WO2009003508A1 - Appareil de commutation pour une turbine d'éolienne et système de disposition de connexions électriques dans un parc éolien - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation pour une turbine d'éolienne et système de disposition de connexions électriques dans un parc éolien Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009003508A1
WO2009003508A1 PCT/EP2007/056533 EP2007056533W WO2009003508A1 WO 2009003508 A1 WO2009003508 A1 WO 2009003508A1 EP 2007056533 W EP2007056533 W EP 2007056533W WO 2009003508 A1 WO2009003508 A1 WO 2009003508A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind
wind turbine
switchgear
wind farm
turbines
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/056533
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lars Liljestrand
Ambra Sannino
Lars Hultqvist
Original Assignee
Abb Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Research Ltd filed Critical Abb Research Ltd
Priority to PCT/EP2007/056533 priority Critical patent/WO2009003508A1/fr
Publication of WO2009003508A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009003508A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • F03D9/257—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor the wind motor being part of a wind farm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/96—Mounting on supporting structures or systems as part of a wind turbine farm
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • Switchg ⁇ ar for a wind turbine and system for arranging electrical connections in a wind farm
  • the present invention relates to a system for arranging electrical switching units e.g. breakers or switches in wind turbines.
  • the wind turbines can be connected in installations comprising several wind turbines known as wind farms.
  • Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into electricity using wind turbines by converting the rotation of turbine blades into electrical current by means of an electrical generator.
  • a collection of wind turbines in the same location is usually called a wind farm or wind park.
  • Offshore wind turbines have a number of challenges compared to land based wind turbines
  • Offshore wind turbines are normally installed in wind farms with many wind turbines to spread the high fixed costs involved in offshore operation. Offshore wind farms tend to be quite large.
  • the wind turbines in wind farms are spaced from one another at such distances that the effects of one wind turbine on another as a result of changing air flow conditions are kept as small as possible.
  • the distance between two towers can be 1000m or more making a large wind farm spread out over an extensive area and the power connection distances from one end of the wind farm to the other end substantial.
  • the wind turbines are connected in 'strings' by sub-sea cables.
  • the strings are then connected to the platform by one feeder cable.
  • This cable together with necessary switching equipment such as breakers, disconnectors, etc, forms the collection grid.
  • the feeder cables that connect one string of wind turbines to the platform will be quite long, especially those reaching the most peripheral string of wind turbines.
  • all feeders will be quite long.
  • Patent WO0146583 entitled “OFFSHORE WIND POWER INSTALLATION COMPRISING INTERCHANGEABLE CONTAINERS FOR HOUSING SUBSYSTEMS” describes an offshore wind power installation with subsystems such as a switchgear or a transformer station housed in at least one container which is attached to the exterior of the tower.
  • Patent DE10013442 entitled “Offshore wind turbine power plant has container housing electrical operating component positioned at side of machine housing provided with helicopter landing platform" where the electrical operating components of the power plant, e.g. the switchgear and transformer, are housed in a container mounted at the side of the machine housing.
  • An embodiment of the present invention is a wind turbine arranged with a medium or high voltage switchgear, said switchgear comprises two or more switching units arranged for interrupting two or more currents and the switching units are arranged above one another.
  • the switching units can be any of the type switch, load switch, breaker.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is that the switching units are all connected to an external busbar arranged vertically.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is that a switching unit is directly connected to the switching unit above and below.
  • switchgear is located in the wind turbine tower and another embodiment is that the switchgear is built up of modules.
  • the modules can comprise one switching unit or several switching units.
  • the modules can also comprise units for sensing or measuring voltage or current.
  • the connection between modules arranged above one another can replace the vertical busbar.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is that at least one switching unit in the switchgear is arranged to break a current generated by the wind turbine and least one switching unit is arranged to break a current generated by another wind turbine .
  • a wind farm system comprising at least one first wind turbine arranged with a medium or high voltage switchgear, said switchgear comprises two or more switching units arranged for interrupting two or more currents, and the wind farm system comprises a plurality of wind turbines where said switching units are arranged above one another and said first wind turbine is electrically connected to two or more other wind turbines .
  • said wind farm system comprises at least two second wind turbines are electrically connected to a first wind turbine.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is that the at least two second wind turbines are arranged without a said medium or high voltage switchgear.
  • switchgear in first wind turbine is arranged to break electrical connection to two or more electrically connected second wind turbine (s) .
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is that all switching units are connected to a vertically arranged busbar.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention is that the wind farm is placed near shore or off shore or that the wind farm is placed on land.
  • first wind turbine is connected to the second wind turbine in a star topology.
  • the advantage of arranging switching units above one another is the smaller footprint of the switchgear.
  • Such small footprint switchgear could be placed inside the wind turbine tower.
  • the switchgear could have several switching units e.g. more than five. This would allow for new connection configurations e.g. star configuration.
  • a star configuration will be more robust against cable failures between wind turbines.
  • a cable failure between wind turbines connected in a star will only disconnect the wind turbine affected by the cable failure.
  • a star configuration therefore ensures higher availability of the wind turbines in the wind farm.
  • Figure 1 shows schematically a radial connected wind farm
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a wind turbine (prior art) .
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a small wind farm in star configuration.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically a wind farm with several star configurations connected radially.
  • Figure 5 shows the vertical arrangement of the switchgear in the wind turbine tower at the center of a star configuration.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a wind farm with several star configurations connected in a star topology.
  • Figure 7 shows schematically an embodiment of the present invention where several switches are arranged vertically inside a wind turbine tower.
  • Figure 8 shows schematically an embodiment of the present invention where several compact switches are arranged vertically.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a radial electrically connected wind farm 1 (prior art) .
  • the wind turbines 2 (each small circle symbolizes a wind turbine) are serially connected in branches or strings with sub-sea cables 3.
  • the cross-section of the cables can increases from the outermost turbine going closer to the platform, resulting in high cable costs.
  • the cost of the collection grid for a wind farm can be estimated in the range of about 15% of the cost of the whole wind farm, where the cost of the wind turbines is about 50%.
  • the voltage from the generator is currently in the order of 0,7kV and in the future it could be 3.3 kV. This current is transformed to medium voltage (e.g. 33kV) in the nacelle. From the branches a feeder cable 4 transports the current to the transformer 6.
  • the transformer 6 might be placed on a separate platform.
  • the cable together with necessary switching equipment such as breakers, disconnectors, etc, forms the collection grid of the wind farm.
  • the feeder cables that connect one string of wind turbines to the transformer platform will be quite long, especially those reaching the most peripheral string of wind turbines.
  • all feeders will be quite long.
  • the transformer 6 can transform the electricity from MV (e.g. 33 kV) to HV (e.g. 132 kV) . From the transformer 6 the current is carried on shore with another cable 7.
  • the branch or string in the wind farm system also comprises a breaker 5.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a wind turbine 10.
  • the buildup of an offshore wind turbine is known art.
  • the rotating blades 11 collect the wind energy and the rotation energy is transformed into electrical energy by a generator placed in the nacelle 12 on top of a mast or tower 13.
  • the structure which houses all of the generating components, gearbox, drive train, etc. is referred to as the nacelle.
  • Below the sea surface 15 the mast 13 is placed on a foundation 14 on the sea bed.
  • a cable 16 transports the electric energy to a collection point.
  • a transformer can be placed in the nacelle 12 or in the mast 13 to increase the voltage of the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine 10.
  • FIG 3 shows schematically a small wind farm 20 in star configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbines 21 (each small circle symbolizes a wind turbine) are connected in star configuration with cables 22 to a central wind turbine 23. From the central wind turbine 23 goes a cable 24 to a transformer 26 and the electric power is transported to shore by a cable 27.
  • the star configuration refers to the electrical configuration of the wind turbines, not the actual layout of the wind farm.
  • a star configuration is also more robust against cable failures between wind turbines.
  • a cable failure between wind turbines in a traditional radially connected wind farm will disconnect all wind turbines further away from the collection point.
  • a cable failure between wind turbines connected in a star configuration will only disconnect the wind turbine affected by the cable failure.
  • a star configuration therefore ensures higher availability of the wind turbines in the wind farm.
  • a wind farm in star configuration should have less energy losses than a wind farm in radial configuration
  • the difficulty is in realizing the middle point of the star, including all in- and outgoing cables with corresponding switching apparatus, without having to build a separate platform or without increasing the size and weight of the equipment in the turbine. This will effectively limit the number of single wind turbine branches that can originate from one such star.
  • the star topology refers only to the electrical connections.
  • the physical layout of wind turbines in a wind farm can be different from a star form but when the wind turbines in a wind farm are connected as a star it has a star topology.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a wind farm 30 with several 5- star configurations connected radially according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbines 31 are schematically a wind farm 30 with several 5- star configurations connected radially according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbines 31 are schematically a wind farm 30 with several 5- star configurations connected radially according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wind turbines 31 are schematically a wind farm 30 with several 5- star configurations connected radially according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • each small circle symbolize a wind turbine are connected in star configuration with cables to a central wind turbine 32. From the central wind turbine in all stars goes a feeder cable 33 to a transformer 35 and the electric power is transported to shore by a cable 36.
  • Figure 5 shows the vertical arrangement of the switchgear in the wind turbine tower 44 at the center of a 5-star configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cables 41 from the external wind turbines in the 5-star configuration are connected over switching units 42 to the vertical busbar or busriser 43.
  • the cable 45 from the nacelle is also connected to the vertical busbar 43 over switchgear.
  • the vertical arrangement, shown in figure 5, makes it possible to place switching units inside the turbine tower, without requiring additional space. With today's equipment the footprint of the switchgear with such vertical arrangement could be contained within about 2 m 2 , however by using more modern apparatus such as electronic technology for the switches it is predicted that the footprint of the vertically arranged switchgear could be further decreased.
  • the switching units 42 or switching devices are apparatuses designed to make or break the current in one or more electric circuits. They can be mechanical switching devices that make or break the current by means of separable contacts. The mechanical switching device may have different medium between the separable contacts such as air, vacuum, oil, SF6.
  • the switching unit can be a load switch or switch-disconnector which is capable of switching the rated current and in the open position satisfies the isolating requirements specified for a disconnector.
  • the switching unit can be a breaker or circuit breaker which is capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions. The breaker is also capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as those of short circuit.
  • Figure 6 shows schematically a wind farm with several star configurations 50 of wind turbines connected in a star topology.
  • the star configurations 50 are all connected to a transformer 51 and the transformer 51 is connected to the grid with a cable 52.
  • FIG 7 shows schematically an embodiment of the present invention where several switching units 65 are arranged vertically inside a wind turbine tower 61.
  • the switching units can be with Standard technology or custom made for the application.
  • the switching units can be arranged very compact for the application.
  • Cables 62 from other wind turbines are connected to the switching units 65.
  • the generated electricity in the wind turbine is also connected 63 to a switching unit 65.
  • the vertical busbar or busriser 64 connects the switching units and transport away the current generated by all the wind turbines connected in star configuration.
  • the vertical busbar is connected with a cable which leads the generated current to a collection point (not shown in the figure) .
  • FIG 8 shows schematically an embodiment of the present invention where several compact switching units 70, 71 are arranged vertically.
  • the switching units can be any of the type switch, load switch or breaker and the switching units can be modularized.
  • the switching units modules could be cast in solid insulation.
  • the switching units 70, 71 are stacked on top of each other and the vertical busbar is arranged inside of the switching units 70, 71.
  • the top of one switching unit 71 and the bottom of another switching unit 70 are arranged with contacts so that when they are placed on top of each other, a connection 72 is achieved.
  • Several switching units 70, 71 can be stacked in this manner, ensuring a small footprint for example inside the wind turbine tower.
  • Each switching unit 70, 71 is connected with a cable 74, 75 which transports the current generated by a wind turbine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de commutation destiné à être utilisé avec des turbines d'éolienne, ledit appareil de commutation comprenant deux unités de commutation ou plus disposées pour interrompre deux courants ou plus, les unités de commutation étant disposées les unes au-dessus des autres. La présente invention concerne également un système de parc éolien comprenant au moins une première turbine d'éolienne dotée d'un appareil de commutation à moyenne ou haute tension, ledit appareil de commutation comprenant deux unités de commutation ou plus disposées pour interrompre deux courants ou plus, et le système de parc éolien comprenant une pluralité de turbines d'éolienne. Lesdites unités de commutation sont disposées les unes au-dessus des autres et ladite première turbine d'éolienne est connectée électriquement à deux autres turbines d'éolienne ou plus.
PCT/EP2007/056533 2007-06-29 2007-06-29 Appareil de commutation pour une turbine d'éolienne et système de disposition de connexions électriques dans un parc éolien WO2009003508A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/056533 WO2009003508A1 (fr) 2007-06-29 2007-06-29 Appareil de commutation pour une turbine d'éolienne et système de disposition de connexions électriques dans un parc éolien

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2007/056533 WO2009003508A1 (fr) 2007-06-29 2007-06-29 Appareil de commutation pour une turbine d'éolienne et système de disposition de connexions électriques dans un parc éolien

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009003508A1 true WO2009003508A1 (fr) 2009-01-08

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013182205A1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Agencement d'un appareil de commutation dans une tour d'une turbine éolienne
EP2541054A3 (fr) * 2011-06-30 2014-09-10 RWE Innogy GmbH Système d'énergie éolienne offshore
WO2019101902A1 (fr) * 2017-11-24 2019-05-31 Gox Ab Parc éolien
US10615608B2 (en) 2017-04-07 2020-04-07 General Electric Company Low-wind operation of clustered doubly fed induction generator wind turbines
WO2021180280A1 (fr) * 2020-03-10 2021-09-16 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Centrale éolienne
EP4141257A1 (fr) * 2021-08-24 2023-03-01 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Éolienne avec connexion directe au réseau

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178624A (en) * 1975-09-11 1979-12-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Control center with insulated bus bars
WO2003025391A1 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-27 Abb Research Ltd. Subdivision de la surface d'un parc eolien
JP2006009596A (ja) * 2004-06-22 2006-01-12 Tohoku Electric Power Engineering & Construction Co Ltd 変電開閉設備を内蔵した風力発電装置およびその施工方法
WO2007003183A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Turbine eolienne a vitesse de rotor variable, centrale eolienne, procede de transmission d’energie electrique et procede d’entretien ou d’inspection d’une turbine eolienne a vitesse de rotor variable

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4178624A (en) * 1975-09-11 1979-12-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Control center with insulated bus bars
WO2003025391A1 (fr) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-27 Abb Research Ltd. Subdivision de la surface d'un parc eolien
JP2006009596A (ja) * 2004-06-22 2006-01-12 Tohoku Electric Power Engineering & Construction Co Ltd 変電開閉設備を内蔵した風力発電装置およびその施工方法
WO2007003183A1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Turbine eolienne a vitesse de rotor variable, centrale eolienne, procede de transmission d’energie electrique et procede d’entretien ou d’inspection d’une turbine eolienne a vitesse de rotor variable

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2541054A3 (fr) * 2011-06-30 2014-09-10 RWE Innogy GmbH Système d'énergie éolienne offshore
EP3222848B1 (fr) 2012-06-08 2018-10-24 MHI Vestas Offshore Wind A/S Procédé d'installation d'une eolienne offshore
CN104334874A (zh) * 2012-06-08 2015-02-04 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 开关器件在风力涡轮机塔架中的布置
US9638172B2 (en) 2012-06-08 2017-05-02 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Arrangement of a switchgear of a wind turbine
EP2859231B1 (fr) 2012-06-08 2017-08-09 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Disposition d'un appareilage electrique dans un tour d'eolienne
EP3222848A1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2017-09-27 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Appareillage de commutation d'éolienne
WO2013182205A1 (fr) * 2012-06-08 2013-12-12 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Agencement d'un appareil de commutation dans une tour d'une turbine éolienne
US10615608B2 (en) 2017-04-07 2020-04-07 General Electric Company Low-wind operation of clustered doubly fed induction generator wind turbines
WO2019101902A1 (fr) * 2017-11-24 2019-05-31 Gox Ab Parc éolien
US11346322B2 (en) 2017-11-24 2022-05-31 Gox Ab Wind park
WO2021180280A1 (fr) * 2020-03-10 2021-09-16 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Centrale éolienne
EP4141257A1 (fr) * 2021-08-24 2023-03-01 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Éolienne avec connexion directe au réseau
WO2023025596A1 (fr) * 2021-08-24 2023-03-02 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Éolienne et parc éolien

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