WO2008151929A1 - Hybrid drive with exhaust gas recovery, and method for the same - Google Patents

Hybrid drive with exhaust gas recovery, and method for the same Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008151929A1
WO2008151929A1 PCT/EP2008/056486 EP2008056486W WO2008151929A1 WO 2008151929 A1 WO2008151929 A1 WO 2008151929A1 EP 2008056486 W EP2008056486 W EP 2008056486W WO 2008151929 A1 WO2008151929 A1 WO 2008151929A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical energy
steam
hybrid drive
electric machine
internal combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/056486
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Henrick Brandes
Manfred Schmitt
Lutz Rauchfuss
Miroslaw Brzoza
Sebastien Urban
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2008151929A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008151929A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/15—Control strategies specially adapted for achieving a particular effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid drive according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for this purpose.
  • Hybrid drives especially for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, with internal combustion engines and electrical machines are known.
  • two concepts are currently known essentially.
  • water is heated by means of power / heat coupling, which drives an expander coupled to the crankshaft of the engine.
  • the exhaust energy is converted by means of a heat exchanger into water vapor, which drives an electric generator via an expansion machine. This electrical energy is used to drive an electric machine coupled to a transmission of the vehicle.
  • the electric motor is dependent on the presence of exhaust gas energy and thus on the operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an exhaust gas energy use in hybrid vehicles, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned.
  • a hybrid drive for a vehicle in particular a motor vehicle, is proposed, with at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine, wherein the internal combustion engine has an exhaust system whose heat energy, or a part thereof, is fed to a steam / fluid cycle for steam generation, the steam being a
  • Expansionsmaschine drives which drives an electric generator whose generated electrical energy is supplied to an electrical energy storage and / or the electric machine.
  • electrical energy is generated, but which is supplied to an electrical energy store and / or the electric machine.
  • This makes it possible to operate the vehicle via the internal combustion engine and / or via the electric machine, energy which is not required in the electric machine being supplied to the electrical energy store so that it is ready for use in the electric machine on demand. Consequently, the electric machine can also be used when there is little or no exhaust gas energy available for generating electrical energy in the electric generator, for example when the internal combustion engine is at rest or at partial load operation or even at idle only. It is hereby provided that not necessarily the entire heat energy that is available in the exhaust system, the steam / fluid circuit is supplied; Rather, only a partial supply of heat energy to the steam / fluid circuit is possible.
  • the electric machine receives electrical energy from the electrical energy store.
  • the electric machine draws electrical energy from the electrical energy store.
  • the electrical energy can therefore, in particular in variable ratios, the electric machine on the one hand from the electric generator, on the other hand, but from the electrical energy storage are supplied.
  • the electric machine can thus either completely derive the energy from the electric generator, completely from the electrical energy storage or in a variable ratio from both sources.
  • the electric machine is coupled to an output shaft of the vehicle directly or via a (in particular controllable) crank mechanism.
  • the electric machine in particular when coupled via a controllable coupling gear, be coupled for torque transmission of the output shaft.
  • the output shaft here is in particular that which also serves as the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, which thus ultimately uses the kinetic energy generated to drive the vehicle.
  • a cooler is arranged in the steam / fluid circuit.
  • the fluid vapor coming from the expansion machine condenses in this cooler and can thus be re-supplied to the circuit.
  • a compressor is arranged in the steam / fluid circuit.
  • the compressor pumps the condensed fluid back into the vapor / fluid circuit under pressure.
  • the hybrid drive has a control unit which controls the electrical energy flow from the generator to the electrical energy store and / or to the electrical machine.
  • the control unit directs the electrical energy flow from the generator depending on the operating state of the vehicle and the respective
  • Components either to the electrical energy storage or electric machine, or in variable ratios to both. In this way, an operation of the electric machine and at the same time a charging of the electric energy storage can be achieved if sufficient exhaust energy for Is available to cause a sufficient electrical energy flow from the generator.
  • control unit supplies energy of the electrical energy flow to at least one electrical ancillary unit of the internal combustion engine.
  • electrical energy which is obtained from exhaust energy to feed.
  • an energy is expended that has been lost in the prior art and in conventional hybrid vehicles as exhaust gas energy so far unused.
  • a method for operating a hybrid drive for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle is proposed, wherein the hybrid drive is equipped with at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine, and thermal energy, or a part thereof, of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to a steam / fluid circuit Steam generation is supplied, wherein the steam is driven by an expansion machine which drives an electric generator whose electrical energy is supplied to an electrical energy storage and / or the electric machine.
  • exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine emit their thermal energy or a part thereof from a vapor / fluid circuit, which leads to the generation of steam.
  • an expansion machine is driven, which in turn drives a generator whose electrical energy generated the electric energy storage and / or the electric machine, depending on the operating state of the hybrid drive and in particular according to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage, is supplied.
  • This supply to the electrical energy store and / or the electric machine or the division of the electrical energy among these components via a control device stores the energy or converts it into mechanical power according to the state of charge of the electrical energy store and / or operating state of the hybrid drive.
  • the electrical energy and ancillaries namely electrical ancillaries, the internal combustion engine can be supplied.
  • the figure shows a hybrid drive with exhaust gas energy use in a schematic representation.
  • the figure shows a hybrid drive 1 of a vehicle, not shown.
  • This has an internal combustion engine 2 and one with this in the drive train coupled electric machine 3 on.
  • the electric machine 3 is coupled to the internal combustion engine 2 variably, that is to say in particular releasably or with controllable / controllable torque transmission.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 has an exhaust line 4 for discharging hot combustion exhaust gases.
  • an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 is integrated downstream of the internal combustion engine 2, which supplies heat energy contained in the combustion exhaust gases to a steam / fluid circuit 6.
  • an expansion machine 7 is arranged downstream of a cooler 8 downstream.
  • a driven by the expansion machine 7 compressor 9 for compressing the vapor / fluid in the vapor / fluid circuit 6 is arranged, from which in the vapor / fluid circuit 6, the fluid is passed back into the exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 to again heat energy of Combustion gases absorb.
  • a suitably coupled with this electric generator 10 which converts the kinetic energy obtained in the expansion machine 7 into electrical energy.
  • suitable line connections 11, such as power cable 12, the electric generator 10 is electrically connected downstream of a control unit 13, which via line connections 11 an electrical
  • the control unit 13 carries the electrical energy obtained in the electric generator 10, depending on the operating state of the hybrid drive 1 and / or state of charge of the electrical energy store 14 either the electrical energy storage 14, the electric machine 3 or both in a suitable, in particular determined by the control unit and / or set ratio to.
  • the electric machine 3 can be used alone, ie without the use of the internal combustion engine 2, to operate the vehicle, not shown, wherein it receives the required electrical energy from the electrical energy storage 14.
  • the internal combustion engine 2 can be used without simultaneous use of the electric machine 3 solely for the operation of the vehicle, not shown, in which case the electrical energy obtained from the heat energy of the combustion exhaust gases electrical energy storage 14 is supplied via the control unit 13.
  • the electrical machine 3 is supplied with electrical energy from the generator 10 and / or the electrical energy store 14 via the control unit 13.

Abstract

The invention relates to a hybrid drive (1) for a vehicle, particularly a motor vehicle, having at least one internal combustion engine (2) and at least one electrical engine (3), wherein the internal combustion engine (2) has an exhaust gas system (4), the thermal energy of which, or a portion thereof, is supplied to a steam/fluid circuit (6) for the generation of steam, wherein the steam drives an expansion engine (7) driving an electric generator (10), the generated electric energy of which is supplied to an electric energy storage (14) and/or to the electrical engine (3). The invention further relates to a method for operating a hybrid drive for a vehicle, particularly a motor vehicle, wherein the hybrid drive is equipped with at least one internal combustion engine, and at least one electrical engine, and the thermal energy, or a portion thereof, of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is supplied to a steam/fluid circuit for the generation of steam, which drives an electric generator, the generated electric energy of which is supplied to an electric energy storage and/or to the electrical engine.

Description

Beschreibung description
Titel Hybridantrieb mit Abgasenergienutzung und Verfahren hierzuTitle Hybrid drive with exhaust gas energy and method
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb nach Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren hierzu.The invention relates to a hybrid drive according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for this purpose.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Hybridantriebe, insbesondere für Fahrzeuge, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuge, mit Brennkraftmaschinen und elektrischen Maschinen sind bekannt. Um die in den Abgasen der Brennkraftmaschine enthaltene Restenergie zu nutzen, die in bestehenden Konzepten noch ungenutzt mit dem Abgas über die Abgasanlage ins Freie transportiert wird und verloren geht, sind derzeit im Wesentlichen zwei Konzepte bekannt. Bei einem Konzept wird im Wege der Kraft-Λ/Värme-Kopplung Wasser erhitzt, das eine Expansionsmaschine antreibt, die mit der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelt ist. Hieran ist nachteilig, dass die aus der Abgasenergie gewonnene Energie dem Motor permanent zugeführt wird, was nicht immer notwendig ist. Überdies geht die Abgasenergie beim Bremsen und im Stillstand des Fahrzeugs verloren. Bei einem anderen Konzept wird die Abgasenergie mittels eines Wärmetauschers in Wasserdampf umgewandelt, der einen elektrischen Generator über eine Expansionsmaschine antreibt. Diese elektrische Energie wird verwendet, um eine elektrische Maschine anzutreiben, die mit einem Getriebe des Fahrzeugs gekoppelt ist. Hieran ist nachteilig, dass der Elektromotor auf das Vorhandensein von Abgasenergie und damit auf den Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine angewiesen ist.Hybrid drives, especially for vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, with internal combustion engines and electrical machines are known. In order to use the residual energy contained in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engine, which is transported in existing concepts still unused with the exhaust gas through the exhaust system to the outside and is lost, two concepts are currently known essentially. In one concept, water is heated by means of power / heat coupling, which drives an expander coupled to the crankshaft of the engine. This has the disadvantage that the energy obtained from the exhaust energy is supplied to the engine permanently, which is not always necessary. Moreover, the exhaust energy is lost during braking and at standstill of the vehicle. In another concept, the exhaust energy is converted by means of a heat exchanger into water vapor, which drives an electric generator via an expansion machine. This electrical energy is used to drive an electric machine coupled to a transmission of the vehicle. This has the disadvantage that the electric motor is dependent on the presence of exhaust gas energy and thus on the operation of the internal combustion engine.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Abgasenergienutzung in Hybridfahrzeugen bereitzustellen, die die genannten Nachteile vermeidet. Hierzu wird ein Hybridantrieb für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, vorgeschlagen, mit mindestens einer Brennkraftmaschine und mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine eine Abgasanlage aufweist, deren Wärmeenergie, oder ein Teil davon, einem Dampf-/Fluid- kreislauf zur Dampferzeugung zugeführt wird, wobei der Dampf eineThe object of the invention is to provide an exhaust gas energy use in hybrid vehicles, which avoids the disadvantages mentioned. For this purpose, a hybrid drive for a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, is proposed, with at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine, wherein the internal combustion engine has an exhaust system whose heat energy, or a part thereof, is fed to a steam / fluid cycle for steam generation, the steam being a
Expansionsmaschine antreibt, die einen elektrischen Generator antreibt, dessen erzeugte elektrische Energie einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der elektrischen Maschine zugeführt wird. Anders als bei den oben zum Stand der Technik beschriebenen Ausführungsformen wird elektrische Energie erzeugt, die aber einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der elektrischen Maschine zugeführt wird. Hiermit ist ein Betrieb des Fahrzeugs über die Brennkraftmaschine und/oder über die elektrische Maschine möglich, wobei in der elektrischen Maschine nicht benötigte Energie dem elektrischen Energiespeicher zugeführt wird, damit sie dort auf Abruf zur Verwendung in der elektrischen Maschine bereitsteht. Die elektrische Maschine kann folglich auch dann verwendet werden, wenn keine oder nur wenig Abgasenergie zur Erzeugung von elektrischer Energie im elektrischen Generator bereitsteht, wobei die Brennkraftmaschine beispielsweise stillsteht oder nur im Teillastbetrieb oder gar nur im Leerlauf arbeitet. Es ist hierbei vorgesehen, dass nicht notwendig die gesamte Wärmeenergie, die in der Abgasanlage zur Verfügung steht, den Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf zugeführt wird; vielmehr ist auch eine nur teilweise Zuführung von Wärmeenergie zum Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf möglich.Expansionsmaschine drives, which drives an electric generator whose generated electrical energy is supplied to an electrical energy storage and / or the electric machine. Unlike the embodiments described above in the prior art, electrical energy is generated, but which is supplied to an electrical energy store and / or the electric machine. This makes it possible to operate the vehicle via the internal combustion engine and / or via the electric machine, energy which is not required in the electric machine being supplied to the electrical energy store so that it is ready for use in the electric machine on demand. Consequently, the electric machine can also be used when there is little or no exhaust gas energy available for generating electrical energy in the electric generator, for example when the internal combustion engine is at rest or at partial load operation or even at idle only. It is hereby provided that not necessarily the entire heat energy that is available in the exhaust system, the steam / fluid circuit is supplied; Rather, only a partial supply of heat energy to the steam / fluid circuit is possible.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die elektrische Maschine elektrische Energie aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher erhält. Fordert die elektrische Maschine zum Betrieb des Fahrzeugs beispielsweise mehr elektrische Energie an, als der elektrische Generator zur Zeit bereitstellen kann, bezieht die elektrische Maschine elektrische Energie aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher. Die elektrische Energie kann demzufolge, insbesondere in variablen Verhältnissen, der elektrischen Maschine einerseits aus dem elektrischen Generator, andererseits aber aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher zugeführt werden. Je nach Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs und insbesondere der Brennkraftmaschine, von deren Lastzustand die nutzbare Energie des Abgases abhängig ist, kann demzufolge der elektrischen Maschine die Energie entweder vollständig vom elektrischen Generator, vollständig aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher oder in einem variablen Verhältnis aus beiden Quellen zugeführt werden. Hierdurch ist ein dauernder oder auch ein zeitweiliger Einsatz der elektrischen Maschine möglich, was insbesondere zur Überwindung von Drehmomentspitzen sinnvoll sein kann, beispielsweise im Anfahrbetrieb, bei steiler Bergfahrt oder im Zugbetrieb. Eine zwingende Festlegung auf ausschließlich eine Antriebsart, nämlich durch die Brennkraftmaschine oder die elektrische Maschine, wird auf diese Weise ebenfalls vorteilhaft verhindert.In a further embodiment, it is provided that the electric machine receives electrical energy from the electrical energy store. For example, if the electric machine for operating the vehicle requires more electrical energy than the electric generator can currently provide, the electric machine draws electrical energy from the electrical energy store. The electrical energy can therefore, in particular in variable ratios, the electric machine on the one hand from the electric generator, on the other hand, but from the electrical energy storage are supplied. Depending on the operating state of the vehicle and in particular of the internal combustion engine, the load state of which the usable energy of the exhaust gas is dependent, the electric machine can thus either completely derive the energy from the electric generator, completely from the electrical energy storage or in a variable ratio from both sources. As a result, a permanent or even a temporary use of the electric machine is possible, which may be useful in particular to overcome torque peaks, for example, in the start-up, on steep ascent or in train operation. A compelling determination on only one type of drive, namely by the internal combustion engine or the electric machine is also advantageously prevented in this way.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die elektrische Maschine mit einer Abtriebswelle des Fahrzeugs direkt oder über ein (insbesondere regelbares) Kurbelgetriebe gekoppelt. In dieser Ausführungsform kann die elektrische Maschine, insbesondere bei Koppelung über ein regelbares Koppelgetriebe, zur Momentübertragung der Abtriebswelle angekoppelt werden. Die Abtriebswelle ist hierbei insbesondere diejenige, die auch als Abtriebswelle der Brennkraftmaschine dient, die also letztlich die erzeugte Bewegungsenergie zum Antrieb des Fahrzeugs nutzt.In a further embodiment, the electric machine is coupled to an output shaft of the vehicle directly or via a (in particular controllable) crank mechanism. In this embodiment, the electric machine, in particular when coupled via a controllable coupling gear, be coupled for torque transmission of the output shaft. The output shaft here is in particular that which also serves as the output shaft of the internal combustion engine, which thus ultimately uses the kinetic energy generated to drive the vehicle.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist im Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf ein Kühler angeordnet. Der aus der Expansionsmaschine kommende Fluiddampf kondensiert in diesem Kühler und kann so dem Kreislauf neu zugeführt werden.In a further embodiment, a cooler is arranged in the steam / fluid circuit. The fluid vapor coming from the expansion machine condenses in this cooler and can thus be re-supplied to the circuit.
In einer weiteren, bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist im Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf ein Kompressor angeordnet. Der Kompressor pumpt das im Kühler kondensierte Fluid unter Druck zurück in den Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf.In a further preferred embodiment, a compressor is arranged in the steam / fluid circuit. The compressor pumps the condensed fluid back into the vapor / fluid circuit under pressure.
In einer weiteren, besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist der Hybridantrieb ein Steuergerät auf, das den elektrischen Energiefluss vom Generator zum elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder zur elektrischen Maschine steuert/regelt. Das Steuergerät lenkt den elektrischen Energiefluss vom Generator je nach Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs und der jeweiligenIn a further, particularly preferred embodiment, the hybrid drive has a control unit which controls the electrical energy flow from the generator to the electrical energy store and / or to the electrical machine. The control unit directs the electrical energy flow from the generator depending on the operating state of the vehicle and the respective
Komponenten entweder zum elektrischen Energiespeicher oder zur elektrischen Maschine, oder in variablen Verhältnissen zu beiden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich ein Betrieb der elektrischen Maschine und gleichzeitig ein Laden des elektrischen Energiespeichers erreichen, wenn ausreichend Abgasenergie zur Verfügung steht, um einen hinreichenden elektrischen Energiefluss vom Generator zu bewirken.Components either to the electrical energy storage or electric machine, or in variable ratios to both. In this way, an operation of the electric machine and at the same time a charging of the electric energy storage can be achieved if sufficient exhaust energy for Is available to cause a sufficient electrical energy flow from the generator.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform führt das Steuergerät Energie des elektrischen Energieflusses mindestens einem elektrischen Nebenaggregat der Brennkraftmaschine zu. Hiermit ist es möglich, auch elektrische Nebenaggregate, wie sie in modernen Fahrzeugen in größerer Anzahl vorkommen, mittels elektrischer Energie, die aus Abgasenergie gewonnen wird, zu speisen. Insbesondere ist hierbei nicht erforderlich, das Nebenaggregat über das im Stand der Technik bekannte Fahrzeugbordnetz und über einen konventionellen Fahrzeugakkumulator zu betreiben, oder etwa das Nebenaggregat über Antriebsriemen mechanisch zu betreiben. Für den Betrieb des elektrischen Nebenaggregats wird eine Energie aufgewandt, die im Stand der Technik und in konventionellen Hybridfahrzeugen als Abgasenergie bislang ungenutzt verloren geht. Auf die hier vorgeschlagene Weise ist insbesondere keine Motorleistung des Fahrzeugs zum Betrieb eines Generators erforderlich, so dass die Brennkraftmaschine und die elektrische Maschine ausschließlich zum Antrieb des Fahrzeugs verwendet werden und/oder entsprechend kleiner dimensioniert werden können, was vorteilhaft zur Energieeinsparung und zur Umweltverträglichkeit des Fahrzeugs beiträgt.In a further embodiment, the control unit supplies energy of the electrical energy flow to at least one electrical ancillary unit of the internal combustion engine. This makes it possible, even electrical ancillaries, as they occur in modern vehicles in larger numbers, by means of electrical energy, which is obtained from exhaust energy to feed. In particular, in this case it is not necessary to operate the auxiliary unit via the vehicle electrical system known from the prior art and via a conventional vehicle accumulator, or to mechanically operate the auxiliary unit via drive belts, for example. For the operation of the electrical auxiliary unit, an energy is expended that has been lost in the prior art and in conventional hybrid vehicles as exhaust gas energy so far unused. In the manner proposed here, in particular, no engine power of the vehicle for operating a generator is required, so that the internal combustion engine and the electric machine are used exclusively for driving the vehicle and / or can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller, which is advantageous for energy saving and environmental compatibility of the vehicle contributes.
Weiter wird ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug vorgeschlagen, wobei der Hybridantrieb mit mindestens einer Brennkraftmaschine und mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine ausgerüstet ist, und thermische Energie, oder ein Teil davon, des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine einem Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf zur Dampferzeugung zugeführt wird, wobei mit dem Dampf eine Expansionsmaschine angetrieben wird, die einen elektrischen Generator antreibt, dessen erzeugte elektrische Energie einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der elektrischen Maschine zugeführt wird. Die in derFurther, a method for operating a hybrid drive for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle is proposed, wherein the hybrid drive is equipped with at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine, and thermal energy, or a part thereof, of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to a steam / fluid circuit Steam generation is supplied, wherein the steam is driven by an expansion machine which drives an electric generator whose electrical energy is supplied to an electrical energy storage and / or the electric machine. The in the
Brennkraftmaschine entstehenden Abgase geben demzufolge ihre thermische Energie oder einen Teil derselben einem Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf ab, was zur Dampferzeugung führt. Mit dem so erzeugten Dampf wird eine Expansionsmaschine angetrieben, die wiederum einen Generator antreibt, dessen erzeugte elektrische Energie dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der elektrischen Maschine, je nach Betriebszustand des Hybridantriebs und insbesondere nach Ladezustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers, zugeführt wird. Besonders vorteilhaft geschieht diese Zuführung zum elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der elektrischen Maschine respektive die Aufteilung der elektrischen Energie unter diesen Komponenten über ein Steuergerät, das nach Ladezustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers und/oder Betriebszustand des Hybridantriebs, die Energie speichert oder in mechanische Leistung wandeln lässt. Insbesondere kann die elektrische Energie auch Nebenaggregaten, nämlich elektrischen Nebenaggregaten, der Brennkraftmaschine zugeführt werden. Wenn der elektrische Energiespeicher vollständig oder teilweise aufgeladen ist, wird im Regelfall nur noch die elektrische Maschine mit Strom versorgt. Die Leistungsaufnahme der elektrischen Maschine wird hierbei so gesteuert, dass sich ein Gleichgewicht zwischen dem Leistungseintrag in den Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf, insbesondere über einen Abgaswärmetauscher, und der abgegebenen Generatorleistung einstellt. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass der Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf, insbesondere der Abgaswärmetauscher, nicht thermisch überlastet wird. Durch die Ausführung dieses Verfahrens und die vorstehend beschriebene Vorrichtung hierzu kann Abgasenergie vorteilhaft kontinuierlich gespeichert und gezielt genutzt werden.Accordingly, exhaust gases produced by the internal combustion engine emit their thermal energy or a part thereof from a vapor / fluid circuit, which leads to the generation of steam. With the steam thus generated, an expansion machine is driven, which in turn drives a generator whose electrical energy generated the electric energy storage and / or the electric machine, depending on the operating state of the hybrid drive and in particular according to the state of charge of the electrical energy storage, is supplied. This supply to the electrical energy store and / or the electric machine or the division of the electrical energy among these components via a control device stores the energy or converts it into mechanical power according to the state of charge of the electrical energy store and / or operating state of the hybrid drive. In particular, the electrical energy and ancillaries, namely electrical ancillaries, the internal combustion engine can be supplied. When the electrical energy storage is completely or partially charged, usually only the electric machine is supplied with power. The power consumption of the electric machine is hereby controlled so that sets a balance between the power input in the steam / fluid circuit, in particular via an exhaust gas heat exchanger, and the output generator power. This ensures that the steam / fluid circuit, in particular the exhaust gas heat exchanger, is not thermally overloaded. By carrying out this method and the device described above, exhaust gas energy can advantageously be continuously stored and used in a targeted manner.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen und aus Kombinationen derselben.Further advantageous embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims and combinations thereof.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment.
Die Figur zeigt einen Hybridantrieb mit Abgasenergienutzung in schematischer Darstellung.The figure shows a hybrid drive with exhaust gas energy use in a schematic representation.
Ausführungsform(en) der ErfindungEmbodiment (s) of the invention
Die Figur zeigt einen Hybridantrieb 1 eines nicht dargestellten Fahrzeugs. Dieser weist eine Brennkraftmaschine 2 sowie eine mit dieser im Antriebsstrang gekoppelte elektrische Maschine 3 auf. Insbesondere ist hierbei vorgesehen, die elektrische Maschine 3 variabel, also insbesondere lösbar beziehungsweise mit steuer-/regelbarer Momentübertragung, an die Brennkraftmaschine 2 zu koppeln. Die Brennkraftmaschine 2 weist einen Abgasstrang 4 zur Ableitung heißer Verbrennungsabgase auf. In den Abgasstrang 4 ist stromabwärts der Brennkraftmaschine 2 ein Abgaswärmetauscher 5 eingebunden, der in den Verbrennungsabgasen enthaltene Wärmeenergie einem Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf 6 zuführt. In dem Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf 6 ist, stromabwärts des Abgaswärmetauschers 5, eine Expansionsmaschine 7 angeordnet, der stromabwärts ein Kühler 8 nachgeordnet ist. Stromabwärts des Kühlers 8 ist ein von der Expansionsmaschine 7 angetriebener Kompressor 9 zur Verdichtung des Dampfes/Fluids im Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf 6 angeordnet, von dem aus im Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf 6 das Fluid zurück in den Abgaswärmetauscher 5 geleitet wird, um erneut Wärmeenergie der Verbrennungsabgase aufzunehmen. Ebenfalls von der Expansionsmaschine 7 angetrieben wird ein mit dieser in geeigneter Weise gekuppelter elektrischer Generator 10, der die in der Expansionsmaschine 7 gewonnene Bewegungsenergie in elektrische Energie umwandelt. Über geeignete Leitungsverbindungen 11 , beispielsweise Stromkabel 12, ist dem elektrischen Generator 10 elektrisch ein Steuergerät 13 nachgeschaltet, dem über Leitungsverbindungen 11 ein elektrischerThe figure shows a hybrid drive 1 of a vehicle, not shown. This has an internal combustion engine 2 and one with this in the drive train coupled electric machine 3 on. In particular, it is provided in this case that the electric machine 3 is coupled to the internal combustion engine 2 variably, that is to say in particular releasably or with controllable / controllable torque transmission. The internal combustion engine 2 has an exhaust line 4 for discharging hot combustion exhaust gases. In the exhaust line 4, an exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 is integrated downstream of the internal combustion engine 2, which supplies heat energy contained in the combustion exhaust gases to a steam / fluid circuit 6. In the steam / fluid circuit 6, downstream of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 5, an expansion machine 7 is arranged downstream of a cooler 8 downstream. Downstream of the radiator 8, a driven by the expansion machine 7 compressor 9 for compressing the vapor / fluid in the vapor / fluid circuit 6 is arranged, from which in the vapor / fluid circuit 6, the fluid is passed back into the exhaust gas heat exchanger 5 to again heat energy of Combustion gases absorb. Also driven by the expansion machine 7 is a suitably coupled with this electric generator 10, which converts the kinetic energy obtained in the expansion machine 7 into electrical energy. About suitable line connections 11, such as power cable 12, the electric generator 10 is electrically connected downstream of a control unit 13, which via line connections 11 an electrical
Energiespeicher 14 sowie ebenfalls über geeignete Leitungsverbindungen 11 die elektrische Maschine 3 angeschlossen sind. Das Steuergerät 13 führt die in dem elektrischen Generator 10 gewonnene elektrische Energie je nach Betriebszustand des Hybridantriebs 1 und/oder Ladezustand des elektrischen Energiespeichers 14 entweder dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 14, der elektrischen Maschine 3 oder aber beiden in einem geeigneten, insbesondere einen von dem Steuergerät ermittelten und/oder eingestellten Verhältnis zu.Energy storage 14 and also via suitable line connections 11, the electric machine 3 are connected. The control unit 13 carries the electrical energy obtained in the electric generator 10, depending on the operating state of the hybrid drive 1 and / or state of charge of the electrical energy store 14 either the electrical energy storage 14, the electric machine 3 or both in a suitable, in particular determined by the control unit and / or set ratio to.
Die elektrische Maschine 3 kann im Alleinbetrieb, also ohne Verwendung der Brennkraftmaschine 2, zum Betrieb des nicht dargestellten Fahrzeugs verwendet werden, wobei sie die hierfür erforderliche elektrische Energie aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 14 bezieht. Ebenfalls kann die Brennkraftmaschine 2 ohne gleichzeitige Verwendung der elektrischen Maschine 3 allein zum Betrieb des nicht dargestellten Fahrzeugs verwendet werden, wobei dann die aus der Wärmeenergie der Verbrennungsabgase gewonnene elektrische Energie dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 14 über das Steuergerät 13 zugeführt wird. Weiter ist es möglich, das nicht dargestellte Fahrzeug unter Verwendung sowohl der Brennkraftmaschine 2 als auch gleichzeitiger Verwendung der elektrischen Maschine 3 zu betreiben, insbesondere um Drehmomentspitzen darzustellen, wie sie beispielsweise im Anfahrbetrieb, bei steiler Bergfahrt oder im Zugbetrieb/Hängerbetrieb auftreten können. Hierzu wird der elektrischen Maschine 3 elektrische Energie aus dem Generator 10 und/oder dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 14 über das Steuergerät 13 zugeführt.The electric machine 3 can be used alone, ie without the use of the internal combustion engine 2, to operate the vehicle, not shown, wherein it receives the required electrical energy from the electrical energy storage 14. Also, the internal combustion engine 2 can be used without simultaneous use of the electric machine 3 solely for the operation of the vehicle, not shown, in which case the electrical energy obtained from the heat energy of the combustion exhaust gases electrical energy storage 14 is supplied via the control unit 13. Further, it is possible to operate the vehicle, not shown, using both the internal combustion engine 2 and the simultaneous use of the electric machine 3, in particular to represent torque peaks, as they may occur, for example, in the start-up operation, on steep ascent or in train operation / trailer operation. For this purpose, the electrical machine 3 is supplied with electrical energy from the generator 10 and / or the electrical energy store 14 via the control unit 13.
Selbstverständlich sind hinsichtlich des elektrischen Energiespeichers 14 und des Steuergeräts 13 auch Ausführungsformen möglich, die sowohl den elektrischen Energiespeicher 14 wie auch das Steuergerät 13 in einem Modul, also einer einzigen Baueinheit, umfassen. Of course, with regard to the electrical energy storage device 14 and the control device 13, embodiments are also possible that include both the electrical energy storage 14 and the control device 13 in a module, that is to say a single structural unit.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Hybridantrieb (1 ) für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, mit mindestens einer Brennkraftmaschine (2) und mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine (3), wobei die Brennkraftmaschine (2) eine1. hybrid drive (1) for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, with at least one internal combustion engine (2) and at least one electric machine (3), wherein the internal combustion engine (2) has a
Abgasanlage aufweist, deren Wärmeenergie, oder ein Teil davon, einem Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf (6) zur Dampferzeugung zugeführt wird, wobei der Dampf eine Expansionsmaschine (7) antreibt, die einen elektrischen Generator (10) antreibt, dessen erzeugte elektrische Energie einem elektrischen Energiespeicher (14) und/oder der elektrischen Maschine (3) zugeführt wird.Exhaust system whose heat energy, or a part thereof, a steam / fluid circuit (6) is supplied to generate steam, wherein the steam drives an expansion machine (7) which drives an electric generator (10) whose electrical energy generated an electrical energy storage (14) and / or the electric machine (3) is supplied.
2. Hybridantrieb nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Maschine (3) elektrische Energie aus dem elektrischen Energiespeicher (14) erhält.2. Hybrid drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric machine (3) receives electrical energy from the electrical energy store (14).
3. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf (6) ein Kühler (8) angeordnet ist.3. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the steam / fluid circuit (6), a radiator (8) is arranged.
4. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrische Maschine (3) direkt oder über ein (insbesondere regelbares) Koppelgetriebe mit einer Abtriebswelle des Fahrzeugs gekoppelt ist.4. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electric machine (3) is coupled directly or via a (in particular controllable) coupling gear with an output shaft of the vehicle.
5. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf (6) ein Kompressor (9) angeordnet ist.5. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the steam / fluid circuit (6), a compressor (9) is arranged.
6. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein Steuergerät (13), das den elektrischen Energiefluss vom elektrischen Generator (10) zum elektrischen Energiespeicher (14) und/oder zur elektrischen Maschine (3) steuert/regelt. 6. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a control unit (13) which controls the electrical energy flow from the electric generator (10) to the electrical energy storage device (14) and / or to the electric machine (3).
7. Hybridantrieb nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuergerät (13) Energie des elektrischen Energieflusses mindestens einem elektrischen Nebenaggregat der Brennkraftmaschine (2) zuführt.7. Hybrid drive according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (13) energy of the electrical energy flow at least one electrical accessory of the internal combustion engine (2) supplies.
8. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Hybridantriebs für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeug, wobei der Hybridantrieb mit mindestens einer Brennkraftmaschine und mindestens einer elektrischen Maschine ausgerüstet ist, und thermische Energie, oder ein Teil davon, des Abgases der Brennkraftmaschine einem Dampf-/Fluidkreislauf zur8. A method for operating a hybrid drive for a vehicle, in particular motor vehicle, wherein the hybrid drive is equipped with at least one internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine, and thermal energy, or a part thereof, of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine to a steam / fluid circuit
Dampferzeugung zugeführt wird, wobei mit dem Dampf eine Expansionsmaschine angetrieben wird, die einen elektrischen Generator antreibt, dessen erzeugte elektrische Energie einem elektrischen Energiespeicher und/oder der elektrischen Maschine zugeführt wird. Steam generation is supplied, wherein the steam is driven by an expansion machine which drives an electric generator whose electrical energy is supplied to an electrical energy storage and / or the electric machine.
PCT/EP2008/056486 2007-06-11 2008-05-27 Hybrid drive with exhaust gas recovery, and method for the same WO2008151929A1 (en)

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CN110203080A (en) * 2019-05-29 2019-09-06 莫海路 A kind of multiphase can increase journey energy-storage system and with its vehicle and can source base station

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CN110203080B (en) * 2019-05-29 2022-09-20 莫海路 Multiphase range-extending energy storage system, vehicle with same and energy base station

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