WO2008109929A1 - Contrôle distant d'objets immergés - Google Patents

Contrôle distant d'objets immergés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008109929A1
WO2008109929A1 PCT/AU2008/000305 AU2008000305W WO2008109929A1 WO 2008109929 A1 WO2008109929 A1 WO 2008109929A1 AU 2008000305 W AU2008000305 W AU 2008000305W WO 2008109929 A1 WO2008109929 A1 WO 2008109929A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data
transmission
sensing nodes
sensing
data sensing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2008/000305
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Cameron Tarbotton
Simon Allen
Matthew Dunbabin
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007901245A external-priority patent/AU2007901245A0/en
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Publication of WO2008109929A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008109929A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/02—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of remote monitoring, and, in particular, discloses a system allowing for remote monitoring of undersea pipelines or the like using localised power generation sources.
  • JP2000321361-A considers a subterranean pipe monitoring system that uses thermo electric device to charge a battery and to provide power for a wireless communication and sensors.
  • Underwater RF communications are considered in WO2001195529-A, which considers through water communication between underwater bodies, by way of example between an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and sensors.
  • UAV autonomous underwater vehicle
  • Radio -frequency identification (RFID) sensors are considered in Japanese patent
  • JP2003139271-A where a passive RFID tag containing pipeline and valve-opening degree information is embedded within the valve itself.
  • United States patent application US 2005/0176373-Al also considers an advanced capability RFID system in which a microcontroller is capable of reading external sensors in both a passive and active case.
  • Japanese patent JP20051811111-A also claims the use of RFID tags placed on buried pipes, wire or optic fibre cables. These RFID tags contain information about the element it is attached to.
  • United States Patent US 6,995,677 describes a remote sensing system. This system includes remote RF communications and attachment methods. They also claim the use of pigs to interrogate the sensor nodes. The arrangement of US 6,995,677 has a significant number of disadvantages when operating in a sub-sea environment as conventional RF transmissions may not properly operate in such environments.
  • the remote monitoring device is able to remotely and wirelessly monitor the remote equipment such as a sub-sea oil and gas pipeline and down-hole well for a set of parameters which include, but not limited to, temperature and pressure.
  • a system for monitoring conditions in a remote environment comprising: a data transmission network including a plurality of data sensing nodes, wherein each data sensing node includes: an environment sensing means for periodically sensing the environment around the node; a transmission means for periodic wireless transmission of sensed data to adjacent data sensing nodes; the adjacent data sensing nodes combining their sensed data with the received data from other data sensing nodes and on transmitting the combined data.
  • the system further comprises a mobile data reception apparatus intermittently coming into transmission range of the transmission means of a data sensing node and receiving a transmission of sensor data information from multiple data sensing nodes.
  • the transmission means preferably transmits via one of radio frequency transmission or acoustic transmission.
  • the data sensing nodes are preferably placed on the seabed or on an underwater structure.
  • a pipeline to monitor the pipeline environment.
  • the data sensing nodes are preferably placed along a pipeline and monitor the pipeline environment through electromagnetically exciting the pipeline with the sensing nodes.
  • each of the data sensing nodes may also be implanted in marine life such as fish
  • the data sensing nodes are preferably driven by an electrical current supply derived from temperature differences surrounding the data sensing nodes.
  • the temperature characteristics of a structure to which a sensing device can be attached can be inferred from the amount of energy extracted from the electrical current supply.
  • the energy extraction mechanism can preferably further include one of: tidal, biological or solar energy extraction.
  • a system for monitoring conditions in a remote underwater environment comprising: at least one data sensing node, the data sensing nodes including an environment sensing means for periodically sensing the environment around a node and a transmission means for underwater periodic wireless transmission of the sensed data to a mobile underwater data reception apparatus; and a mobile underwater data reception apparatus intermittently coming into the transmission range of the transmission means of at least one data sensing node and receiving a transmission of sensor data information from at least one data sensing node.
  • This system preferably further comprises: a data transmission network including a series of interconnected data sensing nodes, the interconnected data sensing nodes including: environment sensing means for periodically sensing the environment around a node; transmission means for periodically wireless transmission of the sensed data to adjacent data sensing nodes; the adjacent data sensing nodes combining their sensed data with the received data from other data sensing nodes and on transmitting the combined data.
  • a data transmission network including a series of interconnected data sensing nodes, the interconnected data sensing nodes including: environment sensing means for periodically sensing the environment around a node; transmission means for periodically wireless transmission of the sensed data to adjacent data sensing nodes; the adjacent data sensing nodes combining their sensed data with the received data from other data sensing nodes and on transmitting the combined data.
  • a system for monitoring conditions in a remote underwater environment comprising: a data transmission network including a plurality of interconnected data sensing nodes; a mobile underwater data reception apparatus intermittently coming into the transmission range of a first data sensing node and receiving a transmission of sensor data information from the plurality of data sensing nodes; wherein each interconnected data sensing nodes includes: an environment sensing means for periodically sensing a local environmental parameter; and a transmission means for periodical wireless transmission of the sensed data to adjacent data sensing nodes, the adjacent data sensing nodes combining their sensed data with the received data from other data sensing nodes and on transmitting the combined data; wherein the transmission means enables the system to transmits the data substantially along the pipeline such that the sensor data information from the plurality of data sensing nodes can be transmitted from the first data sensing node to the mobile underwater data reception apparatus.
  • the data sensing nodes are preferably placed on the exterior of an underwater structure, and the system monitors conditions within the structure. More preferably, the data sensing nodes are placed along a pipeline and monitor the pipeline environment through electromagnetically exciting the pipeline with the RF sensing nodes.
  • the transmission means preferably transmits via one of radio frequency transmission, electrical transmission or acoustic transmission.
  • data sensing nodes are driven by an electrical current supply derived from any one of: tidal, biological or solar energy extraction.
  • the data sensing nodes are driven by an electrical current supply derived from temperature differences surrounding the data sensing nodes.
  • the temperature characteristics of a structure to which a sensing device is attached is preferably inferred from the amount of energy extracted from the electrical current supply.
  • a system for monitoring conditions in a remote environment including: a data transmission network including a group of data sensing nodes, the group of data sensing nodes including: environment sensing means for periodically sensing the environment around a node; transmission means for periodically wireless transmission of the sensed data to adjacent data sensing nodes; the adjacent data sensing nodes combining their sensed data with the received data from other data sensing nodes and on transmitting the combined data.
  • a system for monitoring conditions in a remote underwater environment comprising: at least one data sensing node, the interconnected data sensing nodes including an environment sensing means for periodically sensing the environment around a node and a transmission means for underwater periodic wireless transmission of the sensed data to a mobile underwater data reception apparatus; and a mobile underwater data reception apparatus intermittently coming into the transmission range of the transmission means of at least one data sensing node and receiving a transmission of sensor data information from at least one data sensing node.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of a single sensor node
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a side perspective view of a single sensor node
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a side perspective view of a series on sensor nodes forming a sensing network, attached to a pipeline.
  • a sensor device 100 (or sensing device) is shown by way of example only.
  • This sensor device 100 includes an antenna 110 for external in water communications, an energy storage device 120, a circuit unit 130, and an energy scavenging device 140.
  • the energy storage device 120 can comprise a battery or super-capacitor type device.
  • the circuit unit 130 can include various electronic devices. These electronic devices 130 can include a very low power microcontroller interconnected to a variety of sensing equipment and to a radio frequency (RF) interface for driving the RF.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the microcontroller preferably implements standard RFID protocols.
  • the energy scavenging device 140 is responsible for acquiring energy from an environment for powering the overall device 100, and can take various forms including a Peltier device and/or a solar panel.
  • the sensor device includes:
  • An energy storage device 120 for providing a system of energy storage.
  • a circuit unit 130 which includes:
  • An energy-scavenging device 140 for providing a system of energy generation.
  • An attachment method An attachment method.
  • these items can be embedded within a single self-contained structure that can withstand extreme pressure of sub-sea operations (e.g. depths of 2km).
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a sensor device 100 that can be attached (or adhered) to a pipeline.
  • the sensor device 100 can be attached, either internally or externally, to a sub-sea structure 310.
  • a series of sensor devices 100 are attached to a sub-sea structure in the form of a pipeline 310. This device draws power from the thermal differences between the pipeline and surrounding water.
  • the sensor devices 100 are attached at regular intervals along the pipeline.
  • a device 330 external (or internal) to the pipeline such as an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) device or a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), can interrogate the sensor devices. It would be appreciated that other devices can interrogate externally mounted sensor devices.
  • ALUV autonomous underwater vehicle
  • ROV remotely operated vehicle
  • the sensor devices can transmit data 340 in the form of a data packet, or packets, containing the collected sensor information as well as a unique ID for that sensor.
  • the sender device can include an RF-tag configured with a unique ID and adapted to transmit the sensor information and unique ID.
  • a modem 320 (for example an acoustic modem) can be used for receiving, transmitting and forwarding data.
  • externally attached RF tags sensor devices 100 can be attached at regular intervals along the pipeline for enabling communication with other nodes 350.
  • a sensing device is capable of communicating with both internal and external interrogation devices.
  • the microcontroller can briefly power the sensors using the on-board energy storage system.
  • the microcontroller then waits for a pre- specified time for transient effects to become negligible to the sensor reading.
  • the microcontroller then takes the sensor reading (either digital or via converting a voltage to a digital signal on the microcontroller) and incorporates the readings into an information packet of predefined protocol.
  • the information packet contains the sensor readings and the sensor device's unique identifying number.
  • the microcontroller then powers the RF transmitters and transmits the information packet using the on-board energy storage to increase the current through the antenna, and ultimately the maximum achievable propagation range.
  • the preferred energy scavenging system utilises the Seebeck effect, which uses the temperature difference between the fluid/gas within the pipe and that of the • surrounding structure to generate charge in a thermoelectric device. If necessary, multiple thermoelectric devices can be connected in series to increase the voltage generated. This generated voltage, once above a threshold, can then be stepped up to a fixed value using power electronics and the charge stored in a number of ways. Energy storage can be on a battery or on a capacitor(s), which can include super- capacitors. Some of this energy is diverted to the microcontroller to which maintains a low-power "sleep" mode for the receiver and is awoken when an interrogation signal is reached.
  • communication is initiated by an RF signal sent by the interrogation device.
  • An RF tag activates and sends the sensor readings as described above which are then received by the interrogation device and decoded based on a predetermined protocol.
  • communication can be achieved by daisy chaining the sensor devices such that the information from one node can be communicated to another device in a single direction along the pipeline.
  • the sensor devices are placed at distances where they can each communicate with at least one other sensor device.
  • a unique signal is sent by an interrogation device and or another sensor device.
  • the sensor device that receives this signal, reads its sensors, generates the information packet containing the unique ID and sensor values and transmits the signal along with the unique interrogation signal.
  • the sensing devices will typically expire its stored energy at the end of the transmission and recharge times are relatively long compared to the time of communication, the node is then rendered ineffective for retransmission.
  • the sent signal is received by the next sensing device along the pipeline where it is activated, reading its sensors.
  • the information is then concatenated to the received signal and resent to the next node in sequence where the process is repeated until the end of the chain is reached or the information is uploaded by another interrogation device.
  • the determination of pipeline temperature is based on the pipe temperature.
  • the measurement of temperature can be by a separate temperature sensor embedded within the sensing device, which is fed into the microcontroller.
  • the determination of the pipeline pressure is based on a strain gauge attached at to surface of the sensing device that is adhered to the pipeline.
  • the strain gauge measures the hoop strain around the pipeline.
  • the strain gauge signal is converted by an ADC circuit and read by the microcontroller, which can apply an algorithm for converting the measured voltage to a differential pressure measurement.
  • the measurement can be temperature compensated using the temperature measured by the method above. As the pipeline is generally at a fixed depth, the hydrostatic pressure remains effectively constant.
  • the sensing devices are capable of receiving data from the interrogation system. If an interrogation device has a reference pressure (for example hydrostatic in the case of an AUV, or internal pipe pressure in the case of a pig), then this value can be sent by the interrogator and can be superimposed (in the microcontroller) to the differential pressure value obtained by the strain gauge to give an estimate of the absolute pressure.
  • a reference pressure for example hydrostatic in the case of an AUV, or internal pipe pressure in the case of a pig
  • a series of sensor devices 100 are attached to a pipeline 310 and draw power from the thermal differences between the pipeline and surrounding water.
  • the sensor devices 100 are attached at regular intervals along the pipeline.
  • the sensor devices 100 can be interrogated by a device 330 external to the pipeline, such as an AUV via communication path 340.
  • the tag returns a packet, or packets, containing the collected sensor information as well as a unique ID for that sensor.
  • sensor devices can be interrogated by a device internal to the pipeline, such as an internal pig.
  • the sensor devices are placed along the pipeline at inter-node distances in which one sensor device is within communication range with at least one other sensor device.
  • one sensor device sends its data to the next sensor device and its data is concatenated with the next sensors data and sent on in set a sequential chain of sensor device reads and transmissions which propagates along the pipeline to a collector (or another interrogator).
  • the device can use RF energy from the interrogation device that impinges the RF antenna of the sensor device 100 to power the device, and thereby enable data to the transmitted back to interrogation device. It would be appreciated that, after a device has sent its information, the device can use this RF energy to charge up its onboard energy storage system, for example until the next interrogation commences.
  • the stored energy can be used to increase the range of data transmission of the device.
  • Further energy for charging can come from thermo- electrical devices e.g. via energy scavenging embedded with the tag with one surface on the pipeline (hot side) and the other with the surrounds (cold side). Other forms of energy scavenging can include biological, solar, chemical or mechanical.
  • the devices can be initially attached to the pipeline at known locations.
  • the returned data includes a unique ID. Therefore, the external device can know its position with respect to the pipeline. This can aid AUV and pig localization and the localizing of faults or areas of interest along the pipeline.
  • the pipeline itself can be used to propagate inter-node communication by means of daisy chain electrical excitation of the pipeline itself.
  • the signal transmitted by an RF device propagates in the material of the pipeline (if it is metal) rather than the seawater itself.
  • the RF signal emitted from a transmitting RF device induces an electric current along the length of the pipe.
  • This current produces its own RF signal around the pipeline, which in turn induces a signal in a receiving RF device further down the pipeline.
  • daisy chaining of communication can be achieved. It would be appreciated that, this arrangement will be dependant on the conductive properties of the pipeline conduit, which can be previously measured and analysed before in situ placement.
  • the signal propagation by pipeline excitation greatly increases the communications range that can be achieved between devices and helps to make daisy-chain communications more robust and reliable.
  • an embodiment of system for monitoring conditions in a remote underwater environment comprising a data transmission network and a mobile underwater data reception apparatus.
  • This data transmission network including a plurality of interconnected data sensing nodes.
  • the mobile underwater data reception apparatus intermittently comes into the transmission range of a first data sensing node and receiving a transmission of sensor data information from the plurality of data sensing nodes.
  • Each interconnected data sensing node includes an environment sensing means for periodically sensing a local environmental parameter; and a transmission means for periodical wireless transmission of the sensed data to adjacent data sensing nodes.
  • the adjacent data sensing nodes combines their sensed data with the received data from other data sensing nodes and on transmitting the combined data.
  • the transmission means enables the system to transmit the data substantially along the pipeline such that the sensor data information from the plurality of data sensing nodes can be transmitted from the first data sensing node to the mobile underwater data reception apparatus.
  • the preferred embodiment of a sensor device enables or provides a number of capabilities including, any one or more of the following:
  • the device is a self-contained integrated wireless device attached to a sub-sea structure (pipeline) for measuring various properties such as (but not limited to) temperature and pressure without through pipe connectors.
  • the device can receive an RF trigger signal from either an external source through an antenna or from an internal clock, and transmits the sensor data one-way via an RF antenna.
  • the device comprises an energy scavenging system, energy storage system, antenna, receiver, CPU (microprocessor), transmitter, sensor interface, sensors, communication software and power electronics.
  • This device is intended to transmit its sensor data over relatively short ranges ( ⁇ 100m), due in part to limited on-board energy storage.
  • This devise can be installed during manufacture and laying of a structure (pipeline), or alternatively attached in situ by adhesive or other forms of coupling such as magnetic.
  • the system can be buried up to a predefined depth.
  • the device allows in situ power generation.
  • the device has an energy scavenging system that generates electrical energy from the environment by extracting thermal energy (from the pipeline), tidal energy, biological energy or solar energy.
  • the device could also be powered from a battery.
  • the energy system can be a hybrid system that can combine RF energy extracted from the second device (like a passive RFID tag) and that of the onboard storage to increase the range of transmitted signal or recharge the device (like an active RFID tag).
  • the device preferably operates in a sleep mode (for power saving) and is awakened by an external or internal trigger to transmit the sensor information in a message packet via the RF antenna.
  • a second device can remotely interrogate and upload information from the first device through electromagnetic radiation (RF).
  • This device could be an AUV, ROV, diver, pig that is within communication range.
  • the individual devices are within communication range on the structure(s), they can form a daisy-chain network operation that sends information from one to another without the need for the AUV, ROV or pig to "mule" the data using their on-board power.
  • an AUV, ROV, diver, or pig can relate this information back to a known position along the pipeline for localisation.
  • the device can be read from inside or outside the pipeline if the pipeline is electrically non-conductive.
  • the recorded sensor data can be used to locate a fault or area of interest in the pipeline that can be located by the ID number of the device.
  • the pressure within the structure can be monitored from a strain gauge or similar device attached to the inside or outside pipeline.
  • the system can use an AUV or pig to calibrate the pressure sensor (strain measurement), if two-way communications is enabled.
  • a system allows temperature and pressure profiles to be obtained at device locations along pipeline and other sub-sea infrastructure.
  • a system allows location of second device (AUV, ROV, pig) with respect to device location with respect to the pipeline.
  • a system allows inter-node communication to pass information in one- direction at a time along the pipeline (as long as they are within range of each other) to a cluster point or to shore.
  • the sensor devices are preferably packaged together into a self contained node and installed during the laying of the pipeline, well or other sub-sea structures.
  • the nodes would be pre-programmed with their ID and operating software to operate and communication with on- board or attached sensors.
  • the attached structure will preferably be electrically non-conductive to allow RF to penetrate into as well as out from the structure. Improved communication range is also achieved using an electrically non-conductive substrate. If the structure is conductive, (e.g. current steel pipelines) then RF propagation is reduced and will not penetrate into or out of the pipe, and choice of appropriate antenna is also required.
  • conductive e.g. current steel pipelines
  • the nodes need to be placed at locations where sufficient temperature differential exists between the structure or fluid and its surrounds, such that sufficient voltage can be generated to charge an energy storage system.
  • node spacing should be such that at least one node can communicate to its neighbour along the chain.
  • the data sensing nodes may also be implanted in marine life such as fish. These marine life are then able to swim about sensing external conditions.
  • Attachment of nodes can be via adhesive, magnetic, mechanical or other coupling either during field development, or via AUV, ROV, divers, or pigs.
  • the sensing devices also actuating a device, instead of just sensing parameters.
  • advantages of the proposed system can include any one or more of the following:
  • Non-destructive sensors and communications (does not need through hole sensors). > Can operate with the pipeline buried (compared with acoustics) up to certain depths. ⁇ Can be made conformal to structures and encapsulated into a single piece without need for pressure housing and connectors. ⁇ Can allow multiple antenna types for different RF propagation patterns.
  • processor may refer to any device or portion of a device that processes electronic data, e.g., from registers and/or memory to transform that electronic data into other electronic data that, e.g., may be stored in registers and/or memory.
  • a "computer” or a “computer system” or a “computing machine” or a “computing platform” may include one or more processors.
  • processors or processors of a processing (Le., computer) system executing instructions (computer-readable code) stored in storage.
  • the invention is not limited to any particular implementation or programming technique and that the invention may be implemented using any appropriate techniques for implementing the functionality described herein. The invention is not limited to any particular programming language or operating system.
  • each of the methods described herein is in the form of a computer-readable carrier medium carrying a set of instructions, e.g., a computer program that are for execution on one or more processors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de contrôle des conditions d'un environnement distant. Le système se compose d'un réseau de transmission de données qui comprend une pluralité de nœuds de détection de données. Chaque nœud de détection de données comprend un moyen de détection d'environnement pour détecter périodiquement l'environnement autour du nœud, un moyen de transmission périodique sans fil des données détectées à des nœuds de détection de données adjacents. Ces nœuds de détection de données adjacents, qui combinent leurs données détectées aux données reçues d'autres nœuds de détection de données, transmettent les données combinées.
PCT/AU2008/000305 2007-03-09 2008-03-07 Contrôle distant d'objets immergés WO2008109929A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007901245 2007-03-09
AU2007901245A AU2007901245A0 (en) 2007-03-09 Remote monitoring of underwater objects

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008109929A1 true WO2008109929A1 (fr) 2008-09-18

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Cited By (8)

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GB2457581A (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-08-26 Mark Rhodes An array of subsea radio modems is distributed on the seabed to provide a radio communications network
WO2015095823A1 (fr) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Indicateur d'écoulement d'oxygène utilisant un éclairement alimenté en énergie par un écoulement
WO2015113303A1 (fr) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur de véhicule
EP2392769A3 (fr) * 2010-05-25 2016-05-25 GE Oil & Gas UK Limited Obtention de données à partir d'un composant sous-marin
US9435908B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2016-09-06 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Wireless subsea monitoring and control system
CN107643383A (zh) * 2017-10-25 2018-01-30 沈阳大学 一种水体质量监测装置
US9905124B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2018-02-27 Rolls-Royce Plc Wireless communication system
US10967205B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2021-04-06 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Oxygen flow indicator using flow-powered illumination

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WO2004013597A2 (fr) * 2002-08-01 2004-02-12 Baker Hughes Incorporated Procede destine a reguler des depots sur la surface interne d'un pipeline
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2457581B (en) * 2008-02-25 2012-11-28 Wfs Technologies Ltd Shallow water radio communications network
GB2457581A (en) * 2008-02-25 2009-08-26 Mark Rhodes An array of subsea radio modems is distributed on the seabed to provide a radio communications network
US9435908B2 (en) 2009-04-01 2016-09-06 Fmc Technologies, Inc. Wireless subsea monitoring and control system
EP2392769A3 (fr) * 2010-05-25 2016-05-25 GE Oil & Gas UK Limited Obtention de données à partir d'un composant sous-marin
US9803444B2 (en) 2010-05-25 2017-10-31 Ge Oil & Gas Uk Limited Obtaining data from an underwater component
US10016632B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2018-07-10 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Oxygen flow indicator using flow-powered illumination
WO2015095823A1 (fr) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Indicateur d'écoulement d'oxygène utilisant un éclairement alimenté en énergie par un écoulement
CN105940308A (zh) * 2013-12-20 2016-09-14 Be航天公司 使用流动供电照明的氧气流动指示器
US10967205B2 (en) 2013-12-20 2021-04-06 B/E Aerospace, Inc. Oxygen flow indicator using flow-powered illumination
WO2015113303A1 (fr) * 2014-01-30 2015-08-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Détecteur de véhicule
US9905124B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2018-02-27 Rolls-Royce Plc Wireless communication system
EP2961087B1 (fr) * 2014-06-26 2018-09-19 Rolls-Royce plc Propulseur marin comprenant un système de communication sans fil
CN107643383A (zh) * 2017-10-25 2018-01-30 沈阳大学 一种水体质量监测装置

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