WO2008092191A1 - Éolienne - Google Patents

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Info

Publication number
WO2008092191A1
WO2008092191A1 PCT/AU2008/000091 AU2008000091W WO2008092191A1 WO 2008092191 A1 WO2008092191 A1 WO 2008092191A1 AU 2008000091 W AU2008000091 W AU 2008000091W WO 2008092191 A1 WO2008092191 A1 WO 2008092191A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
blades
wind
turbine
blade
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2008/000091
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Maxwell Edmund Whisson
Original Assignee
Water Un Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007900466A external-priority patent/AU2007900466A0/en
Application filed by Water Un Limited filed Critical Water Un Limited
Publication of WO2008092191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008092191A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/215—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the panemone or "vehicle ventilator" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/217—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the crossflow- or "Banki"- or "double action" type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • a wind turbine comprising a central axis about which the turbine is arranged to rotate, and a plurality of blades extending outwardly of the central axis, the blades being spaced apart from the central axis and extending non radially relative to the central axis.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section of a wind turbine in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section of a first embodiment of a blade of the apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-section of a second embodiment of a blade of the apparatus of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of an apparatus containing wind turbine similar to that shown in Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an apparatus similar to that shown in Figure
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of wind turbines in accordance with the present invention arranged in a bank;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of a wind turbine in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a side elevation of an apparatus using the wind turbine of Figure 7.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 of the drawings there is shown a cross-axis wind turbine 10 having a central axis 12 and a circular periphery 14. There is also a number of radially extending lines 16 to demonstrate radial directions from the axis 12.
  • the wind turbine 10 comprises a plurality of blades 18 which are spaced apart from the axis 12 and extend outwardly to the periphery 14.
  • the blades 18 do not extend in alignment with the radially extending lines 16 of the wind turbine 10.
  • the orientation of the blades 18 relative to the radial directions is preferably similar, and the blades are preferably disposed at substantially equiangularly spaced relative to the central axis 12.
  • each blade 18 is preferably transversely curved and has a transverse convex side 19 and a transverse concave side 21 as shown in Figure 2.
  • the wind turbine 10 may contain from three to eleven of the blades 18, preferably from five to seven. However, the optimum number of blades of the wind turbine 10 depends partly on a diameter of the wind turbine 10, the intended use thereof and anticipated wind speeds.
  • each of the blades 18 is preferably orientated so as to have a base chord angle 20 in the range of 28° to 32° from a radial direction, preferably about 30° from a radial direction.
  • the base chord angle is faced by the concave side 21 of the blade 18 as can be seen in Figure 2.
  • a transverse width of the blades 18 is preferably between 0.60 and 0.75 of a radius of the turbine 10, preferably about 0.67 of the radius of the turbine 10. Also, a transverse curve of the blades 18 is preferably from 0.5 to 0.6 of the radius of the turbine 10, more preferably about 0.55 of the said radius of the turbine 10.
  • a base chord length 22 of the blades 18 is preferably in the range from 0.33 to 0.37 of a diameter of outer edges of the blades 18 most preferably about 0.35 of the said diameter of the outer edge of the blades 18.
  • a blade chord height 24 is preferably in the range from 0.16 to 0.22 times of the base chord length 22, most preferably about 0.18 times of the said base chord length 22.
  • a diameter of outer edges of the blades 18 is preferably 1200 mm or less, more preferably in the range from 400 to 700 mm, so as to achieve a satisfactory rotation speed of the blades 18.
  • the number of blades 18 is preferably 7.
  • a larger number of blades 18 is preferred.
  • the maximum number of blades 18 envisaged is 14 with the upper limit being imposed by viscous resistance to flow of air entering the turbine 10 between the blades 18.
  • the effect of the blades 18 is to cause the wind to flow at higher velocity over the convex surfaces 19 such that there is a tendency for an increased pressure on the concave surfaces 21 on the downwind and upwind sides of the turbine 10.
  • Another effect tending to increase efficiency has been found to be rotational momentum of air emerging from an inner edge of downwind moving blades flowing across axes of the blades 18 meeting with edges of upwind blades 18 so adding wind power tending to drive the latter blades 18 upwind.
  • the blades 18 it is preferred for the blades 18 to have a variable thickness in longitudinal cross section, preferably according to aerofoil principles, with a thicker leading edge 26 and a longer air path over the convex surface 19.
  • an apparatus 30 which comprises a cross-axis wind turbine 10 in accordance with the present invention mounted about a central axis 32 with stub members 33.
  • the apparatus 30 comprises an upper disc 34, an intermediate disc 36 and a lower disc 38.
  • the blades 18 of the turbine 10 are mounted in curved slots 40 cut in the discs 34, 36 and 38.
  • the blades 18 are preferably welded to the discs 34, 36 and 38 at the slots 40.
  • the stubs 33 do not extend into the centre of the apparatus 30 but simply extend outwardly from respective discs 34 and 38.
  • a cross-axis wind turbine in accordance with the present invention has enhanced drag and aerodynamic lift compared to previously known cross-axis wind turbines which leads to greater efficiency in converting wind power to rotary mechanical power.
  • the blades 18 of the wind turbine 10 of the present invention are arranged to be refrigerated to cause cooling of wind air passing through the wind turbine 10. This facilitates precipitation of moisture from the wind air.
  • the wind turbine 10 of the present invention may be used singly or in a bank containing a plurality of the wind turbines. Increased efficiency has been surprisingly found in banks of closely spaced turbines turning in the same direction.
  • FIG 5 there is shown an apparatus 50 which is similar to the apparatus of Figure 4, except that the blades 18 are longitudinally curved so as to bulge out slightly. This arrangement assists in confining wind energy towards the center of the turbine 10. Also, in this embodiment a central axis 52 extends right through the apparatus 50.
  • the wind turbine of the present invention is of general applicability in harnessing wind power.
  • it may be used in relation to the inventions of International
  • Patent Applications PCT/AU2005/001219, PCT/AU2006/001023 and PCT/AU2006/001900 also in the name of the present applicant.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown a wind turbine apparatus 60 comprising three wind turbines 10 in accordance with the present invention arranged in parallel in a bank equispaced around a central axis 62.
  • the wind turbines 10 are connected to the central axis 62 by means of upper and lower struts 61.
  • the turbines 10 are interconnected at their lower ends by a static ring gear 64 having a respective planetary gear 66 mounted to an axis 68 of each wind turbine 10. Whilst the ring gear 64 is static the remainder of the apparatus 60 rotates axially.
  • the number of blades is preferably 5 to 7 in. each turbine 10.
  • the number of turbines may be increased if desired such as to five or more.
  • the arrangement of the upright turbines shown in Figure 6 is substantially independent of horizontal wind direction. Also, the turbines
  • the turbines 10 in the apparatus of Figure 6 all rotate in the same direction as shown by the arrows 67 whether the wind blows from the front or the back and efficiency of conversion of wind power to rotary mechanical power is relatively high.
  • the absence of a need for full rotation to face the wind is an advantage.
  • rotation of the turbine 10 causes the apparatus 60 as a whole to rotate axially about the ring gear 64 as shown by the arrow 69.
  • This has the advantage that all of the turbines 10 are upwind for part of the rotation.
  • rotation of the turbine bank is driven by an aerodynamic lateral force generated by a higher velocity of air on a downwind side of a spinning cylinder.
  • the lateral component of the wind power is to the right on the two nearest turbines 10 with wind approaching from the foreground (the observer). Change in wind direction emerging from the two turbines tends to reduce lateral action on the downwind turbine which causes the whole turbine bank 60 to rotate in the same direction as the individual turbines but at a lower speed.
  • the rotation of the whole turbine bank is driven by the wind and adds power which is additional to the power of the rotating turbines.
  • the change in momentum of wind diverted around the turbine bank is partly converted into power driving the whole turbine bank around.
  • Rotation of the central axis 62 may be used to obtain useable mechanical or electrical power.
  • the turbines 10 may be used for cooling purposes.
  • the turbine blades would operate outside of the cooling fins and would cause cooling of the refrigerant tube by extracting heat from the fins. No sealing would be needed in an arrangement of this sort. Such an arrangement is shown in Figures 7 and 8.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 there is shown a wind turbine apparatus 70 which is similar to the wind turbine apparatuses 10, 30 and 50 and like reference numbers denote like parts.
  • the central shaft 72 is fixed and is hollow.
  • the shaft 72 is arranged to contain refrigerant.
  • a plurality of discs 74 are mounted about the shaft 72 and the discs 74 are surrounded by blades 18.
  • This embodiment of the present inventions is made possible by the fact that there is a gap between the axis of the wind turbine apparatus 70 and inner edge of the blades 18.
  • the discs 74 are in line with, or parallel to, the wind, whether it is just blowing through the turbine or spinning in a vortex toward concave surfaces of downwind blades.
  • the discs 74 are spaced from one another. Discs 74 are mounted to the shaft 72 for the whole length thereof.
  • refrigerant liquid flows along the shaft 72 as shown by the arrows 76.
  • Refrigerant tubes could be mounted in the discs 74 if preferred so as to keep the discs 74 cool.
  • the action of the turbine 10, in accordance with the present invention is independent of wind direction and does not need assistance of a wind guidance vane, but an upwind vane may increase power by sheltering the upwind blades and diverting wind slightly toward the downwind blades.
  • the turbine 10 may have increased power if the axial length thereof is increased.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil d'éolienne (10) présentant une pluralité de pales (18) séparées d'un axe central (12) et s'étendant de manière non radiale par rapport à cet axe (12).
PCT/AU2008/000091 2007-02-01 2008-01-29 Éolienne WO2008092191A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007900466 2007-02-01
AU2007900466A AU2007900466A0 (en) 2007-02-01 A wind turbine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008092191A1 true WO2008092191A1 (fr) 2008-08-07

Family

ID=39673558

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2008/000091 WO2008092191A1 (fr) 2007-02-01 2008-01-29 Éolienne

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008092191A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1018806A3 (nl) * 2009-07-02 2011-09-06 Erauw Alex Windturbine
LU91687B1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-14 Novo En Sarl Rotor zur Wind- und Wasserkraftnutzung
EP2686548A1 (fr) * 2011-03-17 2014-01-22 Via Verde Limited Appareil de turbine éolienne
CN106460789A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2017-02-22 弗劳尔涡轮有限责任公司 垂直轴涡轮集群

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1027052A (fr) * 1976-12-14 1978-02-28 J. Michael Murphy Generatrice eolienne
US4264279A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-04-28 Dereng Viggo G Fixed geometry self starting transverse axis wind turbine
US4359311A (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-11-16 Benesh Alvin H Wind turbine rotor
US4362470A (en) * 1981-04-23 1982-12-07 Locastro Gerlando J Wind turbine
DE3137966A1 (de) * 1981-09-24 1983-03-31 Braun, Juan, 4710 Herbesthal "windenergieerntevorrichtung"
EP0046122B1 (fr) * 1980-08-13 1985-07-03 Michel Edouard Raymond Bourriaud Centrale éolienne à turbines verticales
US5126584A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-06-30 Gilles Ouellet Windmill
WO1998007981A1 (fr) * 1996-08-23 1998-02-26 Georges Gual Turbine eolienne a axe vertical de faible hauteur
WO2004092578A1 (fr) * 2003-04-18 2004-10-28 Tokai University Educational System Eolienne savonius
US20040265116A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2004-12-30 Fumiro Kaneda Three-bladed vertical wind mill equipment

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1027052A (fr) * 1976-12-14 1978-02-28 J. Michael Murphy Generatrice eolienne
US4264279A (en) * 1978-05-12 1981-04-28 Dereng Viggo G Fixed geometry self starting transverse axis wind turbine
EP0046122B1 (fr) * 1980-08-13 1985-07-03 Michel Edouard Raymond Bourriaud Centrale éolienne à turbines verticales
US4362470A (en) * 1981-04-23 1982-12-07 Locastro Gerlando J Wind turbine
US4359311A (en) * 1981-05-26 1982-11-16 Benesh Alvin H Wind turbine rotor
DE3137966A1 (de) * 1981-09-24 1983-03-31 Braun, Juan, 4710 Herbesthal "windenergieerntevorrichtung"
US5126584A (en) * 1990-06-04 1992-06-30 Gilles Ouellet Windmill
WO1998007981A1 (fr) * 1996-08-23 1998-02-26 Georges Gual Turbine eolienne a axe vertical de faible hauteur
US20040265116A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2004-12-30 Fumiro Kaneda Three-bladed vertical wind mill equipment
WO2004092578A1 (fr) * 2003-04-18 2004-10-28 Tokai University Educational System Eolienne savonius

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 197811, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q55, AN 1978-C1446A *
DATABASE WPI Week 198208, Derwent World Patents Index; Class Q55, AN 1982-B9049E *
DATABASE WPI Week 198314, Derwent World Patents Index; Class X15, AN 1983-E4754K *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1018806A3 (nl) * 2009-07-02 2011-09-06 Erauw Alex Windturbine
LU91687B1 (de) * 2010-05-12 2011-11-14 Novo En Sarl Rotor zur Wind- und Wasserkraftnutzung
EP2686548A1 (fr) * 2011-03-17 2014-01-22 Via Verde Limited Appareil de turbine éolienne
EP2686548A4 (fr) * 2011-03-17 2014-11-12 Via Verde Ltd Appareil de turbine éolienne
CN106460789A (zh) * 2014-05-21 2017-02-22 弗劳尔涡轮有限责任公司 垂直轴涡轮集群
EP3146203A4 (fr) * 2014-05-21 2017-10-18 Flower Turbines LLC Regroupement de turbines à axe vertical

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