WO2008135761A1 - Fermeture pour un récipient - Google Patents

Fermeture pour un récipient Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008135761A1
WO2008135761A1 PCT/GB2008/001567 GB2008001567W WO2008135761A1 WO 2008135761 A1 WO2008135761 A1 WO 2008135761A1 GB 2008001567 W GB2008001567 W GB 2008001567W WO 2008135761 A1 WO2008135761 A1 WO 2008135761A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
collar
cap
closure
container
tamper
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/001567
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Anthony Henry Joseph Fraser
John Hein
Original Assignee
Meadwestvaco Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meadwestvaco Corporation filed Critical Meadwestvaco Corporation
Priority to US12/598,865 priority Critical patent/US20100187233A1/en
Priority to EP08737174A priority patent/EP2150469A1/fr
Publication of WO2008135761A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008135761A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/08Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation engaging a threaded ring clamped on the external periphery of the neck or wall
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2401/00Tamper-indicating means
    • B65D2401/15Tearable part of the closure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a closure for a container, and more particularly relates to closures for beverage containers.
  • Such containers may be used for the storage and supply of carbonated and other sparkling drinks, but are also suitable for use with other types of drinks or other materials.
  • Closures that have a separate ring or collar carrying a screw thread for securing a cap to the container are known from United States Patent Nos. 3,603,472 and 4,576,296, International Patent Application WO 84/01763, and European Patent Application EP 0517676, for example.
  • the applicants have also proposed containers with cap-on-collar closures as described, for example, in WO2006/000774, WO2007/091068 and in WO2008/012539 the disclosures of which are incorporated herein.
  • the present invention seeks to provide tamper-evident features for such cap-on-collar closures.
  • a closure for a container comprising a cap and a collar by means of which the cap can be secured to the container, the collar comprising a ring and being moveable between a contracted configuration and an expanded configuration such that parts thereof are radially moveable between inner and outer positions, the cap and collar having mutually engageable parts providing for rotatable engagement between the cap and collar between a first position in which the collar is in the expanded configuration so the closure can be fitted to and removed from the container and a second position in which the collar is in the contracted configuration so said radially moveable parts are held in engagement with the container whereby the closure is secured to the container, the closure having a tamper evident feature which in a first state permits rotation between the cap and collar to allow the cap to be rotated in a tightening direction relative to the collar from the first position to the second position and which can be put into a second state when the cap is in the second position, whereby rotation of the cap in a loosening direction relative to the collar requires irreversible
  • Such tamper-evident components can be provided on cap-on-collar closures in which the collar comprises a ring with a break in it or in which the collar comprises a ring and a plurality of radially moveable components provided at spaced apart positions around said ring.
  • references to directions herein, e.g. "vertically”, are to be understood to relate to a container standing in an upright position (with the opening uppermost) in a horizontal surface and/or to the orientation of closure when fitted to the container in this position.
  • An advantage of a cap-on-collar closure is that by providing a collar on a container body, to which a cap may be secured in order to close the container, which collar preferably may be removed from the container body, the container body may be free from exterior threads or other securement means for securing the cap thereto.
  • the container body may be free from exterior threads or other securement means for securing the cap thereto.
  • the container body includes one or more retaining parts by which the collar is retained on the container body until removal of the cap causes the collar to be removed or removable from the container body.
  • the retaining part may be a rim or lip of the container body, preferably a radially-outwardly projecting lip.
  • the collar is retained on the container body by being trapped beneath the lip or other retaining part of the container body.
  • the (or each) retaining part could be a recess (e.g. a depression or indentation) in a surface, preferably an exterior surface, of the container body.
  • the container body may be provided with one or more recesses provided around the exterior circumference of the container body.
  • the collar can engage with and/or can be secured to the container body independently of the cap. That is, preferably the collar does not require the action or the presence of the cap in order for the collar to be engaged with and/or secured to the container body.
  • the collar has engagement means for engaging one or more features of the container so as to inhibit or limit rotation of the collar relative to the container when the cap is rotated in the tightening and/or loosening direction.
  • the collar comprises a ring with a break in it whereby the diameter of the collar can be increased and decreased. 8 001567
  • the collar may comprise a plurality of flaps or other radially moveable parts arranged spaced-apart from each other along the circumferential extent thereof, the cap and the collar including cooperating securement means by which the cap may be secured to the collar.
  • the flaps or other parts of the collar are indirectly connected to each other by means of a ring portion of the collar to which the flaps or other parts are directly connected.
  • the ring portion of the collar is the lowermost portion thereof, with the flaps or other parts extending substantially vertically therefrom.
  • the flaps or other radially moveable parts of the collar preferably include radially-inwardly projecting shoulders which preferably engage with an axially facing surface of the lip or other retaining part of the container body to retain the collar thereon.
  • the cap is releasably securable to the container body via the collar, preferably by means of a threaded engagement with the collar. Consequently, the (or each) securement means of the collar and/or the cap preferably is a thread.
  • the threaded engagement may comprise a screw-threaded engagement.
  • the threaded engagement is a bayonet-style engagement.
  • thread as used herein includes (at least in the broadest aspects of the invention) continuous and discontinuous threads, (e.g. continuous and discontinuous screw threads), and bayonet-style threads, for example.
  • Threads used in relation to the invention may, for example, comprise a plurality of segments (each thread segment comprising a said securement means), in which case the thread may be discontinuous (e.g. a discontinuous screw- thread or a bayonet-thread), or it may be substantially continuous because the effect is that of a substantially continuous screw-thread pattern.
  • the use of thread features comprising a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart components reduces the torque required to release the cap. This is of particular importance with a wide mouth container otherwise the torque required to unscrew the closure may be difficult for user to apply by hand.
  • the opening of the container body is preferably a wide-mouth opening.
  • a wide-mouth opening is meant (at least in its broadest sense) an opening of a size suitable for a person to drink from the container in the same manner as from a drinks glass or similar drinking vessel. That is, in its broadest sense, the wide-mouth opening of the container (for embodiments of the invention having a wide-mouth opening) generally renders the container suitable as a drinking vessel from which a beverage supplied in the container may be conveniently drunk (in contrast to conventional narrow-necked bottles and ring-pull cans which generally are not regarded as comfortable drinking vessels).
  • the diameter of the wide-mouth opening of the container will normally need to be at least 40mm, preferably at least 45mm, and more preferably at least 50mm. Additionally, an excessively wide opening is generally difficult for the consumer to drink from, and thus the wide-mouth opening preferably has a diameter no greater than 150mm, more preferably no greater than 100mm, and especially no greater than 80mm. A particularly preferred diameter range for the wide-mouth opening is 50 to 80mm, and examples of particular preferred diameters include 53mm and 63mm.
  • the opening of the container body may be a narrow- mouth opening, e.g. a bottle-type opening.
  • a narrow- mouth opening e.g. a bottle-type opening.
  • Such an opening may have a diameter of less than 40mm, for example.
  • Conventional standard bottle mouth sizes include diameters of 28mm and 38mm, and the opening of the container body of some embodiments of the present invention may have such a diameter.
  • the container body preferably has no thread or thread segments on its exterior. Consequently, the container body preferably is comfortable for a consumer to drink directly from the container body.
  • a wide variety of thread forms for securing the cap to the container body via the collar is possible.
  • at least some embodiments of the invention are intended for the storage and supply of carbonated and other sparkling drinks, for example beers, ciders, sparkling wines (including champagne), other fizzy alcoholic beverages, and non-alcoholic fizzy and sparkling beverages, including sparkling water and carbonated soft drinks.
  • the engagement between the cap and the collar to include provision for gas venting upon partial removal of the cap from the container body, to prevent so-called "missiling" of the cap whereby the cap is violently ejected from the container body as the container is opened, by the gas pressure of the contents of the container.
  • the collar and the cap may include means, preferably engageable elements, to block or restrict removal of the cap from the collar beyond an intermediate position (between fully secured and fully released) when the cap is under an axial pressure in a direction emerging from the container body.
  • the cap, the collar and the container body are constructed and arranged to provide a vent for venting gas from the container body at least when the cap is in an intermediate position (between fully secured and fully released).
  • the removal of the cap from the container body permits the removal of the collar from the container body.
  • the act of removal of the cap from the container body causes the collar to be removed from the container body together with the cap.
  • the tamper-evident feature and/or the collar may include means to prevent the cap from accidentally unscrewing from the collar under the influence of pressurization within the container (e.g. due to a pressurized beverage held in the container).
  • sealing means may be provided to seal the container.
  • Such sealing means may comprise part of the cap and/or the container body and/or the collar and/or a separate component, for example.
  • Preferred sealing means include sealing flanges and/or other sealing members, for example gaskets and the like.
  • Another possible sealing member is a membrane seal, for example comprising a metal foil seal (e.g. formed from aluminium foil), which may optionally be provided with one or more polymer layers on one or both major surfaces thereof.
  • the foil seal may provide an excellent gas barrier, for example.
  • the use of a metal foil seal may enable the formation of a seal by induction heating, e.g. by bonding one or more polymer layers to the container body and/or to the cap.
  • the foil seal or other membrane seal may be provided on the cap and/or the container body and/or the collar and/or separately.
  • the container and its components may be made from any suitable material, including metal and/or glass and/or polymer material.
  • Polymer materials are generally preferred for the cap and the collar, especially polyolefins, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polypropylene.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the container body preferably is formed from glass or polymer material, especially a polyolefin, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • the polymeric components preferably are formed by moulding, especially injection moulding and/or blow moulding.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the components of a closure according to a first embodiment of a closure according to the invention ready to be connected together and then assembled onto a container;
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the closure of Figure 1 illustrating how a tamper-evident feature joins the cap and collar together when the closure is in a tightened position on a container;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the closure of Figures 1-2 illustrating the state of a tamper-evident feature following loosening of the closure;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view showing a cap and collar according to a second embodiment of a closure according to the invention ready to be connected together and then assembled onto a container;
  • Figures 5 and 6 are sectional views from above of the cap and collar of Figure 4 when connected together shown in first and second relative rotational positions, respectively;
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the closure of Figures 4-6 illustrating the state of a tamper-evident feature following loosening of the closure.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view showing a cap and collar according to a third embodiment of a closure according to the invention ready to be connected together and then assembled onto a container;
  • Figures 9 to 11 are perspective views of the closure showing a tamper evident feature prior to tightening of the cap, once tightened and following breakage thereof.
  • Figures 1-4 illustrate a first embodiment of a closure according to the invention.
  • the closure comprises a cap 31 and a collar 32 which are fitted together and then assembled onto a container 33.
  • the cap 31 comprises a top part 31A for covering the mouth of the container 33 and a skirt part 31B depending from the periphery of the first part 31A.
  • the collar 32 comprises a ring portion 32A moveable between a contracted configuration and an expanded configuration so that parts thereof (e.g. an upper surface 32B thereof in particular) are radially moveable between inner and outer positions.
  • the ring comprises a break which permits the diameter of the collar 32 to be enlarged and reduced whereby it can adopt the expanded or contracted configurations.
  • the closure is arranged to be assembled onto a container 33 which comprises an outwardly projecting lip 33A and a stop feature 33B in the form of a recess in the outer surface thereof.
  • the cap 31 and collar 32 have mutually engageable parts (projections 32C on the collar and projections/recesses 42C on the cap - see Figure 6) providing for rotational engagement therebetween between a first position in which the closure can be fitted to and removed from the container (and in which the collar is in the expanded configuration) and a second position in which the closure is secured to the container 33 by engagement of the collar 32 under the lips 33A of the container 33.
  • the collar 32 is also preferably provided with at least one inwardly projecting feature (not shown in this embodiment but shown at 42A in Figure 6) for engaging with one or more stop features (such as the recess 33B shown in figure 1) to limit rotation of the collar 32 relative to the container 33 in the tightening direction and inhibit rotation of the collar 32 relative to the container 33 in the loosening direction.
  • at least one inwardly projecting feature (not shown in this embodiment but shown at 42A in Figure 6) for engaging with one or more stop features (such as the recess 33B shown in figure 1) to limit rotation of the collar 32 relative to the container 33 in the tightening direction and inhibit rotation of the collar 32 relative to the container 33 in the loosening direction.
  • cap-on-collar closures in which the collar comprises a ring portion and a plurality of radially moveable components provided at spaced apart positions around the ring which, when the closure is in the tightened position, are held in engagement with a container in order to secure the closure thereto.
  • radially moveable components may, for instance, comprise flaps extending upwards from said ring portion.
  • the tamper-evident feature of the first embodiment is arranged to be moved between a first state in which is permits relative rotation of the cap 31 and collar 32 and a second state (which it is put into when the cap 31 is in the tightened position) which inhibits rotation of the cap in the loosening direction until the tamper-evident feature is irreversibly deformed so as to permit such rotation.
  • the illustrated tamper-evident feature comprises an arm 34 on the collar 32 which carries an arrow-shaped projection 34A and a slot-shaped aperture 35 in the skirt 31A of the cap for receiving the arrow-shaped projection 34A (see Figure 1).
  • the arm 34 is aligned with the slot 35 and the arrow-shaped projection 34A can be pushed into the slot 35 (see Figure 2) so as to provide a physical connection between the cap 31 and collar 32.
  • the arrow-shaped projection 34A is a snap-fit within the slot 35 so cannot be withdrawn therefrom.
  • the arm 34 is connected to the collar 32 by a weakened portion 34B, such as a perforated hinge, so that when sufficient force is applied to the cap in the loosening direction, the weakened portion 34B breaks so that cap 31 is free to rotate relative to the collar 32.
  • a weakened portion 34B breaks, the portion of the arm 34 remaining connected to the cap 31, drops downwards within the slot 35 so providing a visual indication that the cap 31 has been loosened or otherwise tampered with as shown in Figure 3.
  • the arm 34 may be welded, e.g. by one or more spot welds, to the skirt portion 31A rather than being connected thereto by the arrow-shaped projection 34A.
  • Figures 4-7 illustrate a second embodiment of a closure according to the invention.
  • the closure comprises a cap 41 and a collar 42 which are fitted together and then assembled onto a container 43 in a similar manner to the first embodiment but with a different form of tamper- evident feature.
  • the tamper-evident feature of the second embodiment comprises one or more recesses 45 (four in the illustrated embodiment) in the external surface of a skirt position 41A of the cap so as to provide a thin- walled portion thereof through which a spot-weld can be formed to join the cap 41 to the collar 42 when it is in the tightened position.
  • the outer surface of four of the thread features 42C of the collar 42 are aligned with and in close contact with the inner surface of said thin-walled portions 45 of the skirt 41A when the cap 41 is in the tightened position as shown in Figure 5 so they can be easily connected by means of a spot-weld.
  • the join(s) provided by the spot-welds either have to be overcome or, preferably, weakened portions (e.g. perforations) are provided around the perimeter of said thin-walled portions 45 so that they are torn away from the cap 41 when the cap 41 is loosened.
  • weakened portions e.g. perforations
  • an aperture 45A is formed within the recess of the thin-walled portions 45 so providing a visually apparent indication that the cap has been loosened or otherwise tampered with.
  • FIGs 8-11 show a third embodiment of a closure according to the invention.
  • This comprises a cap-on-collar closure of the type referred to above having a cap 51 and a collar 52, with radially moveable flaps 52D (similar to those described in WO2006/000774 and WO2007/091068) and a tamper evident feature which comprises an arm 54 on the collar 52 which carries a stud 54A and an aperture 55 in the cap 51 (see Figure 1).
  • Figure 1 also shows an inwardly projecting feature 52A on the collar for engaging with a recess 53B in the container body 53 which provide a similar function to the projection 42A and recess 33B described above.
  • the arm 54 projects outwards and the cap 51 is free to rotate relative to the collar 52 (so it can be tightened onto the container body 53).
  • the arm 54 and aperture 55 are aligned with each other so the arm can be pivoted upwards and the stud 54A pressed into the aperture 55 (as shown in Figure 10).
  • the stud 54A has a widened head which snap-fits through the aperture 55 so cannot be withdrawn therefrom.
  • the cap 51 and collar 52 are then secured together and the cap 51 can only be rotated in the loosening direction relative to the collar 52 by rupturing this connection, e.g. by applying sufficient force to cause the stud 54A to break off the arm 54.
  • the arm 54 is then no longer secured to the cap 51 (as shown in Figure 11) so the cap 51 is free to rotate relative to the collar 52.
  • connection between the collar 52 and the arm 54 may comprise a relatively weak connection so that the arm 54 is torn away from the collar 52 when sufficient force is applied to the cap 51 in the loosening direction.
  • the illustrated embodiments comprise a single arm on the collar and a single aperture in the cap. It would also be possible to provide a plurality of arms on the collar and/or a plurality of apertures in the cap. Also, the arm(s) may be provided on the cap and the aperture(s) in the collar.
  • the arm may be connected to the cap by a spot- weld (instead of a snap-fit between a projection and an aperture).
  • the tamper evident features described above provide a visual indication that the cap has been loosened or removed but also enables the end user to re-close the container body by re-applying the closure thereto.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une fermeture comprenant un capuchon (31) et un col (32) permettant au capuchon (31) d'être fixé sur le récipient (33), le col (32) comprenant une bague (32A) et étant mobile entre une configuration contractée et une configuration étendue, de telle sorte que des parties du col (32) soient radialement mobiles entre des positions interne et externe. Le capuchon (31) et le col (32) présentent des parties (32c, 42c) pouvant s'engager mutuellement l'une dans l'autre, prévues pour l'engagement rotatif entre le capuchon (31) et le col (32) entre une première position dans laquelle le col (32) est dans la configuration étendue (la fermeture pouvant ainsi être ajustée sur le récipient (33) et retirée de celui-ci) et une seconde position dans laquelle le col (32) est dans la configuration contractée permettant auxdites parties radialement mobiles d'être maintenues engagées avec le récipient (33) (avec la fermeture fixée au récipient). En outre, la fermeture présente un élément d'inviolabilité (34, 35).
PCT/GB2008/001567 2007-05-04 2008-05-06 Fermeture pour un récipient WO2008135761A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/598,865 US20100187233A1 (en) 2007-05-04 2008-05-06 Closure for a container
EP08737174A EP2150469A1 (fr) 2007-05-04 2008-05-06 Fermeture pour un récipient

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0708626.7A GB0708626D0 (en) 2007-05-04 2007-05-04 Closure for a container
GB0708626.7 2007-05-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008135761A1 true WO2008135761A1 (fr) 2008-11-13

Family

ID=38198722

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2008/001567 WO2008135761A1 (fr) 2007-05-04 2008-05-06 Fermeture pour un récipient

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20100187233A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2150469A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0708626D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008135761A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2482048A (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-18 Threadless Closures Ltd Closure for Threadless Container
GB2513730A (en) * 2013-04-30 2014-11-05 Threadless Closures Ltd A closure for a container

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0602382D0 (en) * 2006-02-07 2006-03-15 Dubois Ltd Packaging article
GB201307767D0 (en) * 2013-04-30 2013-06-12 Threadless Closures Ltd A closure for a container
WO2015103062A1 (fr) * 2013-12-30 2015-07-09 Averill Walter J Fermeture de bouteille
GB202000444D0 (en) 2020-01-13 2020-02-26 Gbuk Group Ltd Tamper evident cap

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1039970A (fr) * 1951-07-19 1953-10-12 Dispositif pour bouchage des récipients à orifices intérieurement et extérieurement lisses
NL6913888A (fr) * 1969-09-11 1971-03-15
US3603472A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-09-07 Continental Can Co Transferable finish ring and container and closure for use therewith
US3904061A (en) * 1973-05-14 1975-09-09 Klm Company Tamper-proof bottle closure
WO2006000774A1 (fr) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-05 Dubois Limited Recipient pour boisson
WO2008012539A1 (fr) 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Dubois Ltd Article d'emballage

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0414068D0 (en) * 2004-06-23 2004-07-28 Dubois Ltd Packaging article

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1039970A (fr) * 1951-07-19 1953-10-12 Dispositif pour bouchage des récipients à orifices intérieurement et extérieurement lisses
US3603472A (en) * 1969-03-05 1971-09-07 Continental Can Co Transferable finish ring and container and closure for use therewith
NL6913888A (fr) * 1969-09-11 1971-03-15
US3904061A (en) * 1973-05-14 1975-09-09 Klm Company Tamper-proof bottle closure
WO2006000774A1 (fr) * 2004-06-23 2006-01-05 Dubois Limited Recipient pour boisson
WO2008012539A1 (fr) 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Dubois Ltd Article d'emballage

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2482048A (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-18 Threadless Closures Ltd Closure for Threadless Container
WO2012007708A1 (fr) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Threadless Closures Ltd Fermeture pour un contenant
WO2012007707A3 (fr) * 2010-07-14 2012-03-08 Threadless Closures Ltd Fermeture destinée à un récipient
GB2513730A (en) * 2013-04-30 2014-11-05 Threadless Closures Ltd A closure for a container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100187233A1 (en) 2010-07-29
EP2150469A1 (fr) 2010-02-10
GB0708626D0 (en) 2007-06-13

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