WO2009020396A1 - Stealth orifice - Google Patents
Stealth orifice Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009020396A1 WO2009020396A1 PCT/NO2008/000284 NO2008000284W WO2009020396A1 WO 2009020396 A1 WO2009020396 A1 WO 2009020396A1 NO 2008000284 W NO2008000284 W NO 2008000284W WO 2009020396 A1 WO2009020396 A1 WO 2009020396A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- section
- internal body
- bore
- orifice
- inlet
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/122—Gas lift
- E21B43/123—Gas lift valves
Definitions
- the present invention regards a device for injection of fluids in a well bore, typically a well bore for petroleum production, and in particular for a gas lift valve, which is used to inject high pressure gas into a tubing string disposed in a well bore for the purpose of aerating and/or displacing the liquid in the tubing string, thereby lifting the liquid to the surface or top of the well bore.
- hydrocarbons including water, oil, oil with entrained gas and gas
- natural pressure in the formation is employed to lift the hydrocarbons upwards to the ground surface.
- This pressure can decrease over the life time of the well and will require assist to improve lift, where this can be done by artificial supplying of energy to the liquid or medium in the production tubing.
- One known method to increase lift is to inject a medium into the production tubing. This injection is usually done by forcing the medium down the annulus between the production tubing, which tubing conducts hydrocarbons to the surface, and the (steel) casing of the well, further through a device for injection and into the production tubing.
- the medium will mix with the hydrocarbons, thus reducing the overall density of the mixture, which will lead to that lift in the well bore is improved.
- the medium that is to be injected into the production tubing is usually gas or water, although other constituents such as well stimulation fluids etc. also can be used.
- the properties and/or flow of the injected gas or water have however to be controlled, as parameters like pressure, speed, density etc are critical in order to obtain most favourable conditions in the production tubing.
- the two most common types of gas or water control devices that are employed to control the injected medium into the production tubing are gas lift valves and orifices.
- gas lift instability can also occur if the flow through a gas flow control device is in the sub critical flow range. In the critical or sonic flow range, the production pressure does not affect the gas flow rate through the device and flow instability cannot occur.
- the gas flow control device may be preferred to be in critical or sonic flow range with the least possible pressure differential across the device.
- the present invention is intended to provide a device for altering flow characteristics that eliminates or minimizes flow instability, where the device comprises an outer hollow housing with an internal body (a so-called dart).
- the internal body is movable in the longitudinal direction of the outer housing and comprises an internal bore.
- both outer housing and internal body is formed with at least one inlet and outlet, where the internal body restrain the passage through the device in a closed position.
- This pressure differential may be a fluid pressure operating on surfaces of the internal body, which surfaces may be exposed to different fluids. These fluids may be well fluids on one or more surfaces for operating the device or injections fluid on one surface and well fluid on another surface or combinations. According to an aspect the pressure differ- ential across the internal body may be assisted by at least one predetermined pressure balanced elastic element to open and close the device.
- the inlet of the internal body is connected to the outlet of the internal body through the internal bore, where the inlet is in form of a variable orifice. With variable orifice it should be understood in this application that the orifice is changing in form over its length when seen in the longitudinal direction of the device.
- the orifice is further a sepa- rate unit which can be mounted to the internal body through a threaded connection thereby following the movement of the internal body, or the orifice could be fastened to the internal body by different adhesives, locking ring(s), set screw(s) etc.
- the orifice can be mounted or fastened to the inner surface of the outer hollow housing by for instance adhesives, threaded connections etc.
- the orifice has a variable design over its length.
- the orifice is divided into an inlet section, a middle section and an outlet section, where the inlet and outlet sections have form of a rectilinear truncated cone.
- the length of each section when seen in the longitudinal direction of the device, can be different, where this will depend on the medium to be used in the device etc.
- the medium used will also affect the shaping of the different sections, where this for instance can give that the inlet section has a wider opening angle than the outlet section.
- the inner surface (walls) of the inlet and outlet sections form an angle to a horizontal line, where this line is an imagined extension of the inner surface of the middle section.
- the inner surfaces of the orifice will give minimal resistance to the flow of medium as the medium run through the orifice. This may be achieved by machine the inner surfaces of each section or by coating the inner surface with a coating.
- the truncated cone can in alternative embodiments of the present invention have sides that are curvilinear, for instance convex or concave or any other form, where both the inlet and outlet section can be shaped in same form. It can also be imagined that the inlet and outlet section can be combinations of the above described forms, for instance can the inlet section have a concave form while the outlet section can have a convex or rectilinear inner surface.
- the middle section of the orifice can in a first embodiment of the invention have an inner uniform and rectilinear surface, which is parallel with the surface of the longitudinal bore of the internal body.
- the cross section of the middle section can further be smaller than the cross section of the longitudinal bore.
- the inner surface of the middle section can also have other forms, for instance an expanding or increasing form, curvilinear etc.
- a center axis of the middle section is displaced compared with a center axis of the longitudinal bore, where this will give that the inner surface of the mid- die section that is misaligned, but parallel, with the inner surface of the internal bore.
- an end termination of the outlet section can be extended a length into the longitudinal bore. This can result in, as described above, that the orifice do not have to be mounted to the internal body, but can in appropriate ways be connected to the inner surface of the outer housing.
- the end termination may for instance be a sleeve that is mounted to the outlet section where the sleeve has a diameter that is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the internal bore. This will cause that only the internal body is moved when the pressure is large enough to move it to an open position.
- the orifice unit can be manufactured from any suitable material, for instance in a metallic or other casted/moulded or ductile material. A skilled person will know how this can be done.
- the device above is referred to as a gas injection device, it is to be under- stood that the principles of the device may also be used for other kind of injection valves. This may for instance be when the device is used for injection of other constituents such as well stimulation fluids, cutting injection, water injection etc.
- the present invention will provide a device where the flow path of the injection fluid is substantially less tortuous than other known gas injection valves due to more direct flow through the bore in the internal body and directly out through the slots. This also gives less pressure losses across the valve.
- the present invention is also a simplified device with few elements, compared with the majority of other known injection valves. This gives a more reliable device as well.
- the present invention also has a relatively large flow area through the device, compared with the majority of other known injection valves of similar size.
- FIG 1 a first embodiment of a device according to the invention, where the device is used as a gas lift valve which is to be positioned in a well stream.
- the device normally used as a gas lift valve, comprises an outer hollow housing 100 with an internal body 2 movable within the outer hollow housing 100.
- the internal body 2 is movable between a closed and an open position of the device, and is in this embodiment shown in an open position.
- the outer hollow housing 100 in this embodiment is manufactured of a main part 1 and a nose 11.
- the nose 11 is connected to the main part 1 with suitable means, for instance by a threaded connection.
- the outer hollow housing 100 In the outer hollow housing 100 are arranged one or more inlets 14 for injection fluid, where these inlets 14 are arranged around the circumference of the outer housing 100.
- the outer hollow housing 100 is arranged with four slots, two and two placed above each other.
- the inlets 14 are in contact with an injection fluid source (not shown).
- the injection fluid is flowing into an internal void 15 of the outer hollow housing 100 through an orifice 4 and into an internal bore 3 of the internal body 2.
- the orifice 4 in this embodiment is a separate unit, but is mounted by a threaded connection 7 on an outside of one end of the internal body 2, and forms therefore part of the in- ternal bore 3.
- the bore 3 stretches in the longitudinal direction of the internal body 2 from an end of the internal body 2 and nearly to the other end of the internal body 2.
- the injection fluid will thereafter in an open position of the valve flow trough one or more slots 6 leading from the internal bore 3 to the outside of the internal body 2.
- slots 6 are arranged around the circumference of the internal body 2, but there may of course be less or more slots 6 arranged around the circumference of the internal body 2.
- the slots 6 of the internal body are aligned with outlets 5 in the outer hollow housing 100, thereby leading the injection fluid out into the process fluid flow.
- the injection fluid will in this open position of the device therefore have a flow pattern with a minimum amount of bends and or other obstructions, where this will result in minimal pressure losses across the valve.
- the internal body 2 comprises an annular, valve sealing surface 19, with a mainly conical shaped surface.
- This surface 19 is arranged close to an end of the internal body 2 with the end of the conical shaped surface 19 with the larger diameter, furthest away from the slots 6 of the internal body 2.
- the slots 6 are arranged close to an end of the internal body 2, and the surface 19 closer to the same end of the internal body 2.
- the sealing surface 19 of the internal body cooperates with a valve seat 20 arranged in the outer hollow housing 100.
- the valve seat 20 in the outer hollow housing 100 is arranged on the relative speaking other side of the slots 6 and outlets 5, where these are aligned in an open position of the valve, compared with the sealing surface 19 of the internal body, seen in the longitudinal direction of the device.
- the internal body 2 In a closed position, the internal body 2 is moved relative the outer hollow housing 100 so that the sealing surface 19 is abutting the valve seat 20, giving a sealed, metal to metal seal for the valve.
- the slots 6 of the internal body 2 will be positioned within the valve and the outlets 5 of the outer hollow housing on the other side of the interaction between the sealing surface 19 and the valve seat 20.
- the sealing surface on the internal body 2 and the valve seat 20 in the outer hollow housing 100 will in an open position of the device be at least partly covered by the other element of the device, outer hollow house 100 and internal body 2 respectively.
- the orifice 4 have an important purpose in the device and that is to gain a critical flow for the injection medium, where this is obtained by separating the orifice 4 in three dif- ferent sections, namely an inlet section 8, a middle section 9 and a outlet section 10, leading the injection medium into the internal bore 3.
- three dif- ferent sections namely an inlet section 8, a middle section 9 and a outlet section 10, leading the injection medium into the internal bore 3.
- the sections 8, 9, 10 are connected with each other and can be made by machining the orifice 4 unit or by moulding. A skilled person will know how this could be done.
- the length of the different sections 8, 9, 10 in the orifice 4, when seen in the longitudinal direction of the device, are different, but they can also be of equal lengths.
- the inlet section 8 and the outlet section 10 have a form of a truncated and recti- linear cone. Loner surfaces or walls of the inlet section 8 and outlet section 10 form an angle 13 with a horizontal line 12, where this horizontal line 12 is an imaginary prolongation of the inner surface of the middle section 9.
- This angle 13 (opening angle) may for instance be up to eighty degrees, and in the shown embodiment the opening angle of the inlet section 8 is larger than the opening angle of the outlet section 10.
- the inlet section 8 will further narrow in to the same form or cross section as the middle section 9 has.
- the middle section 9 that connects the inlet section 8 and the outlet section 10, is shaped as a bore, where the inner surface is uniform and rectilinear.
- a centre axis 21 of the middle section 9 coincides with a centre axis 21 of the internal bore 3, and the inner surface of the middle section 9 is therefore parallel with the inner surface of the internal bore 3.
- the middle section 9 has further a smaller diameter than the internal bore 3.
- the outlet section 10 will have its smallest cross section where it is connected to the middle section 9, and will thereafter widen out when seen in the longitudinal direction of the device, until it connects with the internal bore 3.
- the orifice 4 still is formed as a truncated cone, but the inner surfaces or walls of the inlet section 8 and outlet section 10 are concavely shaped.
- pressurized gas at injection pressure enters device through inlets 16 and into the internal void 15 of the outer hollow housing 100, and flows thereafter through the orifice 4.
- the pressurized gas will gain an increase in flow velocity and reduction in pressure through the inlet section 8 of the orifice 4, where these parameters are "stabilized” in the middle section 9 of the orifice 4; over the outlet section 10 the flow velocity for the pressurized gas will decrease while the pressure will increase until the pressurized gas enters the internal bore 3, through which the parameters again are “stabilized”.
- the gas is then discharged through slots 6 and outlets 5 at production pressure, and passes into the production tubing.
- an outer hollow housing or internal body may be formed in one unit or be comprised of several connected elements, and that the inlets have to be connected to a source of fluid to be injected, that there should be appropriate attachment devices for attaching the valve within a process fluid stream, and that there of course will be arranged for instance sealing element between several elements as a standard.
- an outer hollow housing or internal body may be formed in one unit or be comprised of several connected elements, and that the inlets have to be connected to a source of fluid to be injected, that there should be appropriate attachment devices for attaching the valve within a process fluid stream, and that there of course will be arranged for instance sealing element between several elements as a standard.
Landscapes
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Characterised By The Charging Evacuation (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE602008004549T DE602008004549D1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | HIDDEN OPENING |
DK08793896.5T DK2181247T3 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Hidden opening |
CA2694906A CA2694906A1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Stealth orifice |
MX2010001510A MX2010001510A (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Stealth orifice. |
EP08793896A EP2181247B1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Stealth orifice |
US12/670,860 US20100212908A1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Stealth Orifice |
AT08793896T ATE495344T1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | COVERED OPENING |
BRPI0814832 BRPI0814832A2 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Variable intake port in an injection device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20074105 | 2007-08-07 | ||
NO20074105A NO327545B1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2007-08-07 | Device for injecting fluids |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009020396A1 true WO2009020396A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
Family
ID=40040039
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NO2008/000284 WO2009020396A1 (en) | 2007-08-07 | 2008-08-06 | Stealth orifice |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100212908A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2181247B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE495344T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0814832A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2694906A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602008004549D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2181247T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2010001510A (en) |
NO (1) | NO327545B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009020396A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007091898A1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-16 | Petroleum Technology Company As | Fluid injection device |
NO327543B1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2009-08-10 | Petroleum Technology Co As | Fluid Injection Device |
AU2015295629B2 (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2019-12-19 | Petroleum Technology Company As | Gas lift valve |
EP3607203A4 (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2020-12-02 | Baker Hughes, a GE company, LLC | Restrictive flow area section in an intake passage of a well pump |
CN116255106B (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2024-05-24 | 江苏金石机械集团有限公司 | Anti-theft integrated oil extraction gas wellhead device |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA461485A (en) | 1949-11-29 | E. Lindenblad Nils | Antenna feed system | |
US5707214A (en) | 1994-07-01 | 1998-01-13 | Fluid Flow Engineering Company | Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device and method for improving production rate, lift efficiency, and stability of gas lift wells |
US5743717A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1998-04-28 | Fluid Flow Engineering Company | Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device |
WO2002029209A1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Method and device to stabilise the production of oil wells |
WO2004092537A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Mandrel for a gas lift valve |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2173022A (en) * | 1938-03-23 | 1939-09-12 | Mitchell Juanita | Flow bean for oil wells |
US4565215A (en) * | 1980-07-16 | 1986-01-21 | Cummings Leslie L | Chemical injection valve |
US5070902A (en) * | 1990-12-05 | 1991-12-10 | Mcmurry Oil Tools, Inc. | Lateral orifice water regulator |
US5141056A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1992-08-25 | Den Norske Stats Oljeselskap A.S | Injection valve for injecting chemicals and similar liquid substances into subsurface formations |
US5190106A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-03-02 | Camco International Inc. | Well injection valve retrievable choke |
US5957208A (en) * | 1997-07-21 | 1999-09-28 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Flow control apparatus |
US6079496A (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 2000-06-27 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Reduced-shock landing collar |
US6390199B1 (en) * | 1999-09-21 | 2002-05-21 | Shell Oil Company | Downhole safety valve |
GB2351103B (en) * | 2000-07-11 | 2001-08-01 | Fmc Corp | Valve assembly for hydrocarbon wells |
GB0102485D0 (en) * | 2001-01-31 | 2001-03-14 | Sps Afos Group Ltd | Downhole Tool |
US6769490B2 (en) * | 2002-07-01 | 2004-08-03 | Allamon Interests | Downhole surge reduction method and apparatus |
US7308934B2 (en) * | 2005-02-18 | 2007-12-18 | Fmc Technologies, Inc. | Fracturing isolation sleeve |
NO327543B1 (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2009-08-10 | Petroleum Technology Co As | Fluid Injection Device |
US7779921B2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2010-08-24 | Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. | Wellhead completion assembly capable of versatile arrangements |
-
2007
- 2007-08-07 NO NO20074105A patent/NO327545B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-08-06 US US12/670,860 patent/US20100212908A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-06 EP EP08793896A patent/EP2181247B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-08-06 MX MX2010001510A patent/MX2010001510A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-08-06 DE DE602008004549T patent/DE602008004549D1/en active Active
- 2008-08-06 CA CA2694906A patent/CA2694906A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-08-06 BR BRPI0814832 patent/BRPI0814832A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-06 DK DK08793896.5T patent/DK2181247T3/en active
- 2008-08-06 AT AT08793896T patent/ATE495344T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-06 WO PCT/NO2008/000284 patent/WO2009020396A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA461485A (en) | 1949-11-29 | E. Lindenblad Nils | Antenna feed system | |
US5707214A (en) | 1994-07-01 | 1998-01-13 | Fluid Flow Engineering Company | Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device and method for improving production rate, lift efficiency, and stability of gas lift wells |
US5743717A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1998-04-28 | Fluid Flow Engineering Company | Nozzle-venturi gas lift flow control device |
WO2002029209A1 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Method and device to stabilise the production of oil wells |
WO2004092537A1 (en) | 2003-04-15 | 2004-10-28 | Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras | Mandrel for a gas lift valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK2181247T3 (en) | 2011-03-28 |
DE602008004549D1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
NO20074105L (en) | 2009-02-09 |
MX2010001510A (en) | 2010-03-15 |
US20100212908A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
ATE495344T1 (en) | 2011-01-15 |
NO327545B1 (en) | 2009-08-10 |
CA2694906A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
EP2181247A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
BRPI0814832A2 (en) | 2015-03-31 |
EP2181247B1 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
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