WO2008119554A1 - Élément stratifié électroluminescent - Google Patents

Élément stratifié électroluminescent Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008119554A1
WO2008119554A1 PCT/EP2008/002616 EP2008002616W WO2008119554A1 WO 2008119554 A1 WO2008119554 A1 WO 2008119554A1 EP 2008002616 W EP2008002616 W EP 2008002616W WO 2008119554 A1 WO2008119554 A1 WO 2008119554A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
light
particles
element according
binder material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/002616
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Helmut MÄUSER
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Glass France filed Critical Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority to EP08734962A priority Critical patent/EP2130408A1/fr
Publication of WO2008119554A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008119554A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
    • H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
    • H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/57—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing manganese or rhenium
    • C09K11/572—Chalcogenides
    • C09K11/574—Chalcogenides with zinc or cadmium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/58—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing copper, silver or gold
    • C09K11/582—Chalcogenides
    • C09K11/584—Chalcogenides with zinc or cadmium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
    • C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
    • C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
    • C09K11/7743—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing terbium
    • C09K11/7744—Chalcogenides
    • C09K11/7745—Chalcogenides with zinc or cadmium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electroluminescent layer element with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the document therefore recommends a large number of other materials, preferably with semiconducting properties, and among them preferably titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). 1 to 100 nm are given as particle sizes, and the proportion by weight of the nanoparticles in the polymeric binder should be between 0.1 and 90% by weight.
  • amorphous polymers are preferably mentioned which can be processed into transparent layers, for example polycarbonates, polystyrene and various others.
  • This intermediate layer should then be applied to ITO coated glass.
  • undoped ZnS nanoparticles in electroluminescent thin layers is recommended in EP 1 309 013 A2, it is also extensively discussed in the prior art with differently doped ZnS nanoparticles. Mention may be made, among other things, of manganese and copper as doping materials, which may be regarded as relatively good for the environment in comparison with cadmium-containing substances.
  • No. 6,515,314 describes an enrichment of an electroluminescent layer with photoluminescent (phosphorescent) nanoparticles. The latter are intended to influence the color character of the emitted light.
  • a system with an organic luminescent layer is described, in which nanoscale inorganic particles are incorporated, whereby they have a color-converting function.
  • EP 1 553 153 A2 discloses dispersion-type electroluminescent elements in which a luminescent layer and an insulating layer or dielectric layer lie between two electrode layers, both having the same organic binder as a matrix.
  • ZnS particles are embedded in the luminescent layer
  • barium titanate particles are embedded in the insulating layer.
  • the barium titanate particles are mixed into the insulating layer mainly because of their dielectric properties; The document makes no explicit statement about its optical properties. However, it is known that barium titanate particles have a bright (white) reflection color.
  • Cyanoethyl cellulose or an epoxy resin are mentioned as two layers of common binder.
  • polyethylene (PE) 1 polypropylene (PP), polystyrene resin, silicone resin, and polyvinyl fluoride resin (PVDF) are also particularly mentioned in addition to cyanoethyl cellulose or epoxy resin.
  • PVDF polyvinyl fluoride resin
  • the use of PVDF as a binder which has found its way into the practice of producing electroluminescent systems because of its high dielectric constant of about 9 to 11, has proven to be problematic, since the durability of the multi-layer structure thus produced has proven to be inadequate often delamination of the elements are detected after a relatively short time.
  • PVB polyvinyl butyral
  • Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) has similar properties and is sometimes used in place of PVB.
  • the invention is based on the object to provide a further configuration of an electroluminescent laminating element based on a luminescent layer with embedded in a polymer inorganic particles. This object is achieved with the features of claim 1.
  • the features of the subclaims indicate advantageous developments of this invention.
  • the layer element according to the invention has excellent strength, since the bond between the individual layers is excellent due to the particularly good adhesive properties of the PVB or EVA.
  • the lifetime of the layer elements according to the invention is very high, especially in mechanical terms.
  • a key aspect of this invention is the use of PVB or EVA as organic binder, preferably in spreadable or flowable form, with embedded particles for producing the electroluminescent layer by printing, in particular screen printing, if the layer is to have a thickness greater than about 5 ⁇ m, such as it is typical in the thick-film process, but also by the inkjet method, the latter especially when the light-emitting particles sufficiently small, ie in particular nanoscale, and the layer thickness then does not exceed the values of the so-called thin-film technology, ie less than e.g. 5 ⁇ m.
  • all suitable application methods for the mixtures made of organic binder, the luminous particles and a suitable solvent come into question.
  • Suitable solvents for the PVB-containing mixture are a large number of substances into consideration, especially those with a high flash point and correspondingly low evaporation rate, namely, when the mixture is applied by screen printing, where large pot life is beneficial.
  • Suitable solvents are, above all, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, etc., as well as MEK and THF.
  • the layer element according to the invention according to the present state of the invention
  • Production technology at least preferably a second layer with dielectric properties, which is disposed between the first layer and the back electrode.
  • the second layer preferably also contains an organic binder material, which should preferably consist of PVB or EVA, ie of the same material as that Binder material of the first layer.
  • an organic binder material which should preferably consist of PVB or EVA, ie of the same material as that Binder material of the first layer.
  • the field strength between the opposing electrodes can be increased without the voltage having to be increased for this purpose.
  • by suitably conditioning the production conditions of the first or the second layer it can be ensured that the water content in the PVB in the finished layer element moves within the desired limits.
  • An advantage of the layer element according to the invention in this context also lies in the fact that the water content of the binder material PVB according to the invention has no negative effects on the layer element, neither in terms of optical properties nor durability. Even if one of the two layers or both layers are realized with a comparatively large thickness, due to the high permittivity of the binder materials, a field strength required for the luminous effects can be achieved at a comparatively low voltage. This has favorable consequences, in particular with regard to the production costs and the safety of the end product.
  • the effective dielectric constant of the second layer is further preferably increased by adding particles of barium titanate to the binder material of the second layer, these particles likewise also having light-scattering properties and thus positively influencing the emission characteristic of the layer element according to the invention.
  • Barium titanate is a white and thus very color-neutral pigment for optically high demands.
  • the relative dielectric constant of the raw material is up to to 2200.
  • the barium titanate together with the organic binder form a mixed dielectric, resulting in a resulting permittivity of about 80.
  • This mixed dielectric may also be referred to as a paint since it consists of the binder and color pigments.
  • the dielectric layer can also serve as a color filter by using colored pigments. This shifts the color locus of the emitted light in the CIE color system / coordinate system. Its information is known to be represented by the intensity (Y) and the coordinates x and y (color location). In addition, the wavelength and a curve are specified, which describes the color temperature in Kelvin.
  • the basic structure of the electroluminescent system comprises a transparent substrate, for. As glass or plastic, a transparent surface electrode, for. As indium tin oxide (ITO), the actual functional or luminescent layer, preferably or, if necessary, an insulating or dielectric layer, and a flat back electrode. Seen electrically, a capacitor is thus formed.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the two surface electrodes are to be connected to a (alternating) voltage source.
  • the luminescent layer consists of electroluminescent, preferably doped ZnS: Me particles which are dispersed in a polymer of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) or ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).
  • Me is metal, and preferably manganese, copper or terbium are used to dope the zinc sulfide.
  • the pigments typically have a diameter between 2 nm and 1 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thickness of the light-emitting layer is between a few tens of nanometers and about 13 ⁇ m, depending on the choice of particle size. Depending on the technique of the order or the generation of the light-emitting layer are different Pigment solid. Particle diameter into consideration.
  • An area for very thin layers is between 2 and 30nm.
  • Thicker layers may contain particles between 100 nm and 1 ⁇ m.
  • pigments with a diameter of about 10 nm and a spin coating application process, it is possible to produce nanometer thin layers.
  • Particle sizes of 100 - 1000 nm in combination with an inkjet or inkjet coating process allow layer thicknesses of 1 - 6 ⁇ m.
  • Particle sizes of 1 ⁇ m in combination with the classic screen-printing application process, enable layer thicknesses of 5 - 10 ⁇ m.
  • the layer thickness is reduced in defined areas after the drying process.
  • the reduction of the layer thickness should not fall below the highest thickness of the embedded particles, so that the latter remain securely embedded in order to minimize the risk of electrical breakdown.
  • the dielectric layer as an insulating layer consists of particles of barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), which is also dispersed in a binder.
  • the diameter of these particles is between 100nm and 2 ⁇ m. It is preferably 300nm. It is preferably used the same binder system that also embeds the electroluminescent particles. This also fulfills the requirement that the refractive indices of the binder for the luminescent layer and the dielectric be the same. This is necessary so that the light from the light-emitting layer can be conducted into the dielectric layer without optical losses and supplied to the scattering centers (BaTiO 3 particles). If the refractive index of the light-emitting layer were greater than the refractive index of the dielectric, then the light would be trapped as in an optical waveguide in the very thin layer by total reflection and the emission would be correspondingly low or virtually zero.
  • the back electrode may optionally be implemented as an opaque electrical print medium (an electrically conductive screen printing paste), a sputtered layer, or a transparent conductive (conductively doped) polymer (PEDOT) of the prior art.
  • an opaque electrical print medium an electrically conductive screen printing paste
  • a sputtered layer a sputtered layer
  • a transparent conductive (conductively doped) polymer PEDOT
  • a completely transparent inorganic electroluminescent system can be constructed by selecting appropriate (lower) layer thicknesses for the luminescent layer and the insulating layer.
  • the refractive index of the binder is smaller than the refractive index of the transparent electrode.
  • the binder has a nanoporosity, i. H. it contains smallest air pockets, which due to local inhomogeneities of the refractive index a
  • Scattering centers for light extraction are introduced into the luminescent layer and / or the dielectric layer.
  • BaTiO 3 pigments can be used as scattering centers.
  • scattering centers can be introduced by structuring the transparent electrode (or by deliberately creating a rough surface), if this is possible or carried out without a noticeable change in the sheet resistance.
  • the structuring is z. B. using a local laser processing possible while the surface roughness z. B. by adjusting the deposition parameters (during sputtering) can be influenced. It is essential for a good luminous efficacy to avoid that within the layer element to total reflections at interfaces occurs.
  • 1 shows a first partial sectional view through a prior art electroluminescent layer element in which an assumed light refraction state is plotted with non-matching refractive indices of the binder layers; 2 shows an assumed light refraction state in a layer element according to the invention with matching refractive indices of the binder layers.
  • a layer element 1 is constructed on a transparent rigid plate 2 made of glass or plastic.
  • an electrically conductive transparent thin layer 3 made of a TCO (transparent conductive oxide), preferably of indium tin oxide (ITO) is deposited over the entire surface.
  • TCO transparent conductive oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • This electrode layer can be connected by means of a bus bar 4 to the outside to a pole of a voltage source, not shown.
  • a functional layer 5 made of a transparent organic binder (polymer or silica) is applied in a manner known per se as matrix material and nanoparticles 6, which are incorporated therein and are excitable for electroluminescence.
  • This layer 5 may itself be a dielectric. It is then followed by another dielectric layer 7 made of a likewise transparent binder matrix and light-scattering particles 8 embedded therein.
  • cover or back electrode layer 9 which need not be transparent, and preferably consists of silver.
  • This electrode can also be connected to the aforementioned voltage source by means of at least one bus bar (not shown). If both electrode layers 4 and 9 are at a suitable alternating voltage, an electric field is created which penetrates the dielectric layers 5 and 7 and excites the particles 6 to emit light.
  • the layer element 1 is to be able to emit light on both sides, then of course the cover electrode 9 must also be translucent. In deviation from FIG. 1, it could also consist of a TCO, or be a light-transmitting, electrically conductive multi-layer system with at least one metal layer, or else a conductive doped, light-transmitting polymer (PEDOT).
  • a TCO or be a light-transmitting, electrically conductive multi-layer system with at least one metal layer, or else a conductive doped, light-transmitting polymer (PEDOT).
  • PEDOT conductive doped, light-transmitting polymer
  • the nanoparticles 6 in the luminescent layer consist of metal-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS: Me), manganese or copper or terbium being preferred as the doping metal.
  • Their diameters are preferably between 2 and 30 nm or between 100 nm and 1 ⁇ m, depending on the thickness of the light-emitting layer 5. This is between a few tens of nanometers and 13 ⁇ m, depending on the choice of particle diameter and the application method.
  • the nanoparticles 8 in the dielectric layer preferably consist of color-neutral barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) with respect to the light emitted by the nanoparticles 6.
  • the diameter of the particles 8 is between 100 nm and 2 ⁇ m and is preferably 300 nm.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a greatly simplified beam path of light rays which are emitted by some of the particles 6. If the refractive indices of the layers 3, 5 and 7 are not carefully matched, then, as shown in FIG. 1, a total reflection of the emitted light at the interfaces can occur. The layer 5 then acts like an optical waveguide. The particles 8 then have virtually no effect on the light rays, as they did not get to them. It should be noted that the excited in the electric field for lighting pigments naturally emit the light in spherical form in the binder. This is not considered in the schematic diagram.
  • the brittle indices of the layers 5 and 7 are identical and the index of the layer 3 and the substrate 2 (glass) is not very different or substantially coincides therewith, with an unchanged basic structure. Consequently, the light rays penetrate the interface between the layers 5 and 7 without any significant deflection, and therefore either reach the (mirroring) back electrode or are reflected or scattered on the particles 8. Since the particles 6 themselves have a certain light-scattering effect, so that a total of very homogeneous-surface light emission is possible. It is possible to further improve the scattering effect by mixing a proportion of light-scattering particles into the layer 5 between the zinc sulfide particles 6.
  • the binder material of both the first layer 5 and the second layer 7 is PVB.
  • PVB powder also possible using PVB granules
  • solvent in the form of propanol from 60% of this binder material and 40% of metal-doped zinc sulfite particles, a paste is then produced, which is applied to the surface electrode 3 by way of the screen-printing method.
  • the same binder material is used for the second layer 7.
  • 40% of the binder material and 60% of barium titanate particles are used (all the above percentages are by weight).
  • one or more application processes for producing the second layer 7 or the second layers 7 are required.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément stratifié (1) électroluminescent comprenant au moins un substrat transparent (2), une électrode plane transparente (3) placée sur celui-ci, une première couche (5) comportant des particules (6) électroluminescentes inorganiques incorporées dans un liant organique, le liant organique de la première couche (5) possédant au moins approximativement les mêmes propriétés de réfraction que le substrat transparent (2), ainsi qu'une électrode arrière (9), l'électrode plane transparente (3) et l'électrode arrière (9) servant à fournir la tension et à générer un champ électrique en présence duquel les particules (6) incorporées dans la première couche (5) sont excitées pour émettre de la lumière. Selon l'invention, pour obtenir un élément stratifié (1) qui présente une stabilité mécanique et une résistance durable et possède d'excellentes propriétés optiques, en particulier sans réflexion totale à l'intérieur de la première couche (5), le liant est à base de polybutyral de vinyle (PVB) ou d'éthylène-acétate de vinyle (EVA).
PCT/EP2008/002616 2007-04-03 2008-04-02 Élément stratifié électroluminescent WO2008119554A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08734962A EP2130408A1 (fr) 2007-04-03 2008-04-02 Élément stratifié électroluminescent

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200710016401 DE102007016401A1 (de) 2007-04-03 2007-04-03 Elektrolumineszierendes Schichtelement
DE102007016401.9 2007-04-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008119554A1 true WO2008119554A1 (fr) 2008-10-09

Family

ID=39731778

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/002616 WO2008119554A1 (fr) 2007-04-03 2008-04-02 Élément stratifié électroluminescent

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2130408A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102007016401A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008119554A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009042795A1 (de) 2009-09-25 2011-04-07 Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrolumineszenzelements, Verwendung eines Drucklacks und Elektrolumineszenzelement
CN104297304B (zh) * 2014-08-25 2017-04-19 浙江工商大学 一种AFc/碳粉/PVB修饰电极的制备及其用于测定游离态亚硫酸盐和总量的方法

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5068157A (en) * 1988-10-26 1991-11-26 Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd. Electroluminescent element
DE4310082A1 (de) * 1993-03-27 1994-09-29 Hoechst Ag Elektrolumineszenzfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
US20050142371A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2005-06-30 Swain Stuart D. Phosphorescent sheets or films having protective topcoat and methods of making the same
WO2007099881A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-07 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Matériau émetteur de lumière, élément émetteur de lumière, dispositif émetteur de lumière, et dispositif électronique

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19543205A1 (de) 1995-11-20 1997-05-22 Bayer Ag Zwischenschicht in elektrolumineszierenden Anordnungen enthaltend feinteilige anorganische Partikel
US6515314B1 (en) 2000-11-16 2003-02-04 General Electric Company Light-emitting device with organic layer doped with photoluminescent material
EP1309013A1 (fr) 2001-10-30 2003-05-07 Agfa-Gevaert Dispositif émetteur de lumière inorganique à couche mince avec des nanoparticules de sulfure de zinc non dopées
GB2389959B (en) * 2002-06-19 2006-06-14 Univ Dundee Improved field emission device
US7361413B2 (en) * 2002-07-29 2008-04-22 Lumimove, Inc. Electroluminescent device and methods for its production and use
JP2005203336A (ja) 2003-12-15 2005-07-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd エレクトロルミネッセンス素子およびエレクトロルミネッセンス発光粒子

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5068157A (en) * 1988-10-26 1991-11-26 Samsung Electron Devices Co., Ltd. Electroluminescent element
DE4310082A1 (de) * 1993-03-27 1994-09-29 Hoechst Ag Elektrolumineszenzfolie, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
US20050142371A1 (en) * 2002-05-31 2005-06-30 Swain Stuart D. Phosphorescent sheets or films having protective topcoat and methods of making the same
WO2007099881A1 (fr) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-07 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Matériau émetteur de lumière, élément émetteur de lumière, dispositif émetteur de lumière, et dispositif électronique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202007019199U1 (de) 2011-02-10
DE102007016401A1 (de) 2008-10-09
EP2130408A1 (fr) 2009-12-09

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