WO2008148268A1 - An implementation method and system for a media-on-demand frame-spanning playing mode in a peer-to-peer network - Google Patents

An implementation method and system for a media-on-demand frame-spanning playing mode in a peer-to-peer network Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008148268A1
WO2008148268A1 PCT/CN2007/003744 CN2007003744W WO2008148268A1 WO 2008148268 A1 WO2008148268 A1 WO 2008148268A1 CN 2007003744 W CN2007003744 W CN 2007003744W WO 2008148268 A1 WO2008148268 A1 WO 2008148268A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
media
frame
block
key frame
file
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2007/003744
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hongliang Tian
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Priority to US12/663,511 priority Critical patent/US8776150B2/en
Publication of WO2008148268A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008148268A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00Television systems
    • H04N7/16Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H04N7/17309Transmission or handling of upstream communications
    • H04N7/17318Direct or substantially direct transmission and handling of requests
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/632Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing using a connection between clients on a wide area network, e.g. setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet for retrieving video segments from the hard-disk of other client devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/65Transmission of management data between client and server
    • H04N21/658Transmission by the client directed to the server
    • H04N21/6587Control parameters, e.g. trick play commands, viewpoint selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8455Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments involving pointers to the content, e.g. pointers to the I-frames of the video stream
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8456Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a peer-to-peer network (P2P) technology field and a media on-demand method and system in the field of broadband streaming media, and in particular, to a method and system for implementing a P2P media on-demand cross-frame playback mode.
  • P2P peer-to-peer network
  • the P2P streaming media network system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the system consists of a primary node and multiple child nodes. Among them, each network node has equal status, and the two nodes can serve as servers and clients.
  • the P2P streaming media master node is configured as an information management server of other child nodes for managing user information and program resource information of the system, that is, storing media files, performing media resource retrieval (positioning), and maintaining system node resources. Information, and can exchange resource information with other primary nodes (not shown).
  • the master node and the other two child nodes 1, 2 can provide the program service, and both serve as the source node to respond to the play request of the node 3, and block the program file. Processed into a packet sent to node 3.
  • the node 3 filters and sorts the received program data packets, and synthesizes the program stream and plays it in real time according to the block.
  • VCR fast-forward, fast-rewind and drag-like video playback
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for implementing a P2P media on-demand cross-frame playback mode, so as to enable a client user to conveniently implement various playback modes when watching a media program (fast forward, rewind, pause, and drag).
  • the function of the operation is to provide a method for implementing a P2P media on-demand cross-frame playback mode, so as to enable a client user to conveniently implement various playback modes when watching a media program (fast forward, rewind, pause, and drag).
  • the present invention provides a method for implementing a peer-to-peer network media on-demand cross-frame playing manner, including the steps of: (a) processing the on-demand media file into a media content file, and recording the block number of each media key frame to form a frame index file;
  • the client calculates the block number of the next key frame according to the frame index file, and obtains the corresponding media block for decapsulation, decoding, and playback.
  • the frame index file further includes a frame number of each media key frame.
  • the step (d) includes:
  • step (d) includes:
  • step (d) compares the time corresponding to the drag point with the time stamp of the index item in the frame index file, and obtains the timestamp closest to the corresponding time.
  • the block number corresponding to the frame, and the media data is sequentially obtained from the block number to be decoded and played.
  • the block is composed of media frames arranged in time stamp order, and the insufficient portion is filled with padding fields;
  • the block header describes the media block data content in the block, and the block header includes the following fields: Media Content Identification Cid, Block Number Bno, Time Stamp Time, Number of Frames in the Block Fcnt, Optional Frame Description Item Fitem.
  • the method of the present invention wherein the media content file is a video file, and the media key frame is an I frame.
  • the invention also provides an implementation system for peer-to-peer network media on-demand cross-frame play mode, which has a source node device and a target node device:
  • the source node device is configured to process the on-demand media file into a media content file, and record the block number of each media key frame to form a frame index file, and then the media content file and the The frame index file is published to the peer-to-peer network;
  • the target node device when used to order media, obtains the frame from the source node device And a media block in the media content file; when the cross-frame playback is required, the block number used to calculate the next key frame according to the frame index file is obtained, and the media block is decapsulated, decoded, and Play.
  • the source node device includes a source node storage unit and a source node communication unit
  • the target node device includes a target node storage unit, a target node communication unit, a block processing unit, and a decoding playback unit, where:
  • the streaming media file stored in the source node storage unit includes a media block file and a frame index file
  • the source node communication unit is configured to send a streaming media file stored in the source node storage unit to the target node when receiving a media on demand command sent by the target node;
  • the target node communication unit stores the received streaming media file in the target node storage unit
  • the block processing unit is configured to retrieve the frame index file from the target node storage unit when the user needs to operate the media content across frames, and obtain the media block number of the next media frame from the frame index file, and The media block number in the target node storage unit begins to decapsulate and is sent to the decoding play unit;
  • the decoding and playing unit decodes and plays the decapsulated data.
  • the system of the present invention wherein
  • the frame index file in the source node storage unit also records the number of each media key frame
  • the block processing unit acquires the media block number of the next media frame in the following manner:
  • the media key frame interval is fixed, and the current frame number is i, then according to fast forward or fast
  • the decoding and playing unit takes data from the media block number to perform decoding and playing.
  • the system of the present invention wherein
  • the frame index file in the source node storage unit also records the number and time stamp of each media key frame
  • the block processing unit acquires the media block number of the next media frame in the following manner:
  • the decoding and playing unit takes data from the media block number to perform decoding and playing.
  • the system of the present invention wherein
  • the frame index file in the source node storage unit also records the number and time stamp of each media key frame
  • the block processing unit acquires the media block number in which the next media frame is located in the following manner: when the user selects drag and play, the block number processing module according to the time corresponding to the drag point and the index item in the frame index file a timestamp comparison, obtaining a media block number corresponding to a frame of a timestamp closest to the corresponding time;
  • the decoding and playing unit takes data from the media block number to perform decoding and playing.
  • the method and system for implementing the P2P media on-demand cross-frame playing mode proposed by the invention enrich and improve the operation function of the P2P video on demand client user to the cross-frame playing mode of the media program.
  • the method and system provided by the present invention are very suitable for the characteristics of P2P multi-source transmission; and the method and system can adapt to multiple media coding formats and fixed-length, non-fixed-length key frame intervals, and thus the application range More extensive.
  • 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a P2P streaming media network system of the prior art
  • 1 is a structural block diagram of a system for implementing P2P media on-demand cross-frame playback according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a package format of a media block in a media content file according to an embodiment of the method and system of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a format recorded in an I frame index file according to an embodiment of the method and system of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a P2P according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the streaming media network system transmits and splices the playback diagram according to the block multi-source.
  • the invention provides a method and a system for implementing a P2P media on-demand cross-frame play mode, and records a block number and a time stamp of each media key frame while forming a block index file, and forms a frame index file;
  • the complete frame index file is first obtained as a premise for the user to perform program operations such as fast forward, fast reverse, drag play, and pause.
  • the user acquires the media block by block to perform decoding and playback, when the pause is required, the media block can be paused only; when fast forward or fast reverse playback is required, the next key frame is obtained according to the fast forward magnification interval, that is, according to the frame.
  • the index file calculates the block number of the required key frame, and then obtains the media block according to the block number, and takes out the key frame from the block to decode and play; when dragging and playing, it can be determined according to the time stamp of the drag point The most recent key frame number, and then the media block number is determined, and the media data is obtained from the numbered block for decoding and playback, and the drag and play operation is completed.
  • the P2P network media on-demand is used by the user to perform different playback operations on video programs (which may include audio frames).
  • 2 is a system provided by a user for a video program cross-frame playback operation when a P2P network media on-demand is implemented, and includes one or more source node devices 100 (only one is shown) and a target node device 200.
  • the source node device 100 is configured to process the on-demand media file into a media content file, and record the block number of each media key frame to form a frame index file, and then the media content file and the The frame index file is published to the peer-to-peer network; the target node device 200, when used to order the media, obtains the frame index file and the media block in the media content file from the source node device 100; When playing across frames, use The block number of the next key frame is calculated according to the frame index file, and the corresponding media block is obtained for decapsulation, decoding, and playing.
  • the source node device 100 includes a storage unit 101 and a communication unit 102.
  • the target node device 200 includes a storage unit 201, a communication unit 202, a block processing unit 203, and a decoding playback unit 204.
  • the communication unit 102 of the source node receives the command for ordering a certain video program from the target node device 200, the video block file and the I frame index file pre-packaged by the P2P network system are taken out from the storage unit 101.
  • the communication unit 202 of the target node stores the received streaming media file in the storage unit 201.
  • the block processing unit 203 includes a decapsulation module 2031 and a block number processing module 2032.
  • the block number processing module 2032 is connected to the storage unit 201 to take out the frame index file, and obtain the number of the block of the next media frame to be played from the frame index file according to the play mode selected by the user to the decapsulation module.
  • the decapsulation module obtains the media block decapsulation from the block number from the target information storage unit, and then sends it to the decoding playback unit for decoding and playing.
  • the method for implementing the cross-frame play mode first performs block-packaging pre-processing on the media file, and the package format is as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the video frames in the media file are mixed in chronological order, and then the frames are placed in order into fixed-size block containers that form a media content file.
  • Each media block is composed of a block header and a block body, the block body is composed of video frames arranged in time stamp order, and the insufficient portion is filled with padding fields;
  • the block header describes the storage of the video frames in the block, that is, the storage of the media block. content.
  • the block header contains the following paragraphs:
  • Cid an identifier of the media content
  • Time a timestamp whose value gives the sampling time of the first byte of the block data
  • Fcnt ( Frame Count ) : The number of frames stored in the block
  • Fitem ( Frame Item ) : ⁇ description item;
  • Ftype frame type, such as video key frame, video normal frame, audio frame, etc.
  • Fsize frame length
  • FP Full Pointer
  • the block number and time stamp of each video key frame are recorded.
  • Form an I frame index file As shown in FIG. 4, the file is composed of a series of I frame index items, and each index item includes the following fields:
  • I frame number If it is a sequence number, it can be reflected by the position of the index item in the file (such as the number of lines), which can be omitted at this time;
  • Timestamp indicates the playback time of the I frame
  • Block number The sequence number of the media block.
  • the processed media content file and the I frame index file are published to the P2P network, and the client (such as the child node 3 in FIG. 1) can be from multiple source nodes (such as the primary node and the child nodes 1 and 2 in FIG. 1).
  • the client such as the child node 3 in FIG. 1
  • the client can be from multiple source nodes (such as the primary node and the child nodes 1 and 2 in FIG. 1).
  • block 2, block 3, and block 1 are obtained by the client user from the source node 2, the source node 3, and the source node 1, respectively, and then sequentially adjusted and spliced by the received media block, by block 1, block The order of 2 and block 3 is played. This demonstrates the convenience of multi-source transmission in a P2P environment.
  • the user When the user clicks on the media, the user first obtains the complete I frame index file, and obtains the media block for decoding and playback according to the block.
  • the user needs to pause, pause the acquisition of the media block; when the fast forward or fast reverse operation is required, the next I frame number needs to be calculated and the I frame index file is checked to obtain the block number, and the corresponding block is obtained.
  • fast forward or fast rewind can be achieved by playing a fixed I frame per second; set the current I frame number to i, fast forward or fast reverse step (frame number) to P (P with fast forward or fast)
  • the block number corresponding to the I frame of the timestamp closest to the corresponding time is obtained, and then the order is started from the block number.
  • the media block is obtained for decapsulation, decoding, and playback, and the drag and play operation can be realized.
  • the flow of the method for implementing the P2P network media on-demand cross-frame play mode includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 The user orders a media content, that is, the client (also referred to as a target node) requests the system to play a video program;
  • the client also referred to as a target node
  • Step 2 The source node that can provide the program service in the system sends the program content to the client, including an I frame index file and a media block included in the program content;
  • Step 3 The client obtains the I frame index file, and performs order adjustment and splicing on the received media blocks.
  • Step 4 During playback, according to the operation, it is processed as follows:
  • each media block is obtained in order and decoded and played.
  • fast forward or fast rewind can be achieved by playing a fixed I frame per second.
  • P fast forward multiple (or fast reverse multiple) / (1 frame interval X fixed playback I frame number per second)
  • the fast forward, the next kth playback I frame number is (i + [kP])
  • the I frame number of the next k-th play after rewinding is (i - [kP])
  • [] represents the rounding operation;
  • the I frame to be played next is determined according to the timestamp in the index entry of the I frame index file. No.; set the current I frame number to i, the timestamp is t ( i ), then the kth I to play next
  • the number is also obtained by checking the I frame index file to obtain the I frame with the timestamp closest to T (ik) as the kth I frame to be played later.
  • the block number corresponding to the I frame with the timestamp closest to the corresponding time is obtained, and then The block number starts by sequentially obtaining the media block for decapsulation, decoding, and playback.
  • the method of the invention realizes the operation of the user to display the image program across frames in the P2P network media on demand. For example, a text and/or a still picture is made into a read-only page (frame) image of an electronic book, the display system displays the text medium in the form of a page turning, and the system supports the user to perform such as fast forward or fast reverse page turning, pause Turn pages and drag pages.
  • frame read-only page
  • the media file is first subjected to block encapsulation preprocessing, and the encapsulation format structure is the same as that in Embodiment 1, as shown in FIG. Among them, the frame description item Fitem in the block header contains the following fields:
  • Ftype frame type, such as image frame, audio frame, etc.
  • Fsize frame length
  • FP Full Pointer
  • a frame index file is formed at the same time as the block encapsulation process, and its structure is still as shown in FIG. 4, except that the I frame is changed into a frame (ie, a page).
  • a user clicks on an e-book content it first needs to obtain its frame index. If it is a normal display, each media block is obtained in order, and the pages (frames) therein are decoded and displayed one by one according to a page turning command or a certain time.
  • the image block can be paused.
  • fast forward or rewind if the page interval is fixed, fast forward or rewind can be achieved by playing fixed pages per second.
  • the block corresponding to the timestamp of the corresponding time is obtained according to the time corresponding to the drag point and the timestamp of the frame index item, and then the image is sequentially obtained from the block.
  • the block can be decapsulated, decoded and displayed.
  • the method and system for realizing the P2P network media on-demand cross-frame playing mode proposed by the invention have the following features:
  • the media file is firstly packaged and processed to form a frame index file, and the frame index file is extracted before being released, and the user is conveniently controlled by the client according to the frame index file to implement media-on-demand user-like manipulation similar to the VCR operation, and this
  • the method is very suitable for the characteristics of P2P multi-source distributed transmission; in addition, the method can adapt to a variety of media encoding formats and fixed-length, non-fixed-length key frame intervals.
  • the operation function of the cross-frame playing mode of the media program of the P2P media on-demand client user is enriched and improved.
  • the method and system provided by the present invention are very suitable for the characteristics of P2P multi-source transmission; and the method and system can adapt to various media coding formats and fixed-length, non-fixed-length key frame intervals, and thus the application range More extensive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)

Description

一种对等网络媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现方法及系统
技术领域
本发明涉及对等网络( Peer To Peer Network, 以下简称 P2P )技术领域 和宽带流媒体领域媒体点播方法及系统,特别涉及一种 P2P媒体点播跨帧播 放方式的实现方法及系统。
背景技术
随着互联网络和宽带接入网络的迅速发展,采用 P2P技术已经能够成功 地在互联网上开展视频点播业务。 P2P流媒体网络系统如图 1所示, 该系统 由主节点和多个子节点组成。 其中, 各网络节点地位平等, 两个节点之间可 以互为服务器和客户端。为保证系统有效工作,设置 P2P流媒体主节点作为 其它子节点的信息管理服务器, 用于管理系统的用户信息和节目资源信息, 即存放媒体文件, 进行媒体资源检索(定位), 维护系统节点资源信息, 并 可与其它主节点交换资源信息(图中未示)。 系统中当子节点 3作为目标节 点点播某个节目, 则主节点和其他 2个子节点 1、 2都能提供这个节目服务, 它们都作为源节点来响应节点 3的播放请求,对节目文件分块处理成数据包 发送给节点 3。 节点 3对接收到的节目数据包进行过滤、 排序, 组合成节目 流后按块实时播放。 但现有的 P2P点播系统一般都不能支持用户实现快进、 快退及拖动等类似于录像机(VCR )的跨帧播放方式以及暂停的操作, 不能 很好地满足用户观看视频各种播放方式的操作需求。 发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种 P2P媒体点播跨帧播放方式的 实现方法,以支持客户端用户在观看媒体节目时能够方便地实现各种播放方 式(快进、 快退、 暂停及拖动)操作的功能。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种对等网络媒体点播跨帧播放方 式的实现方法, 包括步骤: ( a )将点播的媒体文件分块封装处理成一媒体内容文件, 并记录每个 媒体关键帧所在的块编号, 形成一帧索引文件;
( b )将所述媒体内容文件和所述帧索引文件发布到对等网络中;
( C) 点播媒体时, 客户端从源节点取得所述帧索引文件和所述媒体内 容文件中的媒体块;
(d) 需要跨帧播放时, 客户端根据所述帧索引文件计算下一关键帧所 在的块编号, 获取相应媒体块进行解封装、 解码及播放。 本发明所述方法, 其中, 所述帧索引文件还包括每个媒体关键帧的帧编 号。 本发明所述方法, 其中, 当所述跨帧播放为快进或快退播放时, 如果媒 体关键帧间隔固定, 且当前帧编号为 i, 步骤(d) 包括:
( dl )计算快进或快退步长 P =快进倍数 (或快退倍数) / (帧间隔 X每 秒固定播放帧数) ;
( d2 )计算下一个帧编号, 即在快进时计算后续第 k个播放的媒体关键 帧编号为 (i+ 【kP】 ) ; 或者, 在快退时计算后续第 k个播放的媒体关键 帧编号则为 (i- 【kP】 ) , 其中 【】表示取整运算;
( d3 )据所述下一个媒体关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编 号所在块的编号,并从该编号的块取出所述下一个关键帧编号的帧进行解码 播放。 本发明所述方法, 其中, 所述帧索引文件还包括每个媒体关键帧的时间 戳;
当所述跨帧播放为快进或快退播放时, 如果媒体关键帧间隔不固定, 且 当前帧编号为 i, 步骤(d) 包括:
(dl)据所述 i计算后续播放的下一关键帧的理想时间戳; 即快进时后 续播放第 k个关键帧的理想时间戳为 T (i + k) =t (i) +k 快进倍速 /每秒 固定播放的帧数; 快退时后续播放第 k个关键帧的理想时间戳 T (i-k) =t (i) _kx快退倍速 /每秒固定播放的帧数; ( d2 )查帧索引文件, 找到一个时间戳最接近所述理想时间戳的关键帧 编号作为后续播放的下一关键帧编号; 即快进时找到时间戳最接近 T ( i + k ) 的关键帧编号; 或者, 快退时找到时间戳最接近 T ( i - k ) 的关键帧编号;
( d3 )据所述下一个关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编号所 在的块编号, 并从该编号的块取出所述下一个关键帧编号的帧进行解码播 放。 本发明所述方法, 其中, 所述帧索引文件还包括每个媒体关键帧的时间 戳;
当所述跨帧播放为拖动播放时, 步骤(d )根据拖动点对应的时间与所 述帧索引文件中的索引项之时间戳对比,取得与所述对应的时间最接近的时 间戳的帧所对应的块编号,并从该块编号开始顺序取得媒体数据进行解码播 放。 本发明所述方法, 其中, 所述媒体内容文件含有一或多个媒体块, 每一 媒体块由块头和块体组成; 所述媒体内容文件的分块封装格式为:
所述块体是由按时间戳顺序排列的媒体帧组成,不足部分用填充字段填 满;
所述块头描述本块中的媒体块数据内容, 所述块头包含以下字段: 媒体 内容标识 Cid, 块编号 Bno, 时间戳 Time, 块内帧数量 Fcnt, 可选的帧描述 项 Fitem。 本发明所述方法, 其中, 所述媒体内容文件为视频文件, 所述媒体关键 帧为 I帧。 本发明还提供一种对等网络媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现系统,具有源 节点设备和目标节点设备:
所述源节点设备,用于将点播的媒体文件分块封装处理成一媒体内容文 件, 并记录每个媒体关键帧所在的块编号, 形成一帧索引文件, 然后将所述 媒体内容文件和所述帧索引文件发布到对等网络中;
所述目标节点设备, 用于点播媒体时, 从所述源节点设备取得所述帧索 引文件和所述媒体内容文件中的媒体块; 当需要跨帧播放时, 用于根据所述 帧索引文件计算下一关键帧所在的块编号,获^ 目应媒体块进行解封装、解 码及播放。 本发明所述系统, 其中, 所述源节点设备含有源节点存储单元和源节点 通讯单元; 所述目标节点设备含有目标节点存储单元、 目标节点通讯单元、 块处理单元及解码播放单元, 其中:
所述源节点存储单元内存储的所述流媒体文件包括媒体块文件和帧索 引文件;
所述源节点通讯单元用于在接收到所述目标节点发送的媒体点播命令 时将存储在所述源节点存储单元内的流媒体文件发送给所述目标节点;
所述目标节点通讯单元将接收到的所述流媒体文件存储在所述目标节 点存储单元中;
所述块处理单元用于在用户需要对媒体内容跨帧操作时从所述目标节 点存储单元取出所述帧索引文件,由该帧索引文件获取下一媒体帧所在的媒 体块编号, 并从所述目标节点存储单元中该媒体块编号开始解封装,发送到 所述解码播放单元;
所述解码播放单元将该解封装后的数据解码及播放。 本发明所述系统, 其中,
所述源节点存储单元中的所述帧索引文件还记录了每个媒体关键帧的 编号;
所述块处理单元按以下方式获取下一媒体帧所在的媒体块编号: 当用户 选择快进或快退播放方式时如果媒体关键帧间隔固定, 且当前帧编号为 i, 则根据快进或快退步长 P计算下一个关键帧编号,即快进时所述下一个关键 帧编号 =i + 【kP】, 快退时所述下一个关键帧编号=卜 【kP】, 其中 【】表 示取整运算;根据该下一个关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编号 所在块的编号;
所述解码播放单元从所述媒体块编号开始取数据进行解码及播放。 本发明所述系统, 其中,
所述源节点存储单元中的所述帧索引文件还记录了每个媒体关键帧的 编号和时间戳;
所述块处理单元按以下方式获取下一媒体帧所在的媒体块编号: 当用户 选择快进或快退播放方式时如果媒体关键帧间隔不固定,且当前帧编号为 i, 则计算后续播放的下一关键帧的理想时间戳, 即快进时所述理想时间戳 T(i + k) =t (i) +kx快进倍速 /每秒固定播放的帧数; 快退时所述理想时间戳 T(i-k)=t(i) -kx快进倍速 /每秒固定播放的帧数; 然后查帧索引文件, 找到一个时间戳最接近所述理想时间戳的关键帧编号作为后续播放的下一 关键帧编号,并据所述下一个关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编 号所在的块编号;
所述解码播放单元从所述媒体块编号开始取数据进行解码及播放。 本发明所述系统, 其中,
所述源节点存储单元中的所述帧索引文件还记录了每个媒体关键帧的 编号和时间戳;
所述块处理单元按以下方式获取下一媒体帧所在的媒体块编号: 当用户 选择拖动播放时,所述块编号处理模块根据拖动点对应的时间与所述帧索引 文件中的索引项之时间戳对比,取得与所述对应的时间最接近的时间戳的帧 所对应的媒体块编号;
所述解码播放单元从所述媒体块编号开始取数据进行解码及播放。
本发明提出的 P2P媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现方法及系统,丰富和提 高 P2P视频点播的客户端用户对媒体节目的跨帧播放方式的操作功能。 另 夕卜,本发明提供的方法及系统非常适应 P2P多源^ t传输的特点; 且由于该 方法及系统能够适应多种媒体编码格式和定长、非定长的关键帧间隔, 因而 应用范围较为广泛。 附图概述
图 1为现有技术的 P2P流媒体网络系统结构示意图; 图 1为本发明实施例的 P2P媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现系统结构框 图;
图 3为本发明方法和系统实施例的媒体内容文件中媒体块的封装格式; 图 4为本发明方法和系统实施例的 I帧索引文件中记录的格式; 图 5为本发明实施例的 P2P流媒体网络系统按块多源传输并拼接播放示 意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
本发明提供的一种 P2P媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现方法及系统,在对 媒体文件进行分块封装处理的同时记录每个媒体关键帧所在的块编号和时 间戳, 形成帧索引文件; 用户点播该媒体节目时, 首先取得完整的帧索引文 件,以此作为用户进行诸如快进、快退、拖动播放及暂停等节目操作的前提。 当用户按块获取媒体块进行解码播放过程中, 需要暂停时, 只需暂停获取媒 体块即可;需要进行快进或快退播放时,根据快进倍率间隔取得下一关键帧, 即根据帧索引文件计算得到需要的关键帧所在的块编号,然后根据该块编号 取得媒体块, 并从块中取出关键帧解码播放即可; 当需拖动播放时, 可根据 拖动点的时间戳确定最近的关键帧编号, 进而确定媒体块编号, 并从此编号 的块开始取得媒体数据进行解码播放, 完成拖动播放操作。
下面结合实施例和附图详细阐述本发明的技术方案。
实施例 1:
用本发明方法实现 P2P网络媒体点播时用户对视频节目(可以包括音频 帧)不同播放操作。 图 2为本发明为实现 P2P网络媒体点播时用户对视频节 目跨帧播放操作而提供的系统, 包括一或多个源节点设备 100 (图中只示出 一个)和目标节点设备 200。 所述源节点设备 100, 用于将点播的媒体文件 分块封装处理成一媒体内容文件, 并记录每个媒体关键帧所在的块编号, 形 成一帧索引文件,然后将所述媒体内容文件和所述帧索引文件发布到对等网 络中; 所述目标节点设备 200, 用于点播媒体时, 从所述源节点设备 100取 得所述帧索引文件和所述媒体内容文件中的媒体块; 当需要跨帧播放时, 用 于根据所述帧索引文件计算下一关键帧所在的块编号,获取相应媒体块进行 解封装、解码及播放。源节点设备 100里含有存储单元 101和通讯单元 102; 目标节点设备 200里含有存储单元 201、 通讯单元 202、 块处理单元 203及 解码播放单元 204。 当源节点的通讯单元 102接收到目标节点设备 200发出 的点播某一视频节目的命令时,会从存储单元 101中取出由 P2P网络系统预 先分块封装好的视频块文件和 I帧索引文件, 发送给目标节点; 目标节点的 通讯单元 202将接收到的流媒体文件存储在存储单元 201 中。 块处理单元 203含有解封模块 2031和块编号处理模块 2032。其中,块编号处理模块 2032 与存储单元 201连接, 以取出帧索引文件, 并根据用户选择的播放方式从该 帧索引文件中获取下一要播放的媒体帧所在块的编号给解封模块,该解封模 块从目标信息存储单元中从该块编号开始取得媒体块解封装,然后发送给解 码播放单元进行解码播放。
本发明提供的跨帧播放方式的实现方法首先对媒体文件进行分块封装 预处理,封装格式如图 3所示。将媒体文件中的视频帧按照时间顺序混合排 列, 然后把这些帧按顺序放入固定大小的块容器,这些块形成一个媒体内容 文件。每一个媒体块由块头和块体组成, 块体是由按时间戳顺序排列的视频 帧组成, 不足部分用填充字段填满; 块头描述本块中的视频帧的存放情况, 即媒体块存储的内容。 块头包含以下 段:
Cid ( Content identification ):所述媒体内容的标识;
Bno ( Block Number ) : 块编号;
Time: 时间戳, 其值给出了分块数据第一字节的采样时间;
Fcnt ( Frame Count ) : 块所存放的帧数量;
Fitem ( Frame Item ) : †贞描述项;
其中, 每个帧描述项包含以下字段:
Ftype: 帧类型, 如视频关键帧, 视频普通帧, 音频帧等;
Fsize: 帧长度;
FP ( Frame Pointer ) : 帧指针, 表示帧在块内存放的开始地址。
同时,在上述处理过程中 ,记录每个视频关键帧所在的块编号和时间戳, 形成一个 I帧索引文件。 如图 4所示, 该文件由一系列 I帧索引项构成, 每 个索引项包括以下字段:
I帧编号: 如果是顺序编号, 则可由索引项在文件中的位置 (如所在行 数)体现, 此时可省略;
时间戳: 表示该 I帧的播放时间;
块编号: 即媒体块的顺序号。
然后把经过处理的媒体内容文件和 I帧索引文件发布到 P2P网络中,客 户端(如图 1中子节点 3 )用户可以从多个源节点(如图 1中主节点和子节 点 1、 2 )分别取得媒体块, 如图 5所示。 图 5中, 块 2、 块 3、 块 1是客户 端用户分别从源节点 2、 源节点 3和源节点 1取得, 然后经其对接收的媒体 块进行次序调整和拼接, 按块 1、 块 2和块 3的次序进行播放。 由此体现出 P2P环境下多源传输的方便性。
用户在点播媒体时, 首先取得完整的 I帧索引文件, 并按块取得媒体块 进行解码播放。 当用户需要暂停时, 暂停获取媒体块即可实现; 当需要进行 快进或快退操作时, 需要计算下一 I帧编号并据此查 I帧索引文件求得块编 号, 并取得相应块进行解封装、 解码播放即可。 根据 I帧间隔是否固定, 求 取下一 I帧编号的方式有所不同:
如果 I帧间隔固定, 则快进或快退可通过每秒播放固定个 I帧实现; 设 当前 I帧编号为 i,快进或快退步长(帧数)为 P ( P与快进或快退倍数有关, 即 P =快进倍数(或快退倍数) /(1帧间隔 X每秒固定播放 I帧数), 则快进时 后续第 k个播放的 I帧编号为 (i + 【kP】 ) , 快退时后续第 k个播放的 I 帧编号则为 (i - 【kP】 ) , 其中 【】表示取整运算。
如果 I帧间隔不固定,则快 9进或快退时每秒播放的 I帧数仍然也固定, 这时需要根据 I帧索引文件的索引项中的时间戳来确定后续播放的 I帧号; 设当前 I帧编号为 i, 时间戳为 t ( i ) , 则后续需要播放的第 k个 I帧的理想 时间戳为 t ( i ) + k x快进倍速 /每秒固定播放的 I帧数, 记该理想时间戳值 为 T ( i + k ) , 查 I帧索引, 找到一个在时间戳上最接近 T ( i + k )的 I帧作 为后续第 k个播放的 I帧; 快退时后续需要播放的第 k个 I帧的理想时间戳 值 T ( i - k ) = t ( i ) - k x快退倍速 /每秒固定播放的 I帧数, 同样通过查 I 帧索引文件取得时间戳最接近 T ( i - k ) 的 I帧作为需要后续播放的第 k个 I帧。
拖动播放时, 可根据拖动点对应的时间与 I帧索引项的时间戳对比, 取 得与所述对应的时间最接近的时间戳的 I帧对应的块编号, 然后从该块编号 开始顺序取得媒体块进行解封装、 解码和播放, 即可实现拖动播放操作。
本实施例 P2P 网络媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现方法的流程包括以下 步骤:
步骤一, 用户点播一个媒体内容, 即客户端(也可称为目标节点)向系 统提出播放视频节目请求;
步骤二, 系统中能提供该节目服务的源节点向该客户端发送节目内容, 包括 I帧索引文件和该节目内容包含的媒体块;
步骤三, 该客户端取得该 I帧索引文件, 并对接收的媒体块进行次序调 整和拼接;
步骤四, 播放时根据操作的不同, 按以下列方式处理:
A. 如果是正常播放, 则按序取得每个媒体块, 并对其解码播放即可。
B. 用户需要暂停时, 暂停获取媒体块即可实现。
C. 如果是快进或快退播放,需要计算下一 I帧编号并据此查 I帧索引文 件求得块编号, 并取得相应块进行解封装、 解码播放即可。 分为以下两种情 况:
第一种, 如果 I帧间隔固定, 则快进或快退可通过每秒播放固定个 I帧 实现, 设当前 I帧编号为 i, 快进或快退步长(帧数)为 P ( P与快进或快退 倍数有关,即 P =快进倍数(或快退倍数 )/(1帧间隔 X每秒固定播放 I帧数)), 则快进时后续第 k个播放的 I帧编号为(i + 【kP】 ), 快退时后续第 k下个 播放的 I帧编号则为 (i - 【kP】 ) , 其中 【】表示取整运算;
第二种, 如果 I帧间隔不固定, 则快进快退时每秒播放的 I帧数仍然也 固定, 这时需要根据 I帧索引文件的索引项中的时间戳来确定后续播放的 I 帧号; 设当前 I帧编号为 i, 时间戳为 t ( i ) , 则后续需要播放的第 k个 I 帧的理想时间戳为 T(i + k)=t(i) +kx快进倍速 /每秒固定播放的 I帧数, 查 I帧索引, 找到一个时间戳最接近 T (i + k) 的 I帧作为后续需要播放的 第 k个 I帧; 快退时后续第 k个 I帧的理想时间戳值 T (i-k) =t (i) -k χ快退倍速 /每秒固定播放的 I帧数, 同样通过查 I帧索引文件取得时间戳最 接近 T (i-k) 的 I帧作为后续需要播放的第 k个 I帧。
D. 如果是拖动播放时, 可根据拖动点对应的时间与 I帧索引项的时间 戳对比, 取得与所述对应的时间最接近的时间戳的 I帧所对应的块编号, 然 后从该块编号开始顺序取得媒体块进行解封装、 解码和播放即可。
实施例 2:
用本发明方法实现 P2P 网络媒体点播时用户对图像节目跨帧显示方式 的操作。 譬如, 将文字和 /或静态图片制作成电子书籍的只读页 (帧) 图像, 显示系统以翻页的形式显示该文字媒体,且该系统支持用户进行诸如快进或 快退翻页、 暂停翻页及拖动翻页的操作。
同样,首先对媒体文件进行分块封装预处理,封装格式结构同实施例 1, 如图 3所示。 其中, 块头里的帧描述项 Fitem包含以下字段:
Ftype: 帧类型, 如图像帧, 音频帧等;
Fsize: 帧长度;
FP (Frame Pointer) : 帧指针, 表示帧在块内存放的开始地址。
在分块封装处理的同时形成一个帧索引文件, 其结构仍如图 4所示, 只 是把其中的 I帧改成帧 (即页) 即可。 用户点播一本电子书内容, 先要取得其帧索引。 如果是正常显示, 则按 序取得每个媒体块, 并按翻页命令或按一定时间对其中的页(帧)一一解码 显示即可。 用户需要暂停翻页时, 暂停获取图像块即可。 用户需要快进或快 退翻页时, 设页间隔固定, 则快进或快退可通过每秒播放固定页实现, 设当 前页编号为 j, 快进或快退步长(帧数) 为 Q (Q与快进或快退倍数有关, 即 Q =快进倍数(或快退倍数 ) /(页间隔 X每秒固定播放页数)), 则快进时 后续第 m个播放的下页编号为 (j+ 【mQ】 ) , 快退时后续第 m下个播放 的页编号则为 (i - 【mQ】 ) , 其中 【】表示取整运算; 然后再根据这个页 号查帧索引文件求得块编号, 并取得相应块的相应页进行解封装、解码显示 即可。 拖动翻页时, 可根据拖动点对应的时间与帧索引项的时间戳对比, 取 得与该对应的时间最接近的时间戳的页所对应的块编号,然后从该块开始顺 序取得图像块进行解封装、 解码和显示即可。
本实施例 P2P 网络媒体点播图 ^^帧显示方式的实现方法的流程步骤 类似于实施例 1。
本发明提出的 P2P网络媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现方法及系统,有以 下特点:
对媒体文件先进行分块封装处理并形成帧索引文件,发布前先提取帧索 引文件,并完全由客户端根据帧索引文件计算而方便地实现媒体点播的类似 于 VCR操作的用户操控, 且这种方式非常适应 P2P多源分散传输的特点; 另外, 该方法能够适应多种媒体编码格式和定长、 非定长的关键帧间隔。
当然, 本发明还可有其他多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的 情况下, 熟悉本领域的技术人员当可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变 形, 但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。
工业实用性
采用本发明所述方法和系统,丰富和提高 P2P媒体点播的客户端用户对 媒体节目的跨帧播放方式的操作功能。 另夕卜, 本发明提供的方法及系统非常 适应 P2P多源^ t传输的特点;且由于该方法及系统能够适应多种媒体编码 格式和定长、 非定长的关键帧间隔, 因而应用范围较为广泛。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种对等网络媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现方法, 包括步骤:
)将点播的媒体文件分块封装处理成一媒体内容文件, 并记录每个 媒体关键帧所在的块编号, 形成一帧索引文件;
( b )将所述媒体内容文件和所述帧索引文件发布到对等网络中;
( c )点播媒体时, 客户端从源节点取得所述帧索引文件和所述媒体内 容文件中的媒体块;
( d )需要跨帧播放时, 客户端根据所述帧索引文件计算下一关键帧所 在的块编号, 获 ^目应媒体块进行解封装、 解码及播放。 2、 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述帧索引文件还包括 每个媒体关键帧的帧编号。
3、 按照权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 当所述跨帧播放为快进 或快退播放时, 如果媒体关键帧间隔固定, 且当前帧编号为 i, 步骤(d ) 包 括:
( dl )计算快进或快退步长 P =快进倍数(或快退倍数) / (帧间隔 X每 秒固定播放帧数) ;
( d2 )计算下一个帧编号, 即在快进时计算后续第 k个播放的媒体关键 帧编号为 (i + 【kP】 ) ; 或者, 在快退时计算后续第 k个播放的媒体关键 帧编号则为 (i - 【kP】 ) , 其中 【】表示取整运算;
( d3 )据所述下一个媒体关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编 号所在块的编号,并从该编号的块取出所述下一个关鍵帧编号的帧进行解码 播放。
4、 按照权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述帧索引文件还包括 每个媒体关键帧的时间戳;
当所述跨帧播放为快进或快退播放时, 如果媒体关键帧间隔不固定, 且 当前帧编号为 i, 步骤 ) 包括: ( dl )据所述 i计算后续播放的下一关鍵帧的理想时间戳; 即快进时后 续播放第 k个关键帧的理想时间戳为 T (i + k) =t (i) +kx快进倍速 /每秒 固定播放的帧数; 快退时后续播放第 k个关键帧的理想时间戳 T(i-k) =t (i) -kx快退倍速 /每秒固定播放的帧数;
(d2)查帧索引文件, 找到一个时间戳最接近所述理想时间戳的关键帧 编号作为后续播放的下一关键帧编号; 即快进时找到时间戳最接近 T(i + k) 的关键帧编号; 或者, 快退时找到时间戳最接近 T (i-k) 的关键帧编号;
3 )据所述下一个关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编号所 在的块编号, 并从该编号的块取出所述下一个关键帧编号的帧进行解码播 放。
5、 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述帧索引文件还包括 每个媒体关键帧的时间戳;
当所述跨帧播放为拖动播放时, 步骤(d)根据拖动点对应的时间与所 述帧索引文件中的索引项之时间戳对比,取得与所述对应的时间最接近的时 间戳的帧所对应的块编号,并从该块编号开始顺序取得媒体数据进行解码播 放。
6、 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述媒体内容文件含有 一或多个媒体块,每一媒体块由块头和块体组成; 所述媒体内容文件的分块 封装格式为:
所述块体是由按时间戳顺序排列的媒体帧组成,不足部分用填充字段填 满;
所述块头描述本块中的媒体块数据内容, 所述块头包含以下字段: 媒体 内容标识 Cid, 块编号 Bno, 时间戳 Time, 块内帧数量 Fcnt, 可选的帧描述 项 Fitem。
7、 按照权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述媒体内容文件为视 频文件, 所述媒体关键帧为 I帧。
8、 一种对等网络媒体点播跨帧播放方式的实现系统, 具有源节点设备 和目标节点设备, 其特征在于:
所述源节点设备,用于将点播的媒体文件分块封装处理成一媒体内容文 件, 并记录每个媒体关键帧所在的块编号, 形成一帧索引文件, 然后将所述 媒体内容文件和所述帧索引文件发布到对等网络中;
所述目标节点设备, 用于点播媒体时, 从所述源节点设备取得所述帧索 引文件和所述媒体内容文件中的媒体块; 当需要跨帧播放时, 用于根据所述 帧索引文件计算下一关键帧所在的块编号,获取相应媒体块进行解封装、解 码及播放。
9、 按照权利要求 8所述的系统, 其特征在于, 所述源节点设备含有源 节点存储单元和源节点通讯单元; 所述目标节点设备含有目标节点存储单 元、 目标节点通讯单元、 块处理单元及解码播放单元, 其中:
所述源节点存储单元内存储的所述流媒体文件包括媒体块文件和帧索 引文件;
所述源节点通讯单元用于在接收到所述目标节点发送的媒体点播命令 时将存储在所述源节点存储单元内的流媒体文件发送给所述目标节点; 所述目标节点通讯单元将接收到的所述流媒体文件存储在所述目标节 点存储单元中; 点存储单元取出所述帧索引文件,由该帧索引文件获取;一媒体帧所在的媒 体块编号, 并从所述目标节点存储单元中该媒体块编号开始解封装,发送到 所述解码播放单元;
所述解码播放单元将该解封装后的数据解码及播放。
10、 按照权利要求 9所述的系统, 其特征在于,
所述源节点存储单元中的所述帧索引文件还记录了每个媒体关键帧的 编号;
所述块处理单元按以下方式获取下一媒体帧所在的媒体块编号: 当用户 选择快进或快退播放方式时如果媒体关键帧间隔固定, 且当前帧编号为 i, 则根据快进或快退步长 P计算下一个关键帧编号,即快进时所述下一个关键 帧编号 =i+ 【kP】, 快退时所述下一个关键帧编号=卜 【kP】, 其中 【】表 示取整运算;根据该下一个关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编号 所在块的编号;
所述解码播放单元从所述媒体块编号开始取数据进行解码及播放。
11、 按照权利要求 9所述的系统, 其特征在于,
所述源节点存储单元中的所述帧索引文件还记录了每个媒体关键帧的 编号和时间戳; 所述块处理单元按以下方式获取下一媒体帧所在的媒体块编号: 当用户 选择快进或快退播放方式时如果媒体关键帧间隔不固定,且当前帧编号为 i, 则计算后续播放的下一关键帧的理想时间戳, 即快进时所述理想时间戳 T(i + k) =t (i) +kx快进倍速 /每秒固定播放的帧数; 快退时所述理想时间戳 T (i-k) =t (i) -kx快进倍速 /每秒固定播放的帧数; 然后查帧索引文件, 找到一个时间戳最接近所述理想时间戳的关键帧编号作为后续播放的下一 关键帧编号,并据所述下一个关键帧编号查所述帧索引文件求得该关键帧编 号所在的块编号;
所述解码播放单元从所述媒体块编号开始取数据进行解码及播放。
12、 按照权利要求 9所述的系统, 其特征在于,
所述源节点存储单元中的所述帧索引文件还记录了每个媒体关键帧的 编号和时间戳;
所述块处理单元按以下方式获取下一媒体帧所在的媒体块编号: 当用户 选择拖动播放时,所述块编号处理模块根据拖动点对应的时间与所述帧索引 文件中的索引项之时间戳对比,取得与所述对应的时间最接近的时间戳的帧 所对应的媒体块编号;
所述解码播放单元从所述媒体块编号开始取数据进行解码及播放。
PCT/CN2007/003744 2007-06-07 2007-12-24 An implementation method and system for a media-on-demand frame-spanning playing mode in a peer-to-peer network Ceased WO2008148268A1 (en)

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