WO2008151877A1 - Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker - Google Patents
Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008151877A1 WO2008151877A1 PCT/EP2008/055134 EP2008055134W WO2008151877A1 WO 2008151877 A1 WO2008151877 A1 WO 2008151877A1 EP 2008055134 W EP2008055134 W EP 2008055134W WO 2008151877 A1 WO2008151877 A1 WO 2008151877A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- calciner
- exhaust gases
- plant
- raw meal
- combustion air
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/36—Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
- C04B7/43—Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
- C04B7/47—Cooling ; Waste heat management
- C04B7/475—Cooling ; Waste heat management using the waste heat, e.g. of the cooled clinker, in an other way than by simple heat exchange in the cement production line, e.g. for generating steam
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/2016—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge
- F27B7/2041—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of at least two strings of cyclones with two different admissions of raw material
- F27B7/2058—Arrangements of preheating devices for the charge consisting of at least two strings of cyclones with two different admissions of raw material with precalcining means on each string
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2290/00—Organisational aspects of production methods, equipment or plants
- C04B2290/20—Integrated combined plants or devices, e.g. combined foundry and concrete plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
- Y02P40/121—Energy efficiency measures, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker by which method cement raw meal is calcined in a calciner subject to simultaneous supply of fuel and combustion air and subsequently burned into cement clinker in a kiln, and where some of the heat contained in the exhaust gases from the calciner is utilized to generate electricity by means of a boiler section.
- the invention also relates to a plant for carrying out the method.
- GB-2098305-A and EP-896958-A1 are plants utilizing exhaust gases from the kiln system of the cement manufacturing plant to generate electricity.
- the electricity is typically generated in a steam turbine, with the evaporation of water or other working medium for same occurring in one or several boiler sections.
- a boiler section is installed between the first and second stage in a cyclone preheater tower where the temperature of the gases is at least 500° C
- EP-896958-A1 it is proposed that some of the hot exhaust gases having a temperature within the range of 700 and 900° C from a bottom stage cyclone are diverted in relation to the preheater tower and utilized to generate electricity.
- this is achieved by a method of the kind mentioned in the introduction and being characterized in that the combustion air as well as the cement raw meal supplied to the calciner does not contain alkali or chloride, and in that the temperature of the exhaust gases used to generate electricity is at least 500 Q C.
- the plant for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a calciner for calcination of cement raw meal subject to simultaneous supply of fuel and combustion air and a boiler section used to produce steam for generating electricity by means of some of the heat contained in the exhaust gases from the calciner, and being characterized in that the combustion air as well as the cement raw meal being supplied to the calciner does not contain alkali and chloride and in that the temperature of the exhaust gases utilized to generate electricity is at least 500° C.
- the combustion air which is supplied to the calciner may be atmospheric air which may be heated in a heat generator. However, as combustion air in the calciner it is preferred to use process gases from the cement manufacturing plant itself, preferably from the clinker cooler.
- raw meal which contains such contaminants and which has been preheated to a level of maximum 500° C may advantageously be introduced directly into a process gas having a high temperature of at least 800° C and containing calcium oxide dust (CaO) and a surplus of oxygen.
- SO 2 gaseous sulphur dioxide
- CO carbon monoxide
- VOC volatile organic compounds
- cement raw meal which contains contaminants in the form of sulphide and organic carbon are introduced directly into the calciner where the aforementioned conditions are present.
- such fuels may also advantageously be fired directly in the calciner where the appropriate conditions in the form of a substantial oxygen surplus to ensure complete burnout of such fuels are present.
- the exhaust gases which are discharged from the calciner will typically have a temperature of at least 850° C.
- the plant may be formed with one or several cyclone stages for preheating cement raw meal, preferentially cement raw meal which does not contain any appreciable amounts of contaminants in the form of sulphide and organic carbon prior to being introduced into the calciner. In this way, the temperature of the exhaust gases may be adjusted in optimum manner for the subsequent heat exchange process in the boiler section.
- the cement manufacturing plant may further comprise a conventional cyclone preheater which is fed with the alkali- and chloride-laden exhaust gases from the kiln of the plant.
- the working medium of the boiler section may advantageously be preheated through heat exchange with the exhaust gases in the cyclone preheater at a location where the inlet temperature does not exceed 500° C.
- the working medium of the boiler section may also be preheated through heat exchange with the excess air from the clinker cooler.
- a cement manufacturing plant which comprises two preheater strings 1 and 2, each of which comprises a calciner 3 and 4, respectively, each equipped with a separation cyclone 3a and 4a, respectively, a rotary kiln 5 and a clinker cooler 6.
- the preheater string 1 is designed as a traditional multi-stage cyclone preheater and in the shown embodiment it comprises three cyclone stages, but may also comprise fewer as well as additional cyclone stages.
- the preheater string 1 functions in the traditional manner, with cement raw meal being introduced via an inlet 7 into the inlet duct for the uppermost cyclone stage of the cyclone preheater, being heated, calcined and burned into clinker when routed through, as a first step, the preheater 1 , the calciner 3 and then the rotary kiln 5 in counter-flow with hot exhaust gases which are formed at, respectively, a burner 8 in the rotary kiln 5 and a burner 9 in the calciner 3, and combustion air which is introduced into the calciner 3 via a duct 10, and being drawn through the preheater string 1 by means of a not shown fan.
- the burned clinker is subsequently cooled in the clinker cooler 6 by means of cooling air as indicated by the arrow 1 1.
- the preheater string 2 is made up of the calciner 4 with separation cyclone 4a and a single cyclone stage, but it may be constructed without any cyclone stages or with more cyclone stages.
- cement raw meal is introduced via an inlet 12, possibly containing higher concentrations of volatile components in the form of sulphide and organic carbon, directly into the calciner 4, in which it is heated to a calcination temperature of approximately 890° C subject to simultaneous supply of fuel via one or several burners 13 and combustion air via a duct 14.
- the calcined raw meal is separated from the exhaust gases in the separation cyclone 4a and directed to the rotary kiln 5 in which it is burned into clinker together with the raw meal from the preheater string 1 , whereas the exhaust gases are diverted via an exhaust gas duct 15.
- the exhaust gases leaving the calciner 4 via the duct 15 have a temperature of at least 850° C and may possibly be used for preheating raw meal which is introduced via an inlet 16 into the duct 15, thereby lowering the temperature of the exhaust gases, and again separated from the exhaust gases in a subsequent cyclone 17.
- the exhaust gases from the calciner 4 are routed directly or via one or several cyclone stages 17 to a boiler section 18 in which, through heat exchange, the gases are used for superheating a working medium which is subsequently used to generate electricity or other mechanical work in known manner.
- the combustion air which is supplied to the calciner 4 must not contain any alkali nor chloride in order to avoid formation of coatings on the boiler tubes in the subsequent boiler section resulting from the condensation of alkali and chloride vapours, and, at the same time, the temperature of the exhaust gases utilized to generate electricity must be at least 500° C, thereby increasing the efficiency with which the thermal energy of the exhaust gases is converted into electrical energy in the boiler section.
- hot cooling air from the clinker cooler 6 may be appropriately used since it does not contain alkali or chloride.
- the combustion air may be atmospheric air which may be heated in a heat generator.
- Cooling air from the clinker cooler has a high oxygen content and a high temperature, making it particularly suitable for use as combustion air to ensure complete burnout of low-grade fuels and of any contaminants of organic carbon in the raw materials which are introduced into the calciner 4, thereby avoiding emissions of SO 2 , CO and VOC.
- the working medium of the boiler section may advantageously be heated in a heat exchanger 19 through heat exchange with the exhaust gases from the cyclone preheater 1 before it is superheated in the boiler section 18. If this is the case, the temperature of the exhaust gases from the cyclone preheater 1 to the heat exchanger 19 should not exceed 500° C in order to ensure that the entire content of chloride and alkali is effectively condensed before reaching the heat exchanger 19.
- the working medium of the boiler section may also be preheated through heat exchange with surplus air from the clinker cooler 6.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (12)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BRPI0812496-5A BRPI0812496A2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker; and power plant for method execution. |
UAA200913778A UA101324C2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant for simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
EP08736604A EP2153154A1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
US12/664,070 US20100180803A1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and Plant for the Simultaneous Production of Electricity and Cement Clinker |
KR1020097025862A KR101168487B1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
CA002687038A CA2687038A1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
MX2009011564A MX2009011564A (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker. |
RU2010100340/02A RU2471133C2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant to manufacture cement clinker with simultaneous generation of power |
CN2008800198481A CN101765752B (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
TNP2009000375A TN2009000375A1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2009-09-11 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
EG2009121806A EG25525A (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2009-12-09 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
MA32496A MA31513B1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2010-01-07 | Method and system of simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA200700839 | 2007-06-12 | ||
DKPA200700839 | 2007-06-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008151877A1 true WO2008151877A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
Family
ID=39643116
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2008/055134 WO2008151877A1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-04-28 | Method and plant for the simultaneous production of electricity and cement clinker |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100180803A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2153154A1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101168487B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101765752B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0812496A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2687038A1 (en) |
EG (1) | EG25525A (en) |
MA (1) | MA31513B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009011564A (en) |
MY (1) | MY152567A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2471133C2 (en) |
TN (1) | TN2009000375A1 (en) |
UA (1) | UA101324C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008151877A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200906780B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014019849A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | Lafarge | Process and installation for production of clinker and electricity, and process for modification of a production installation of clinker |
KR101747464B1 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2017-06-14 | 미츠비시 마테리알 가부시키가이샤 | Mixing/calcining furnace |
IT202100019547A1 (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-22 | Milano Politecnico | Assembly to reduce CO2 emissions in clinker production plants |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT502255A1 (en) * | 2005-08-11 | 2007-02-15 | Holcim Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPONENTS FROM EXHAUST GASES FROM A CEMENT LINK SYSTEM |
BRPI0911387A2 (en) * | 2008-06-06 | 2015-12-29 | Smidth As F L | method for cement manufacturing |
DE102012020300B4 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2016-05-12 | Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh | Process for utilizing the waste heat of a plant for the production of cement and plant for the production of cement |
EP3029004A1 (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-08 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Oxy-calcination process |
DE102015117960A1 (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-04-27 | Heinz Tischmacher | Plant for the production of CO2-rich gas |
WO2019116350A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2019-06-20 | Flsmidth A/S | Cement raw meal separator apparatus and method of using same |
CN108059369B (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2023-04-07 | 沈阳鑫博工业技术股份有限公司 | Preparation device and method of lime for producing aluminum oxide |
US11566842B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2023-01-31 | Flsmidth A/S | Emission abatement apparatus for processing of particulates and method of using same |
RU2690553C1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-06-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет" | Thermal unit for combined production of cement clinker, sulfur dioxide, heat and electric power |
EP4126328B1 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2023-11-08 | Flsmidth A/S | Reactor and method for conversion of a carbonaceous material |
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GB2098305A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-17 | Italcementi Spa | Utilising heat of discharge gases in cement plant |
EP0143395A1 (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-05 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft | Process and installation for burning fine-grained material for the production of cement clinker |
US5216884A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-06-08 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Method and apparatus for producing burnt material and for generating electrical energy |
EP0896958A1 (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-02-17 | E. Schwenk Zementwerke KG | Process and apparatus for combined production of cement clinker and electric current |
CH689830A5 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 1999-12-15 | Zappa Luzius | Integrated process for simultaneous production of cement clinker and electricity |
WO2000064832A1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-11-02 | Vinod Chintamani Malshe | A plant and a process for manufacturing cement and electricity simultaneously |
WO2001072656A1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd | Method of increasing the clinker output of an existing cement plant and of producing steam |
WO2005026070A1 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2005-03-24 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd | Method of producing cement clinker and electricity |
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US3110751A (en) * | 1961-08-15 | 1963-11-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Process for the reduction of the alkali content in cement clinker |
US3110483A (en) * | 1961-08-15 | 1963-11-12 | Allis Chalmers Mfg Co | Method of and apparatus for removing alkali from cement system |
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DE3244241A1 (en) * | 1982-11-30 | 1984-05-30 | Krupp Polysius Ag, 4720 Beckum | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CEMENT FROM RAW MATERIAL WITH SULFUR |
US4716027A (en) * | 1986-07-25 | 1987-12-29 | Passamaquoddy Tribe, A Sovereign Indian Tribe Recognized By The Government Of The United States Of America | Method for simultaneously scrubbing cement kiln exhaust gas and producing useful by-products therefrom |
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-
2008
- 2008-04-28 MY MYPI20094246 patent/MY152567A/en unknown
- 2008-04-28 BR BRPI0812496-5A patent/BRPI0812496A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-04-28 MX MX2009011564A patent/MX2009011564A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2008-04-28 US US12/664,070 patent/US20100180803A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-04-28 RU RU2010100340/02A patent/RU2471133C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-04-28 UA UAA200913778A patent/UA101324C2/en unknown
- 2008-04-28 WO PCT/EP2008/055134 patent/WO2008151877A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-04-28 CA CA002687038A patent/CA2687038A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-04-28 KR KR1020097025862A patent/KR101168487B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-04-28 CN CN2008800198481A patent/CN101765752B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-04-28 EP EP08736604A patent/EP2153154A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-09-11 TN TNP2009000375A patent/TN2009000375A1/en unknown
- 2009-09-29 ZA ZA200906780A patent/ZA200906780B/en unknown
- 2009-12-09 EG EG2009121806A patent/EG25525A/en active
-
2010
- 2010-01-07 MA MA32496A patent/MA31513B1/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
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GB2098305A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1982-11-17 | Italcementi Spa | Utilising heat of discharge gases in cement plant |
EP0143395A1 (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1985-06-05 | Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz Aktiengesellschaft | Process and installation for burning fine-grained material for the production of cement clinker |
US5216884A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-06-08 | Krupp Polysius Ag | Method and apparatus for producing burnt material and for generating electrical energy |
EP0896958A1 (en) * | 1997-08-11 | 1999-02-17 | E. Schwenk Zementwerke KG | Process and apparatus for combined production of cement clinker and electric current |
CH689830A5 (en) * | 1998-09-02 | 1999-12-15 | Zappa Luzius | Integrated process for simultaneous production of cement clinker and electricity |
WO2000064832A1 (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-11-02 | Vinod Chintamani Malshe | A plant and a process for manufacturing cement and electricity simultaneously |
WO2001072656A1 (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2001-10-04 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd | Method of increasing the clinker output of an existing cement plant and of producing steam |
WO2005026070A1 (en) * | 2001-02-12 | 2005-03-24 | Alstom (Switzerland) Ltd | Method of producing cement clinker and electricity |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101747464B1 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2017-06-14 | 미츠비시 마테리알 가부시키가이샤 | Mixing/calcining furnace |
WO2014019849A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-06 | Lafarge | Process and installation for production of clinker and electricity, and process for modification of a production installation of clinker |
FR2994176A1 (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-07 | Lafarge Sa | METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCTION OF CLINKER AND ELECTRICITY, AND METHOD FOR MODIFICATION OF A CLINKER PRODUCTION FACILITY |
US9187369B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 | 2015-11-17 | Lafarge | Process and installation for production of clinker and electricity, and process for modification of a production installation of clinker |
IT202100019547A1 (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-22 | Milano Politecnico | Assembly to reduce CO2 emissions in clinker production plants |
WO2023002430A1 (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2023-01-26 | Politecnico Di Milano | Assembly for reducing co2 emission in plants for clinker production |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2153154A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 |
MA31513B1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
RU2010100340A (en) | 2011-07-20 |
BRPI0812496A2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
MX2009011564A (en) | 2009-11-10 |
TN2009000375A1 (en) | 2010-12-31 |
CA2687038A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
US20100180803A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
KR20100007986A (en) | 2010-01-22 |
ZA200906780B (en) | 2010-06-30 |
CN101765752B (en) | 2012-12-05 |
KR101168487B1 (en) | 2012-07-26 |
EG25525A (en) | 2012-02-01 |
CN101765752A (en) | 2010-06-30 |
UA101324C2 (en) | 2013-03-25 |
RU2471133C2 (en) | 2012-12-27 |
MY152567A (en) | 2014-10-31 |
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