WO2008116401A1 - Procédé, système et nœuds pour partage de contenu p2p - Google Patents

Procédé, système et nœuds pour partage de contenu p2p Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008116401A1
WO2008116401A1 PCT/CN2008/070245 CN2008070245W WO2008116401A1 WO 2008116401 A1 WO2008116401 A1 WO 2008116401A1 CN 2008070245 W CN2008070245 W CN 2008070245W WO 2008116401 A1 WO2008116401 A1 WO 2008116401A1
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Prior art keywords
node
user
super
super node
user node
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PCT/CN2008/070245
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Junling Hu
Yongfeng Tu
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP08706621.3A priority Critical patent/EP2112788B1/en
Priority to JP2010500055A priority patent/JP5050095B2/ja
Publication of WO2008116401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008116401A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/10—Services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F15/00—Digital computers in general; Data processing equipment in general
    • G06F15/16—Combinations of two or more digital computers each having at least an arithmetic unit, a program unit and a register, e.g. for a simultaneous processing of several programs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
    • G06F16/18—File system types
    • G06F16/182—Distributed file systems
    • G06F16/1834—Distributed file systems implemented based on peer-to-peer networks, e.g. gnutella
    • G06F16/1837—Management specially adapted to peer-to-peer storage networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H04L61/09—Mapping addresses
    • H04L61/25—Mapping addresses of the same type
    • H04L61/2503—Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses
    • H04L61/256—NAT traversal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H04L67/108—Resource delivery mechanisms characterised by resources being split in blocks or fragments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1087—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
    • H04L67/1093—Some peer nodes performing special functions

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of Internet technology, and in particular relates to a technology for content sharing in the Internet. Background of the invention
  • the traditional Internet adopts a client/server approach, using centralized servers on the website, but the trend of the Internet will move from centralized to distributed, and centralized servers will become distributed, such as P2P (Peer to Peer) technology.
  • P2P Peer to Peer
  • each client terminal is both a client and a server.
  • P2P shared download is a relatively common download mode. Every day, tens of millions of netizens use BT (Bit Torrent) software to download entire movies, MP3s and large-scale software. The data traffic has accounted for the total Internet. More than 70% of data traffic. In the shared download process, each of the many users who download the same file only needs to download a fragment of the file and then exchange them, and finally each user gets the complete file.
  • BT Bit Torrent
  • BT In the current P2P shared download mode, BT is widely used.
  • BT's network model As shown in Figure 1, it includes: The server with the suffix torrent file is Webserver (web server), the server responsible for user mutual discovery, Tracker, User.
  • the implementation process of the BT shared download specifically includes the following steps:
  • the user who wants to share the content will be suffixed with .
  • the torrent file is posted on the normal Webserver, which contains the length, name, hash information of the shared file, and the URL of the Tracker (Global Uniform Resource Identifier).
  • Users who want to share content can download the .torrent file from the normal website Webserver to get the Tracker URL.
  • the Peer with the complete file is called a seed. Users who want to share the file divide the file into many slices to suit the sharing of the slices.
  • Each Peers communicates with each other for file sharing. Each Peer applies for the shards he wants from other Peers, and also distributes his existing shards to other Peers who apply to himself.
  • the P2P network used for BT sharing is a typical "everyone for me, I am everyone" network, which fully shares the resources of each user.
  • this network it is precisely because of the true "Everyone is equal” that no one is willing to do more work with “obligation”, which makes this network have certain limitations, mainly in the following two points:
  • the user's address is a private network address.
  • the user's private network address cannot be directly accessed from the outside. You want to directly access the private network.
  • the device needs to adopt the mechanism of STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators) or TURN (traversal using Relay NAT).
  • STUN Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators
  • TURN traversal using Relay NAT
  • the overall shared access rate is limited by the minimum rate.
  • ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
  • the typical downlink rate is 8M
  • the uplink rate is 512K.
  • the upload rate of each user is not fast enough, multiple users can satisfy the high-speed download of one user after adding up, but if the whole network is considered, in the case of complete P2P
  • the total rate of uploading must be equal to the total rate of downloading. Therefore, even if the downlink bandwidth is very wide, the average download rate of the user can only be the average rate of network uploading due to the limitation of the uplink rate. Summary of the invention
  • the purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method, a system, and a node for P2P content sharing, which are intended to solve the problem that the private network user node in the prior art cannot implement P2P sharing, and the P2P shared access rate is affected by the uplink or downlink rate. Limitation issues.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a method for P2P content sharing, selecting a super node in a user node including the following steps:
  • the super node After receiving the request for the fragmentation sent by the ordinary user node, the super node checks whether the fragment of the ordinary user application is stored, and if so, uploads the stored fragment for sharing by the common user node. Otherwise, the other super node or the common user node is requested to apply the fragment of the common user request, and then the obtained fragment is uploaded for sharing by the common user node.
  • a system for P2P content sharing including a tracker and a common user node, and a super node.
  • the super node stores the fragment stored by itself according to the request of the ordinary user node to apply for the fragmentation.
  • the slice uploads obtained from other super nodes or common user nodes are shared by the common user nodes.
  • a user node that acts as a supernode including:
  • the super node registration module detects that the user node has the condition of becoming a super node, and registers with the tracker as a super node;
  • the fragmentation application processing module after receiving the request for the application fragment sent by the ordinary user node, checks whether the fragment of the ordinary user application is stored, and if so, uploads the stored fragment for the ordinary user.
  • the node is shared, and the fragment of the common user request is applied to the other super node or the common user node, and then the obtained fragment is uploaded for sharing by the common user node.
  • a P2P content sharing method in which a super node is selected in a user node, including: a private network user node uploads a fragment owned by the public network IP address and port number assigned by the super node or a super node as a proxy Other user nodes share or download shards from other user nodes.
  • a P2P content sharing system including a tracker and a common user node, and a super node, the super node is used to assist a private network user to traverse NAT to implement P2P transmission.
  • a private network user node including:
  • the NAT type judging module detects that the user node is a private network user node, and determines whether the NAT type of the user node is a male NAT or a symmetric NAT, and sends the judgment result to the registration module;
  • the registration module receives the judgment result sent by the NAT type judgment module. If the result is a male NAT, the requesting super node allocates a public network IP address and a port number to the user node, and uses the public network IP address and port number to Tracker registration; if the result is symmetric NAT, register with at least one super node, requesting the super node to register with the tracker as a proxy of the user node.
  • a super node includes: a STUN server function module, configured to allocate a public network IP address and a port number to a cone NAT private network user node, so that the private network user node registers with the tracker by using the public network IP address and port number; .
  • a super node includes: a TURN server function module, which is used as a proxy for a symmetric NAT private network user node to register with a tracker.
  • the embodiment of the present invention overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art, and uses a user node with certain conditions as a super node, and these super nodes play a role of coordinating transit for the private network user node to traverse the NAT. In addition, the super node does not have a download requirement itself.
  • the uploading service provided by the super node compensates for the insufficiency of the uploading rate, and the technical solution for the uploading rate to reach the downloading rate can assist the private network user node behind the NAT to traverse the NAT to implement P2P.
  • the overall sharing rate is limited by the minimum rate in the uplink and downlink rate asymmetric network, making real-time P2P commercial applications with higher bandwidth requirements possible.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a BT network architecture in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a BT network in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a super node providing an upload service according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a super node helping a private network user node to traverse NAT according to an embodiment of the present invention. Mode for carrying out the invention
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention is to use a user node with certain conditions as a super node in the existing BT network architecture, and the super nodes act as a STUN Server (STUN server) or a TURN Server (TURN server).
  • STUN server STUN Server
  • TURN server TURN Server
  • the super node provides the upload service when the user does not have the download requirement, and the upload service provided by the super node compensates for the insufficient upload rate, so that the upload rate is reached. The rate requirement for the download.
  • the network architecture diagram of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 2, and a super node is introduced in the existing BT network architecture.
  • the super node can be served by a common user node that satisfies the following conditions: Can be directly accessed by other user nodes; has sufficient processing power; has enough storage space to store shared content; has enough bandwidth.
  • the super node should indicate that it is a super node when it registers with the tracker, so that when the tracker interacts with other user nodes, it can notify which nodes are super nodes.
  • the Tracker discovery mechanism needs to be modified accordingly, instead of getting it from the torrent file, but
  • the IP address or domain name of the Tracker is preset in each user node.
  • the specific process for a normal user node to register as a super node with Tracker is as follows:
  • the user node finds the Tracker through the preset Tracker IP address or domain name.
  • the user node obtains a list of super nodes from the Tracker.
  • the function of STUN Server is integrated in the super node.
  • the function of the STUN Client (STUN client) is integrated in the common user node.
  • the STUN Client communicates with the STUN Server to determine whether the IP address of the user node is a public IP address or a private IP address. Address, specifically, STUN CLIENT will first send a probe message to STUN SERVER.
  • the message payload (except IP header) will contain its own IP address.
  • the IP address of the header is changed. It becomes the public IP address of the NAT, but the IP address in the payload does not change. Therefore, when the STUN SERVER receives the probe packet and compares the source IP address of the packet header with the IP address in the payload, it knows STUN CLIENT. Whether it has passed NAT, of course After sending back to the STUN CLIENT response message, the message payload carries its public IP address, knowing if it has passed NAT.
  • the STUN SERVER will notify other users of the IP address and port number of the STUN CLIENT after NAT conversion, and other users can access the STUN CLIENT.
  • the user node finds that its IP address is a public network IP address, check its processing capability, storage space, bandwidth, etc. to see if the conditions of the super node are met. If it is satisfied, register itself with the Tracker as a super node.
  • the super node After the qualified user node completes the registration of the super node, the super node performs two functions in the BT network architecture: one is to provide an upload service when the file is not downloaded by itself, and the other is to help the user of the private network address to traverse the NAT.
  • the super node receives a request for a fragmentation sent by a common user node.
  • the super node analyzes the request for the fragmentation sent by the ordinary user node, checks whether it owns the fragment, and if it does not own the fragment, go to step 3. Otherwise, go to step 5.
  • the super node randomly selects some fragments in the fragments requested by the common user node to apply to other nodes (super nodes or common user nodes).
  • the super node obtains the fragment from other nodes, and temporarily stores the obtained fragment in its own storage space.
  • step 304 After step 304 is performed, step 305 may be performed, or step 301 may be returned.
  • the super node uploads the stored fragments and shares them to a common user node that applies for the fragments to themselves.
  • the most important point is that the super node does not download all the fragments, but randomly selects and downloads some fragments. This is to avoid super nodes and ordinary user nodes competing for bandwidth.
  • the super node has only partial fragmentation, if the number of super nodes is enough, all the super nodes will have all the fragments, and each super node repeatedly uploads and shares the parts it owns, thus effectively making up the network. Insufficient upload bandwidth.
  • the common user node determines whether the NAT type is a male NAT or a symmetric NAT by using the interactive information. If it is a cone NAT, go to step 403. If it is a symmetric NAT, go to step 404.
  • the normal user node obtains its public IP address and port number from the super node's STUN Server, and registers with the tracker by using the public network IP address and port number, so that other user nodes (including other user nodes)
  • the normal user node and the super node can access the common user node through the public IP address and port number advertised by the common user node, and directly perform P2P transmission, and the process ends.
  • the normal user node selects one or more super nodes and registers with it, requests the selected super node to register as a proxy to the Tracker, and the super node registers with its own public IP address. Subsequently, the ordinary user node forwards and downloads the file through the super node proxy, and the super node acts as a NAT traversal TURN Server.
  • the following provides a structure of a user node that can be used as a super node according to an embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes:
  • the super node registration module detects that the user node has a condition of becoming a super node, and registers with the tracker as a super node;
  • the fragmentation application processing module after receiving the request for the application fragment sent by the ordinary user node, checking whether the fragment of the ordinary user application is stored, and if so, uploading the stored fragment for the ordinary user.
  • the node is shared, and the fragment of the common user request is applied to the other super node or the common user node, and then the obtained fragment is uploaded for sharing by the common user node.
  • the NAT type judging module detects that the user node is a private network user node, and determines whether the NAT type of the user node is a male NAT or a symmetric NAT, and sends the judgment result to the registration module;
  • the registration module receives the judgment result sent by the NAT type judgment module. If the result is a male NAT, the requesting super node allocates a public network IP address and a port number to the user node, and uses the public network IP address and port number to Tracker registration; if the result is symmetric NAT, register with at least one super node, requesting the super node to register with the tracker as a proxy of the user node.
  • the STUN server function module is configured to allocate a public network IP address and a port number to the user node of the tapered NAT private network, so that the private network user node registers with the tracker by using the public network IP address and port number;
  • TURN server function module used as a proxy for the symmetric NAT private network user node to register with the tracker.
  • the embodiment of the present invention adopts a user node with certain conditions as a super node, and these super nodes act as STUN Server (STUN Server) or TURN.
  • the role of the server (the TURN server) is to coordinate the transit function for the private network user node to traverse the NAT.
  • the super node provides the upload service when the download node does not have the download requirement, and compensates the upload rate through the upload service provided by the super node.
  • a small technical solution that enables the upload rate to meet the download rate requirement can assist the private network user node behind the NAT to traverse the NAT to implement P2P transmission.
  • the overall sharing rate in the uplink and downlink rate asymmetric network is solved. The problem of minimum rate limiting makes real-time P2P commercial applications with higher bandwidth requirements possible.

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Description

点到点内容共享的方法、 系统及节点
技术领域
本发明属于互联网技术领域， 尤其涉及互联网中内容共享的技术。 发明背景
传统的互联网采用客户机 /服务器方式， 使用网站上集中的服务器， 但互连网的发展趋势将由集中式走向分布式， 集中的服务器将变成分布 式的， 如 P2P ( Peer to Peer, 点对点 )技术。
P2P技术将许多用户结合成一个网络， 共享其中的带宽， 共同处理 其中的信息。 与传统的客户机 /服务器模式不同， P2P工作方式中， 每一 个客户终端既是客户机又是服务器。
P2P共享下载是目前比较通用的下载模式， 全球每天都有数以千万 计的网民用 BT ( Bit Torrent, 比特洪流 )软件下载整部电影、 MP3和大 型软件等， 其数据流量已占全球因特网总数据流量的 70%以上。 在共享 下载的流程中， 下载同一个文件的众多用户中的每一个用户终端只需要 下载文件的一个片段，然后互相交换，最终每个用户都得到完整的文件。
目前的 P2P共享下载方式中， BT的应用较为广泛。 BT的网络模型 如图 1所示， 包括： 放置后缀为. torrent文件的服务器 Webserver (网络 服务器）， 负责用户相互发现的服务器 Tracker (追踪者）， 普通用户 ( User )。
BT共享下载的实现过程具体包括如下的步骤：
1、 希望将内容共享出去的用户将后缀为. torrent文件发布在普通的 Webserver上，该文件包含共享文件的长度、名字、哈希信息以及 Tracker 的 URL (全球统一资源标识符）等。 2、 希望得到共享内容的用户从普通网站 Webserver下载 .torrent文 件得到 Tracker的 URL。
3、 用户 （包括希望将内容共享出去的用户和希望得到共享内容的 用户）和 Tracker进行通信， 报告自己在线并从 Tracker得到其它 peers
(指希望将内容共享出去的用户和希望得到共享内容的用户） 的列表。
4、 拥有完整文件的 Peer称为种子， 希望将文件共享出去的用户将 文件分成很多片， 以适合分片共享。
5、 各个 Peers相互联系进行文件共享， 每个 Peer都从其它的 Peer 申请自己想要的分片，同时也向其它向自己发出申请的 Peer分发自己已 有的分片。
6、 当所有的文件内容下载完成后， 退出整个共享流程。
从上面的 BT共享流程可以看出， 用于 BT共享的 P2P网络是一种 典型的 "人人为我， 我为人人"的网络， 充分共享了各个用户的资源。 但 是在这个网络里， 正是由于真正的"人人平等"， 没有人愿意"义务"地多 做一些额外的工作，使得这种网络具有一定的局限性，主要有以下两点：
1、 当两个用户都在 NAT ( Network Address Transition , 网络地址转 换 )后面的时候， 用户的地址是私网地址， 用户的私网地址从外部是无 法直接访问的， 想要直接访问私网中的设备， 需要采用 STUN ( Simple Traversal of UDP Through Network Address Translators, UDP对 NAT的简 单穿越方式）或者 TURN ( Traversal Using Relay NAT, 通过 Relay方式 穿越 NAT ) 的机制， 目前的 BT网络中没有相应的单元协调完成这项工 作， 无法实现 P2P的直接访问；
2、 当网络本身是一种非对称网络的时候，整体的共享访问速率受其 中最小的速率的限制， 如 ADSL (非对称数字用户线） 网络中， 典型的 下行速率 8M, 上行速率 512K, 单纯从某一个用户来看， 由于可能有其 它的多个用户同时为其提供上传服务， 所以即使每个用户的上传速率不 够快， 多个加起来以后也可以满足一个用户的高速下载， 但是如果考虑 整个网络的情况， 在完全 P2P的情况下， 上传的总速率必然和下载的总 速率相等， 所以即使下行带宽很宽， 由于受上行速率的限制， 用户平均 的下载速率也只能是网络上传的平均速率。 发明内容
本发明实施例的目的在于提供 P2P内容共享的方法、 系统及节点， 旨在解决现有技术中存在的私网用户节点不能实现 P2P共享、 以及 P2P 共享访问速率受上行或者下行速率中较小速率限制的问题。
为实现上述目的， 本发明实施例采用如下的技术方案：
一种 P2P内容共享的方法， 在用户节点中选择超级节点， 包括如下 步骤：
超级节点接收到普通用户节点发来的申请分片的请求后， 检查自身 是否存储有所述普通用户申请的分片， 如果有， 则将存储的分片上传， 供所述普通用户节点共享， 否则向其它超级节点或者普通用户节点申请 所述普通用户请求的分片， 然后将获取的所述分片上传， 供所述普通用 户节点共享。
一种 P2P内容共享的系统， 包括追踪者和普通用户节点， 还包括超 级节点， 所述超级节点在自身没有下载需求时， 根据普通用户节点申请 分片的请求将自身存储的所述分片或者从其它超级节点或者普通用户 节点获取的所述分片上传， 供所述普通用户节点共享。
一种可作为超级节点的用户节点， 包括：
超级节点注册模块， 检测到本用户节点具备成为超级节点的条件， 向追踪者注册为超级节点； 分片申请处理模块， 接收普通用户节点发来的申请分片的请求后， 检查自身是否存储有所述普通用户申请的分片， 如果有， 则将存储的分 片上传， 供所述普通用户节点共享， 否则向其它超级节点或者普通用户 节点申请所述普通用户请求的分片， 然后将获取的所述分片上传， 供所 述普通用户节点共享。
一种 P2P内容共享的方法， 在用户节点中选择超级节点， 包括： 私网用户节点通过超级节点分配的公网 IP地址和端口号或者以超 级节点为代理， 将自身拥有的分片上传， 供其它用户节点共享或者从其 它用户节点下载分片。
一种 P2P内容共享的系统， 包括追踪者和普通用户节点， 还包括超 级节点， 所述超级节点用来协助私网用户穿越 NAT, 实现 P2P传输。
一种私网用户节点， 包括：
NAT类型判断模块， 检测到本用户节点为私网用户节点， 判断本用 户节点的 NAT类型是雄形 NAT还是对称 NAT, 将判断结果发送给注册 模块；
注册模块，接收 NAT类型判断模块发来的判断结果， 若该结果是雄 形 NAT, 则请求超级节点为本用户节点分配公网 IP地址和端口号， 并 以该公网 IP地址和端口号向追踪者注册； 若该结果是对称 NAT, 则向 至少一个超级节点注册， 请求该超级节点作为本用户节点的代理向追踪 者注册。
一种超级节点， 包括： STUN服务器功能模块， 用来向锥形 NAT私 网用户节点分配公网 IP地址和端口号， 以便私网用户节点以所述公网 IP地址和端口号向追踪者注册。
一种超级节点， 包括： TURN服务器功能模块， 用来作为对称 NAT 私网用户节点的代理向追踪者注册。 本发明实施例克服现有技术的不足， 采用将具备一定条件的用户节 点作为超级节点， 由这些超级节点为私网用户节点穿越 NAT起到协调 中转的作用， 此外， 超级节点在自身没有下载需求时， 义务地提供上传 服务， 通过超级节点提供的上传服务弥补上传速率过小的不足， 使上传 速率达到下载的速率要求的技术方案， 可以协助在 NAT后面的私网用 户节点穿越 NAT, 实现 P2P传输； 同时， 解决了在上下行速率不对称网 络中整体的共享速率受最小速率限制的问题， 使得带宽要求较高的实时 P2P商业应用成为可能。 附图简要说明
图 1是现有技术中 BT网络架构图；
图 2是本发明实施例中的 BT网络架构图；
图 3是本发明实施例所述的超级节点提供上传服务的流程图； 图 4是本发明实施例所述的超级节点帮助私网用户节点穿越 NAT 的流程图。 实施本发明的方式
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明再作进一步详细的说明。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案是在现有的 BT网络架构中， 将具备 一定条件的用户节点作为超级节点， 由这些超级节点充当 STUN Server ( STUN服务器 )或者 TURN Server ( TURN服务器） 的角色， 为私网 用户节点穿越 NAT起到协调中转的作用， 此外， 超级节点在自身没有 下载需求时， 义务地提供上传服务， 通过超级节点提供的上传服务弥补 上传速率过小的不足， 使上传速率达到下载的速率要求。
为了使本发明实施例的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白， 以下 结合附图及实施例， 对本发明进行进一步详细说明。 应当理解， 此处所 描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明， 并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例的网络架构图如图 2所示， 在现有的 BT网络架构中 引入了超级节点 （Super Node ) , Super Node可以由满足如下条件的普 通用户节点兼任： 具有公网 IP地址， 可以被其它用户节点直接访问； 具 有足够的处理能力； 具有足够的存储空间， 用来存储共享的内容； 具有 足够的带宽。
超级节点除了遵循普通用户节点的所有流程以外， 当它向 Tracker 进行注册的时候要注明自己是超级节点， 这样 Tracker和其它的用户节 点进行信息交互的时候就可以通知哪些节点是超级节点。
因为超级节点没有下载需求， 不关心下载的文件具体是什么， 不会 主动到 webserver上去下载. torrent文件，所以 Tracker的发现机制需要做 相应的修改， 不再是从. torrent文件得到， 而是在每个用户节点中事先预 置 Tracker的 IP地址或域名。 普通用户节点向 Tracker注册成为超级节 点的具体流程如下：
1、 用户节点通过预置的 Tracker IP地址或域名找到 Tracker。
2、 用户节点从 Tracker获取超级节点列表。
3、 超级节点中集成了 STUN Server的功能， 普通用户节点中集成 STUN Client ( STUN客户端） 的功能， STUN Client与 STUN Server通 信， 确定用户节点自己的 IP地址是公网 IP地址还是私网 IP地址， 具体 来说， STUN CLIENT会首先向 STUN SERVER发送探测报文， 报文净 荷（除 IP报头以外） 中会包含有自己的 IP地址， 当报文经过 NAT时， 报头的 IP地址被换成了 NAT的公网 IP地址， 但净荷中的 IP地址没有 改变， 所以当 STUN SERVER收到探测报文时比较报文头的源 IP和净 荷中的 IP地址是否相同， 就知道 STUN CLIENT是否经过了 NAT, 然 后发回给 STUN CLIENT响应报文， 报文净荷中带有其公网 IP地址， 知道自己是否经过了 NAT了。
如果 STUN CLIENT在 NAT后面， STUN SERVER就会通知其它用 户该 STUN CLIENT经过 NAT变换以后的 IP地址和端口号， 其它用户 就可以访问该 STUN CLIENT了。
4、如果用户节点发现自己的 IP地址是公网 IP地址，检查自己的处 理能力、 存储空间、 带宽等， 看是否满足超级节点的条件， 如果满足则 向 Tracker注册自己为超级节点。
当符合条件的用户节点完成超级节点的注册后， 超级节点在 BT网 络架构中完成两项功能： 一是在自身不下载文件时提供上传服务， 二是 帮助私网地址的用户穿越 NAT。
其中， 超级节点在自身不下载文件时提供上传服务的流程如图 3所 示：
301、 超级节点接收普通用户节点发来的索要分片的请求。
302、 超级节点分析普通用户节点发来的索要分片的要求， 检查自 己是否拥有这些分片， 如果自己不拥有这些分片， 转步骤 3, 否则转步 骤 5。
303、 超级节点随机选取普通用户节点索要的分片中的一些分片向 其它节点 （超级节点或者普通用户节点） 申请。
304、 超级节点从其它节点获取分片， 将获取的分片暂存在自己的 存储空间。
执行完步骤 304后可以执行步骤 305 , 也可以返回步骤 301。
305、 超级节点将存储的分片上传， 共享给向自己申请这些分片的 普通用户节点。 在上述的流程中， 最重要的一点是超级节点并不是下载所有的分 片， 而是随机选择下载部分分片， 这样做是为了避免超级节点和普通用 户节点争抢带宽。 超级节点虽然拥有的只是部分分片， 如果超级节点的 数量足够多， 则所有超级节点加起来将拥有所有的分片， 每个超级节点 反复地上传共享自己拥有的部分， 这样就有效弥补了网络中上传带宽不 足的问题。
超级节点帮助只具有私网地址的普通用户节点穿越 NAT的具体流 程如图 4所示， 具体包括如下步骤：
401、 当普通用户节点发现自己的 IP地址是私网 IP地址时， 和超级 节点的 STUN Server交互信息。
402、 普通用户节点通过交互的信息确定自己的 NAT类型是雄形 NAT还是对称 NAT,如果是锥形 NAT,则转步骤 403,如果是对称 NAT, 转步骤 404。
403、 如果是雄形 NAT, 普通用户节点从超级节点的 STUN Server 获取自己的公网 IP 地址及端口号， 并以该公网 IP 地址及端口号向 Tracker进行注册， 这样其它的用户节点（包括： 普通用户节点和超级节 点）就可以通过该普通用户节点公布的公网 IP地址及端口号访问到该普 通用户节点， 并直接进行 P2P传输， 本流程结束。
404、如果是对称 NAT, 该普通用户节点选择一个或多个超级节点， 并向其注册， 请求所选择的超级节点作为代理向 Tracker去注册， 超级 节点注册时用的是自己的公网 IP地址，后续该普通用户节点无论是上传 和下载文件都通过该超级节点代理转发， 超级节点作为 NAT 穿越的 TURN Server。
以下给出本发明实施例提供的可作为超级节点的用户节点的结构， 其主要包括： 超级节点注册模块； 检测到本用户节点具有成为超级节点的条件， 向追踪者注册为超级节点；
分片申请处理模块： 接收普通用户节点发来的申请分片的请求后， 检查自身是否存储有所述普通用户申请的分片， 如果有， 则将存储的分 片上传， 供所述普通用户节点共享， 否则向其它超级节点或者普通用户 节点申请所述普通用户请求的分片， 然后将获取的所述分片上传， 供所 述普通用户节点共享。
以下给出本发明实施例提供的私网用户节点的结构， 其主要包括：
NAT类型判断模块： 检测到本用户节点为私网用户节点， 判断本用 户节点的 NAT类型是雄形 NAT还是对称 NAT, 将判断结果发送给注册 模块；
注册模块：接收 NAT类型判断模块发来的判断结果， 若该结果是雄 形 NAT, 则请求超级节点为本用户节点分配公网 IP地址和端口号， 并 以该公网 IP地址和端口号向追踪者注册； 若该结果是对称 NAT, 则向 至少一个超级节点注册， 请求该超级节点作为本用户节点的代理向追踪 者注册。
以下给出本发明实施例提供的可帮助私网用户节点穿越 NAT 的超 级节点的结构， 其主要包括：
STUN服务器功能模块：用来向锥形 NAT私网用户节点分配公网 IP 地址和端口号，以便私网用户节点以所述公网 IP地址和端口号向追踪者 注册；
TURN服务器功能模块：用来作为对称 NAT私网用户节点的代理向 追踪者注册。
如上所述， 本发明实施例采用将具备一定条件的用户节点作为超级 节点， 由这些超级节点充当 STUN Server ( STUN服务器）或者 TURN Server ( TURN服务器）的角色， 为私网用户节点穿越 NAT起到协调中 转的作用， 此外， 超级节点在自身没有下载需求时， 义务地提供上传服 务， 通过超级节点提供的上传服务弥补上传速率过小的不足， 使上传速 率达到下载的速率要求的技术方案， 可以协助在 NAT后面的私网用户 节点穿越 NAT, 实现 P2P传输； 同时， 解决了在上下行速率不对称网络 中整体的共享速率受最小速率限制的问题， 使得带宽要求较高的实时 P2P商业应用成为可能。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已， 并不用以限制本发明， 凡 在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、 等同替换和改进等， 均应 包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种点到点 P2P 内容共享的方法， 其特征在于， 在用户节点中 选择超级节点， 所述方法包括如下步骤：
超级节点接收到普通用户节点发来的申请分片的请求后， 检查自身 是否存储有所述普通用户申请的分片， 如果有， 则将存储的分片上传， 供所述普通用户节点共享， 否则向其它超级节点或者普通用户节点申请 所述普通用户请求的分片， 然后将获取的所述分片上传， 供所述普通用 户节点共享。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述在用户节点中 选择超级节点包括：
具有公网 IP地址的用户节点向追踪者注册为所述超级节点。
3、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点接收 普通用户节点发来的申请分片的请求之前进一步包括：
普通用户节点从追踪者获取超级节点列表， 向超级节点列表中的至 少一个超级节点发送申请分片的请求；
所述超级节点向其它超级节点或者普通用户节点申请所述普通用 户请求的分片包括： 超级节点随机选取所述普通用户申请分片中的一部 分向其它超级节点或者普通用户节点申请。
4、 一种 P2P 内容共享的系统， 所述系统包括追踪者和普通用户节 点， 其特征在于， 所述系统还包括超级节点， 所述超级节点在自身没有 下载需求时， 根据普通用户节点申请分片的请求将自身存储的所述分片 或者从其它超级节点或者普通用户节点获取的所述分片上传， 供所述普 通用户节点共享。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点为具 有公网 IP地址的用户节点。
6、 一种可作为超级节点的用户节点， 其特征在于， 所述用户节点 包括：
超级节点注册模块， 检测到本用户节点具备成为超级节点的条件， 向追踪者注册为超级节点；
分片申请处理模块， 接收普通用户节点发来的申请分片的请求后， 检查自身是否存储有所述普通用户申请的分片， 如果有， 则将存储的分 片上传， 供所述普通用户节点共享， 否则向其它超级节点或者普通用户 节点申请所述普通用户请求的分片， 然后将获取的所述分片上传， 供所 述普通用户节点共享。
7、 一种点到点 P2P 内容共享的方法， 其特征在于， 在用户节点中 选择超级节点， 所述方法包括：
私网用户节点通过超级节点分配的公网 IP地址和端口号或者以超 级节点为代理， 将自身拥有的分片上传， 供其它用户节点共享或者从其 它用户节点下载分片。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述私网用户节点 将自身拥有的分片上传之前进一步包括：
具有公网 IP地址的用户节点向追踪者注册为所述超级节点，所述私 网用户节点与所述超级节点交互， 确定自身的网络地址转换 NAT为锥 形 NAT , 从所述超级节点获取所述公网 IP地址和端口号， 然后以所述 公网 IP地址和端口号向所述追踪者注册。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述私网用户节点 将自身拥有的分片上传之前进一步包括：
具有公网 IP地址的用户节点向追踪者注册为所述超级节点，所述私 网用户节点与所述超级节点交互， 确定自身的 NAT为对称 NAT, 所述 私网用户节点请求所述超级节点作为代理向所述追踪者注册， 所述超级 节点以自身的公网 IP地址向所述追踪者注册。
10、 一种 P2P内容共享的系统， 所述系统包括追踪者和普通用户节 点， 其特征在于， 所述系统还包括超级节点， 所述超级节点用来协助私 网用户穿越 NAT, 实现 P2P传输。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点还 包括 UDP对 NAT的筒单穿越方式 STUN服务器功能模块， 用来向锥形 NAT私网用户分配公网 IP地址和端口号， 所述私网用户以所述公网 IP 地址和端口号向追踪者注册。
12、根据权利要求 10所述的系统， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点还包 括通过 Relay方式穿越 NAT TURN服务器功能模块，用来作为对称 NAT 私网用户的代理向追踪者注册。
13、 一种私网用户节点， 其特征在于， 所述私网用户节点包括： NAT类型判断模块， 检测到本用户节点为私网用户节点， 判断本用 户节点的 NAT类型是雄形 NAT还是对称 NAT, 将判断结果发送给注册 模块；
注册模块，接收 NAT类型判断模块发来的判断结果， 若该结果是雄 形 NAT, 则请求超级节点为本用户节点分配公网 IP地址和端口号， 并 以该公网 IP地址和端口号向追踪者注册； 若该结果是对称 NAT, 则向 至少一个超级节点注册， 请求该超级节点作为本用户节点的代理向追踪 者注册。
14、 一种超级节点， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点包括： STUN服务 器功能模块，用来向锥形 NAT私网用户节点分配公网 IP地址和端口号， 以便私网用户节点以所述公网 IP地址和端口号向追踪者注册。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的超级节点， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点 进一步包括：
TURN服务器功能模块，用来作为对称 NAT私网用户节点的代理向 追踪者注册。
16、 一种超级节点， 其特征在于， 所述超级节点包括： TURN服务 器功能模块， 用来作为对称 NAT私网用户节点的代理向追踪者注册。
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