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- compositions in addition to the compound of Formula 1 , further comprises at least one additional agent, drug, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease.
- the therapeutic agents in the combination may be administered in any order such as, for example, sequentially, concurrently, together, simultaneously and the like.
- the amounts of the various actives in such combination therapy may be different amounts (different dosage amounts) or same amounts (same dosage amounts).
- a compound of Formula 1 and an additional therapeutic agent may be present in fixed amounts (dosage amounts) in a single dosage unit (e.g., a capsule, a tablet and the like).
- a commercial example of such single dosage unit containing fixed amounts of two different active compounds is VYTORIN ® (available from Merck Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals, Kenilworth, New Jersey).
- the present invention discloses methods for preparing pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inventive heterocyclic substituted piperazine compounds of Formula 1 as an active ingredient.
- the active ingredients will typically be administered in admixture with suitable carrier materials suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, i.e. oral tablets, capsules (either solid-filled, semi-solid filled or liquid filled), powders for constitution, oral gels, elixirs, dispersible granules, syrups, suspensions, and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
- the active drug component may be combined with any oral non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier, such as lactose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, talc, mannitol, ethyl alcohol (liquid forms) and the like.
- suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents may also be incorporated in the mixture.
- Powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent inventive composition.
- Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars, corn sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and waxes.
- lubricants there may be mentioned for use in these dosage forms, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like.
- Disintegrants include starch, methylcellulose, guar gum and the like. Sweetening and flavoring agents and preservatives may also be included where appropriate.
- compositions of the present invention may be formulated in sustained release form to provide the rate controlled release of any one or more of the components or active ingredients to optimize the therapeutic effects, i.e. anti-inflammatory activity and the like.
- Suitable dosage forms for sustained release include layered tablets containing layers of varying disintegration rates or controlled release polymeric matrices impregnated with the active components and shaped in tablet form or capsules containing such impregnated or encapsulated porous polymeric matrices.
- Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injections or addition of sweeteners and pacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
- Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
- a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier such as inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
- a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides such as cocoa butter is first melted, and the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein by stirring or similar mixing. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool and thereby solidify.
- solid form preparations which are intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration.
- liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
- the compounds of the invention may also be deliverable transdermally.
- the transdermal compositions may take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
- the compound is administered orally.
- the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
- the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active components, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
- the quantity of the inventive active composition in a unit dose of preparation may be generally varied or adjusted from about 1.0 milligram to about 1 ,000 milligrams, preferably from about 1.0 to about 950 milligrams, more preferably from about 1.0 to about 500 milligrams, and typically from about 1 to about 250 milligrams, according to the particular application.
- the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the patient's age, sex, weight and severity of the condition being treated. Such techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.
- the human oral dosage form containing the active ingredients can be administered 1 or 2 times per day.
- the amount and frequency of the administration will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician.
- a generally recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration may range from about 1.0 milligram to about 1 ,000 milligrams per day, in single or divided doses.
- Capsule - refers to a special container or enclosure made of methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohols, or denatured gelatins or starch for holding or containing compositions comprising the active ingredients.
- Hard shell capsules are typically made of blends of relatively high gel strength bone and pork skin gelatins. The capsule itself may contain small amounts of dyes, opaquing agents, plasticizers and preservatives.
- Tablet- refers to a compressed or molded solid dosage form containing the active ingredients with suitable diluents.
- the tablet can be prepared by compression of mixtures or granulations obtained by wet granulation, dry granulation or by compaction.
- Oral gels- refers to the active ingredients dispersed or solubilized in a hydrophillic semi-solid matrix.
- Powders for constitution - refers to powder blends containing the active ingredients and suitable diluents which can be suspended in water or juices.
- Diluent - refers to substances that usually make up the major portion of the composition or dosage form. Suitable diluents include sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol; starches derived from wheat, corn, rice and potato; and celluloses such as microcrystalline cellulose.
- the amount of diluent in the composition can range from about 10 to about 90% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 25 to about 75%, more preferably from about 30 to about 60% by weight, even more preferably from about 12 to about 60%.
- Disintegrants refers to materials added to the composition to help it break apart (disintegrate) and release the medicaments.
- Suitable disintegrants include starches; "cold water soluble" modified starches such as sodium carboxymethyl starch; natural and synthetic gums such as locust bean, karaya, guar, tragacanth and agar; cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose; microcrystalline celluloses and cross-linked microcrystalline celluloses such as sodium croscarmellose; alginates such as alginic acid and sodium alginate; clays such as bentonites; and effervescent mixtures.
- the amount of disintegrant in the composition can range from about 2 to about 15% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 4 to about 10% by weight.
- Binders - refers to substances that bind or "glue” powders together and make them cohesive by forming granules, thus serving as the "adhesive" in the formulation. Binders add cohesive strength already available in the diluent or bulking agent. Suitable binders include sugars such as sucrose; starches derived from wheat, corn rice and potato; natural gums such as acacia, gelatin and tragacanth; derivatives of seaweed such as alginic acid, sodium alginate and ammonium calcium alginate; cellulosic materials such as methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and inorganics such as magnesium aluminum silicate.
- sugars such as sucrose
- starches derived from wheat, corn rice and potato natural gums such as acacia, gelatin and tragacanth
- derivatives of seaweed such as alginic acid, sodium alginate and ammonium calcium alginate
- the amount of binder in the composition can range from about 2 to about 20% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 3 to about 10% by weight, even more preferably from about 3 to about 6% by weight.
- Lubricant - refers to a substance added to the dosage form to enable the tablet, granules, etc. after it has been compressed, to release from the mold or die by reducing friction or wear.
- Suitable lubricants include metallic stearates such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or potassium stearate; stearic acid; high melting point waxes; and water soluble lubricants such as sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium oleate, polyethylene glycols and d'l-leucine.
- Lubricants are usually added at the very last step before compression, since they must be present on the surfaces of the granules and in between them and the parts of the tablet press.
- the amount of lubricant in the composition can range from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2%, more preferably from about 0.3 to about 1.5% by weight.
- Suitable glidents include silicon dioxide and talc.
- the amount of glident in the composition can range from about 0.1 % to about 5% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight.
- Coloring agents - excipients that provide coloration to the composition or the dosage form.
- excipients can include food grade dyes and food grade dyes adsorbed onto a suitable adsorbent such as clay or aluminum oxide.
- the amount of the coloring agent can vary from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.1 to about 1%.
- Bioavailability - refers to the rate and extent to which the active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety is absorbed into the systemic circulation from an administered dosage form as compared to a standard or control.
- Conventional methods for preparing tablets are known. Such methods include dry methods such as direct compression and compression of granulation produced by compaction, or wet methods or other special procedures.
- Conventional methods for making other forms for administration such as, for example, capsules, suppositories and the like are also well known.
- the invention includes tautomers, enantiomers and other stereoisomers of the compounds also.
- certain imidazole compounds may exist in tautomeric forms. Such variations are contemplated to be within the scope of the invention.
- Certain compounds of the present invention may exist in multiple crystalline forms or amorphous forms. All physical forms of the current invention are contemplated.
- Compounds of this invention which contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes (i.e. "radiolabeled compounds” ) whether their use is therapeutic, diagnostic or as a research reagent are contemplated under this invention.
- Another embodiment of the invention discloses the use of the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed above for treatment of diseases of a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
- the method is directed to administering to the patient (a) an effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one additional agent, drug, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- at least one compound of Formula 1 binds to a
- the method can further comprise administering: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1 , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives (such as cyclosporins and methotrexate); steroids
- corticosteroids such as glucorticoids
- PDE IV inhibitors anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds
- TNF- ⁇ -convertase (TACE) inhibitors MMP inhibitors
- cytokine inhibitors glucocorticoids
- other chemokine inhibitors such as CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR2, CB2-selective inhibitors, p38 inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutics.
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods wherein the (b) at least one medicament is a chemokine inhibitor. Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods wherein the (b) at least one medicament is a chemokine inhibitor, that is a
- CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease is selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, fibrotic diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and graft-vs-host disease (GVHD).
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- GVHD graft-vs-host disease
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods wherein the CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease is selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods wherein the CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods whrerein said CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease is selected from the group consisting of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, and the treatment method comprises administering concurrently or sequentially with the compound of Formula 1 at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: beta-agonists, muscarinic receptor antagonists,
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Another embodiment of the present invention refers to those methods whrerein said CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and the treatment method comprises administering concurrently or sequentially with the compound of Formula 1 at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: immunosuppressives and corticosteroids.
- SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
- the compounds of Formula 1 can be used to treat diseases selected from the group consisting of: pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, ischemia reperfusion injury, renal reperfusion injury, glomerulonephritis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, graft vs.
- diseases selected from the group consisting of: pain, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, COPD, adult respiratory disease, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, septic shock, endotoxic shock, gram negative sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, stroke, ischemia rep
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2010519225A JP2010535711A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-07-29 | Method for treating CXCR3-mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines |
MX2010001400A MX2010001400A (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-07-29 | Method of treating cxcr3 mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines. |
EP08794839A EP2185154A2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-07-29 | Method of treating cxcr3 mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines |
CA2695365A CA2695365A1 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-07-29 | Method of treating cxcr3 mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US95377007P | 2007-08-03 | 2007-08-03 | |
US60/953,770 | 2007-08-03 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2009020534A2 true WO2009020534A2 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
WO2009020534A3 WO2009020534A3 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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ID=39832455
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PCT/US2008/009149 WO2009020534A2 (en) | 2007-08-03 | 2008-07-29 | Method of treating cxcr3 mediated diseases using heterocyclic substituted piperazines |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2185154A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010535711A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2695365A1 (en) |
CL (1) | CL2008002240A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2010001400A (en) |
TW (1) | TW200918063A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009020534A2 (en) |
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US8541424B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2013-09-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Anti-viral compounds |
US8546405B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2013-10-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Anti-viral compounds |
US8686026B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2014-04-01 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid compositions |
US8691938B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2014-04-08 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US8716454B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2014-05-06 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid compositions |
US8865723B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2014-10-21 | Tetra Discovery Partners Llc | Selective PDE4 B inhibition and improvement in cognition in subjects with brain injury |
US8937150B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2015-01-20 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US9034832B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2015-05-19 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid compositions |
US9266876B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2016-02-23 | Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | 4-(benzoimidazol-2-yl)-thiazole compounds and related aza derivatives |
US9278922B2 (en) | 2009-04-15 | 2016-03-08 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US9333204B2 (en) | 2014-01-03 | 2016-05-10 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid antiviral dosage forms |
US9394279B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2016-07-19 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US9951063B2 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2018-04-24 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | 8-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline derivatives |
US10047080B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2018-08-14 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | (R)-2-methyl-piperazine derivatives as CXCR3 receptor modulators |
US10053457B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2018-08-21 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Hydroxyalkyl-piperazine derivatives as CXCR3 receptor modulators |
US10201541B1 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2019-02-12 | Abbvie Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating HCV |
US10259807B2 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2019-04-16 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | 1-(piperazin-1-yl)-2-([1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-ethanone derivatives |
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US11484534B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-11-01 | Abbvie Inc. | Methods for treating HCV |
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2008
- 2008-07-29 WO PCT/US2008/009149 patent/WO2009020534A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-07-29 MX MX2010001400A patent/MX2010001400A/en unknown
- 2008-07-29 EP EP08794839A patent/EP2185154A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-29 JP JP2010519225A patent/JP2010535711A/en active Pending
- 2008-07-29 CA CA2695365A patent/CA2695365A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-30 CL CL2008002240A patent/CL2008002240A1/en unknown
- 2008-07-30 TW TW097128933A patent/TW200918063A/en unknown
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US9163017B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2015-10-20 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US8546405B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2013-10-01 | Abbott Laboratories | Anti-viral compounds |
US8541424B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2013-09-24 | Abbott Laboratories | Anti-viral compounds |
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US9586978B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2017-03-07 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
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US10039754B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2018-08-07 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US10028937B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2018-07-24 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
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US8921514B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2014-12-30 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US8691938B2 (en) | 2009-06-11 | 2014-04-08 | Abbvie Inc. | Anti-viral compounds |
US8686026B2 (en) | 2010-06-10 | 2014-04-01 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid compositions |
US10201541B1 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2019-02-12 | Abbvie Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating HCV |
US10201584B1 (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2019-02-12 | Abbvie Inc. | Compositions and methods for treating HCV |
US9034832B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2015-05-19 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid compositions |
US9266876B2 (en) | 2012-02-02 | 2016-02-23 | Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | 4-(benzoimidazol-2-yl)-thiazole compounds and related aza derivatives |
US8865723B2 (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2014-10-21 | Tetra Discovery Partners Llc | Selective PDE4 B inhibition and improvement in cognition in subjects with brain injury |
US11484534B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2022-11-01 | Abbvie Inc. | Methods for treating HCV |
US10259807B2 (en) | 2013-07-22 | 2019-04-16 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | 1-(piperazin-1-yl)-2-([1,2,4]triazol-1-yl)-ethanone derivatives |
US9744170B2 (en) | 2014-01-03 | 2017-08-29 | Abbvie Inc. | Solid antiviral dosage forms |
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US9951063B2 (en) | 2014-03-24 | 2018-04-24 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | 8-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline derivatives |
US10053457B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2018-08-21 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | Hydroxyalkyl-piperazine derivatives as CXCR3 receptor modulators |
US10047080B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2018-08-14 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. | (R)-2-methyl-piperazine derivatives as CXCR3 receptor modulators |
RU2701723C1 (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-10-01 | Федеральное бюджетное учреждение науки "Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии им. Пастера Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека" (ФБУН НИИ эпидемиологии и микробиологии имени Пастера) | Method of differentiating hepatic fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis b and autoimmune liver injuries |
WO2021158008A1 (en) * | 2020-02-05 | 2021-08-12 | 주식회사 스템모어 | Composition for preventing or treating hair loss, comprising 3,4-diamino-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione derivative |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009020534A3 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
CA2695365A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
TW200918063A (en) | 2009-05-01 |
MX2010001400A (en) | 2010-04-22 |
EP2185154A2 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
CL2008002240A1 (en) | 2009-06-05 |
JP2010535711A (en) | 2010-11-25 |
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