WO2008129093A1 - System for detecting and discriminating moving objects - Google Patents

System for detecting and discriminating moving objects Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008129093A1
WO2008129093A1 PCT/ES2008/000232 ES2008000232W WO2008129093A1 WO 2008129093 A1 WO2008129093 A1 WO 2008129093A1 ES 2008000232 W ES2008000232 W ES 2008000232W WO 2008129093 A1 WO2008129093 A1 WO 2008129093A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
frequency
devices
subsystem
distinguishable
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PCT/ES2008/000232
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ángel HERRANZ NIEVA
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Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
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Publication of WO2008129093A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008129093A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/27—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass with central registration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C1/00—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people
    • G07C1/22—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people in connection with sports or games
    • G07C1/24—Race time-recorders
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C1/00—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people
    • G07C1/22—Registering, indicating or recording the time of events or elapsed time, e.g. time-recorders for work people in connection with sports or games
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence

Definitions

  • the detection and identification of moving objects is normally resolved by the introduction of a device in each of the objects that can be detected or identified and of devices capable of controlling a certain area of space.
  • the devices carried by each object emitters
  • the devices that control areas of the space have the ability to receive and decode said signals to decide on the appearance of a certain object in said space.
  • the complexity of the solutions depends mainly on two factors: «The means of transport of the signal.
  • the means of transport of the signal is usually light (electromagnetic signals) and each solution can use different bands (visible light, infrared, radiofrequency, etc.).
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • the problem that the present invention intends to solve is that of how to encode the emitter signal so that the identification of several objects is reliable and simple.
  • the present invention consists of a system for detecting, identifying and controlling moving objects.
  • Each moving object M (ie ⁇ 1, 2,. -., E ⁇ ) carries an emitter that is capable of emitting a periodic signal f, which we will describe as a mathematical function whose form is repeated exactly after, a period or cycle T ,, fulfilling the following mathematical equation:
  • each periodic signal f is differentiable one by one by at least one of the parameters that define it and that a sampling carried out at a sufficient frequency of the signal, product of the sum of the signals of several emitters, allows to decide on the existence or not "of a certain signal in the mentioned sum.
  • the transmitter e can produce a distinguishable signal by its form f, between 0 and T 1 (amplitude at each point), by its period T, (inverse of the frequency) or by both parameters at the same time.
  • the signal emitted by all transmitters can be a pulse train distinguishable by its frequency or by the duration of the pulse or by combinations of both.
  • Figure 1 shows three signals in the form of a distinguishable pulse train Ia (A) and Ia (B) by the frequency and Ia (B) and Ia (C) by the duration of the pulse next to the sum (A) and (B) in (D) and (B) and (C) in (E).
  • the generator of the signal of the emitting device can be an electronic circuit based on passive elements RCL (resistors, capacitors and coils), in a quartz crystal or in an oscillating microcircuit or in any other electronic configuration.
  • the means to transmit the signal may be sound or light (electromagnetic signals in general), the latter being infrared, radiofrequency, low frequency, high frequency, very high frequency (UHF), microwave, etc.
  • the system of patent also contains a number of receiving devices r (je ⁇ 1, 2,..., R ⁇ ), located at points in space capable of receiving signals from different transmitters, sampling it and decide s' Obre Ia even simultaneous appearance of each of the signals of the emitters and none other in an area of the space controlled by said Feceptor device, add information of instants of time of passage of each object and offer said information in a format readable by the human being or by an automatic information processing system.
  • r je ⁇ 1, 2,..., R ⁇
  • the receiving device comprises a subsystem for reading the signal, a sampling subsystem of the read signal and an information processing subsystem capable of processing the sampled information. All subsystems can be placed in the same device or in different devices, communicated through a communication link, being this wireless or via a cable.
  • the reading subsystem transforms the signal received from the transmitters into information compatible with the sampling subsystem.
  • the sampling subsystem takes samples of the read signal with a certain rate and transforms them into information compatible with the processing subsystem.
  • the processing subsystem is responsible for applying signal processing techniques to decide on the appearance or not of the signals emitted by the emitters.
  • the sampling of the read signal must be carried out with precision and at a frequency that allows the reconstruction of any sum of the emitter signals e :. If not, then not all issuer configurations will be distinguishable and this will determine the number of different emitters that can be distinguished and therefore The number of different objects that may be discriminated against.
  • the limits of the operation of the invention have their origin in the following factors:
  • the information processing subsystem may be specific to the type of signal emitted by the transmitters or it may be a general purpose computing unit.
  • the detection and discrimination procedures will consist in the digital processing of the signal with a signal processing program capable of distributing the signals transmitted by the devices and that at each moment were in the detection zone,
  • sampling subsystem and the processing subsystem can together be a purpose-generated computing unit.
  • computing unit can be shared by several receiving devices,
  • the emitting devices can emit the signal continuously so that the detection zone of a receiver is determined by the scope of the signal or they can emit only when they are in a certain spatial region so that the detection zone of a receiver is determined by the scope of the signal and by the knowledge that the emitting device can only be in said space region.
  • Figure 1 shows several signals in the form of a pulse train distinguishable by their frequency, (A) and (B), by the duration of the pulse, (B) and (C) or by their frequency and by the duration of the pulse, ( A) and (C) as well as the sum of the signals (A) and (B) and (B) and (C),
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of the circuit electronic of the emitting device that transmits the signal with infrared light.
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the reading subsystem of the receiving device with infrared light photosensors.
  • Figure 4 represents the signal produced by an emitting device.
  • Figure 5 represents the signal produced by a receiver under the influence of the signal in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 represents the virtual cones in which an arc with five photosensors would be able to detect the light signal of a transmitter.
  • the present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope. It is a timing system for radio control cars. There is a receiving device composed of an arc, similar to a bridge and under which the cars will circulate, which is located in the target area (above the starting line) and by a personal computer. There are emitting devices that are placed in the car models.
  • the arc reading subsystem is composed of several electronic circuits, according to figure 3, with infrared light photosensors capable of capturing the light emitted from the emitters. Physically, the orientation of said photosensors is down so that when a car that carries one of the emitters (facing up) passes under it, it reads its signal.
  • Figure 6 shows the control zones of each of the electronic boards that are part of the reading subsystem.
  • the transmitter generates a train of light pulses by turning on and off an infrared light diode.
  • the circuit of Figure 3 transforms the light signal into an electrical signal such as that shown in Figure 5, with which it is fed by a cable.
  • the sampling and processing subsystem has been carried out with a personal computer and a computer program that continuously monitors the parallel port at regular intervals obtaining samples with a sufficient number of samples to detect and discriminate, using known signal processing algorithms based on the Fourier Transform optimized for square wave signals, which or what were the original frequencies and therefore discover which automodels passed through the detection zone at a certain moment.
  • the transmitter is powered directly by the car's batteries.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is obvious: it is not necessary for the car to have to charge with another set of batteries to power the transmitter while maintaining 1 practically its original weight.
  • the disadvantage is that in this case the emitter circuitry becomes somewhat more complex since it is necessary to stabilize the voltage, since the emission frequency depends, in this example of embodiment, on that, which forces the software to work with a certain uncertainty. on the exact frequency of the transmitter.
  • the power supply of the receivers is carried out, in the example presented, directly with the data pins of the parallel port, which again saves extra batteries to power the receivers in the detection arc.
  • the emitter signal One of the main restrictions of the emitter signal is that the upper part of the cycle is as narrow as possible to avoid as far as possible that the rising edges are masked by the high signal of other emitters.
  • the best option for a pulse train signal is that the time, TE during which the infrared LED of the transmitter remains on is the minimum to activate the photodiode of the receiver.
  • the receiver will be obliged to keep the active signal for at least twice the period of the frequency of port sampling. If we assume that the sampling frequency must be at least 200KHz, then the high part of the signal delivered to the port must be at least 10 microseconds, and an efficient configuration of the emitter signals would be the use of frequencies between 2000 and 4000 hertz Industrial application

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for detecting and discriminating moving objects, comprising: a group of devices which can transmit a periodic signal and which can be distinguished from one another by at least one of the defining parameters thereof (frequency, amplitude, etc.); and a group of devices which can receive the sum of one or more of the aforementioned signals, make a decision relating to the appearance of each of the signals independently of the other signals, add the information concerning the moment of detection and provide said information in a format that can be read by a person or by an automatic processing system.

Description

Título Title
Sistema para Ia detección y discriminación de objetos en movimiento.System for the detection and discrimination of moving objects.
Sector de Ia técnicaTechnical sector
Sistemas de detección, identificación y control de objetos.Object detection, identification and control systems.
Estado de Ia técnicaState of the art
La detección e identificación de objetos en movimiento se resuelve normalmente mediante Ia introducción de un dispositivo en cada uno de los objetos susceptibles de ser detectados o identificados y de dispositivos capaces de controlar una determinada zona del espacio. Los dispositivos portados por cada objeto (emisores) emiten una señal que codifica, mediante un protocolo estándar, un valor que identifica al objeto.The detection and identification of moving objects is normally resolved by the introduction of a device in each of the objects that can be detected or identified and of devices capable of controlling a certain area of space. The devices carried by each object (emitters) emit a signal that encodes, by means of a standard protocol, a value that identifies the object.
Los dispositivos que controlan- zonas del espacio (receptores) disponen de Ia capacidad de recibir y decodificar dichas señales para decidir sobre Ia aparición de un determinado objeto en el mencionado espacfo.The devices that control areas of the space (receivers) have the ability to receive and decode said signals to decide on the appearance of a certain object in said space.
La complejidad de las soluciones depende, principalmente, de dos factores: « El medio de transporte de Ia señal. El medio de transporte de Ia señal es habitualmente luz (señales electromagnéticas) y cada solución puede utilizar diferentes bandas (luz visible, infrarrojos, radiofrecuencia, etc.).The complexity of the solutions depends mainly on two factors: «The means of transport of the signal. The means of transport of the signal is usually light (electromagnetic signals) and each solution can use different bands (visible light, infrared, radiofrequency, etc.).
«- La codificación de Ia identidad de cada objeto en Ia señal transmitida. La codificación de Ia señal es relativamente compleja y se siguen sistemas de codificación estándares en Ia industria.«- The coding of the identity of each object in the transmitted signal. The coding of the signal is relatively complex and standard coding systems are followed in the industry.
La tecnología aparentemente más versátil para Ia identificación es RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). En RFID hay dispositivos emisores de pequeñas cantidades de datos mediante codificaciones que se modulan en una determinada frecuencia. Estas codificaciones son ciertamente complejas y provocan que los dispositivos de decodificación (o lectores) sean a su vez complejos.The apparently most versatile technology for identification is RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). In RFID there are devices that emit small amounts of data through encodings that are modulated at a certain frequency. These encodings are certainly complex and cause decoding devices (or readers) to be complex.
Los principales problemas surgen cuando dos o más objetos entran dentro del espacio controlado por un mismo receptor. En estos casos, Ia complejidad de Ia codificación y Ia suma de las señales provoca que Ia señal resultante no siga el protocolo, no identifique correctamente a los objetos o incluso los identifique incorrectamente. Para resolver el problema se definen nuevos protocolos "anticolisión" que, de nuevo, aumentan Ia complejidad de los sistemas.The main problems arise when two or more objects enter the space controlled by the same receiver. In these cases, the complexity of the coding and The sum of the signals causes that the resulting signal does not follow the protocol, does not correctly identify the objects or even incorrectly identifies them. To solve the problem, new "anti-collision" protocols are defined which, once again, increase the complexity of the systems.
El problema que pretende solucionar Ia presente invención es el de cómo codificar Ia señal del emisor de modo que Ia identificación de varios objetos sea fiable y sencilla.The problem that the present invention intends to solve is that of how to encode the emitter signal so that the identification of several objects is reliable and simple.
Explicación de Ia invenciónExplanation of the invention
La presente invención consiste en un sistema de detección, identificación y control de objetos en movimiento. " The present invention consists of a system for detecting, identifying and controlling moving objects. "
Cada objeto en movimiento M, (i e {1 , 2, . . -. ,E}) porta un emisor que es- capaz de emitir una señal periódica f, que describiremos como una función matemática cuya forma se repite exactamente después de,un periodo o ciclo T,, cumpliendo Ia siguiente ecuación matemática:Each moving object M, (ie {1, 2,. -., E}) carries an emitter that is capable of emitting a periodic signal f, which we will describe as a mathematical function whose form is repeated exactly after, a period or cycle T ,, fulfilling the following mathematical equation:
Vn e Z. f, (t) = f, (t + πT,)Vn e Z. f, (t) = f, (t + πT,)
La idea principal sobre Ia que se sustenta Ia invención es que cada señal periódica f, es diferenciable una a una por al menos uno de los parámetros que Ia definen y que un muestreo realizado a una frecuencia suficiente de Ia señal, producto de Ia suma de las señales de varios emisores, permite decidir sobre Ia existencia o no" de una determinada señal en Ia mencionada suma.The main idea on which the invention is based is that each periodic signal f is differentiable one by one by at least one of the parameters that define it and that a sampling carried out at a sufficient frequency of the signal, product of the sum of the signals of several emitters, allows to decide on the existence or not "of a certain signal in the mentioned sum.
Así, el emisor e, puede producir una señal distinguible por su forma f, entre 0 y T1 (amplitud en cada punto), por su periodo T, (inversa de Ia frecuencia) o por ambos parámetros a Ia vez. En esta línea, Ia señal emitida por todos los emisores puede ser un tren de pulsos distinguible por Ia frecuencia del mismo o por Ia duración del pulso o por combinaciones de ambos. En Ia figura 1 se muestran tres señales en forma de tren de pulso distinguibles Ia (A) y Ia (B) por Ia frecuencia y Ia (B) y Ia (C) por Ia duración del pulso junto a Ia suma (A) y (B) en (D) y de (B) y (C) en (E). El generador de Ia señal del dispositivo emisor puede ser un circuito electrónico basado en elementos pasivos RCL (resistencias, condensadores y bobinas), en un cristal de cuarzo o en un microcircuito oscilador o en cualquier otra configuración electrónica.Thus, the transmitter e, can produce a distinguishable signal by its form f, between 0 and T 1 (amplitude at each point), by its period T, (inverse of the frequency) or by both parameters at the same time. In this line, the signal emitted by all transmitters can be a pulse train distinguishable by its frequency or by the duration of the pulse or by combinations of both. Figure 1 shows three signals in the form of a distinguishable pulse train Ia (A) and Ia (B) by the frequency and Ia (B) and Ia (C) by the duration of the pulse next to the sum (A) and (B) in (D) and (B) and (C) in (E). The generator of the signal of the emitting device can be an electronic circuit based on passive elements RCL (resistors, capacitors and coils), in a quartz crystal or in an oscillating microcircuit or in any other electronic configuration.
El medio para transmitir Ia señal puede ser el sonido o Ia luz (señales electromagnéticas en general), pudiendo ser esta última infrarroja, de radiofrecuencia, de baja frecuencia, de alta frecuencia, de muy alta frecuencia (UHF), microondas, etc.The means to transmit the signal may be sound or light (electromagnetic signals in general), the latter being infrared, radiofrequency, low frequency, high frequency, very high frequency (UHF), microwave, etc.
El sistema objeto de patente contiene también un número de dispositivos receptores r¡ (j e {1 , 2, . . . ,R}), situados en puntos del espacio, capaces de recibir las señales de distintos emisores, muestrearla y decidir s'obre Ia aparición incluso simultánea de cada una de las señales de los emisores y ninguna otra en una zona del espacio controlada por dicho dispositivo Feceptor, agregar información de instantes de tiempo de paso de cada objeto y ofrecer dicha información en un formato legible por el ser humano o por un sistema automático de procesamiento de información.The system of patent also contains a number of receiving devices r (je {1, 2,..., R}), located at points in space capable of receiving signals from different transmitters, sampling it and decide s' Obre Ia even simultaneous appearance of each of the signals of the emitters and none other in an area of the space controlled by said Feceptor device, add information of instants of time of passage of each object and offer said information in a format readable by the human being or by an automatic information processing system.
Para ello, el dispositivo receptor comprende un subsistema de lectura de Ia señal, un subsistema de muestreo de Ia señal leída y un subsistema de procesamiento de información capaz de procesar Ia información muestreada. Todos los subsistemas pueden situarse en un mismo dispositivo o bien en dispositivos distintos, comunicados a través de un enlace de comunicación, siendo éste inalámbrico o mediante un cable.For this, the receiving device comprises a subsystem for reading the signal, a sampling subsystem of the read signal and an information processing subsystem capable of processing the sampled information. All subsystems can be placed in the same device or in different devices, communicated through a communication link, being this wireless or via a cable.
El subsistema de lectura transforma Ia señal recibida de los emisores en información compatible con el subsistema de muestreo. El subsistema de muestreo toma muestras de Ia señal leída con una determinada cadencia y las transforma en información compatible con el subsistema de procesamiento. El subsistema de procesamiento se encarga de aplicar técnicas de tratamiento de señales para decidir sobre Ia aparición o no de las señales emitidas por los emisores.The reading subsystem transforms the signal received from the transmitters into information compatible with the sampling subsystem. The sampling subsystem takes samples of the read signal with a certain rate and transforms them into information compatible with the processing subsystem. The processing subsystem is responsible for applying signal processing techniques to decide on the appearance or not of the signals emitted by the emitters.
El muestreo de Ia señal leída debe realizarse con una precisión y a una frecuencia que permita Ia reconstrucción de cualquier suma de las señales de los emisores e:. Si no es así entonces no todas las configuraciones de emisores serán distinguibles y esto determinará el número de emisores diferentes que pueden ser distinguidos y por tanto el número de objetos diferentes q ue pod rán ser discriminados, Los l ímites del funcionamiento de Ia invención tienen su origen en los siguientes factores:The sampling of the read signal must be carried out with precision and at a frequency that allows the reconstruction of any sum of the emitter signals e :. If not, then not all issuer configurations will be distinguishable and this will determine the number of different emitters that can be distinguished and therefore The number of different objects that may be discriminated against. The limits of the operation of the invention have their origin in the following factors:
Calidad de Ia lectura de Ia seña .Quality of the reading of the signal.
Pérdida de información de amplitud debido a límites de sensibilidad del lector (clipping).Loss of amplitude information due to reader sensitivity limits (clipping).
Frecuencia y estabilidad del muestreo,Frequency and stability of sampling,
Inclusión de una señal en Ia suma de otras dos señales diferentes a Ia primera.Inclusion of a signal in the sum of two other signals different from the first.
Ei subsistema de procesamiento de Ia información puede ser específico para el tipo de señal emitida por los emisores o puede ser una unidad de computación de propósito general. En esta línea, los procedimientos de detección y discriminación consistirán en el procesamiento digital de Ia señal con un programa de procesamiento de señales capaz de drscnmrnarlas señales emrtrdas por ¡os dispositivos e que en cada momento estaban en Ia zona de detección,The information processing subsystem may be specific to the type of signal emitted by the transmitters or it may be a general purpose computing unit. In this line, the detection and discrimination procedures will consist in the digital processing of the signal with a signal processing program capable of distributing the signals transmitted by the devices and that at each moment were in the detection zone,
Debe añadirse que el subsistema de muestreo y el subsistema de procesamiento pueden ser conjuntamente una unidad de computación de propósito genera Asimismo, Ia unidad de computación pude ser compartida por varios dispositivos receptores,It should be added that the sampling subsystem and the processing subsystem can together be a purpose-generated computing unit. Likewise, the computing unit can be shared by several receiving devices,
Los dispositivos emisores pueden emitir Ia señal continuamente de forma que Ia zona de detección de un receptor queda determinada por el alcance de Ia señal o pueden emitir sólo cuando están en una determinada región espacial de forma que Ia zona de detección de un receptor queda determinada por el alcance de Ia señal y por e conocimiento de que el dispositivo emisor sólo puede estar en Ia mencionada región espacial.The emitting devices can emit the signal continuously so that the detection zone of a receiver is determined by the scope of the signal or they can emit only when they are in a certain spatial region so that the detection zone of a receiver is determined by the scope of the signal and by the knowledge that the emitting device can only be in said space region.
Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings
La figura 1 muestra vanas señales en forma de tren de pulsos distinguibles por su frecuencia, (A) y (B), por Ia duración del pulso, (B) y (C) o por su frecuencia y por Ia duración del pulso, (A) y (C) así como Ia suma de las señales (A) y (B) y (B) y (C),Figure 1 shows several signals in the form of a pulse train distinguishable by their frequency, (A) and (B), by the duration of the pulse, (B) and (C) or by their frequency and by the duration of the pulse, ( A) and (C) as well as the sum of the signals (A) and (B) and (B) and (C),
La figura 2 es un esquema de bloques de un ejemplo de realización del circuito electrónico del dispositivo emisor que transmite Ia señal con luz infrarroja.Figure 2 is a block diagram of an example embodiment of the circuit electronic of the emitting device that transmits the signal with infrared light.
La figura 3 es un esquema de bloques de un ejemplo de realización del subsistema de lectura del dispositivo receptor con fotosensores de luz infrarroja.Figure 3 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the reading subsystem of the receiving device with infrared light photosensors.
La figura 4 representa Ia señal producida por un dispositivo emisor.Figure 4 represents the signal produced by an emitting device.
La figura 5 representa Ia señal producida por un receptor bajo Ia influencia de Ia señal en Ia figura 4.Figure 5 represents the signal produced by a receiver under the influence of the signal in Figure 4.
La figura 6 representa los conos virtuales en los que un arco con cinco fotosensores sería capaz de detectar Ia señal luminosa de un emisor.Figure 6 represents the virtual cones in which an arc with five photosensors would be able to detect the light signal of a transmitter.
Uo modo de realización de La invenciónAn embodiment of the invention
La presente invención se ¡lustra adicionalmente mediante el siguiente ejemplo, el cual no pretende ser limitativo de su alcance. Se trata de un sistema de cronometraje para automodelos de radiocontrol. Existe un dispositivo receptor compuesto por un arco, similar a un puente y bajo el cual circularán los automodelos, que se ubica en Ia zona de meta (encima de Ia línea de salida) y por un ordenador personal. Existen dispositivos emisores que se colocan en los automodelos.The present invention is further illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope. It is a timing system for radio control cars. There is a receiving device composed of an arc, similar to a bridge and under which the cars will circulate, which is located in the target area (above the starting line) and by a personal computer. There are emitting devices that are placed in the car models.
El subsistema de lectura del arco está compuesto por varios circuitos electrónicos, según figura 3, con fotosensores de luz infrarroja capaces de capturar Ia luz emitida desde los emisores. Físicamente, Ia orientación de dichos fotosensores es hacia abajo de modo que cuando un automodelo que transporte uno de los emisores (orientado hacia arriba) pase por debajo de él, lea su señal. La figura 6 muestra las zonas de control de cada una de las placas electrónicas que forman parte del subsistema de lectura.The arc reading subsystem is composed of several electronic circuits, according to figure 3, with infrared light photosensors capable of capturing the light emitted from the emitters. Physically, the orientation of said photosensors is down so that when a car that carries one of the emitters (facing up) passes under it, it reads its signal. Figure 6 shows the control zones of each of the electronic boards that are part of the reading subsystem.
La realización del emisor se muestra en Ia figura 2. Según Ia figura 4, el emisor genera un tren de pulsos lumínicos mediante encendido y apagado de un diodo de luz infrarroja. Cuando dicha luz proveniente de un emisor entra en Ia zona de detección del fotosensor, el circuito de Ia figura 3 transforma Ia señal lumínica en una señal eléctrica como Ia mostrada en Ia figura 5, con Ia que se alimenta mediante un cable alguno de los piπes de status del puerto paralelo de un ordenador personal (el estándar del puerto paralelo contempla 5 pines para Ia transmisión de Ia información hacia el ordenador personal).The embodiment of the transmitter is shown in Figure 2. According to Figure 4, the transmitter generates a train of light pulses by turning on and off an infrared light diode. When said light from a transmitter enters the detection zone of the photosensor, the circuit of Figure 3 transforms the light signal into an electrical signal such as that shown in Figure 5, with which it is fed by a cable Some of the status piπes of the parallel port of a personal computer (the parallel port standard includes 5 pins for the transmission of the information to the personal computer).
El subsistema de muestreo y procesamiento ha sido realizado con un ordenador personal y un programa de ordenador que monitoriza el puerto paralelo de forma continuada a intervalos regulares obteniendo muéstreos con una cantidad suficiente de muestras como para detectar y discriminar, mediante conocidos algoritmos de tratamiento de señal basados en Ia Transformada de Fourier optimizados para señales de onda cuadrada, cuál o cuáles fueron las frecuencias originales y por tanto descubrir qué automodelos pasaron por Ia zona de detección en un determinado instante.The sampling and processing subsystem has been carried out with a personal computer and a computer program that continuously monitors the parallel port at regular intervals obtaining samples with a sufficient number of samples to detect and discriminate, using known signal processing algorithms based on the Fourier Transform optimized for square wave signals, which or what were the original frequencies and therefore discover which automodels passed through the detection zone at a certain moment.
La alimentación del emisor se realiza directamente con las baterías del automodelo. La ventaja de esla realización es obvia: no se hace necesario que el automodelo tenga que cargar con otro conjunto de baterías para alimentar el emisor manteniendo1 prácticamente su peso original. La desventaja es que en dicho caso Ia circuitería del emisor se vuelve algo más compleja al resultar necesario estabilizar Ia tensión, puesto que Ia frecuencia de emisión depende, en este ejemplo de realización, de aquélla, Io que obliga al software a trabajar con cierta iπcertidumbre sobre Ia frecuencia exacta del emisor.The transmitter is powered directly by the car's batteries. The advantage of this embodiment is obvious: it is not necessary for the car to have to charge with another set of batteries to power the transmitter while maintaining 1 practically its original weight. The disadvantage is that in this case the emitter circuitry becomes somewhat more complex since it is necessary to stabilize the voltage, since the emission frequency depends, in this example of embodiment, on that, which forces the software to work with a certain uncertainty. on the exact frequency of the transmitter.
La alimentación de los receptores se realiza, en el ejemplo presentado, directamente con los pines de datos del puerto paralelo, Io que de nuevo supone un ahorro en baterías extras para alimentar los receptores en el arco de detección.The power supply of the receivers is carried out, in the example presented, directly with the data pins of the parallel port, which again saves extra batteries to power the receivers in the detection arc.
Una de las principales restricciones de Ia señal del emisor es que Ia parte alta del ciclo sea Io más estrecha posible para evitar en Io posible que los flancos de subida queden enmascarados por Ia señal en alta de otros emisores. La mejor opción para una señal de tren de pulsos es que el tiempo ,TE durante el que el led infrarrojo del emisor permanece encendido sea el mínimo para activar el fotodiodo del receptor. Por su parte, el receptor estará obligado a mantener Ia señal activa durante al menos el doble del periodo de Ia frecuencia de muestro del puerto. Si asumimos que Ia frecuencia de muestreo ha de ser al menos de 200KHz, entonces Ia parte alta de Ia señal entregada en el puerto deberá ser al menos de 10 microsegundos, y una configuración eficiente de las señales de los emisores sería el uso de frecuencias entre 2000 y 4000 hercios. Aplicación industrialOne of the main restrictions of the emitter signal is that the upper part of the cycle is as narrow as possible to avoid as far as possible that the rising edges are masked by the high signal of other emitters. The best option for a pulse train signal is that the time, TE during which the infrared LED of the transmitter remains on is the minimum to activate the photodiode of the receiver. For its part, the receiver will be obliged to keep the active signal for at least twice the period of the frequency of port sampling. If we assume that the sampling frequency must be at least 200KHz, then the high part of the signal delivered to the port must be at least 10 microseconds, and an efficient configuration of the emitter signals would be the use of frequencies between 2000 and 4000 hertz Industrial application
• Sistemas de cronometraje en eventos deportivos. • Identificación de objetos en cadenas de producción.• Timing systems in sporting events. • Identification of objects in production chains.
• Identificación de personas.• Identification of people.
• Identificación y control de objetos en almacenes.• Identification and control of objects in warehouses.
• Control y seguimiento de velocidades de objetos.• Control and tracking of object speeds.
• Análisis de procesos de producción. • Análisis de procesos de transporte a pequeña y gran escala. • Analysis of production processes. • Analysis of small and large-scale transport processes.

Claims

Reivindicaciones Claims
1. Sistema para Ia detección y discriminación de objetos en movimiento que comprende dispositivos emisores, situados- cada uno de ellos en cada uno de los objetos en movimiento, que emiten una señal periódica diferenciable una a una por uno o varios de los parámetros que Ia definen, dispositivos receptores, situados en distintos puntos del espacio, que reciben y muestrean Ia señal de los emisores, deciden sobre Ia aparición, incluso simultánea, de cada una de las señales de los emisores y ninguna otra en Ia zona del espacio controlada por cada dispositivo receptor, agregan información de instantes de tiempo de paso de cada objeto y ofrecen dicha información en un formato legible por el ser humano o por un sistema de procesamiento de información.1. System for the detection and discrimination of moving objects comprising emitting devices, located each of them in each of the moving objects, which emit a differentiable periodic signal one by one by one or several of the parameters that Ia they define, receiving devices, located in different points of the space, that receive and sample the signal of the emitters, decide on the appearance, even simultaneous, of each of the signals of the emitters and none other in the area of the space controlled by each receiving device, aggregate information of moments of passage of each object and offer said information in a format readable by the human being or by an information processing system.
2. Sistema según Ia reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque cada dispositivo emisor produce una señal de forma idéntica distinguible por su frecuencia.2. System according to claim 1 characterized in that each emitting device produces a signal identically distinguishable by its frequency.
3. Sistema según Ia reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque cada dispositivo emisor produce una señal de frecuencia idéntica distinguible por Ia forma de Ia función matemática que Ia define.3. System according to claim 1 characterized in that each emitting device produces an identical frequency signal distinguishable by the form of the mathematical function that defines it.
4. Sistema según Ia reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque cada dispositivo emisor produce una señal distinguible por su frecuencia y por Ia forma de Ia función matemática que Ia define.4. System according to claim 1 characterized in that each emitting device produces a signal distinguishable by its frequency and by the form of the mathematical function that defines it.
5. Sistema según reivindicaciones 1 a 4 caracterizado porque cada dispositivo emisor produce una señal en forma de tren de pulsos distinguible por su frecuencia o por Ia duración del pulso o por ambos a Ia vez.5. System according to claims 1 to 4 characterized in that each emitting device produces a signal in the form of a pulse train distinguishable by its frequency or by the duration of the pulse or both at the same time.
6. Sistema según la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque cada dispositivo receptor comprende un subsistema de lectura de Ia señal de los dispositivos emisores dentro de su zona de control, un subsistema de muestreo de Ia señal leída y un subsistema de procesamiento de información que procesa Ia señal muestreada. 6. System according to claim 1 characterized in that each receiving device comprises a subsystem for reading the signal of the sending devices within its control zone, a sampling subsystem of the read signal and an information processing subsystem that processes the signal sampled
7. Sistema según reivindicación 6 caracterizado porque todos los subsistemas se encuentran integrados, o bien en un único dispositivo, o bien en dispositivos distintos, comunicados a través de enlaces de comunicación, siendo éstos inalámbricos o mediante un cable.7. System according to claim 6 characterized in that all the subsystems are integrated, either in a single device, or in different devices, communicated through communication links, these being wireless or via a cable.
8. Sistema según reivindicación 7 caracterizado porque o bien únicamente el subsistema de procesamiento o bien el subsistema de muestreo y el subsistema de procesamiento conjuntamente, son una unidad de computación de propósito general.8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that only the processing subsystem or the sampling subsystem and the processing subsystem together are a general purpose computing unit.
9. Sistema según reivindicación 8 caracterizado porque Ia unidad de computación es compartida por varios dispositivos receptores. 9. System according to claim 8 characterized in that the computing unit is shared by several receiving devices.
PCT/ES2008/000232 2007-04-18 2008-04-11 System for detecting and discriminating moving objects WO2008129093A1 (en)

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Citations (7)

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US4142680A (en) * 1977-03-21 1979-03-06 Oswald Robert A High resolution timing recording system
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FR2619644A1 (en) * 1987-08-19 1989-02-24 Braconnier Dominique Detection device, particularly for timing vehicles in sporting competitions
EP0435055A1 (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-07-03 Omega Electronics S.A. Time-measuring device for vehicles
WO1992010811A1 (en) * 1990-12-14 1992-06-25 Digital Equipment International Ltd. A high-efficiency apparatus for measuring operational parameters and times of vehicles running around a racetrack
US5194843A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-03-16 Progressive Concepts, Inc. Automatic vehicular timing and scoring system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3546696A (en) * 1969-06-17 1970-12-08 Digimetrics Inc Sports computer system
US4142680A (en) * 1977-03-21 1979-03-06 Oswald Robert A High resolution timing recording system
US4449114A (en) * 1980-03-27 1984-05-15 Dataspeed, Inc. System for identifying and displaying data transmitted by way of unique identifying frequencies from multiple vehicles
FR2619644A1 (en) * 1987-08-19 1989-02-24 Braconnier Dominique Detection device, particularly for timing vehicles in sporting competitions
EP0435055A1 (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-07-03 Omega Electronics S.A. Time-measuring device for vehicles
WO1992010811A1 (en) * 1990-12-14 1992-06-25 Digital Equipment International Ltd. A high-efficiency apparatus for measuring operational parameters and times of vehicles running around a racetrack
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