WO2008105671A1

WO2008105671A1 - Shoulder stability brace

Info

Publication number: WO2008105671A1
Application number: PCT/NZ2008/000029
Authority: WO
Inventors: Margaret Kathleen Olds
Original assignee: Margaret Kathleen Olds
Priority date: 2007-02-27
Filing date: 2008-02-26
Publication date: 2008-09-04

Abstract

This invention relates to a shoulder stability brace, including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and at least two supporting straps. The supporting straps can be configured to provide support to an anterior instability of a shoulder joint, a multi-directional instability, or an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint.

Description

SHOULDER STABILITY BRACE

STATEMENT OF CORRESPONDING APPLICATIONS

This application is based on the provisional specification filed in relation to New Zealand Patent Application Number 553496, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a shoulder stability brace. More specifically, the invention relates to a stability brace which when worn, provides support to an anterior instability, a multi-directional instability or an inferior instability in a human shoulder joint.

BACKGROUND ART

The human shoulder is a complex joint that consists of a large number of muscles and tendons, which allow the shoulder joint to comfortably move in a range of directions. The shoulder joint is commonly known as a ball and socket joint formed by the humeral head (a portion of the humerus bone) and the glenoid respectively. The humeral head is held in the glenoid socket by a number of muscles and tendons termed the 'rotator cuff. Each muscle within the rotator cuff has its own specific function. These muscles also work together by co-contracting to provide stability of the glenohumeral or shoulder joint.

The main muscles (and respective tendons) of the rotator cuff are: • The subscapularis muscle, which is located on the anterior side of the shoulder.

The subscapularis muscle moves the arm by turning it inward (i.e. internal rotation);

• The supraspinatus muscle, which is located on the superior side of the shoulder and is responsible for elevating the arm and moving it away from the body (i.e. an abductor muscle); • The infraspinatus muscle, which assists in lifting of the arm when the arm is turned outward (to create an external rotation); and

• The teres minor muscle, which also helps in outward turning of the arm (also an external rotation). Both infraspinatus and teres muscles are located at the posterior side of the shoulder. A large number of other muscles, tendons and bones are also indirectly involved with shoulder movement and stability. The acromion (which is a projection from the shoulder blade or scapula) forms a roof over the shoulder joint. Attached to the acromion is the clavicle, to form the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ).

There are a number of different types of injuries the shoulder muscle(s) and/or tendon(s) can endure. These may include a micro-tear, tendinopathy, bursitis, a partial tear or complete tear in the muscle and/or tendon or a tear of the tendon from the bone. These injuries are commonly caused from trauma, degradation or inflammation of the muscle(s) and/or tendon(s) due to a number of stresses such as repetitive overuse of the muscle(s) or a fall or knock to the shoulder joint.

Treatment of these injuries generally depends on the severity of the injury. One treatment, to assist in the rehabilitation of the shoulder is to stabilise the shoulder. Several stabilisation methods may be used to provide sufficient support to the joint to prevent further injury and/or to limit the range of movement of the shoulder joint.

A common method for providing stability to a shoulder joint is by taping the shoulder with sports tape in a manner specific to the shoulder injury. The tape holds the injured muscles in place and provides initial support during the healing process. Taping an injured shoulder does not alter the healing process, but only assists in holding the joint in place while healing occurs. Further, strapping with tape is not always ideal as a suitably trained individual is usually required to position the tape rather than a lay person or the injured person. This may be costly in both time and monetary expense, as the injured person may have to repeatedly visit a physiotherapist for example to re-tape the joint. Tape is also not able to be used for some individuals who have sensitive skin. Tape only provides sufficient support for particular types of injuries. Tape also has a time effect and only actually restrains a joint for a certain time period until the tape stretches, which is approximately 2-3 hours.

An alternative support method includes use of a sling. One drawback of a sling is that this method provides only a limited amount of support to the shoulder joint and may not be sufficient for stabilising the joint in more serious injuries. A number of patents and patent applications, such as US 1 ,991,677, US 5,358,470, US 3,433,221 and US 4716,895 describe variations on the common sling to provide further support via the use of straps. However, these variations and modifications to the common sling can be hard to use and do not always provide the specific stabilisation desired in terms of direction of movement allowed and degree of support. In addition, if the modified slings or conventional sling is worn for extended periods of time, the straps and/or sling may become uncomfortable, for example, slings can pull on the neck causing neck pain. Additionally, the sling may require regular and sometimes difficult or complicated adjustment. The straps may even affect circulation and potentially influence the healing process or even cause further damage to the shoulder joint. Slings are also impractical for athletes who require additional support during exercise or when they play a game.

Shoulder specific braces are another method physiotherapists use to provide support to an injured shoulder joint during the healing process. These are useful to provide a more specific support or stabilisation for the shoulder, particularly if the individual has just recently recovered from a more serious shoulder injury. There are a number of different configurations of shoulder braces available on the market. Some braces use a sleeve that fits around the injured shoulder and/or arm, such as the Single Shoulder Brace, by Thermoskin™ or the Sport Shoulder Brace, the Platinum Shoulder Brace or the Platinum Ext. Shoulder Brace from Therion^®. Other designs, such as EVS SB03 Shoulder Brace, or those described in US Patent No's US 2,980,426, US 5,403,268 or US 4,598,703 utilise one or more straps that may attach to a portion of the brace in order to hold the shoulder joint into position. Other configurations of shoulder brace which are also available on the market comprise of a series of strap(s). For example the Shoulder Brace and Shoulder Brace with Harness from Eastern Orthopaedics, the Push Med Shoulder Brace or the BREG Shoulder Stabilizer or those described in US Patent No's 4,905,713, US 4,188,944 and US 4,610,244.

A number of shoulder braces, such as those described in US patent No's 5,628,725, US 6,106,493 and US 4,735,198 describe complex shoulder braces that involve the use of a number of straps along with a sleeve and body portion. One disadvantage with these forms of braces is that braces described in the above patents use a large number of straps to support the shoulder joint increasing potential for discomfort and comprising the ease of use of the shoulder strap. This may also be uncomfortable for the user, particularly if the brace is worn for a longer duration. It should be appreciated that it would be useful to have a shoulder brace that is easy to use, provides sufficient support to an instability in a shoulder joint, and also provides the user with sufficient amount of movement in the supported shoulder joint.

It is an object of the present invention to address the foregoing problems or at least to provide the public with a useful choice. All references, including any patents or patent applications cited in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference. No admission is made that any reference constitutes prior art. The discussion of the references states what their authors assert, and the applicants reserve the right to challenge the accuracy and pertinency of the cited documents. It will be clearly understood that, although a number of prior art publications are referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that any of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art, in New Zealand or in any other country. It is acknowledged that the term 'comprise' may, under varying jurisdictions, be attributed with either an exclusive or an inclusive meaning. For the purpose of this specification, and unless otherwise noted, the term 'comprise' shall have an inclusive meaning - i.e. that it will be taken to mean an inclusion of not only the listed components it directly references, but also other non-specified components or elements. This rationale will also be used when the term 'comprised' or 'comprising' is used in relation to one or more steps in a method or process.

Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION The inventor of the present invention has developed a shoulder stability brace which supports the shoulder joints and muscles and/or provides increased stability to the shoulder joint by lifting the shoulder to technically realign the shoulder joint by lifting the humerus or realigning the humerus into the glenoid fossa, and restricting movement of the arm in various directions. Additionally, the shoulder stability brace has also been designed to provide an increase in proprioceptive awareness, to increase the wearer's confidence when the users' treatment leads to use of the brace without the straps.

The term 'shoulder joint' refers to the glenohumeral joint humeral head and the glenoid, along with the associated muscles and tendons, as outlined above.

The term "attachment means" refers to a suitable means of fastening or connecting two ends of material together. For example, an attachment means or fastener may include, zips, buttons, at least one hook and at least one loop fastener, or buckles, or combinations thereof. It should also be appreciated that other suitable types of attachment means exist and may be used in the present invention.

The shoulder stability brace has at least two straps that are configured to support a variety of instabilities in the shoulder joint.

One type of support that the present invention may provide is support to an anterior instability in the shoulder joint. It should be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that this type of configuration is useful to restrict anterior movement of the humeral head. In this embodiment, one strap (referred to as Strap A) may be positioned to sit across and apply pressure to the humeral head which in turn provides posterior translation. Another strap (referred to as Strap B) may be positioned to restrict any abduction and external rotation. This configuration may also be useful for shoulders which have impingement of tendons or bursa, or for shoulders that are at increased risk of anterior subluxation or dislocation.

The two straps may also be configured to support an inferior or neurological instability in the shoulder joint. This configuration prevents the humeral head from translating inferiorly from the glenoid as well as providing stability to the anterior and posterior of the shoulder joint. In this embodiment, one strap (Strap A) may be positioned to sit anterior to the humeral head, while another strap (Strap B) may be positioned across the posterior of the humeral head.

According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; - a shoulder portion; - an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an anterior instability of a shoulder joint by: one strap (Strap A) being positioned across the humeral head of the shoulder joint, to apply pressure to the humeral head which in turn provides posterior translation of the humeral head; a second strap (Strap B) being positioned to restrict any abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint.

Preferably, the configuration of Strap A may be positioned to sit across the humeral head, by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap A on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder joint to be supported;

(ii) wrapping the strap under the arm to cross over to the anterior side of the humeral head of the arm; (iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the front shoulder joint to be supported; (iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap A on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap A in step (i) may be secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap A in step (iii) may be crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force applied to the anterior aspect of the humerus.

Preferably, Strap A may have an attachment means secured on the side of the strap, allowing the strap to be secured in position, against the humeral head of the shoulder to be supported, as indicated in step (a) (ii).

Preferably, the configuration of Strap B may be positioned to restrict any abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint, by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the lateral side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported; (ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before being brought along the front of the arm, up to the top of the arm;

(iii) once the strap reaches the top of the arm, the strap is brought down across the anterior side of the torso; and,

(iv) fastening the second distal end of Strap B to the posterior side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported, next to the second distal end of Strap A.

Preferably, Strap B in step (ii) may be secured part way on the lateral side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap B in step (ii) may be secured part way on the front aspect of the torso on the opposite side to the shoulder to be supported. Preferably, Strap B in step (ii) may wind across the initial part of the Strap B.

According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; - an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an anterior instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of: (i) securing the first distal end of Strap A on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder joint to be supported;

(ii) wrapping the strap under the arm to cross over to the anterior side of the humeral head of the arm;

(iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the front shoulder joint to be supported;

(iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap A on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported; and,

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of: (i) securing the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the lateral side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported;

(ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before being brought along the front of the arm, up to the top of the arm;

Preferably, Strap A in step (i) may be secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported. Preferably, Strap A in step (iii) may be crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force applied to the anterior aspect of the humerus.

Preferably, Strap A may have an attachment means secured on the side of the strap, allowing the strap to be secured in position, against the humeral head of the injured shoulder, as indicated in step (a) (ii). Preferably, Strap B in step (ii) may be secured part way on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap B in step (ii) may wind across the initial part of the Strap B.

According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: - a torso portion;

- a shoulder portion;

- an arm portion; and,

- at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

- one strap (Strap A) being positioned across the humeral head; and, a second strap (Strap B) being positioned across the posterior of the humeral head. Preferably, Strap A may be positioned as follows:

(i) the first distal end of Strap A is secured on the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching on the opposing side of the torso. Preferably, the first distal end of Strap A in step (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, the strap may be attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

In one embedment Strap B may be as follows: (i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of the shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder; (iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace.

While in another embodiment, Strap B may be positioned as follows:

(iv) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

(v) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be supported;

(vi) the second distal end of Strap B is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, under the opposing shoulder.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap B step (i) may be secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

Preferably, the second distal end of Strap B may be secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the shoulder to be supported. In some embodiments, the strap(s) may be positioned to control the amount of external and/or internal rotation of the injured shoulder.

According to a forth aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; - a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, - at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by: (a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the shoulder; (iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching on the opposing side of the torso; and, (b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported; (ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching on the opposing side of the torso; and, (b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be supported; (iii) the second distal end of Strap B is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, under the opposing shoulder.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap A in step (a) (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap A above may be attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap B in step (b) (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A. Preferably, the second distal end of Strap B above is secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the stabilised shoulder.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; - two shoulder portions;

- two arm portions; and, at least four supporting straps; characterised in that the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders; further characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an anterior instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap A on the inferior-posterior side of a first arm associated with the first shoulder joint to be supported;

(ii) wrapping the strap under the arm to cross over to the anterior side of the humeral head of the first arm;

(iii) wrapping the strap up to the first shoulder joint, to cross over the front of the first shoulder joint;

(iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap A on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the first shoulder to be supported; and, (b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the lateral side of the first arm associated with the first shoulder to be supported;

(ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before being brought along the front of the first.arm, up to the top of the first arm;

(iii) once the strap reaches the top of the first arm, the strap is brought down across the anterior side of the torso; and,

(iv) fastening the second distal end of Strap B to the posterior side of the torso portion, opposing to the first shoulder to be supported, next to the second distal end of Strap A; and,

(c) positioning Strap C by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap C on the inferior-posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder joint to be supported;

(iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the front shoulder joint; (iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap C on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported; and, (d) positioning Strap D by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap D is secured on the lateral side of the second arm associated with the second shoulder to be supported;

(ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before being brought along the front of the second arm, up to the top of the second arm; (iii) once the strap reaches the top of the arm, the strap is brought down across the anterior side of the torso; and,

(iv) fastening the second distal end of Strap D to the posterior side of the torso portion, opposing to the second shoulder to be supported, next to the second distal end of Strap C. Preferably, Strap A and/or Strap C in step (i) may be secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap A and/or Strap C in step (iii) may be crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force.

Preferably, Strap A and/or Strap C may have an attachment means secured on the side of the strap, allowing the strap to be secured in position, against the humeral head of the injured shoulder, as indicated in step (a) (ii).

Preferably, Strap B and/or Strap D in step (ii) may be secured part way on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap B and/or Strap D in step (ii) may wind across the initial part of the Strap A. According to a seventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; two shoulder portions; - two arm portions; and, - at least four supporting straps; characterised in that the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders; further characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on the shoulder joints by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of: (i) the first distal end of Strap A is secured on the anterior side of the first arm corresponding to the first shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the first shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching on the opposing side of the torso; and,

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the first arm corresponding to the first shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of the first shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace; and, (c) positioning Strap C by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap C is secured on the anterior side of the second arm corresponding to the second shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the second shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the second shoulder; (iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap C attaching on the opposing side of the torso; and,

(d) positioning Strap D by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap D is secured on the posterior side of the second arm corresponding to the second shoulder to be supported; (ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of the second shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap D is secured on the brace. Preferably, the first distal end of Strap A and/or Strap C in step (a) (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, Strap A and/or Strap C may be attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap B and/or Strap D in step (b) (i) may be secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

Preferably, the second distal end of Strap B and/or Strap D above is secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the stabilised shoulder

According to an eight aspect of the present invention there is provided a shoulder stability brace including: - a torso portion; two shoulder portions; two arm portions; and, at least four supporting straps; characterised in that the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders; further characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on the shoulder joints by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap A is secured on the anterior side of the first arm corresponding to the first shoulder to be supported; (ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the first shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the first shoulder;

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of: (i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the first arm corresponding to the first shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the first shoulder to be supported;

(iii) the second distal end of Strap B is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, under the opposing shoulder; and

(C) positioning Strap C by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap C is secured on the anterior side of the second arm corresponding to the second shoulder to be supported; (ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the second shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the second shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap C attaching on the opposing side of the torso; and,

(d) positioning Strap D by the steps of: (i) the first distal end of Strap D is secured on the posterior side of the second arm corresponding to the second shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be supported and down over the anterior side of the torso; (iii) the second distal end of Strap D is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso to the anterior aspect of the opposite side of the torso.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap A and/or Strap C in step (a) (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported. Preferably, Strap A and/or Strap C may be attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of stabilising a shoulder with an anterior instability in the shoulder joint by putting on a shoulder stability brace with: a torso portion; - a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; and, (a) positioning the first strap (Strap A) by the steps of:

(iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the shoulder joint; (iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and, (v) securing the second distal end of Strap A on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported;

(b) positioning the second strap (Strap B) by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap B on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder joint to be supported;

(ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before the strap is brought along the front of the arm, up to the top of the arm;

(iii) once the strap reaches the top of the arm, bringing the strap down across the anterior side of the torso; and, (iv) fastening the second distal end of Strap B to the posterior side of the torso portion, opposite to the shoulder to be supported, next to the second distal end of Strap A.

Preferably, Strap A in step (a) (i) may be secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder joint to be supported. Preferably, Strap A in step (a) (iii) may be crossed over with posterior force.

Preferably, Strap B in step (b) (ii) may be secured part way on the anterior side of the arm associated with the injured shoulder joint.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of stabilising a shoulder with an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by putting on a shoulder stability brace with: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; (a) positioning the first strap (Strap A) by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the shoulder; (iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching to the torso; and, (b) positioning the second strap (Strap B) by the steps of:

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace. According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of stabilising a shoulder with an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by putting on a shoulder stability brace with: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; - an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; (a) positioning the first strap (Strap A) by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap A is secured on the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported; (ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching to the torso; and,

(b) positioning the second strap (Strap B) by the steps of: (i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be supported and down over the anterior side of the torso;

(iii) the second distal end of Strap B is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, under the opposing shoulder.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap A step (a) (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

Preferably, the first distal end of Strap B step (b) (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

In some embodiments, the strap(s) may be positioned to control the amount of external and/or internal rotation of the injured shoulder. Preferably, the torso portion of the shoulder stability brace may wrap around a person's torso. Preferably, the torso portion may wrap around the person's upper torso. Preferably, the torso portion may have a fastener located substantially on the centre of the anterior side of the torso portion. In other embodiments, the fastener may be located on the side of the shoulder stability brace, opposing the shoulder joint to be supported.

Preferably, the fastener on the torso portion may be at least one hook and at least one loop fastener that runs along substantially the length of the brace. However, it will be appreciated that other suitable means of fastening or connecting two ends of material together, such as a zip, buttons or buckles may be used.

Preferably, the shoulder portion may encompass at least one shoulder. More preferably, the shoulder portion encases the shoulder that is to be supported and not the other opposing shoulder. In an alternative embodiment, the shoulder stability brace may be configured to encompass both shoulders. In one embodiment, the shoulder stability brace may be constructed with two shoulder portions, with a fastener located on the anterior side of the torso portion.

In another embodiment, the torso portion may have one fastener located on the anterior side of the torso portion and another fastener located on the posterior side of the torso portion. This configuration may allow the user to connect together the shoulder portions taken from two shoulder stability braces, therefore allowing them to support both shoulders.

Preferably, the arm portion or portions fit around the upper arm or arms of the wearer.

Preferably, the arm portion or portions may have at least one fastener that allows the width of an arm portion to be adjusted. In preferred embodiments, the fastener may be a strap. In preferred embodiments, the fastener may have a gusset. It will be appreciated that a number of other mechanisms may be used to adjust the width of the sleeve portion, without departing from the scope of the present invention. It will be further appreciated that the torso portion, the shoulder portion or portions and the arm portion(s) may be suitably configured to form the shoulder stability brace.

It should be appreciated that the material used to construct the shoulder stability brace can be a range of materials. A preferred feature of the material used includes providing traction of the brace on the skin, to prevent the brace from slipping.

In one embodiment, the material used in the torso portion may be a rubber, such as Neoprene™. It is the inventor's experience that this material contributes to the advantages of the present invention, including:

- providing sufficient support to the shoulder joint while providing the user with a small range of movement in the shoulder joint, as well as

- assisting in the ease of putting on and adjusting the brace.

Preferably, other parts of the shoulder brace are also made from a rubber, such as Neoprene™ or of webbing. It should be appreciated that this material may allow the straps to be easily connected to the body portion and remain connected during general wear. In preferred embodiments, the shoulder stability brace may have at least two straps which provide further support and/or prevent movement of the shoulder. In one embodiment, the straps may attach to the torso portion and/or the shoulder portion and/or the sleeve portion of the brace. Preferably, the straps may be releasably attached via various attachments means, such as at least one hook and loop fastener, a suitable buckle or combinations thereof.

In further embodiments, a portion of the straps and/or fasteners may be attached, preferably by stitching, to the torso, shoulder portion and/or arm portion(s) of the shoulder stability brace. It should be appreciated that by having the straps and/or fasteners attached to the shoulder brace, easier accessibility may be provided to the wearer to put the shoulder brace on and fix the straps into their correct position, without additional assistance from another party to fix the straps.

In some embodiments, the shoulder stability brace may have a cushioning pad, made from a range of substances, for example; gel, air, a padded material, fibreglass and combinations thereof. It should be appreciated that the cushioning pad may prevent compression of the arm and/or shoulder and prevent restriction of the blood supply to the particular area.

For example, the shoulder stability brace configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint may have a cushioning pad positioned inside the arm portion to prevent constriction of the neurovascular vessels.

Alternatively, in the embodiment where the shoulder stability brace configured to provide restriction to any abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint, a cushioning pad or wedge may be positioned inside the brace to help manipulate the position of the humeral head into a static position.

In a further embodiment, the brace above may be coupled with a further strap for stabilizing the acromioclavicular joint (an ACJ strap). Preferably, the ACJ strap may have an anterior side and a posterior side, which when worn, are positioned on respective sides of the torso. Preferably, each side of the ACJ strap may have at least one fastener which allows the strap to fix in place.

In further preferred embodiments, there may be cushioning that fits substantially on the superior of the shoulder joint, under the length of material used in forming the brace.

It should be appreciated from the above description that preferred embodiments of the present invention may have a number of advantages over the prior art which may include: providing sufficient support to an instability in a shoulder joint; providing the user with a limited and specific range of movement in the supported shoulder joint; and providing a shoulder stability brace that is easy to use with minimal parts and is simple to re-adjust when required.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

Further aspects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description which is given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of the torso and sleeve portion of the present invention;

Figure 2 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of one preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use;

Figure 3 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use;

Figure 5 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 4;

Figure 6 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use;

Figure 7 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 6;

Figure 8 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use; Figure 9 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 8;

Figure 10 shows an elevation view of an alternative embodiment of the torso and sleeve portion of the present invention;

Figure 11 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use;

Figure 12 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 11;

Figure 13 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use; Figure 14 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 13;

Figure 15 shows an elevation view of the anterior side of another preferred embodiment of the present invention, while in use; and,

Figure 16 shows an elevation view of the posterior side of the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 15.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Referring to Figures 1 to 8, there is shown a shoulder stability brace as generally referred to by arrow 100 on a person as indicated by arrow 200.

Referring to Figure 1 , there is a shoulder stability brace 100. The shoulder stability brace 100 consists of a torso portion 11 and a sleeve portion 12. It should be noted herein that reference to a sleeve portion 12 encompasses both the shoulder and arm portions of the shoulder stability brace 100.

The torso portion 11 has a fastener 13 which runs substantially the length of the anterior side of the torso portion 11. The sleeve portion 12 also has a gusset 14. The gusset 14 includes a strap 15 that allows the sleeve portion 12 to fit securely around the arm of the person 200.

To put on the shoulder stability brace 100, the person 200 inserts their arm 210 corresponding to the shoulder to be supported 220 through the sleeve portion 12, in the general direction of arrow 16. The person 200 then pulls the sleeve portion 12 so that the sleeve portion 12 sits comfortably on their shoulder 220. The sleeve portion 12 can then be fastened with the strap 15. The torso portion 11 is then wrapped around the person's torso 230 and fixed in place with the fastening portion, in the form of a hook and loop fastener (or Velcro™) 13.

Figures 2 and 3 show one preferred embodiment of the present invention and both Figures 2 and 3 will now be referred to interchangeably. In this embodiment, the shoulder stability brace 100 is configured to provide support to the shoulder to be supported 220 that has an anterior instability to the humeral head and glenoid. To achieve this support, two straps termed 'Strap A' (as indicated by lines 20a to 2Od) and 'Strap B' (as indicated by lines 21a to 21 d) are positioned. To use the shoulder stability brace 100 to support to an anterior instability of a shoulder (not shown) the shoulder stability brace 100 is first put on substantially as described above. The straps 20 and 21 are then positioned in the torso and sleeve portions (11 and 12 respectively). To achieve this, Strap A 20, is put into place as per the following steps: Initially, the first end of Strap A (as indicated by line 20a on Figure 3) is placed on the posterior side of the sleeve portion 12. The strap 20 is then brought under the arm

210/sleeve portion 12 to the anterior side of the arm 210/sleeve portion 12. The strap is then brought up to shoulder joint 220 (as indicated by line 20b on Figure 2) across the anterior aspect of the humeral head of the injured shoulder and is fixed in place with a strip of Velcro™ (not shown). Strap A 20 is then brought down the posterior side of the torso 230/torso portion 11 (as shown on Figure 3 and indicated by line 20c) to effectively cross over the humeral head of the shoulder joint 220, as indicated by arrow 22. Preferably, this positioning is applied with posterior force, to direct the centre of the humeral head posteriorly. The distal end of Strap A is then secured to the brace 100, as indicated by line 2Od, at the side of the torso portion 11 that is opposite to the injured shoulder. Following the placement of Strap A 20, Strap B 21 is then secured in place. The first end of Strap B is secured on the anterior side of the sleeve portion 12, part way down on the sleeve portion 12 (as indicated by line 21a on Figure 2). The first part of Strap B is positioned so as Strap B 21 is pulled up under the arm 210/sleeve portion 12 and around the posterior of the arm 210/sleeve portion 12, as indicated by line 21b on Figure 3, the Strap B winds around itself. The Strap B 21 is then brought over the top of the arm 210/sleeve portion 12 and down the anterior side of the torso (as indicated by line 21c on Figure 2), to fasten next to the end of Strap A 2Od, on the side to the torso 11 , opposite to the injured shoulder, as indicated by line 21 d on Figure 3. Figures 4 and 5 show another preferred embodiment of the present invention. Both Figures 4 and 5 will now be referred to interchangeably. In this embodiment, the shoulder stability brace 100 provides support to an inferior or neurological instability in the shoulder joint 42. This strap configuration also provides the wearer 200 with extra stability to the anterior or posterior of the joint 42 to prevent the humeral head from translating relative to the glenoid (not shown). Two straps termed 'Strap A' (as indicated by lines 40a to 40d) and 'Strap B' (as indicated by lines 41a to 41d) are configured as outlined below.

First, the shoulder stability brace is put on the user, as described above. Strap A is then positioned in place on the arm 210/sleeve portion 12 and the torso 230/torso portion 11. To achieve this, the first end of Strap A (referred to by line 40a on Figure 4) is fastened on the anterior side of the sleeve portion 12, as shown. Strap A 40 is then run up to the shoulder 42. Strap A 40 is then pulled over the shoulder 42 and down the posterior of the torso (as referred to by line 40b on Figure 5) to position across the humeral head (not shown). Strap A 40b is then attached to the shoulder stability brace by a buckle 43. The tension of Strap A may then be adjusted as required. Strap B is then secured in place on the arm 210/sleeve portion 12 and the torso 230/torso portion 11 as per the following steps. The first end of Strap B 41 is secured in place on the posterior of the sleeve portion 12, as indicated by line 41a on Figure 5. Strap B 41 is brought up to the shoulder 42 and then run across the posterior of the neck 240 to the other shoulder 250; as indicated by line 41b on Figure 5, to be positioned across the posterior of the humeral head (not shown). Strap B 41 is then brought over the top of other shoulder 250, and is run down the anterior side of the torso 230 (as indicated by 41c on Figure 4) to secure at a fastener, in the form of a buckle 44 that is located on the lower part of the shoulder stability brace 100. The tension in Strap B can then be adjusted through the buckle 44 to elevate the arm 210. Figures 6 and 7 show a further preferred embodiment of the shoulder stability brace 100 to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability in the shoulder joint 50. As discussed above, the strap configuration also provides the wearer 200 with extra stability to the anterior or posterior of the joint 50 to prevent the humeral head from translating relative to the glenoid (not shown). Two straps termed 'Strap A' (as indicated by lines 51a to 51b) and 'Strap B' (as indicated by lines 52a to 52b are configured as outlined below.

First, the shoulder stability brace is put on the user, as described above. Strap A is positioned in place on the arm 210/sleeve portion 12 and the torso 230/torso portion 11 as discussed above. Briefly, Strap A (referred to by line 51a on Figure 6) is fastened on the anterior side of the sleeve portion 12. Strap A 51 is passed up to the shoulder 50 and then is pulled over the shoulder 50 and down the posterior of the torso (as referred to by line 51b on Figure 7) to position across the humeral head (not shown). The end of Strap A 51b is then attached to the shoulder stability brace by a buckle 53, where the tension of Strap A may then be adjusted as required. Strap B is then secured in place on the arm 210/sleeve portion 12 and the torso 230/torso portion 11 as per the following steps. The first end of Strap B 41 is secured in place on the posterior of the sleeve portion 12, as indicated by line 52a on Figure 7. Strap B 52 is brought up to the shoulder 50 where the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle (not shown) and humeral head (not shown) of the shoulder 50. As shown in Figure 6, the second distal end of Strap B 52b is brought down across the anterior side of the torso portion 11 and secured on the anterior side of the torso, under the opposing shoulder.

Both Figures 8 and 9 show yet another variation the present invention. In these Figures, a further brace 60 is shown that is positioned across the shoulder 220 of the person 200, who is wearing the shoulder stability brace 100. This brace 60 provides further support to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) (not shown). The brace 60 has an anterior portion that is situated over the anterior side of the shoulder 220, as indicated by line 60a on Figure 6. The brace 60 also has a posterior portion, indicated by line 60b on Figure 7, which is situated over the posterior side of the shoulder 220. A pad 61 is positioned between the shoulder of the shoulder stability brace 11 and the brace 60. When in use, the brace 60 may be worn with or without Straps as described above (shown in to Figures 2, 3, 4 or 5 respectively). Figures 6 and 7 show the brace 60 worn without these additional straps. To wear brace 60, the brace is placed on the shoulder 220 so the middle of the brace 60 is on the shoulder 220. The anterior portion of the brace, 60a and the posterior portion of the brace 60b are then fixed in position to the shoulder stability brace 100 via Velco™ inserts (not shown) attached at the ends.

Figure 10 shows a further variation to the shoulder stability brace 300. The shoulder stability brace 300 includes a torso portion 310 and two sleeve portions 311 and 312 (each with a shoulder portion and arm portion). This variation of the shoulder stability brace includes a fastener 313 on the anterior side of the torso portion 310 that runs substantially the length of the anterior side of the torso portion 310 (shown on Figures 11, 13 and 15) and a fastener 313 on the posterior side of the torso portion 314 that runs substantially the length of the posterior side of the torso portion 314 (shown on Figures 12, 14 and 16). In an alternative embodiment, only one fastener is used on either the anterior or posterior side. In addition, the embodiments of at least Figure 10 and 14 may also include a gusset under one or both arms (not shown).

This variation of the shoulder stability brace 300 is put on in a similar manner to the embodiments described above, with the wearer (not shown) inserting their arms into the sleeve portions 311 and 312 and pulling the sleeve portions up so the shoulder portions to sit comfortably around their shoulders (not shown).

The advantage of this embodiment of the present invention is that it allows the user 200 to provide support to both shoulders, by the use of four separate straps, (A to D) if the user 200 has instabilities in both shoulder joints 60 and 61.

For example, if the user 200 had an anterior instability to the humeral head and glenoid in both shoulders, the shoulder stability brace can be configured with four straps, as shown interchangeably in both Figures 11 and 12. Here 'Strap A' (as indicated by lines 70a to 7Od) and 'Strap B' (as indicated by lines 71a to 71 d) are positioned to support one shoulder 61, while 'Strap C (as indicated by lines 72a to 72d) and 'Strap D' (as indicated by lines 73a to 73d) are positioned to support the other shoulder 60. In this variation, the Straps A and B are positioned on the first shoulder 61 by repeating the steps as shown and described above with reference to Figures 2 and 3. Straps C and D are then positioned on the second shoulder 60 by repeating the same steps, also described above with reference to Figures 2 and 3 but on the other shoulder. It will be appreciated that references 20a to 2Od in Figures 2 and 3 correspond to references 70a to 7Od for Strap A and 72a to 72d for Strap C, while references 21a to 21d in Figures 2 and 3 correspond to references 71a to 71 d for Strap B and 73a to 73d for Strap D.

If the user 200 has an inferior or neurological instability in both shoulder joints 60 and 61 , the shoulder stability brace can be configured to provide the user 200 with extra stability to the anterior or posterior of both shoulder joints 60 and 61, and prevent the humeral heads from translating relative to the glenoids (not shown).This support can be provided as shown interchangeably between Figures 13 and 14, where four straps are positioned on the user's shoulders. For example, 'Strap A' (as indicated by lines 80a to 80b) and 'Strap B' (as indicated by lines 81a to 81c) are positioned on one shoulder 61, while 'Strap C (as indicated by lines 82a to 82b) and 'Strap D' (as indicated by lines 83a to 83c) are positioned on the other shoulder 60.

Straps A and B are positioned on the first shoulder 61 by repeating the steps as shown and described above with reference to Figures 4 and 5. Straps C and D are then positioned on the second shoulder 60 by repeating the same steps as also described above with reference to Figures 4 and 5. It will be appreciated that references 40a to 40b in Figures 4 and 5 correspond to references 80a to 80b for Strap A and 82a to 82b for Strap C₁ while references 41a to 41c in Figures 2 and 3 correspond to references 81a to 81d for Strap B and 83a to 83c for Strap D. , Support to an inferior or neurological instability in both shoulder joints 60 and 61, can also be provided by the Strap configuration as shown in Figures 15 and 16. Here 'Strap A' (as indicated by lines 90a to 90b) and 'Strap B' (as indicated by lines 91a to 91c) are positioned on one shoulder 61 , while 'Strap C (as indicated by lines 92a to 92b) and 'Strap D' (as indicated by lines 93a to 93c) are positioned on the other shoulder 60. Straps A and B are positioned on the first shoulder 61 by repeating the steps as shown and described above with reference to Figures 6 and 7. Straps C and D are then positioned on the second shoulder 60 by repeating the same steps as also described above with reference to Figures 6 and 7. It will be appreciated that references 50a to 50b in Figures 6 and 7correspond to references 90a to 90b for Strap A and 92a to 92b for Strap C₁ while references 51a to 51c in Figures 2 and 3 correspond to references 91a to 91d for Strap B and 93a to 93c for Strap D.

As described there is a shoulder stability brace that is easy to use which still provides sufficient support to an instability in a shoulder joint and minimising the small range of movement possible when used. Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an anterior instability of a shoulder joint by:

- one strap (Strap A) being positioned across the humeral head of the shoulder joint, to apply pressure to the humeral head which in turn provides posterior translation of the humeral head;

- a second strap (Strap B) being positioned to restrict any abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint.

2. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Strap A is positioned to sit across the humeral head, by the steps of:

(iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the front of the shoulder joint to be supported;

(iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

3. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 2, wherein Strap A in step (i), is secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

4. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, wherein Strap A in step (iii) is crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force applied to the anterior aspect of the head of the humerus.

5. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein Strap B is positioned to restrict any abduction and external rotation of the shoulder joint, by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap B on the lateral side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported;

(iii) once the strap reaches the top of the arm, bringing the strap down across the anterior side of the torso; and,

6. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 5, wherein Strap B in step (ii) is secured part way on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

7. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 5 wherein Strap B in step (ii) may be secured part way on the front aspect of the torso on the opposite side to the shoulder to be supported. δ. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 5, wherein Strap B in step (ii) winds across the initial part of Strap B.

9. A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an anterior instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap A on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported;

(ii) wrapping the strap under the arm to cross over to the anterior side of the humeral head of the arm; (iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the front of the shoulder to be supported;

(iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap A on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported, and.

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(iv) fastening the second distal end of Strap B to the posterior side of the torso portion, opposite to the shoulder to be supported, next to the second distal end of Strap A.

10. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 9, wherein Strap A in step (a)(i) is secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

11. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein Strap A in step (a) (iii) is crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force applied to the head of the humerus.

12. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 11 , wherein Strap B in step (b) (ii) is secured on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

13. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 2 or claim 9, wherein Strap A has an attachment means secured on the side of the strap allowing the strap to be secured in position against the humeral head of the shoulder to be supported as indicated in step (a) (ϋ).

14. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 13 wherein Strap B in step (ii) winds across the initial part of Strap B.

15. A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; and, characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by: one strap (Strap A) being positioned across the humeral head; and, a second strap (Strap B) being positioned across the posterior of the humeral head.

16. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 15, wherein Strap A is positioned by the steps of:

(iii) the strap is then brought down the posterior side of the torso with the second distal end of Strap A attaching on the opposing side of the torso.

17. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 16, wherein the first distal end of Strap A in step (i) is secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

18. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein Strap B is positioned as follows:

(ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of the shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace.

19. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein Strap B is positioned as follows: (i) the first distal end of Strap B is secured on the posterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

20. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 18 or claim 19, wherein the first distal end of Strap B in step (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

21. A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace. 22.A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, - at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be supported;

23. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, wherein the first distal end of Strap A step (a) (i) is secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

24. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein Strap A is attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

25. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the first distal end of Strap B in step (b) (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

26. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the second distal end of Strap B is secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the shoulder to be supported.

27. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein the strap(s) are positioned to control the amount of external and/or internal rotation of the shoulder to be supported.

28. A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least four supporting straps; characterised in that the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders; further characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an anterior instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap A on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the first shoulder to be supported; and,

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before being brought along the front of the first_arm, up to the top of the first arm;

(C) positioning Strap C by the steps of:

(v) securing the second distal end of Strap C on the side of the torso portion, opposing to the shoulder to be supported; and,

(d) positioning Strap D by the steps of:

(ii) winding the strap under the arm to the posterior side, before being brought along the front of the second arm, up to the top of the second arm;

(iv) fastening the second distal end of Strap D to the posterior side of the torso portion, opposing to the second shoulder to be supported, next to the second distal end of Strap C.

29. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 28, wherein Strap A and/or Strap C in step (i) may be secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

30. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 28, wherein Strap A and/or Strap C in step (iii) may be crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force.

31. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein Strap B and/or Strap D in step (ii) may be secured part way on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

32. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 28 to 30, wherein Strap B and/or Strap D in step (ii) winds across the initial part of the Strap A.

33.The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 28 to 32, wherein Strap A and/or Strap C may have an attachment means secured on the side of the strap, allowing the strap to be secured in position, against the humeral head of the injured shoulder, as indicated in step (a) (ii).

34.A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least four supporting straps; characterised in that the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders; further characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap A is secured on the anterior side of the first arm corresponding to the first shoulder to be supported;

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap B is secured on the brace; and,

(c) positioning Strap C by the steps of: (i) the first distal end of Strap C is secured on the anterior side of the second arm corresponding to the second shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the second shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the second shoulder;

(d) positioning Strap D by the steps of:

(i) the first distal end of Strap D is secured on the posterior side of the second arm corresponding to the second shoulder to be supported;

(ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of the second shoulder to be supported, across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder;

(iii) the strap is then brought over the opposing trapezius muscle, down the anterior side of the torso and the second distal end of Strap D is secured on the brace.

35. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 34, wherein the first distal end of Strap A and/or Strap C in step (a) (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

36. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 34 or claim 35, wherein Strap A and/or Strap C may be attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

37. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the first distal end of Strap B and/or Strap D in step (b) (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

38. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 34 to 37, wherein the second distal end of Strap B and/or Strap D above is secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the stabilised shoulder

39. A shoulder stability brace including: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least four supporting straps; characterised in that the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders; further characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought across to the front of the first shoulder to be supported, to cross over to the posterior side of the first shoulder;

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(iii) the second distal end of Strap B is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, to the anterior aspect of the opposite side of the torso;

(c) positioning Strap C by the steps of:

(d) positioning Strap D by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be; (iii) the second distal end of Strap D is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, to the anterior aspect of the opposite side of the torso.

40. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 39, wherein the first distal end of Strap A and/or Strap C in step (a) (i) may be secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

41. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 39 or claim 40, wherein Strap A and/or Strap C may be attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

42. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 39 to 41 , wherein the first distal end of Strap B and/or Strap D in step (b) (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

43. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 39 to 41, wherein the second distal end of Strap B and/or Strap D above is secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the stabilised shoulder.

44. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein the torso portion wraps around a person's torso.

45. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein the torso portion wraps around the person's upper torso.

46. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 44 or claim 45 wherein the torso portion has a fastener located substantially on the centre of the anterior side of the torso portion.

47. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 46, wherein the fastener is located on the side of the shoulder stability brace, opposing the shoulder joint to be supported.

48. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 44 to 47, wherein an additional fastener is located on the posterior side of the torso portion.

49. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 46 to 48, wherein the fastener on the torso portion is at least one hook and loop fastener that runs along substantially the length of the brace.

50. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the shoulder portion encompasses only one shoulder.

51. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the shoulder portion encompasses both shoulders.

52. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein the arm portion or portions fit around the upper arm or arms of the wearer.

53. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 52, wherein the arm portion or portions have at least one fastener that allows the width of an arm portion to be adjusted.

54. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 53, wherein the fastener is a strap.

55. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 53 or claim 54, wherein the fastener has a gusset.

56. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein the shoulder brace is made from rubber.

57. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein the supporting straps are releasably attached via attachment means selected from: at least one hook and loop fastener, at least one buckle, and combinations thereof.

58. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein the shoulder stability brace has a cushioning pad.

59. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of the above claims, wherein brace is coupled with a further strap for stabilizing the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ).

60. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 59, wherein the ACJ strap has an anterior side and a posterior side, which when worn, are positioned on respective sides of the torso.

61. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 60, wherein each side of the ACJ strap has at least one fastener for affixing the strap in place.

62. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 59 to 61 , wherein the ACJ strap has cushioning that fits on the superior of the shoulder joint, under the material used in forming the brace.

63. A method of stabilising a shoulder with an anterior instability in the shoulder joint by putting on a shoulder stability brace with: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; by the steps of:

(a) positioning the first strap (Strap A) by the steps of:

(iii) wrapping the strap up to the shoulder joint, to cross over the shoulder joint; (iv) bringing the strap down the posterior side of the torso; and,

(b) positioning the second strap (Strap B) by the steps of:

(i) securing the first distal end of Strap B on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported;

64. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 63, wherein Strap A in step (a)(i) is secured close to the axilla on the posterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

65. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 63 or claim 64, wherein Strap A in step (a) (iii) is crossed over the shoulder to be supported with posterior force applied to the head of the humerus.

66. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 63 to 65, wherein Strap B in step (b) (ii) is secured on the anterior side of the arm associated with the shoulder to be supported.

67. A method of stabilising a shoulder with an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by putting on a shoulder stability brace with: a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and at least two supporting straps; by the steps of: (a) positioning the first strap (Strap A) by the steps of:

(b) positioning the second strap (Strap B) by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought across the posterior aspect of the humeral head of the shoulder to be supported , across the posterior side of the neck and to the posterior side of the opposing shoulder; and,

68.A shoulder stability brace including: - a torso portion; a shoulder portion; an arm portion; and, at least two supporting straps; characterised in that the straps are configured to provide support to an inferior or neurological instability on a shoulder joint by:

(a) positioning Strap A by the steps of: (i) the first distal end of Strap A is secured on the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported;

(b) positioning Strap B by the steps of:

(ii) the strap is then brought over the trapezius muscle and humeral head of the shoulder to be supported; and,

(iii) the second distal end of Strap B is then brought down across the anterior side of the torso and secured on the anterior side of the torso, to the anterior aspect of the opposite side of the torso.

69. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in claim 67 or claim 68, wherein the first distal end of Strap A step (a) (i) is secured on the centre of the anterior side of the arm corresponding to the shoulder to be supported.

70. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 67 to 69, wherein the first distal end of Strap B in step (b) (i) is secured on the posterior side of the arm, mirroring the placement of the first distal end of Strap A.

71. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 67 to 70, wherein Strap A is attached via a buckle, which allows the user to adjust the tension of the strap.

72. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 67 to 71 , wherein the second distal end of Strap B is secured via a fastener located on the lower part of the brace, opposite to the shoulder to be supported.

73. The shoulder stability brace as claimed in any one of claims 67 to 72, wherein the strap(s) are positioned to control the amount of external and/or internal rotation of the shoulder to be supported.