WO2009016628A2 - Utilisation d'uniconazole comme agent d'éclaircissage de fruits - Google Patents

Utilisation d'uniconazole comme agent d'éclaircissage de fruits Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009016628A2
WO2009016628A2 PCT/IL2008/001048 IL2008001048W WO2009016628A2 WO 2009016628 A2 WO2009016628 A2 WO 2009016628A2 IL 2008001048 W IL2008001048 W IL 2008001048W WO 2009016628 A2 WO2009016628 A2 WO 2009016628A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
uniconazole
fruit
plant
trees
thinning
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Application number
PCT/IL2008/001048
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2009016628A3 (fr
Inventor
Raphael Stern
Martin Goldway
Original Assignee
Gavish-Galilee Bio Applications Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Gavish-Galilee Bio Applications Ltd filed Critical Gavish-Galilee Bio Applications Ltd
Publication of WO2009016628A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009016628A2/fr
Publication of WO2009016628A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009016628A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
    • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for thinning fruits in trees and particularly to the use of uniconazole for dilution of over-cropping of a variety of fruit plants.
  • Pollination and fertilization are essential steps in the long route to fruiting.
  • the sex organs of flowers are the anthers producing pollen (the source of male gametes) and the pistil producing the egg (the female gamete). If the pollen and the stigma, the receptive apex of the pistil on which pollen is deposited at pollination, are compatible, the pollen takes up water (hydrates) and the pollen tube emerges. The pollen tube grows down the style toward the micropyle of the ovule. Pollen tube growth is quite slow in gymnosperms (up to a year), while in some angiosperms the tube can grow as rapidly as 1 cm/hour.
  • NAA naphthalene acetic acid
  • carbaryl is toxic to honeybee and is regarded as ecologically dangerous.
  • chemical thinning is not efficient. The only alternative is hand thinning, which is time consuming and expensive. It would be very desirable to provide a fruit thinner that is non-toxic and exhibits stable activity.
  • Uniconazole is an isomeric mixture of ( ⁇ S, ⁇ E)- ⁇ -[(4- chlorophenyl)methylene]- ⁇ -( 1 , 1 -dimethylethyl)- IH-1 ,2,4-triazole- 1 -ethanol.
  • the geometrical isomers were first disclosed in JP Patent No. 56108773 as intermediates for the corresponding ethers, and uniconazole was subsequently disclosed in US Patent No. 4,554,007.
  • Uniconazole is currently approved for use as a fungicide or plant growth regulator, in particular for ornamental plants, for example for reducing plant height and increasing flowering in some plants (Rademacher, 2000).
  • Gibberellic acid is known to affect cell elongation and division and has been disclosed as being involved in seed development and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis (Singh et al., 2002).
  • the triazole paclobutrazole is also used as a plant growth regulator and it has been suggested that it may act as a flower or fruitlet thinner for the plum cultivar Victoria (Webster and Andrews, 1985; 1986; Webster and Quinlan, 1984) and peach trees (Blanco, 1986).
  • the present invention relates to a method for thinning fruit on a fruit- carrying plant comprising applying uniconazole to said plant during anthesis.
  • uniconazole causes the rejection of pollen grains and thus prevents fertilization.
  • the present invention provides a composition for diluting fruit on a fruit-carrying plant comprising uniconazole and an agriculturally acceptable carrier.
  • Figs. 1-20 depict initial fruit set percentage (Fig. IA) and final fruit set percentage (Fig. IB) of Canino apricot as a function of different concentrations of uniconazole (g/L) applied to the trees at 30% of full bloom (FB, *) or 100% FB
  • Fig. 2 shows the duration of hand thinning (min tree "1 ) of Canino apricot after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB (*) or l00% FB (**).
  • Figs 3A-3B show amount of thinning after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to Canino apricot trees at 30% FB (*) or 100% FB (**).
  • FIG. 3B depicts photographs of fruitlets thinned from trees subjected to the different conditions (concentration of uniconazole and full bloom percentage are indicated at the top of each picture).
  • Figs. 4A-4B depict total yield (Fig. 4A) and fruit size distribution (Fig. 4B) of Canino apricot after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB (*) or 100% FB ( ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • Fig. 5 shows fruit set percentage of B ing cherries. During the bloom period of the Bing cherry, different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB (*) and 100% FB (**).
  • Fig. 7 depicts the percentage of large fruit of Bing cherries out of total yield after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB (*) or 100% FB (**).
  • Fig. 8 shows the correlation between the total yield of Bing cherries and the yield of large fruit.
  • Fig. 9 depicts final fruit set percentage of Canino apricot after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB.
  • Fig. 10 shows thinning duration (min tree '1 ) of Canino apricot after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB.
  • Figs. 12A-12B depict total yield (kg tree-1) of Canino apricot (12A) and fruit size distribution (kg tree-1) (12B) of Canino apricot after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB.
  • Fig. 13 shows fruit set percentage of Bing cherry after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB.
  • Figs. 14A-14B depict total yield (Fig. 14A) and fruit size distribution (Fig. 14B) of Bing cherry after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 30% FB.
  • Fig 15 shows correlation between the total yield of Bing cherries and the yield of large fruit.
  • Fig. 16 shows fruit set percentage of Black Diamond plums. During the bloom period of the Black Diamond plum trees, different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 100% FB.
  • Fig. 17 shows the duration of hand thinning (min tree "1 ) of Black Diamond plum trees after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 100% FB.
  • Fig. 18 shows total yield of Black Diamond plum after different concentrations of uniconazole were applied to the trees at 100% FB.
  • Fig. 19 shows correlation between Black Diamond plum fruit size and the concentration of uniconazole used to spray the tree at 100% FB.
  • a method for thinning fruit on fruit- carrying plants comprising applying uniconazole to said plant during anthesis. It has been found in accordance with the present invention that uniconazole stops pollen growth, whereby it inhibits the pollen tube germination in the flower's style, and consequently prevents fertilization.
  • the present invention further provides a method for rejecting germinating pollen on a fruit- carrying plant comprising applying uniconazole to said plant during anthesis. As a result of the rejection of some of the germinating pollen, less fruit will develop on the fruit carrying plant, and therefore nutrient supply will limit fruit growth to a lesser extent and each developing fruit will grow to become larger than if the tree had been left untreated.
  • the uniconazole composition is applied with a commercial air blast sprayer. More preferably, the composition is applied to the plant to the point just before run-off (the point at which the solution starts to drip off the plant). As described herein for fruit trees, spraying a volume of 2 liters per tree using a low pressure handgun sprayer results in such coverage that is just before the point of run-off; however, the volume of uniconazole solution sprayed onto the plant should be adapted to the size of the plant undergoing treatment. Moreover, different methods of spraying differ in their efficiency of applying the solution onto the flowers of a plant.
  • the uniconazole can be applied to the plant at any time during anthesis up to 100% full bloom, but the optimal time window for application of the uniconazole solution is in a period from about 20% to about 50% of full bloom, more preferably at 30% of full bloom.
  • Full bloom is defined herein as the time when all flower buds on a flowering plant have developed into mature flowers.
  • the uniconazole concentration applied to the plant may range from about 0.05 to about 0.15 g/L, and is preferably about 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.10, 0.11, 0.12, 0.13, 0.14 or 0.15 g/L, more preferably about 0.1 g/L.
  • a total amount of between about 0.1 and 0.3 g uniconazole, and preferably about 0.2 g uniconazole is applied per tree.
  • the striking results obtained are surprising in view of the very low concentrations used as compared with the concentrations in the intended use of uniconazole as plant growth regulator (inhibitor), which are in the range of 0.5-2 g/L uniconazole.
  • the preferred method for thinning fruit on a fruit-carrying plant comprises applying to said plant at 30% of full bloom a uniconazole solution having a concentration of 0.1 g/L to the point just before runoff.
  • the preferred method for rejecting germinating pollen on a fruit-carrying plant comprises applying to said plant at 30% of full bloom a uniconazole solution having a concentration of 0.1 g/L to the point just before run-off
  • the method of the invention may be applied to any fruit-carrying plant and thus to any fruit-carrying tree.
  • the method is applied to fruit- carrying plants belonging to the Rosaceae family such as, but not limited to, apples, plums, pears, cherries, almonds, peaches and apricots.
  • the method of the invention is applied to apricots, cherries and plums. It has been found that spraying apricot, cherry, and plum trees at bloom with uniconazole at appropriate concentrations and at an appropriate fraction of full bloom, reduces significantly the number of fruitlets and the time required to manually thin the trees to obtain larger size fruit.
  • the uniconazole can be applied to the plants in any suitable form, for example with a surfactant such as the nonionic surfactant Triton-X 100.
  • a surfactant such as the nonionic surfactant Triton-X 100.
  • the product Magic used in the following examples, contains 50gr/L uniconazole as active ingredient. It is sold in Israel as a plant growth regulator by Agan Chemical Manufacturers, Ltd., based on the product (also known as
  • Example 1 Treatment of Canino apricot trees with uniconazole.
  • Percentage data were subjected to arcsin transformation before analysis of variance to provide a normal distribution. Data were analyzed for statistical significance by the general linear model (GLM) procedure. Duncan's new multiple range test was applied to compare treatments when ANOVA showed significant differences among the means (PO.05).
  • the initial fruit set percentage (which was measured three weeks after full bloom) was half of that found in the control when the concentration of uniconazole was 0.125 and 0.25 g/L, while spraying with the higher concentration of 0.5 g/L reduced the number of fruitlets to only a third of the control.
  • Treatment with 0.5 g/L uniconazole at full bloom, or with 0.25 g/L at 30% of full bloom and then with 0.5 g/L solution at full bloom resulted in only 3% fruit set percentage (Fig IA).
  • the final fruit set percentage was similar to the initial fruit set percentage (Fig. IB).
  • the duration time for thinning was reduced to about 60% of that of the control for the trees treated with the low concentrations of 0.125 and 0.25 g/L uniconazole, while for trees treated with the higher concentration of 0.5 g/L just a few fruitlets were produced by each tree and there was no need for thinning (Fig. 2).
  • Fig. 7 shows that at 0.125 g/L uniconazole the yield of large fruit was markedly and significantly higher compared to the control. Up to a crop-load of 40 kg per tree the correlation between total yield and yield of large fruit is positive, while in heavy crop-loaded trees the correlation becomes strongly negative (Fig. 8).
  • Example 3 Treatment of Canino apricot trees with uniconazole.
  • the fruit set percentage was again about half of that found in the control when the concentration of uniconazole was 0.05 or 0.1 g/L, while spraying with 0.2 g/L reduced the number of fruitlet to only quarter of the control (Fig. 9). The highest concentration of uniconazole reduced the fruit set percentage to almost zero.
  • the duration time for thinning was reduced to about 60% of that of the control for the trees treated with the low concentrations of 0.05 g/L while in the higher concentrations of 0.1 - 0.4 g/L the duration time of hand thinning was only about 25% of the control (Fig. 10).
  • the amount of hand-thinned fruitlet was almost half of the control for the trees treated with the low concentrations of 0.05 g/L while in the higher concentrations of 0.1- 0.4 g/L the amount were significantly lower (Fig. 11).
  • Example 5 Treatment of Black Diamond plum trees with uniconazole.
  • the fruit set percentage was about half of that found in the control when the concentration of uniconazole was 0.1 g/L, while spraying with higher concentrations reduced the number of fruitlet to only 1/10 of the control (Fig. 16).
  • 5.5 Duration of hand thinning About one month after full bloom, hand thinning was applied (in parallel to the hand thinning in the commercial orchards) and the duration of picking was measured. All trees were thinned by the same technician. The duration time for thinning was reduced to about 65% of that of the control for the trees treated with the low concentrations of 0.05 g/L At 0.1 g/L the duration time of hand thinning was only about 30% of the control (Fig. 17).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour l'éclaircissage de fruits sur une plante portant des fruits. Ce procédé comprend l'application d'uniconazole à ladite plante pendant l'anthèse.
PCT/IL2008/001048 2007-07-31 2008-07-30 Utilisation d'uniconazole comme agent d'éclaircissage de fruits WO2009016628A2 (fr)

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US95309807P 2007-07-31 2007-07-31
US60/953,098 2007-07-31

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102365957A (zh) * 2011-09-13 2012-03-07 辽宁师范大学 一种烯效唑微乳剂、制备方法及应用
WO2019092604A3 (fr) * 2017-11-07 2019-06-20 Tip Agri (Pty) Limited Traitement de plante

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993021767A1 (fr) * 1992-05-01 1993-11-11 Mycogen Corporation Nouveaux procedes et nouvelles compositions pour l'eclaircissage des arbres fruitiers
US5665680A (en) * 1994-08-24 1997-09-09 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Method for increasing yield of soybean by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis
WO2003032732A1 (fr) * 2001-10-16 2003-04-24 Hans Merensky Holdings (Pty) Limited Procede de traitement de plantes a fruits

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1993021767A1 (fr) * 1992-05-01 1993-11-11 Mycogen Corporation Nouveaux procedes et nouvelles compositions pour l'eclaircissage des arbres fruitiers
US5665680A (en) * 1994-08-24 1997-09-09 Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited Method for increasing yield of soybean by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis
WO2003032732A1 (fr) * 2001-10-16 2003-04-24 Hans Merensky Holdings (Pty) Limited Procede de traitement de plantes a fruits

Non-Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BLANCO A: "FRUIT THINNING OF PEACH TREES PRUNUS-PERSICA L. BATSCH. THE EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL ON FRUIT DROP AND SHOOT GROWTH" JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, vol. 62, no. 2, 1987, pages 147-156, XP009128840 ISSN: 0022-1589 cited in the application *
LEONARDI, J.: "New Strategies and Tools for avocado Canopy Management" NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA AVOCADO GROWER'S CONFERENCE '05- SESSIOM 9- FRUIT AND SIZE PRODUCTION, 20 September 2005 (2005-09-20), - 22 September 2005 (2005-09-22) pages 1-15, XP002566700 TAURANGA, NEW ZEALAND *
RADEMACHER WILHELM ET AL: "Growth retardants: Effects on gibberellin biosynthesis and other metabolic pathways" ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ANNUAL REVIEWS {A}, 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PALO ALTO, CA, 94303-0139, USA SERIES : ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND PLANT M, 2000, pages 501-531, XP002566703 ISSN: 0-8243-0651-1 *
RENTER, M.G. ET AL.: "The effect of growth inhibitors on vegetative growth, fruit size and fruit set in Hass avocado trees: a preliminary report" SOUTH AFRICAN AVOCADO GROWER'S ASSOCIATION YEARBOOK, vol. 21, no. 54-57, 1998, pages 1-9, XP002566701 South Africa *
SINGH DAVINDER P ET AL: "Gibberellins are required for seed development and pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis." PLANT CELL, vol. 14, no. 12, December 2002 (2002-12), pages 3133-3147, XP002566702 ISSN: 1040-4651 cited in the application *
SREEDHAR V. M. ; SHREE M. P. ; BORAIAH G: "Pollen germination and pollen tube growth of mulberry as influenced by triazole compounds" SERICOLOGIA, vol. 31, no. 4, 1991, pages 693-701, XP009128999 *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102365957A (zh) * 2011-09-13 2012-03-07 辽宁师范大学 一种烯效唑微乳剂、制备方法及应用
WO2019092604A3 (fr) * 2017-11-07 2019-06-20 Tip Agri (Pty) Limited Traitement de plante

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