WO2008155775A2 - Procédé et système pour la vaporisation de l'eau - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour la vaporisation de l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008155775A2
WO2008155775A2 PCT/IL2008/000846 IL2008000846W WO2008155775A2 WO 2008155775 A2 WO2008155775 A2 WO 2008155775A2 IL 2008000846 W IL2008000846 W IL 2008000846W WO 2008155775 A2 WO2008155775 A2 WO 2008155775A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
emr
chamber
initial
vaporization
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2008/000846
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008155775A3 (fr
Inventor
Isaac Yaniv
Ben-Zion Livneh
Walter Lurie
Original Assignee
Microcoal Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Microcoal Inc. filed Critical Microcoal Inc.
Publication of WO2008155775A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008155775A2/fr
Publication of WO2008155775A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008155775A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01B—BOILING; BOILING APPARATUS ; EVAPORATION; EVAPORATION APPARATUS
    • B01B1/00—Boiling; Boiling apparatus for physical or chemical purposes ; Evaporation in general
    • B01B1/005—Evaporation for physical or chemical purposes; Evaporation apparatus therefor, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the vaporization of water using electro-magnetic radiation (EMR), more particularly to methods for improving vaporization.
  • EMR electro-magnetic radiation
  • a method for vaporization of liquid having an initial weight of Wo, using Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR) of energy Eo comprising: a) subjecting said liquid to said Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR) yielding
  • said method further comprises: b) manipulating the weight of said liquid W( t ) by adding liquid so as to equalize the value of W Q with the initial Wo so as to maintain the initial vaporization ratio ⁇ 0 ; or c) manipulating the energy of said EMR over time E Q SO as to maintain the
  • This invention is based on the surprising observation that for a given amount of EMR energy (E) the rate of vaporization of a certain amount of water (W) is directly proportional to the amount of said water and inversely proportional to said energy of said EMR. If ⁇ is the vaporization ratio in Kg/KW-hr of EMR, then when applying a given microwave energy £On a certain amount of water W, the amount of water vapors produced will be lower per time unit if the initial amount of liquid water is smaller. It should be noted that in herinafter the following terms and units are used: • Power (P) in [kW]
  • a control volume may be defined containing the water in liquid phase exposed to the EMR therein.
  • the control volume may further contain water vapor emitted therein under the effect of the EMR which may be removed therefrom as will be explained hereinafter.
  • E (o) water occurs in which the water transforms from a liquid phase to the vapor phase. This process gradually reduces the weight of the liquid water from its initial value of Wo to a new value of Wi, maintaining Wi ⁇ Wo- As a result, the initial EMR energy of E 0 is now operating on a smaller weight of liquid water Wi and the vaporization ratio changes to
  • E (o) amount of water vaporized during a time unit changes as well. Also, in the case of a large change in the vaporization ratio, arcing may occur. This is partially due to the increase in the amount of water in vapor phase which causes the gaseous portion of the control volume to become inductive.
  • Reduction of said EMR energy in accordance with the weight of said water may also be achieved by using a series of different microwaves, each having a maximal power of its own.
  • a series of different microwaves each having a maximal power of its own.
  • the liquid water may be exposed to the second tier of emitter. This process may continue until the desired amount of liquid water has vaporizes, and may require several tiers of emitters.
  • the advantage of using an array of emitters relies on the fact that each emitter operates at its optimal maximal power. This is in contrast to reducing the power of the emitters gradually during the process, thus reducing the emitters' efficiency.
  • a system for vaporization of liquid by EMR comprising a process chamber adapted for containing therewith a liquid to be vaporized of an initial weight Wo, an EMR source of energy Eo associated with said chamber and adapted to convey said EMR thereto
  • the liquid used in said system may be exposed to EMR, either on its own, or as content in carriers such as moisture in solids (for example minerals), plants (for example wood), or organisms (for example beef), and other additional substances where subjecting said water to continuous EMR produces vaporization which reduces the amount of said water in said carrier with time allowing, inter alia, drying of said carrier.
  • EMR electrospray
  • the process chamber may comprise a first inlet adapted for the introduction of liquid therein and a first outlet adapted for removal of product therefrom.
  • the chamber may further have a pyramid shape and may be positioned such that the vertex of the pyramid constitutes a top end thereof and the base of said pyramid constitutes the bottom end thereof.
  • Said first inlet may be located adjacent the top end of said process chamber and said outlet located adjacent the bottom end thereof, whereby the liquid or liquid carrier may be displaced between said inlet and said outlet by virtue of gravitational forces.
  • the process chamber may be of a horizontal configuration, whereby the inlet and outlet are positioned at a similar height and elevation, wherein the fossil fuel is displaced within the chamber horizontally.
  • the product carrier e.g. fossil fuel
  • the product carrier may be withdrawn from said first outlet using a conveyer belt or similar means.
  • the operation speed of said conveyer belt may be variable and thereby control the operation throughput rate of the upgrading process taking place within said system.
  • the process chamber may be adapted for the connection of a waveguide thereto adapted to connect said chamber with said EMR source.
  • the chamber may be also adapted to be connected to an array of waveguides adapted to convey EMR thereto from several EMR sources.
  • the waveguides of said array may be disposed vertically along the height of the pyramid, e.g. one above the other.
  • the first inlet may be associated with said control element which may be in the form of a regulator adapted to determine the amount of liquid or liquid carrier which needs to be added to said chamber during operation of the system in order to maintain a desired initial weight, and a subsequent vaporization ratio.
  • the control element may be adapted to introduce additional water or water carrier W a ⁇ ⁇ so as to maintain the initial amount of water Wg within the chamber.
  • the pyramid shape of said process chamber may also be used as the control element as will be explained hereinafter.
  • liquid or a liquid carrier having an initial weight of Wg is introduced into the process chamber through said first inlet and is exposed to
  • the new vaporization ratio is
  • the liquid or liquid carrier is transformed downwards to a height H 2 where it is exposed to the same EMR of Eg only from a second waveguide.
  • the cross section of the pyramid is wider suggesting that the amount of liquid or carrier contained within a portion of the pyramid positioned at H 2 is greater than the amount contained at Hj.
  • the shape of the pyramid functions as the control element regulating the operation of the system such that at every height, the amount of liquid subjected to the EMR is essentially the same.
  • the product carrier may be withdrawn from said first outlet using a conveyer belt or similar means.
  • the operation speed of said conveyer belt may be variable and thereby control the operation throughput rate of the upgrading process taking place within said system.
  • each of the EMR sources connected to the process chamber may have a different maximum energy Eg, Ej, E 2 , etc in descending order.
  • the chamber may further be formed with outlets vents adapted for the removal of vapors from the process chamber, which may facilitate in prevention of arcing.
  • the removal of vapor from the process chamber may be achieved by vacuum or intensified air or gas flow through the process chamber.
  • the process chamber may also comprise a divider, which may be perforated, adapted to prevent the liquid or carrier from entering or blocking the outlet vents.
  • the optimization according to the present invention may be used in a variety of applications, especially for applications in which the removal of liquid water from a solid material is obtained by its vaporization.
  • one such application may be in the field of solid fossil fuel in which coal is dried using EMR to remove liquid water therefrom.
  • the efficiency of the vaporization process does not depend solely on the vaporization ratio and may depend also on various properties of the system including such features as origin, particle shape, particle size, its Dielectric Constant, etc., as well as the chamber's geometry, material of construction, and the amount of liquid or carrier maintained at a predetermined level in order to prevent electrical arcing.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a liquid vaporization process in accordance with an embodiment of the process of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a different embodiment of the process of Fig. 1 ;
  • Figs. 3A to 3D are schematic views of a system and apparatus for removing water from fossil fuel implementing the method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a tank 12 is connected to a source of EMR in the form of a MW emitter 14 via a waveguide 16.
  • the tank 12 is filled with water having an initial weight W 0 .
  • the wave guide is adapted to transfer the EMR from the MW emitter 14 to the water filling the tank 12 and is adapted to output MW radiation of energy Eo-
  • the water is first exposed to microwave radiation E 0 such that the vaporization
  • W ratio ⁇ 0 may be defined to be ⁇ 0 ⁇ — - .
  • the microwave radiation is emitted for a given
  • FIG. 2 another method for optimizing the vaporization process in the presence of EMR is shown, in which the EMR supplied to the tank 12 by the microwave emitter 14 is constantly reduced.
  • the tank 12 contains liquid water of initial weight Wo and is subjected to EMR of a power Po and energy Eo for a period of time to. After said period of time, the amount of liquid water in the tank
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel generally designated 10
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel is shown implementing the concept of the present invention.
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel generally designated 10
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel generally designated 10
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel generally designated 10
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel generally designated 10
  • a system for drying of fossil fuel generally designated 10
  • a coal processing unit 20 and an external microwave unit 30 adapted to provide the EMR to the coal processing unit 20 through a series of wave-guides 32.
  • the EMR unit 30 comprises a main power supply 104, a transformer 105, a rectifier 106 and four magnetrons 107, e.g. of 75Kw power, adapted to provide EMR to the corresponding four waveguides 32.
  • the waveguides 32 may also be connected to a source of inert gas, such as e.g. compressed nitrogen (N 2 ) cylinder, to supply the inert in order to prevent the creation of fire.
  • the inert may also be CO2 or any other gas suitable for the indicated purpose.
  • the coal processing unit 20 comprises a process chamber 40, a set of load cells 23, a feeder 24 and a discharge conveyer belt 26.
  • the feeder 24 is adapted to allow coal of a given particle size to enter the process chamber 40, while diverting coal lumps exceeding the desired particle size directly to the discharge conveyer belt 26.
  • the coal processing unit 20 receives coal packed in sacks 102 from an external source 101, from where is filled to a receiving hopper 108.
  • the hopper 108 is transported along a conveyer belt 109 until it reaches the load cells 23.
  • the coal processing unit 20 further comprises a suction member 115 adapted to provide vacuum to the process chamber 40 as will be discussed with reference to Figs. 3 B and 3 C.
  • the suction member is connected to a condenser 116 used in a cooling system 50 used for cooling of the entire system 10.
  • the cooling system 50 comprises a condensate receiver 117 with a condensate pump 118, the condensate receiver 117 being also connected to a vacuum pump 119 such that the cooling system 50 is adapted to provide central cooling water 120 for the entire system 10, and discharge condensate and air to the atmosphere.
  • the process chamber 40 comprising a main body 42 shaped in the form of a pyramid and having a feed end 42a at the top of the chamber and a discharge end 42b at its bottom.
  • the body is further formed with a front panel 44a adapted for receiving a set of wave-guides therethrough, and a rear panel 44b fabricated of a perforated surface 45.
  • the front and rear panels 44a, 44b define a cavity 46 within the body 42 adapted to contain therein solid fossil fuel to be processed therein.
  • the front panel 44a receives therethrough the set of wave-guides 32 which are disposed horizontally.
  • the perforated surface 45 is fitted with dividers 48 forming four sections therebehind 48a to 48d.
  • the outlet vents 49 are disposed vertically in accordance with the wave-guides 32.
  • coal lumps having an initial moisture of X% (calculated by the weight of the fossil fuel entire lump and the weight of the water contained in the said lump) are introduced into the load cells 23 and are transferred to the feeder 24 where size sorting of the coal lumps is performed, during which coal lumps of up to a certain size, for example 3 inches, are allowed to enter the chamber 40.
  • Coal lumps of a larger size are diverted directly to the discharge conveyer belt 26.
  • the coal lumps Upon being introduced to the chamber 40, the coal lumps are exposed to EMR incoming through the set of wave-guides from the microwave unit 30. Due to the shape of 42 of the chamber 40, and due to particle size reduction occurring during the process, the amount of solid fossil fuel varies in accordance with the height of the chamber 40, such that at a higher level, a lesser amount of solid fossil fuel is exposed to EMR than that at a lower level.
  • EMR liquid water contained inside the lumps of the solid fossil fuel is released in a vapor phase. The vapor is withdrawn from the inside of the chamber and passes through the perforated surface 45 by means of a vacuum, or airing of the chamber 40. After passing through the perforated surface 45, the vapor is removed by the outlet vents 49.
  • the perforated surface 45 allows the removal of vapor therethrough, while at the same time preventing the coal lumps from blocking the outlet vents 49.
  • the removal of vapor from the chamber facilitates the prevention of arcing, a phenomenon in which during subjection to EMR the vapor causes the air to become inductive of the EMR ionizing the air and causing a short circuit. Overcoming such short circuit requires shutting down the entire system for a certain period of time which slows down the process and is undesired.
  • the upgraded fossil fuel lumps are removed by the discharge conveyer belt.
  • a design variation of the chamber 40 is shown in which the number of wave-guides changes along the height of the chamber 40 allowing better control of the amount of microwave exposure inside the chamber 40.
  • Fig. 3D there are show a schematic of the EMR stages, a side view of the chamber, a front view of the chamber and an enlarged view of detail A of the chamber 40.
  • the chamber comprises six waveguides 140 arranged such that EMR is directed to the processing chamber in three stages denoted Sl, S2, and S3 respectively.
  • Sl three waveguides 140 of power 100Kw each are used
  • S2 two waveguides 140 of power 150Kw each are used
  • S3 one waveguide 140 of power 300Kw is used.
  • the sum of power of all waveguides amounts to 300Kw.
  • the cross-section of the waveguides 140 of the first and third stage Sl, S3 are of smaller dimension than the cross section of the waveguides of the second stage S2.
  • One of the reasons for changing the diameter of the waveguide cross section is to allow the waveguide 140 to provide EMR to the entire cross-section of the chamber 40, i.e. allow it to cover the majority of the processing chamber 40 at the height level thereof.
  • Each waveguide 140 is fitted at an end thereof with a EMR transparent shield
  • the processing chamber 40 is constantly provided with ambient air 150 adapted to sweep water vapor to the vacuum chamber. It is further observed that the vacuum chamber is separated from the processing chamber 40 by a screen 170 formed of slats 172 adapted to allow water vapor to be sucked into the vacuum chamber while preventing coal particles from doing the same.
  • the processing chamber 40 is of a width W 1 after the top, feed end 42a, and gradually widens towards the bottom thereof at an angle a until it reaches a width W 2 . Then, it proceeds to become narrower towards the bottom, outlet end thereof 42b having width W 3 , satisfying Wi ⁇ W 3 ⁇ W 2 .
  • the processing chamber 40 may be divided into a first, major portion 144a axially spanning between the feed end 42a of width W 1 and the wide most cross section of W 2 of the processing chamber 40, and a second, minor portion 144b spanning between the cross section of width W 2 of the processing chamber 40, to the outlet end 42b of width W 3 . .
  • the first major portion 144a has an axial length of H 3
  • the minor portion 144b has an axial length of H 5 +H 6 .
  • major portion 144a there are disposed four waveguides 140 axially spaced at distances X 1 between one and other, arranged such that the top most waveguide is at an axial distance of H 2 from the feed end 40a. Also disposed within the major portion 144a an array of 3 ambient air channels 152 axially spaced therebetween at a distance X 2 «Xi, such that between each two waveguides 140 there is disposed an ambient air channel 152.
  • the entire axial span of the processing chamber 40 is generally greater than the widths W 1 , W 2 and W 3 of various cross sections of the processing chamber 40.
  • PP Polypropylene
  • Total interval for measurement is of about 2 minutes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour la vaporisation d'un liquide ayant un poids initial de W0, à l'aide d'un rayonnement électromagnétique (EMR) d'énergie E0. Le procédé consiste : d) à soumettre le liquide au rayonnement électromagnétique (EMR) fournissant un rapport de vaporisation initial (I), le poids du liquide W(t), en raison de l'EMR, diminuant par comparaison avec le W0 initial, changeant par la suite le rapport de vaporisation (II). Le procédé consiste en outre : e) à manipuler le poids du liquide W(t) en ajoutant du liquide de façon à égaliser la valeur de W(t) avec le W0 initial de façon à maintenir le rapport de vaporisation initial β0; ou f) à manipuler l'énergie de l'EMR au cours du temps E(t) de façon à maintenir le rapport de vaporisation initial (III).
PCT/IL2008/000846 2007-06-20 2008-06-22 Procédé et système pour la vaporisation de l'eau WO2008155775A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US92927507P 2007-06-20 2007-06-20
US60/929,275 2007-06-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008155775A2 true WO2008155775A2 (fr) 2008-12-24
WO2008155775A3 WO2008155775A3 (fr) 2009-02-19

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PCT/IL2008/000846 WO2008155775A2 (fr) 2007-06-20 2008-06-22 Procédé et système pour la vaporisation de l'eau

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9184593B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2015-11-10 Microcoal Inc. Method and apparatus for storing power from irregular and poorly controlled power sources
US9810480B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2017-11-07 Targeted Microwave Solutions Inc. Methods and apparatus for electromagnetic processing of phyllosilicate minerals

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376034A (en) * 1979-12-17 1983-03-08 Wall Edward T Method and apparatus for recovering carbon products from oil shale
FR2552864A2 (fr) * 1982-10-05 1985-04-05 Perron Robert Procede de dessiccation d'un melange liquide ou pateux et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US5330623A (en) * 1987-11-11 1994-07-19 Holland Kenneth M Process of destructive distillation of organic material
DE10242797A1 (de) * 2002-09-14 2004-03-25 Degussa Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Phasenumwandlung von Stoffen
WO2006108796A1 (fr) * 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 INSTITUT FüR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH Microevaporateur

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4376034A (en) * 1979-12-17 1983-03-08 Wall Edward T Method and apparatus for recovering carbon products from oil shale
FR2552864A2 (fr) * 1982-10-05 1985-04-05 Perron Robert Procede de dessiccation d'un melange liquide ou pateux et appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
US5330623A (en) * 1987-11-11 1994-07-19 Holland Kenneth M Process of destructive distillation of organic material
DE10242797A1 (de) * 2002-09-14 2004-03-25 Degussa Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Phasenumwandlung von Stoffen
WO2006108796A1 (fr) * 2005-04-15 2006-10-19 INSTITUT FüR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH Microevaporateur

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9184593B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2015-11-10 Microcoal Inc. Method and apparatus for storing power from irregular and poorly controlled power sources
US9810480B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2017-11-07 Targeted Microwave Solutions Inc. Methods and apparatus for electromagnetic processing of phyllosilicate minerals

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