WO2009014480A9 - Method and arrangement for energy conversion of heat - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for energy conversion of heat Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009014480A9
WO2009014480A9 PCT/SE2008/000460 SE2008000460W WO2009014480A9 WO 2009014480 A9 WO2009014480 A9 WO 2009014480A9 SE 2008000460 W SE2008000460 W SE 2008000460W WO 2009014480 A9 WO2009014480 A9 WO 2009014480A9
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
working fluid
condensate
stage
fluid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2008/000460
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009014480A1 (en
Inventor
Bengt Henry Nilsson
Original Assignee
Ultirec
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ultirec filed Critical Ultirec
Publication of WO2009014480A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009014480A1/en
Publication of WO2009014480A9 publication Critical patent/WO2009014480A9/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/067—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion heat coming from a gasification or pyrolysis process, e.g. coal gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
    • F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]

Definitions

  • the heat source for example can be of residual/waste heat, geothermal heat and solar heat.
  • Known technology represents by an organic working medium/fluid into a Rankine-cycle, ORC - Organic Rankine Cycle - by the liquid phase vaporization of the working fluid by the actual heat source, after which the vaporized fluid is expanded into a turbine, which runs a generator for electricity/power production. About 10 % of the added heat is converted into power. After this the working fluid is condensed by heat exchanging against a conventional district heating net or cooling tower, air or water cooling, when the fluid returns to the heat source during low temperature.
  • the vaporized fluid contains troublesome parts of not vaporized liquid - as droplets - causing erosion problems within the expander turbine. That problem has been tried out to go around by some type of relative slow rotating double screw expander.
  • the invention presents both method and arrangement for recovering energy from any kind of heat sources with conversion into mechanical energy as well as production of useful heat and/or chill.
  • the heat source for example consists of residual/waste/secondary heat, flue/fuel gas, additional heat by combustion of for example bio-gas/natural gas, warm/tropic surface sea water or similar, return fluid of district heating net, geothermal heat and above all solar heat - the later for use of solar thermal collectors or solar power stations.
  • the method comprises at least one working medium/fluid as energy carrier, for example hydrogen carbon compound as thermal oil and/or organic working medium/fluid, which is circulated into at least one closed loop/cycle between the sequences of pressurized vaporization, expansion and condensation.
  • working medium/fluid as energy carrier for example hydrogen carbon compound as thermal oil and/or organic working medium/fluid
  • the working fluid consists of— for example heat source utilization of high temperature - two different loops/cycles of energy carriers with separate vaporization temperatures and an intermediate heat exchanger.
  • the vaporization takes place by actual heat source, after which pressurized fluid mainly in gaseous state — henceforth termed as steam flow — is expanded by at least one expander turbine or similar apparatus of type rotating turbo machine preferably to be followed by condensate separation, when condensation cooling occurs with or without, totally or partially, counter current fed fractions of condensate from any of the ending expander turbine stages of condensate separation of lower temperature, which condensate in stages is fed towards previous condensate feeding pipe to the vaporization stage/solar thermal collector etc.
  • the generation of mechanical energy/power - according to the type of heat sources - occurs within the area of 15-25 % of the supplied heat.
  • the capacity of the plant is increased by an increased flow and/or less area of the heat exchanger/thermal collector/absorber area.
  • the condensate fractions are preferably connected to the piping by some type of ejector.
  • suitable working fluid/s is/are chosen - and by that the vaporization temperature - as well as required additional condensation stage, which comprises all from the production of valuable water- steam for further energy production, district heating fluid, conventional air or water cooling to the integration of any type of heat pump - when both heat as well as chill make possible co production - as absorption heat pump, compression heat pump or some kind of double heat pump 44, 54 with integrated compressor 40, all according to in other respects known proceedings, embracing sustainable/renewable energy recovery via ground/rock heat or corresponding.
  • a most interesting application consists of the integration of solar thermal collector and heat pump via a mutual working fluid.
  • Higher pressurization of the working fluid during the vaporization sequence corresponds to higher vaporization temperature, and by that higher energy efficiency.
  • the innovation makes possible, small- as well as large-scale operation plants in the form of local power plants/power heat plants respective larger units, during effective and environmentally sustainable energy conversion, of for example normally used to be seen as low temperature heat sources, to produce power as primary energy and - when suitable - also water carried heat for example house/premises heating and domestic hot water, and in occurring cases also chill.
  • the invention makes possible a simple and robust system for the production of mechanical energy as power within places rich of solar or geothermal heat, where the requirements of heating-plants are of secondary importance or the condensation stage of the working fluid for example is integrated to the operation of cooling plant by — according to in other respects known process technology - for example absorption heat pump 57 or some kind of double installed heat pumps 44, 54 with compressor 40 in common.
  • Solar heat/absorbing/collecting panels are possible to make in a number of coupled up in series and/or in parallel and comprising one or a system of solar heat concentrators, for example in the form of directive/paraboloidal mirrors in other respects known technology, and by that essentially increasing the temperature at the solar panel outlet of one or preferably more working fluids during corresponding increased energy production.
  • the method exemplified by an ORC-system, is by the way possible to utilize at places rich of sunlight for driving all means of conveyances at land, sea or into the air — a real kind of an environmental/hybrid vehicle. It is suitable to install a back up system in form of brought fuel
  • the working fluid however is not bounded to an organic substance or hydrogen carbon compound, but also other substance or substances, or representing different working fluids.
  • the invention represents a useful complement to earlier International Patent Application No.
  • PCT/SE2007/000056 “Method and arrangement for energy conversion in stages”, — with or without any kind of heat pumps of the invention - utilizing the residual heat of the said
  • the present invention for a sustainable energy conversion, constitutes the ultimate recovery and represents a real break through - a technology leap up to a quit new technology platform, a BAT-technology (Best Available Technology) - above all when considering the efforts to reduce/eliminate the discharge of greenhouse promotion gases including the possibilities to a very profitable trading by discharge permissions.
  • the working fluid 30 of the ORC-system includes solar thermal collector 1 for the absorption of solar heat 2 A - and/or another kind of heat 2B according to dashed lines — when a pressurized mainly gaseous flow 3 is produced, henceforth normally termed steam flow, which connects the first expander turbine 21 with the discharge of steam/condensate flow 4/4 A connecting equipment 15 for the separation of steam and condensate phases, after which the steam phase 5 connects next expander turbine stage 22 with the discharge of steam/condensate flow 6/6 A connecting equipment 16 for the separation of steam and condensate phases, after which the steam phase 7 connects the ending expander turbine stage 23, which by previous condensate separations 15 and 16 results in some reduced discharged mainly gaseous flow 8, preferably during vacuum or atmospheric, after which said flow 8 connects heat exchanger 47 constituting some kind of condensation stage.
  • the working fluid by piping 9 is now in liquid state and is pressurized by pump 12A and in stages fed in counter current by piping 9 A against piping 10 and/or by piping 9B for controlled partial steam condensation in piping 6 A.
  • the condensate flow by piping 9A makes possible by pump 12B connections into either piping 1OA for further connection to solar thermal collector etc. 1 and/or by piping 1OB against previous expander turbine discharge 4 of higher temperature for - when suitable — a controlled partial steam condensation in piping 4A followed by above said condensate separation by arrangement 15, after which the working fluid 30, by the total flow of preheated condensate 11 and pump 13, returns into the solar thermal collector/heat exchanger 1, and the cycle is completed.
  • Power 25 is produced by the generator 24 connected to the three stage expander turbine.
  • Heat exchanger 47 of the condensation stage consists of cooling water 46 for warm water production or represents part of conventional heat pump, or some kind of doubled heat pump with compressor 40 in common, alternatively an absorption heat pump for the production of heat and/or chill, which appears by later figures.
  • Dashed lines describes the integration principle of the heat pump energy well 31 by the condensation stage 9 of the working fluid and the collector hose 32, when heat is transmitted into the ground/rock etc. respective absorbed heat when required - which later appears by figure 5.
  • the pressurized working mostly gaseous fluid 3 connects expander turbine 21, with the discharge of steam/condensate flow 4/4 A connecting equipment 15 for separation of the steam and condensate phases, after which the steam phase 5 connects the ending expander turbine stage 22, which by the previous condensate separation by device 15 results in some reduced ending/discharged mainly gaseous flow 6, preferably during vacuum or atmospheric, after which said flow 6 connects heat exchanger/air cooler/radiator 61 for steam condensation, after that the condensate flow 10 is fed by pump 12 to be distributed between piping 1OA and
  • the ORC-system 30 is made up by pump 13 feeding the preheated condensate 11 into the solar thermal collector 2A, and the closed cycle is completed.
  • the condensation stage for the remaining steam/condensation phase of the working fluid 30 thus consists of said air cooler/radiator 61 and when required furthermore utilizing vaporizer 62 for cooled back up fuel 63 by piping 64 to said combustion arrangement 2B.
  • the brought fuel for example consists of bio-gas/methane CHVLNG
  • the conveying equipment by that constitutes a real hybrid/environmental friendly vehicle making possible operation by most of all solar heat/energy2A, but thus when required also combustion arrangement 2B as well as power 25 via accumulator/battery 58 for operation by electric motor 59.
  • Generator 24 is preferably reversed and utilized as starting motor.
  • Solar heat 2A including the possibility for an alternative/additional heat source 2B, according to dashed lines, is utilized for the production of power 25 as well as any type of conventional heat pump, absorption heat pump 57 or some kind of doubled heat pumps 44, 54 with preferably compressor 40 in common for the production of district heating 44V and district cooling 44K to dwelling-house/residential block 50.
  • Heat source is also to be used by heat flue gases 2B from any kind of business, for example from oven of wood-fired bakery, when power 25, chill 44K and local heat including domestic hot water 44V are produced — thus an activity close to self producing of energy by the hot flue gases from renewable fuel, besides a very profitable trading by discharge permissions.
  • This figure presents the ORC-system integration to the residual heat 2B in accordance to dashed lines, when the said residual heat is utilized as driving energy in connection to at least one of the later expansion stages according to the International Patent Application PCT/SE2007/000056: "Method and arrangement for energy conversion in stages", which includes both a closed as well as an open system of the said Application.
  • the actual heat sources 2 A and/or 2B are utilized for the production of power 25 with the possibility for energy storing in the form of produced hydrogen H 2 by an electrolysis process 26, according to dashed lines and in other respects known technology.
  • the ORC-system condensation stage for mainly gaseous rest fluid 6 represents by transmitting/ground/rock storing of said fluid 6 into energy well 31 to be integrated to the heat pump collector hose 32, according to dashed lines.
  • Condensate fraction 10 preferably connects the return piping 11 of the solar thermal collector etc.
  • piping 1OA by piping 1OA and/or when suitable also the discharge piping 4 of the expander turbine 21 by piping 1OB for example via some type of ejector 1OE, when piping 4A constitutes a controlled partial condensation stage for the residual steam before device 15 for separation of steam phase 5 from the said condensate phase 11.
  • the figure describes the ORC-system, by among other things, integration of in other respects conventional compressor driven heat pump, when the heat source represents by solar thermal collector etc.
  • the heat content of the ending working fluid 6, mainly in gaseous state is utilized in two stages - the first - by heat exchanger 47 producing domestic hot water for dwelling- house/residential block 50 during the warm season via pump/piping system 45 and 46 respectively.
  • the second stage utilizes the heat — both the naturally/virgin as well as transmitted - into the energy well 31 by the collector hose 32 with circulation pump 49 of the heat pump for heating said dwelling-house/residential block 50 with domestic hot water preferably during the cold season.
  • the heat pump arrangement comprises by power driven 25A compressor 40 with the working fluid cycle/refrigerant 43, condenser 41 with the house heating loop 44, expansion/throttle valve 42 - or another device with corresponding function - and vaporizer 48.
  • the figure has similar apparatus edification as the previous figure.
  • the conventional expansion valve 42 normally a throttling body between the high and low pressure side of the cycle, is exchanged wholly or partly by in stages ORC-loop expansion, because both the working fluid loops 30 are in common, by that the pressure as well as temperature of the working fluid are lowered in corresponding way. Number of revolutions and operation pressure by the heat pump compressor are chosen according to the required effect.
  • the next figure 8B describes the winter/colder period, when the said energy well 31 with collector hose 6/32 is utilized as a vaporizer of the working fluid 30.
  • This figure 8A thus describes the utilization of solar heat 2A, and/or other heat 2B, by solar thermal collector/heat exchanger 1 as a vaporizer of the working fluid 30 during the summer period, after which the pressurized mainly gaseous fluid 3 is expanded by the expander turbine 21, which discharge 4 connects device 15 for separation of condensate phase 11 from steam phase 5, which steam phase connects next expander turbine 22 during power production 25 via generator 24, after which the turbine discharge 6 - as an alternative - connects heat exchanger 47 for, in dependence of the heat source, a temperature controlled production of domestic hot water 46, and/or the said turbine discharge fluid 6 is fed down into the energy well 31 via collector hose 6/32 for the working fluid condensation, when the heat accumulates into the ground/rock around said energy well 31 - in order to later be utilized when the heat is "reversed" during the winter period according to the next figure 8B.
  • This sample of the invention presents heat storing into the borehole energy well 31 and utilized for the delivery of both district heating 44V as well as district cooling 44K for dwelling-house/residential block 50.
  • the figure describes a heat pump arrangement in accordance to earlier descriptions, but thus with a complementary arrangement also producing district cooling by circulation/loop 54 between vaporizer 48 and heat exchanger/district cooling 44K.
  • a high storing tower 55 for temperature stratification is included into the circulation/loop 54.
  • the figure presents conventional expansion valve 42 into the doubled heat pump circulation/loop 43, during very high total energy factor.
  • This exemplification of the invention presents two stage heat absorption by an ORC-system with completing condensation/heat sinking stage within the lower, colder deeply part of for example a tropic sea.
  • the heat absorption takes place from solar heat, warm sea surface water and/or discharge of residual heat from condensation steam turbines.
  • the later comprises power heat stations during summer periods and above all nuclear power plants, where cooling water discharge has a temperature of approx. 35°C — or sometimes even higher, which also is valid the surface water temperature at for example tropic seas.
  • the working fluid 30 of the system is finally vaporized by solar heat 2 A via solar heat collector IA, after which the pressurized mainly gaseous fluid 3 connects expander turbine stage 21 with discharge steam/condensate flow 4 connecting device 15 for separation of the steam phase 5 from the condensate phase 11, after which the said steam phase 5 connects the ending expander turbine stage 22, with intermediate condensate separation 11 by said device 15 whereby the steam/condensate fluid outlet 6 is reduced from the expander turbine 22 - preferably during atmospheric or vacuum.
  • the said fluid 6 thus brings deeply down into the sea water 2B, for suitable natural cooling, with completed condensation into some kind of cooling panel surface 47, after which the condensed working fluid 10 is split up by piping 1OA and/or 1OB in accordance to intended, chosen conditions.
  • the condensate flow 1OB connects — when suitable — via ejector 1OE piping 4A for a controlled partial steam condensation of flow 4.
  • the condensate flow 11 connects the surface thermal panel IB, which suitably performs floating upon the water surface 2B, to be preheated/partly vaporized, after which the total fluid flow 12 connects the said solar thermal collector 1 - and the ORC-system with for example ammonia NH 3 as a working fluid is completed.
  • This ending exemplification of the invention presents an arrangement comprising two different kinds of working fluids of different vaporization temperatures as energy carriers, with the driving energy from some kind of solar thermal strengthened/paraboloidal collector 2 A and/or another heat source 2B.
  • the first loop of the working fluid consists of thermally stable hydrogen carbon compound 301 - intended for a higher temperature - and the other, second loop of an organic compound 302 - intended for a lower temperature. Both the loops are connected to each other in counter current by heat exchanger 48, and both the loops producing power via generator 241 and 242 by expansion in stages by expander turbines 211/221 respective 212/222 with intermediate device for separation of condensate fractions 151 respective 152.
  • Both the loops completing condensate separation 101 and 102 are returned in counter current and stages from a lower temperature level towards a higher one with moreover a possible condensate split up by piping 101 A and 102 A against heat source 2 A via the first loop of working fluid 301 and heat exchanger 48 respective heat exchanger 48 into the second loop of working fluid 302, and/or a condensate split up by piping 101 B and 102B for controlled partial steam condensation into piping 41 A and 42A of respective loop.
  • High pressure water-steam 91 - for further conventional energy conversion into power - is produced by heat exchanging 472A/472B of feed-steam-water 82 by the second loop of expander turbine discharge 62/42, when preheated flow of feed-steam- water/steam 83 is heat exchanged/vaporized/superheated, partly or as a whole, with heat exchanging 471 A/47 IB by the first loop of expander turbine discharge 61 and 41 respective.
  • the second loop of condensation/heat sinking stage is made up by the ending steam/condensate piping 102 fed down into the ground/rock/energy well 31 for integration to the heat pump collector hose 32 according to earlier descriptions.
  • Said water-steam production 91 is possible to exchange alternatively made up by the production of a district heating fluid, or the residual heat constitutes driving force for an absorption heat pump, which is not cleared by the figure.
  • Both the first and second loop are designed and positioned in accordance to previous figures, why further descriptions are left out.
  • one or more working fluids also can consist of a mixture of different substances and/or compounds besides organic and/or hydrogen carbon compounds, also when the invention is exemplified by described ORC-system.
  • pressurized working fluid or medium includes expansion down to atmospheric or vacuum.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and arrangement for recovering energy (25, 26) from any kind of heat sources (2A, 2B), during sustained environmental and economical considerations, by at least one closed circulating system comprising at least one working medium/fluid (30) into an Organic Rankine Cycle - ORC - which fluid in liquid phase is pressurized and vaporized by said heat source, after which the gaseous phase of the said fluid is expansion cooled by at least one expander turbine (21, 22) preferably comprising at least two partial stages with intermediate separation of condensate (15, 16), when the condensation cooling takes place preferably during counter current fed condensate fractions (9, 10, 11) with in stages heat transmitting, simultaneously the working fluid is preheated before the return into the vaporization stage (1), when required the condensation effect is more strengthened by some form of supplementary cooling/heat sinking stage, during production of both mechanical energy (25) as well as heat (46). Heat pump system (32) with energy well (31) or corresponding is advantageously integrated to the arrangement for production of heat (44, 44V, 46) and when required chill (44K).

Description

METHOD AND ARRANGEMENT FORENERGY CONVERSION OF HEAT
State of the art and problems
There is a great necessity of a method for the recovery of energy from any kind of heat sources by conversion into mechanical energy and useful heat. The heat source for example can be of residual/waste heat, geothermal heat and solar heat.
Known technology represents by an organic working medium/fluid into a Rankine-cycle, ORC - Organic Rankine Cycle - by the liquid phase vaporization of the working fluid by the actual heat source, after which the vaporized fluid is expanded into a turbine, which runs a generator for electricity/power production. About 10 % of the added heat is converted into power. After this the working fluid is condensed by heat exchanging against a conventional district heating net or cooling tower, air or water cooling, when the fluid returns to the heat source during low temperature. The vaporized fluid contains troublesome parts of not vaporized liquid - as droplets - causing erosion problems within the expander turbine. That problem has been tried out to go around by some type of relative slow rotating double screw expander.
Description of the invention
In general
The invention presents both method and arrangement for recovering energy from any kind of heat sources with conversion into mechanical energy as well as production of useful heat and/or chill. The heat source for example consists of residual/waste/secondary heat, flue/fuel gas, additional heat by combustion of for example bio-gas/natural gas, warm/tropic surface sea water or similar, return fluid of district heating net, geothermal heat and above all solar heat - the later for use of solar thermal collectors or solar power stations.
The method comprises at least one working medium/fluid as energy carrier, for example hydrogen carbon compound as thermal oil and/or organic working medium/fluid, which is circulated into at least one closed loop/cycle between the sequences of pressurized vaporization, expansion and condensation.
When necessary the working fluid consists of— for example heat source utilization of high temperature - two different loops/cycles of energy carriers with separate vaporization temperatures and an intermediate heat exchanger. The vaporization takes place by actual heat source, after which pressurized fluid mainly in gaseous state — henceforth termed as steam flow — is expanded by at least one expander turbine or similar apparatus of type rotating turbo machine preferably to be followed by condensate separation, when condensation cooling occurs with or without, totally or partially, counter current fed fractions of condensate from any of the ending expander turbine stages of condensate separation of lower temperature, which condensate in stages is fed towards previous condensate feeding pipe to the vaporization stage/solar thermal collector etc. and/or towards previous expander turbine discharge, or its nearness, of higher temperature causing partial steam condensation, whereby when required condensation cooling is controlled by heat exchanging in stages preferably direct , simultaneously the counter current fed condensate/working fluid is preheated before the return into said vaporization stage/solar thermal collector etc., while the last expansion stage condensate — preferably during atmospheric or vacuum, with or without barometric condensate fall leg with liquid seal - gives the corresponding lower temperature during reduced flow thanks to the previous condensation/separation, simultaneously the heat content of the condensate/working fluid is displayed towards previous process stage - the vaporization stage - after which the thermodynamic cycle is completed.
When total or partial application of the condensation cooling in stages and counter current fed condensate fractions - comprising separation of condensate fractions — the total cooling requirements are reduced in the corresponding way.
The generation of mechanical energy/power - according to the type of heat sources - occurs within the area of 15-25 % of the supplied heat.
Thanks to the return of preheated condensate/working fluid into the heat source the capacity of the plant is increased by an increased flow and/or less area of the heat exchanger/thermal collector/absorber area.
When counter current fed condensate fractions, towards previous discharge - or the nearness
- of the expander turbines, the condensate fractions are preferably connected to the piping by some type of ejector.
Thanks to the condensate separation in stages during the expansion progress, erosion problems into the expander turbine are prohibited.
Depending on type of heat source, process pressure and temperature as well as the counter current fed condensate with or without/total or partial steam condensation, suitable working fluid/s is/are chosen - and by that the vaporization temperature - as well as required additional condensation stage, which comprises all from the production of valuable water- steam for further energy production, district heating fluid, conventional air or water cooling to the integration of any type of heat pump - when both heat as well as chill make possible co production - as absorption heat pump, compression heat pump or some kind of double heat pump 44, 54 with integrated compressor 40, all according to in other respects known proceedings, embracing sustainable/renewable energy recovery via ground/rock heat or corresponding.
A most interesting application consists of the integration of solar thermal collector and heat pump via a mutual working fluid.
Higher pressurization of the working fluid during the vaporization sequence corresponds to higher vaporization temperature, and by that higher energy efficiency. The innovation makes possible, small- as well as large-scale operation plants in the form of local power plants/power heat plants respective larger units, during effective and environmentally sustainable energy conversion, of for example normally used to be seen as low temperature heat sources, to produce power as primary energy and - when suitable - also water carried heat for example house/premises heating and domestic hot water, and in occurring cases also chill.
When compressor heat pump utilization it is suitable to store/absorb the heat excess into by the heat pump borehole integrated energy well 31, when the ground/rock of the energy well constitutes natural heat accumulator and simultaneously condensation stage/heat sinking of the working fluid. When required the heat is reversed from the energy well into the working fluid. By that makes possible ground/rock heat installations in residential districts, where otherwise the houses are situated too tight causing ground problems. The heat exchange takes place in a conventional way by the collector hose 32 with or without - according to the invention - integration of the working fluid 6/32 of both the integrated systems.
The invention makes possible a simple and robust system for the production of mechanical energy as power within places rich of solar or geothermal heat, where the requirements of heating-plants are of secondary importance or the condensation stage of the working fluid for example is integrated to the operation of cooling plant by — according to in other respects known process technology - for example absorption heat pump 57 or some kind of double installed heat pumps 44, 54 with compressor 40 in common. Solar heat/absorbing/collecting panels are possible to make in a number of coupled up in series and/or in parallel and comprising one or a system of solar heat concentrators, for example in the form of directive/paraboloidal mirrors in other respects known technology, and by that essentially increasing the temperature at the solar panel outlet of one or preferably more working fluids during corresponding increased energy production.
Application based on the temperature difference between warm surface water and deeper/cold water at for example tropic seas as well as discharged warm water from condense steam turbines of power heat plants is very useful.
The method, exemplified by an ORC-system, is by the way possible to utilize at places rich of sunlight for driving all means of conveyances at land, sea or into the air — a real kind of an environmental/hybrid vehicle. It is suitable to install a back up system in form of brought fuel
63, 64 as required extra heat 2B for safety reasons.
The working fluid however is not bounded to an organic substance or hydrogen carbon compound, but also other substance or substances, or representing different working fluids.
The invention represents a useful complement to earlier International Patent Application No.
PCT/SE2007/000056: "Method and arrangement for energy conversion in stages", — with or without any kind of heat pumps of the invention - utilizing the residual heat of the said
Application as the driving energy.
The present invention, for a sustainable energy conversion, constitutes the ultimate recovery and represents a real break through - a technology leap up to a quit new technology platform, a BAT-technology (Best Available Technology) - above all when considering the efforts to reduce/eliminate the discharge of greenhouse promotion gases including the possibilities to a very profitable trading by discharge permissions.
The following exemplification figures mostly do not include required arrangement of pumps and without any process control and regulating system.
The invention is not limited to the following described performances but can be varied or combined within the scope of the patent claims.
Figure 1
The basic principle of recovering energy from a heat source by the invention with conversion into mechanical energy - power via a circulating working fluid for example an ORC-system - presents by this figure, where the power generation is in priority but also producing warm water, with additional possibility to heat pump integration, which above all can be seen later by figure 5. The arrangement is extra attractive within solar heating places, by solar thermal collectors or solar thermal power plants, or when not utilized residual/secondary heat or geothermal heat source 2B.
The working fluid 30 of the ORC-system includes solar thermal collector 1 for the absorption of solar heat 2 A - and/or another kind of heat 2B according to dashed lines — when a pressurized mainly gaseous flow 3 is produced, henceforth normally termed steam flow, which connects the first expander turbine 21 with the discharge of steam/condensate flow 4/4 A connecting equipment 15 for the separation of steam and condensate phases, after which the steam phase 5 connects next expander turbine stage 22 with the discharge of steam/condensate flow 6/6 A connecting equipment 16 for the separation of steam and condensate phases, after which the steam phase 7 connects the ending expander turbine stage 23, which by previous condensate separations 15 and 16 results in some reduced discharged mainly gaseous flow 8, preferably during vacuum or atmospheric, after which said flow 8 connects heat exchanger 47 constituting some kind of condensation stage. The working fluid by piping 9 is now in liquid state and is pressurized by pump 12A and in stages fed in counter current by piping 9 A against piping 10 and/or by piping 9B for controlled partial steam condensation in piping 6 A. The condensate flow by piping 9A makes possible by pump 12B connections into either piping 1OA for further connection to solar thermal collector etc. 1 and/or by piping 1OB against previous expander turbine discharge 4 of higher temperature for - when suitable — a controlled partial steam condensation in piping 4A followed by above said condensate separation by arrangement 15, after which the working fluid 30, by the total flow of preheated condensate 11 and pump 13, returns into the solar thermal collector/heat exchanger 1, and the cycle is completed. Power 25 is produced by the generator 24 connected to the three stage expander turbine.
Heat exchanger 47 of the condensation stage consists of cooling water 46 for warm water production or represents part of conventional heat pump, or some kind of doubled heat pump with compressor 40 in common, alternatively an absorption heat pump for the production of heat and/or chill, which appears by later figures.
Dashed lines describes the integration principle of the heat pump energy well 31 by the condensation stage 9 of the working fluid and the collector hose 32, when heat is transmitted into the ground/rock etc. respective absorbed heat when required - which later appears by figure 5.
When required the solar thermal collector is made up by combustion heat 2B from suitable fuel - which appears by the next figure. Figure 2
The figure corresponds to a great part of the previous description, however now the expansion occurs in two stages.
Solar heat/energy 2A operating some kind of conveying equipment 60 by a new type of continuous rotation motor at land, sea or into the air with, when required, additional energy supply as the back up by some kind of fuel combustion/oxidation equipment 2B.
The pressurized working mostly gaseous fluid 3 connects expander turbine 21, with the discharge of steam/condensate flow 4/4 A connecting equipment 15 for separation of the steam and condensate phases, after which the steam phase 5 connects the ending expander turbine stage 22, which by the previous condensate separation by device 15 results in some reduced ending/discharged mainly gaseous flow 6, preferably during vacuum or atmospheric, after which said flow 6 connects heat exchanger/air cooler/radiator 61 for steam condensation, after that the condensate flow 10 is fed by pump 12 to be distributed between piping 1OA and
1OB thus makes possible a controlled partial residual steam condensation in piping 4A, which
- when suitable - results in less necessity of condensation cooling after the ending expander turbine 22.
This possibility of a controlled partial steam condensation of the residual steam occurs within most of the exemplifications/figures of the invention. The ORC-system 30 is made up by pump 13 feeding the preheated condensate 11 into the solar thermal collector 2A, and the closed cycle is completed.
The condensation stage for the remaining steam/condensation phase of the working fluid 30 thus consists of said air cooler/radiator 61 and when required furthermore utilizing vaporizer 62 for cooled back up fuel 63 by piping 64 to said combustion arrangement 2B. The later appears by dashed lines. The brought fuel for example consists of bio-gas/methane CHVLNG
- Liquefied Natural Gas.
The conveying equipment by that constitutes a real hybrid/environmental friendly vehicle making possible operation by most of all solar heat/energy2A, but thus when required also combustion arrangement 2B as well as power 25 via accumulator/battery 58 for operation by electric motor 59. Generator 24 is preferably reversed and utilized as starting motor.
Figure 3
This figure corresponds to a great part to the previous descriptions - why the text is restricted
- which henceforth occurs in most of the following figures. Solar heat 2A including the possibility for an alternative/additional heat source 2B, according to dashed lines, is utilized for the production of power 25 as well as any type of conventional heat pump, absorption heat pump 57 or some kind of doubled heat pumps 44, 54 with preferably compressor 40 in common for the production of district heating 44V and district cooling 44K to dwelling-house/residential block 50.
Heat source is also to be used by heat flue gases 2B from any kind of business, for example from oven of wood-fired bakery, when power 25, chill 44K and local heat including domestic hot water 44V are produced — thus an activity close to self producing of energy by the hot flue gases from renewable fuel, besides a very profitable trading by discharge permissions.
Figure 4
This figure presents the ORC-system integration to the residual heat 2B in accordance to dashed lines, when the said residual heat is utilized as driving energy in connection to at least one of the later expansion stages according to the International Patent Application PCT/SE2007/000056: "Method and arrangement for energy conversion in stages", which includes both a closed as well as an open system of the said Application.
Figure 5
The actual heat sources 2 A and/or 2B are utilized for the production of power 25 with the possibility for energy storing in the form of produced hydrogen H2 by an electrolysis process 26, according to dashed lines and in other respects known technology. The ORC-system condensation stage for mainly gaseous rest fluid 6 represents by transmitting/ground/rock storing of said fluid 6 into energy well 31 to be integrated to the heat pump collector hose 32, according to dashed lines. Condensate fraction 10 preferably connects the return piping 11 of the solar thermal collector etc. 1 by piping 1OA and/or when suitable also the discharge piping 4 of the expander turbine 21 by piping 1OB for example via some type of ejector 1OE, when piping 4A constitutes a controlled partial condensation stage for the residual steam before device 15 for separation of steam phase 5 from the said condensate phase 11.
Figure 6
The figure describes the ORC-system, by among other things, integration of in other respects conventional compressor driven heat pump, when the heat source represents by solar thermal collector etc. The heat content of the ending working fluid 6, mainly in gaseous state, is utilized in two stages - the first - by heat exchanger 47 producing domestic hot water for dwelling- house/residential block 50 during the warm season via pump/piping system 45 and 46 respectively. The second stage utilizes the heat — both the naturally/virgin as well as transmitted - into the energy well 31 by the collector hose 32 with circulation pump 49 of the heat pump for heating said dwelling-house/residential block 50 with domestic hot water preferably during the cold season. The heat pump arrangement comprises by power driven 25A compressor 40 with the working fluid cycle/refrigerant 43, condenser 41 with the house heating loop 44, expansion/throttle valve 42 - or another device with corresponding function - and vaporizer 48.
Thanks to the invention of effectively transmitted heat by the fluid 6/32 down into energy well 31, which also represents a condensation/heat sinking stage within the ORC-system, it is possible to install a great number of heat pump arrangements with adherent energy wells within a certain/restricted ground area without "impoverishment" the natural/virgin heat content - and accordingly prevent different kind of severe ground problems.
Figure 7
This operation alternative is similar to the previous figure, besides the return of condensate 7 into heat exchanger 47 is fed in counter current the gaseous fluid 8, when the gas phase of the working fluid secures/connects the heat pump compressor 40, when the ORC-system 30 working fluid and the heat pump 40 coordinates by integration, where the collector hose 32 of the energy well 31 preferably has conventional anti-freezing solution, and besides that integrated to vaporizer 48, in such a way that said vaporizer forms an integral part of the heat pump working loop 43, which circulating loop taps off a required variable/controllable partial condensate flow 9/43, which in stead is diverted into the system/loop of solar thermal collector/heat exchanger 1 with the subsequent expander turbines etc., when makes possible to an controlled energy split between both the integrated systems in dependence to the season of the year and other conditions.
Figure 8A
The figure has similar apparatus edification as the previous figure. However the conventional expansion valve 42, normally a throttling body between the high and low pressure side of the cycle, is exchanged wholly or partly by in stages ORC-loop expansion, because both the working fluid loops 30 are in common, by that the pressure as well as temperature of the working fluid are lowered in corresponding way. Number of revolutions and operation pressure by the heat pump compressor are chosen according to the required effect.
For better clearness - according to the heat pump integration - both the circulations/loops, regarding solar heat/other heat and the heat pump respectively are shown each, when the contours of the integrated other circulation/loop is dashed, thus describes this figure 8 A the summer/warmer period, when the borehole energy well 31 with collector hose 6/32 is utilized as a condenser for the working fluid 30.
The next figure 8B describes the winter/colder period, when the said energy well 31 with collector hose 6/32 is utilized as a vaporizer of the working fluid 30.
This figure 8A thus describes the utilization of solar heat 2A, and/or other heat 2B, by solar thermal collector/heat exchanger 1 as a vaporizer of the working fluid 30 during the summer period, after which the pressurized mainly gaseous fluid 3 is expanded by the expander turbine 21, which discharge 4 connects device 15 for separation of condensate phase 11 from steam phase 5, which steam phase connects next expander turbine 22 during power production 25 via generator 24, after which the turbine discharge 6 - as an alternative - connects heat exchanger 47 for, in dependence of the heat source, a temperature controlled production of domestic hot water 46, and/or the said turbine discharge fluid 6 is fed down into the energy well 31 via collector hose 6/32 for the working fluid condensation, when the heat accumulates into the ground/rock around said energy well 31 - in order to later be utilized when the heat is "reversed" during the winter period according to the next figure 8B. The earlier said condensate phase 11, after the separation devise 15, connects the condensate phase 10/32 after the collector hose, and the total condensate flow 10 of the working fluid 30 is returned into the solar thermal collector/heat exchanger 1 and by that the circulation/loop of the summer period is completed.
Figure 8B
This figure thus presents in the previous figure mentioned winter period within the integrated system with the working fluid 30 in common, which vaporization now occurs into the energy well 31 by collector hose 6/32 from the discharge fluid 6 of the ending expander turbine 22, after which mainly gaseous working fluid 10 connects the separation device 16, where a small condensate phase 7 returns into collector hose 6/32 for vaporization, while gaseous fluid 8 connects turbo compressor 40, which via piping 43 connects condenser 41 for the production of heat/district heating 44, after which piping 43 with the mixed condensate/gaseous fluid ends the pressurized part of the circulation/loop by connection to expander turbines 21 and 22 partially recovering the motor effect of the turbo compressor 40 via direct drive and/or generator/motor 24 of the expander turbines. Device 15 separates as into previous figures the condensate phase 11 between the expander turbine stages 21 and 22, but in this figure connected to collector hose 6/32 for vaporization together with discharged fluid 6 of expander turbine 22.
The contours of the not in operation being summer period integrated parts of the circulation/loop are presented dashed.
There is a possibility both integrated circulations/loops, according to figure 8A and 8B, are utilized in parallel.
Figure 9
This sample of the invention presents heat storing into the borehole energy well 31 and utilized for the delivery of both district heating 44V as well as district cooling 44K for dwelling-house/residential block 50. The figure describes a heat pump arrangement in accordance to earlier descriptions, but thus with a complementary arrangement also producing district cooling by circulation/loop 54 between vaporizer 48 and heat exchanger/district cooling 44K. A high storing tower 55 for temperature stratification is included into the circulation/loop 54.
The figure presents conventional expansion valve 42 into the doubled heat pump circulation/loop 43, during very high total energy factor.
Figure 10
This exemplification of the invention presents two stage heat absorption by an ORC-system with completing condensation/heat sinking stage within the lower, colder deeply part of for example a tropic sea. The heat absorption takes place from solar heat, warm sea surface water and/or discharge of residual heat from condensation steam turbines. The later comprises power heat stations during summer periods and above all nuclear power plants, where cooling water discharge has a temperature of approx. 35°C — or sometimes even higher, which also is valid the surface water temperature at for example tropic seas.
The working fluid 30 of the system is finally vaporized by solar heat 2 A via solar heat collector IA, after which the pressurized mainly gaseous fluid 3 connects expander turbine stage 21 with discharge steam/condensate flow 4 connecting device 15 for separation of the steam phase 5 from the condensate phase 11, after which the said steam phase 5 connects the ending expander turbine stage 22, with intermediate condensate separation 11 by said device 15 whereby the steam/condensate fluid outlet 6 is reduced from the expander turbine 22 - preferably during atmospheric or vacuum. The said fluid 6 thus brings deeply down into the sea water 2B, for suitable natural cooling, with completed condensation into some kind of cooling panel surface 47, after which the condensed working fluid 10 is split up by piping 1OA and/or 1OB in accordance to intended, chosen conditions. The condensate flow 1OB connects — when suitable — via ejector 1OE piping 4A for a controlled partial steam condensation of flow 4. After the separation device 15 the condensate flow 11 connects the surface thermal panel IB, which suitably performs floating upon the water surface 2B, to be preheated/partly vaporized, after which the total fluid flow 12 connects the said solar thermal collector 1 - and the ORC-system with for example ammonia NH3 as a working fluid is completed.
There is a possibility some one of solar thermal collector IA or the surface water thermal panel IB to be excluded in accordance to the prerequisites.
Figure 11
This ending exemplification of the invention presents an arrangement comprising two different kinds of working fluids of different vaporization temperatures as energy carriers, with the driving energy from some kind of solar thermal strengthened/paraboloidal collector 2 A and/or another heat source 2B. The first loop of the working fluid consists of thermally stable hydrogen carbon compound 301 - intended for a higher temperature - and the other, second loop of an organic compound 302 - intended for a lower temperature. Both the loops are connected to each other in counter current by heat exchanger 48, and both the loops producing power via generator 241 and 242 by expansion in stages by expander turbines 211/221 respective 212/222 with intermediate device for separation of condensate fractions 151 respective 152.
Both the loops completing condensate separation 101 and 102 are returned in counter current and stages from a lower temperature level towards a higher one with moreover a possible condensate split up by piping 101 A and 102 A against heat source 2 A via the first loop of working fluid 301 and heat exchanger 48 respective heat exchanger 48 into the second loop of working fluid 302, and/or a condensate split up by piping 101 B and 102B for controlled partial steam condensation into piping 41 A and 42A of respective loop. High pressure water-steam 91 - for further conventional energy conversion into power - is produced by heat exchanging 472A/472B of feed-steam-water 82 by the second loop of expander turbine discharge 62/42, when preheated flow of feed-steam- water/steam 83 is heat exchanged/vaporized/superheated, partly or as a whole, with heat exchanging 471 A/47 IB by the first loop of expander turbine discharge 61 and 41 respective.
Alternatively or together the second loop of condensation/heat sinking stage is made up by the ending steam/condensate piping 102 fed down into the ground/rock/energy well 31 for integration to the heat pump collector hose 32 according to earlier descriptions.
Said water-steam production 91 is possible to exchange alternatively made up by the production of a district heating fluid, or the residual heat constitutes driving force for an absorption heat pump, which is not cleared by the figure.
Both the first and second loop are designed and positioned in accordance to previous figures, why further descriptions are left out.
Comments to the extent
• It has to be understood one or more working fluids also can consist of a mixture of different substances and/or compounds besides organic and/or hydrogen carbon compounds, also when the invention is exemplified by described ORC-system.
• It must be seen the supplied working fluid of the expander turbines wholly or partially is vaporized, is moisture saturated or partially saturated - the later means some superheated - or superheated.
• It must be understood the term for pressurized working fluid or medium includes expansion down to atmospheric or vacuum.
• It has to be seen the circulation/loop or cycle for all kind of heat sources is mostly termed Rankine system 30.
• It has to be understood the term for residual/secondary heat/solar heat - when required - comprises additional heat production by supplementary fuel.
• It must be seen the number of shown multistage expanders in the figures can be of more or less as well as corresponding number of separately with individual generators.
• It has also to be seen at least one of the circulation pumps, also when not indicated, and/or compressors is possible to have alternative drive via one or more expander turbines.

Claims

Patent claims
1. Method for recovering energy from any kind of heat sources with conversion into; mechanical energy, comprising electricity/power via generator, and/or production of useful heat and/or chill, where the heat source comprises as a whole, part and/or parts of residual/waste/secondary heat, flue/exhaust gas and fuel gas, supplementary heat by combustion/oxidation of support fuel, warm/tropic sea water or similar, return fluid of district heating net, geothermal heat and solar heat - the later of type solar thermal collector or solar power plant - as well as ground/rock/exhaust air/water heat by pressurized working fluid/medium, which circulates into a closed loop/cycle between the sequences of vaporization, expansion and condensation, c h a r a c h t e r i z e d i n that said expansion of working fluid (30) is carried out through at least one of said pressurized working fluid as energy carrier, circulating in at least one closed cycle by at least one expander turbine (21, 22) or similar apparatus of type rotating turbo machine for production of mechanical energy, said expander turbine preferably comprising at least two partial stages with total or partial separation of condensate via at least one separation stage/arrangement (15, 16), when condensation cooling takes place by, with or without/total or partial, counter current fed condensate fractions (9, 10, 11) from any stage of expander turbine separated condensate of lower temperature, after which said condensate fractions when preferably counter current fed in stages, returns against previous return piping (11) against at least one vaporization stage (1) and/or towards previous discharge (4) of expander turbine and/or its nearness (4A), of higher temperature for partial steam condensation, whereby the condensation cooling controls by preferably in stages direct or indirect heat exchanging, simultaneously as said counter current fed condensate/working fluid (9, 10, 11) is preheated before return to said vaporization stage, while the condensate fraction (6) of the ending expansion stage gives the corresponding lower temperature, during when required the condensation effect more strengthened by some form of supplementary cooling/heat sinking stage.
2. Method according to claim 1, c h a r a c h t e r i z e d i n that said working fluid (30) comprising any kind of organic fluid and/or hydrogen carbon compound in at least one cycle, including Rankine-cycle termed "Organic Rankine Cycle" - ORC.
3. Method according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that said working fluid (30) consists of same or at least two different kind of fluids preferably of different vaporization temperatures with at least one intermediate heat exchanger (48) connected hi series and/or in parallel comprising possibility for production of water-vapour (91), and/or district heating fluid or any type of heat pump constituting completive cooling/heat sinking stage.
4. Method according to any of claims 1-3, charachterized in that the condensation cooling of the working fluid is made up by any kind of heat exchanger (47) and/or energy well (31) of heat pump representing completive heat sinking, simultaneously the heat absorbs/stores into said at least one energy well in order to when required bring/transmit heat into actual medium/fluid in collector hose (32) of said heat pump for further transport to the vaporizer (48) of the heat pump for heat (44) production.
5. Method according to any of claims 1-4, charachterized in that at least one working fluid of Rankine-cycle (30) is integrated/coordinated with at least one working fluid (43) of compressor heat pump by ending gas phase of said Rankine-cycle connects the compressor (40) with condenser (41) of heat pump for production of heat (44) for dwelling-house/residential block (50) and/or any kind of activity/business, or said heat pump constitutes a type of double heat pump preferably with said compressor for co-production of heat (44 V) as well as chill (44K) for said houses and/or activities, during production of mechanical energy comprising power (25) by said Rankine-cycle.
6. Method according to any of claims 1-5, charachterized in that when integration/coordination of the working fluid, conventional expansion/throttle valve (42) - or corresponding arrangement - is compensated, totally or partially by at least one of expansion turbine stage (21, 22) of the Rankine-cycle, when the pressure and temperature of the said fluid is lowered corresponding to said expansion valve, preferably during reduced power (25, 25A) consumption of compressor (40).
7. Method according to any of claims 1-6, c h ar a c h t e r i z e d i n operation of any kind of vehicle/conveying equipment (60) at land, sea or into air, when energy source consist of solar heat (2A) and/or power (25) via accumulator/battery (58) and electric motor (59) and when required support fuel (2B, 63), with completive condensation cooling by preheating/vaporization (62) of said supporting fuel and/or by air cooler/radiator (61).
8. Arrangement for recovering energy of any kind of heat sources with conversion into mechanical energy, comprising power via generator and vehicular drive, and/or production of heat and/or chill by pressurized circulating working fluid/medium, which circulates into a closed cycle between the sequences vaporization, expansion and condensation, c h a r a c h t e r i z e d i n that said expansion of working fluid (30) is carried out by at least one expander turbine (21, 22) or similar apparatus of type rotating turbo machine, preferably comprising at least two partial stages, including arrangement for condensate separation via at least one separation device (15, 16) by, with or without/total or partial, counter current fed condensate fractions (9, 10, 11) from any of the ending expander turbine separated condensate flow (6), which preferably in stages and counter current is fed against at least one vaporization stage (1) and/or against previous expander turbine discharge (4) or its nearness (4A), by arrangement for preferably in stages direct or indirect heat transmissions, simultaneously as the counter current fed condensate/working fluid (10,11) is preheated before return into said vaporization stage during mechanical energy generation, comprising power (25) via generator (24) and any type of vehicular drive (60), simultaneously the condensation effect of the working fluid, when required, is strengthened by at least one device as completive cooling/heat sinking stage.
9. Arrangement according to claim 8, c h a r a c h t e r i z e d i n comprising total or partial of:
• one or more heat sources (2A, 2B, 6/32) comprising at least one Rankine-cycle, in parallel and/or in series, recovering residual/waste/secondary heat, for example in fuel/flue gas, solar heat, tropic sea surface water, return fluid of district heating net, heat water from water-steam turbine condensing power plants, geothermal heat, support fuel and ground/rock/exhaust air/water heat by integration of at least one compressor heat pump (40). solar heat/absorbing/catching/collector panel (1) comprising different types of solar thermal/paraboloidal concentrators, for example in form of directional mirrors with arrangement in series and/or in parallel. device comprising at least two different working fluids/energy carriers (301, 302) of different vaporization temperatures with at least one intermediate heat exchanger (48) for heat transmitting into working fluid (302) of lower vaporization temperature. device comprising heat exchanger/vaporizer (471, 472) for production of water-steam
(91) and/or district heating fluid constituting completive cooling/heat sinking stage for one or more working fluids (301, 302). device for a separate and/or integrated working fluid within both Rankine-cycle (30) as well as cycle (43) of compressor heat pump, when the completing gas phase (8) of
Rankine-cycle connects the heat pump compressor (40) with further connection to condenser (41) for heat (44) production. at least one device for condensation cooling comprising one or more expansion stages
(21, 22) and/or partial stage, which constitutes separate unities or one single multi stage expander or another type of rotating machine, where every expander stage or partial stage, when required, follows by at least one separation device (15, 16) for partial or total separation of condensate (9, 10). said condensation cooling comprising at least one condenser (6/32, 47) with preferably counter current fed at least one condensate fraction. at least one device for production of mechanical energy comprising operation of machine or production of power (25) and/or hydrogen H2 (26) preferably by device for electrolysis. the cooling/separation device of the working fluid (30) before the heat pump compressor (40) is placed in such a way, the condensate phase of said working fluid is fed in counter current the gaseous fluid, which makes sure a gaseous part (8) of the working fluid into said compressor. operation device for a stationary or mobile apparatus, the later in form of vehicle/conveying equipment (60) at land, sea or into air, preferably comprising fuel supply as make-up (2B, 64). at least one integrated compressor heat pump with at least one energy well (31) comprising double form of heat pump (44, 54) preferably with compressor (40) in common, for co-production of heat (44, 44V) and/or chill (44K). • device (1) for absorption of solar heat (2A) and/or heat from fuel/flue gases (2B) with co-production of power (25), heat (44V) and chill (44K) by integration of double form of heat pump (44, 54) preferably with compressor (40) in common.
10. Arrangement according to claims 8-9, c h a r a c h t e r i z e d i n that the working fluid (30) of the energy source (2A, IB, 6/32) and the working fluid (43) of heat pump compressor are coordinated/integrated, whereby preferably conventional expansion/throttle valve (42) of said heat pump or corresponding device totally or partially is eliminated, when required expansion is totally or partially exchanged by at least one expansion stage (21, 22) of the Rankine-cycle (30).
PCT/SE2008/000460 2007-07-23 2008-07-22 Method and arrangement for energy conversion of heat WO2009014480A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0701766A SE531238C2 (en) 2007-07-23 2007-07-23 Procedure and arrangement for heat conversion of heat
SE0701766-8 2007-07-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009014480A1 WO2009014480A1 (en) 2009-01-29
WO2009014480A9 true WO2009014480A9 (en) 2010-03-11

Family

ID=40273300

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2008/000460 WO2009014480A1 (en) 2007-07-23 2008-07-22 Method and arrangement for energy conversion of heat

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE531238C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2009014480A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103061833A (en) * 2012-12-26 2013-04-24 东南大学 Solar energy and biomass energy combined heat and power cogeneration device
CN103195530B (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-04-15 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system with separation and expansion device

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009134271A1 (en) 2008-05-02 2009-11-05 Utc Power Corporation Combined geothermal and solar thermal organic rankine cycle system
DE102009007232A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Thermal power plant, in particular solar thermal power plant
US9243518B2 (en) * 2009-09-21 2016-01-26 Sandra I. Sanchez Waste heat recovery system
WO2012000002A2 (en) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-05 Psw Systems Ag Arrangement for converting thermal energy and apparatus for heating and cooling a medium
FI20115901L (en) * 2011-09-15 2013-03-16 Rentratek Oy Energy recovery system
FR2986042A1 (en) * 2012-01-24 2013-07-26 Univ Montpellier Ii HIGH YIELD ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION SYSTEM USING SOLAR ENERGY RECOVERED BY THERMAL SOLAR SENSORS AND USING EXTERNAL HEAT SOURCE DITHERMED ENGINE.
CN103195518A (en) * 2013-03-20 2013-07-10 天津大学 ORC (organic Rankine cycle) power generation system based on series connection of multistage evaporators
CN103195519B (en) * 2013-03-20 2016-06-29 天津大学 Based on the organic Rankine cycle power generation system that multi-stage evaporator is connected with working medium pump
CN105179034A (en) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-23 南京航空航天大学 Organic Rankine cycle power generation system and method for using low-grade variable-temperature heat source in stepped manner
CN106121754B (en) * 2016-06-29 2017-10-31 南京航空航天大学 Step recycles the ORC system and method for low-grade heat
KR102474358B1 (en) * 2017-12-08 2022-12-05 현대자동차 주식회사 Heat pump system for vehicle
GEP20196972B (en) * 2018-02-06 2019-05-27 Solomon Ioramashvili Geothermal energy device
CN109595131A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-04-09 苏州良造能源科技有限公司 A kind of solar energy optical-thermal and natural gas cold energy combined power machine electricity generation system
CN109973162A (en) * 2019-05-09 2019-07-05 贵州电网有限责任公司 A kind of compressed-air energy-storage system and method for multistage switching
WO2024019609A1 (en) * 2022-07-20 2024-01-25 Daycell Doo Skopje Thermo-mechanical system for long-term energy storage with zero-pollution footprint

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE526905C2 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-11-15 Bengt H Nilsson Med Ultirec Fa Procedure for the extraction of energy and chemicals
SE529580C2 (en) * 2005-04-06 2007-09-25 Bengt H Nilsson Med Ultirec Fa Method is for recovery and conversion of exothermic process heat and corresponding portion of endothermic process heat in ocnnection with reformation of alkaline earth metals

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103061833A (en) * 2012-12-26 2013-04-24 东南大学 Solar energy and biomass energy combined heat and power cogeneration device
CN103195530B (en) * 2013-03-29 2015-04-15 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery power generation system with separation and expansion device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE531238C2 (en) 2009-01-27
SE0701766L (en) 2009-01-24
WO2009014480A1 (en) 2009-01-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2009014480A9 (en) Method and arrangement for energy conversion of heat
Mohammadi et al. A comprehensive review of solar only and hybrid solar driven multigeneration systems: Classifications, benefits, design and prospective
US9181930B2 (en) Methods and systems for electric power generation using geothermal field enhancements
Tchanche et al. Low-grade heat conversion into power using organic Rankine cycles–A review of various applications
US8739512B2 (en) Combined cycle power plant
US20160047361A1 (en) System and method using solar thermal energy for power, cogeneration and/or poly-generation using supercritical brayton cycles
US20120091729A1 (en) Deep ocean energy system with full sea water air conditioning and utility waste heat utilization
CN102563987A (en) Vapor-compression refrigerating plant driven by organic Rankine cycle and method
CN104061710A (en) Method for providing steam power and device thereof
US6536215B1 (en) Method for optimally operating co-generation of electricity and heat and optimally operating district heating power plant
WO2013038423A2 (en) Combined cooling/heating and power generation system utilizing sustainable energy
US8584465B2 (en) Method for increasing the efficiency of a power plant which is equipped with a gas turbine, and power plant for carrying out the method
CN102338051A (en) Solar/ground source heat integrated electricity generation/cold/heating co-supply device
US20140298806A1 (en) Hybrid Thermal Power and Desalination Apparatus and Methods
CA3207327A1 (en) A geothermal hydrogen production system
RU2273742C1 (en) Energy-accumulating plant
Poredos et al. District heating and cooling for efficient energy supply
CN211116438U (en) Power generation and refrigeration combined cycle system based on ocean temperature difference energy
CN206694190U (en) A kind of honourable energy-storage system
CN202501677U (en) Steam compression refrigeration device driven by organic Rankine cycle
CN106677988A (en) Wind-solar energy storage system
CN101162014A (en) Composite solar energy heat generating system
Todorovic et al. Parametric analysis and thermodynamic limits of solar assisted geothermal co-and tri-generation systems
CN102191958A (en) Low-temperature air source generating device
CN210977771U (en) Cold and electricity cogeneration circulation system based on ocean thermal energy

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 08779233

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 08779233

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1