WO2008089680A1 - Procédé et routeur pour l'établissement d'une communication - Google Patents

Procédé et routeur pour l'établissement d'une communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008089680A1
WO2008089680A1 PCT/CN2008/070117 CN2008070117W WO2008089680A1 WO 2008089680 A1 WO2008089680 A1 WO 2008089680A1 CN 2008070117 W CN2008070117 W CN 2008070117W WO 2008089680 A1 WO2008089680 A1 WO 2008089680A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
router
interval
configuration time
packet
time
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PCT/CN2008/070117
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Xiugang Wei
Huihui Cheng
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Publication of WO2008089680A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008089680A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/54—Store-and-forward switching systems 
    • H04L12/56—Packet switching systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of computer network communication, and in particular, to a method and a router for establishing communication.
  • OSPF Open Shortest Path First
  • OSPF is a link state-based protocol, including a neighbor relationship establishment mechanism, a link state description mechanism, a link state propagation mechanism, and an efficient routing algorithm. Established and maintained, that is, the Hello packets in OSPF are the basic of OSPF.
  • a router running the OSPF protocol on the same network segment needs to send Hello packets to discover each other and establish a neighbor relationship. After the neighbor relationship is established, you need to send Hello packets to maintain the neighbor relationship. If the Hello message of the other party is not received within a certain interval, the neighbor relationship will be broken.
  • hello messages are sent at a fixed interval Hellolnterval, in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) network, and a broadcast (broadcast) network.
  • the Hellolnterval defaults to 10s.
  • the Hellolnterval in the non-broadcast multi-access network NBMA is 30s.
  • the router After the neighbor relationship is established, the router still sends Hello packets at Hello interval to maintain the neighbor relationship. However, the OSPF protocol can be allowed for a certain period of time. If the hello message is not received in the segment, the neighbor relationship is not maintained. The dead interval is set to the maximum time limit for receiving the Hello packet. In the Deadlnterval time range, the router does not receive the Hello packet from the peer. Will break. Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval are configurable. Normally, the default value of Deadlnterval is configured to be four times that of Hellolnterval.
  • the neighbor relationship needs to be implemented by using a 1_way hello message and a 2_thress hello message.
  • the 1 - way hello message is sent to the sender.
  • the neighbor list of the hello message does not include the receiver.
  • Router ID; 2 - way hello packet is the sender's router ID for the sender.
  • the neighbor list contains the receiver's router ID.
  • the hello message indicates that the neighbor relationship has been established.
  • Router A sends a 1-way hello packet to Router B.
  • the 1-way hello packet includes Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval configured by Router A. If Router A is configured with Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval and Router B.
  • Router B sends a 2-way hello packet to Router A, and the neighbor relationship is established.
  • the condition for establishing a neighbor relationship between Router A and Router B is that the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval configured on both sides must be the same. If the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval are configured, the neighbor relationship cannot be established.
  • Router A sends the first 1-way hello packet to Router B.
  • the first 1-way hello packet includes the Hellolnterval configured by Router A.
  • Router B discards the first-thrace hello packet and sends a second 1_way hello packet to Router A.
  • the neighbor relationship cannot be established.
  • the conditions for maintaining the neighbor relationship are as follows: The routers that establish the neighbor relationship still send hello packets according to the Hellolnterval interval when the neighbor relationship is established. If the peerlnterval is exceeded, the peer does not receive the hello. The message cancels the neighbor relationship.
  • the current OSPF protocol requires that the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval of the neighbors must be the same. Otherwise, the neighbor relationship cannot be established. After the neighbor relationship is established, the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval must also be the same. Otherwise, the neighbor relationship will be the same. rupture. Therefore, when the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval configured by the neighbors are different, the neighbor relationship cannot be established. Further, if Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval are changed, the existing neighbor relationship is broken, and the neighbor relationship needs to be re-established. Therefore, the requirements of many specific networks cannot be met in practical applications. In addition, when low-speed equipment is connected to high-speed equipment, considering the speed processing capability of low-speed equipment, high-speed equipment must maintain Hellolnterval consistent with low-speed equipment to discover low-speed equipment, which seriously affects the performance of high-speed equipment.
  • the present invention provides a method and router for establishing communication, so that communication can still be established when the interval configuration time (such as Hellolnterval) configured by both routers is inconsistent.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
  • the second router receives the first packet from the first router, where the first packet includes: a first interval configuration time;
  • the second router determines the second reporting interval according to the first interval configuration time, and sends a second packet to the first router in the second reporting interval to establish communication with the first router.
  • the first interval configuration time is not equal to the second interval configuration time of the second router.
  • a router includes: a message receiving unit, a first storage unit, a report interval selecting unit, and a message sending unit, where
  • a packet receiving unit configured to receive a first packet from a neighboring router, where the first packet includes: a first interval configuration time;
  • a first storage unit configured to store a second interval configuration time
  • a reporting interval selection unit configured to determine a second transmission interval when the second interval configuration time is different from the first interval configuration time
  • a message sending unit configured to send the second message in the second reporting interval.
  • the second router determines the second transmission interval by referring to the first configuration interval.
  • the second message is sent in the second reporting interval, and the communication can be established with the first router.
  • FIG. 1 is a successful diagram of establishing a neighbor relationship in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a failure of establishing a neighbor relationship in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for establishing communication according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of Hello message transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of Hello message transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a router according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step 301 The first router sends the first packet to the second router at the first interval configuration time, where the first packet is a 1-way Hello packet, and includes: an identifier (identity) of the first router, An identification, a first interval configuration time, and a first maintenance configuration time.
  • the first interval configuration time is a Hellolnterval configured by the first router itself.
  • the first maintenance configuration time is the Deadlnterval configured by the first router itself, which is Deadlntervall 1.
  • the first identifier is used to indicate whether the first router supports the Hello packet negotiation, and may be a bit in the option field of the Hello packet that is not used by the current protocol, for example, the lowest bit in the option field. When the first identifier is 1, it indicates the first The router supports Hello packet negotiation. When the first identifier is 0, the first router does not support Hello packet negotiation. Of course, the first identifier can be placed in other bits in the option field. You can also set different values for the first identifier. Whether the first router supports the Hello packet negotiation.
  • the first packet carries the first identifier in the first packet when the router supports the Hello packet negotiation, and does not carry the first identifier when the Hello packet negotiation is not supported.
  • the first router does not support packet negotiation; and vice versa, that is, when the first packet does not include the first identifier, the first router supports the packet negotiation.
  • Support for Hello message negotiation means that the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval of the router configuration allowed to communicate with itself are different from the Hellolnterval and Deadlnterval configured by itself.
  • Step 302 The second router determines, according to the first identifier in the first packet, whether the first router supports Hello packet negotiation. If no, go to step 303. If yes, go to step 304.
  • Step 303 The second router sends the second packet to the first router at the second interval, and the second packet is sent to the first router.
  • the Hello message includes: an ID of the second router, an ID of the first router, a second identifier, a first interval configuration time, and a first maintenance configuration time.
  • the first maintenance configuration time is a second deadline and is saved.
  • the second reporting time limit is that the second router actually allows the maximum time limit of the Hello message to be received from the first router, and the first router and the second router work in the normal working mode, establish communication, and end the process;
  • Step 304 The second router configures the time according to the first interval in the first text and the second interval configuration time of the second interval, and selects the second reporting interval according to the preset election criteria and saves the second interval.
  • the second packet is sent to the first router.
  • the second packet is a 2-way Hello packet, and includes: an ID of the first router, an ID of the second router, a second identifier, a second interval configuration time, and
  • the second interval is configured as follows: the second interval configuration time is the HelloInterval configured by the second router itself, and is the HelloInterval21, and the second maintenance configuration time is the Deadlnterval configured by the second router itself, which is Deadlnterval21;
  • the first maintenance configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time are selected, and the second collection time limit is elected according to the preset election criteria, and the first router and the second router work in the negotiation mode to establish communication.
  • the processing procedure of the second router is similar to the step 303: the second router configures the first interval in the first packet as the second reporting interval and saves the packet, and sends the packet to the first router at the second reporting interval.
  • the second packet where the second packet is a 2-way Hello packet, includes: an ID of the second router, an ID of the first router, a second identifier, a first interval configuration time, and a first maintenance configuration time; The first maintenance configuration time is set as the second receiving time limit and is saved.
  • the second receiving time limit is that the second router actually does not receive the maximum time limit of the Hello message from the first router, and the first router and the second router work in the normal state. Work mode, establish communication.
  • the election criteria can be a maximum election, a minimum election, a weighted average election, or an average election.
  • the second router elects the maximum value in the first interval configuration time and the second interval configuration time as the second transmission interval, and elects in the first maintenance configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time.
  • the maximum value is used as the second closing time limit.
  • the first router and the second router can only negotiate the interval configuration time (Hellolnterval), and the value of the maintenance interval configuration time (Deadlnterval) is defaulted to be several times the negotiated Hellolnterval.
  • the first router and the second router After the first router and the second router establish communication (such as establishing a neighbor relationship between the two routers), the first router can change the first interval configuration time and the first maintenance configuration time as long as the second router supports packet negotiation. It can be configured to support packet negotiation or not to support packet negotiation. Referring to FIG. 4, the first router and the second router maintain the communication process including:
  • Step 401 The first router receives the second packet from the second router, where the second packet is in the second packet.
  • the second identifier is used to identify whether the second router supports the Hello packet negotiation.
  • the second router supports the Hello packet negotiation, and configures the time according to the second interval in the second packet and the first interval configuration time of the second packet.
  • the first election message is sent to the second router and the third message is sent to the second router.
  • the third message is a 2-way Hello message, including: The identifier, the ID of the first router, the ID of the second router, the first interval configuration time, and the first maintenance configuration time; according to the second maintenance configuration time in the second packet and the first maintenance configuration time of the second packet, according to the preset
  • the first time limit for the election of the election criteria is the first time limit for receiving the Hello message from the second router.
  • the election criteria of the first router and the second router are preferably consistent. Because the election criteria are the same, the reporting interval and the receiving time limit of the two parties are the same. If the election criteria of the first router and the second router are inconsistent, the interval between the two parties is The time limit for receiving the report is different. One party must meet the request interval of the other party and the time limit for receiving the report. Otherwise, the neighbor relationship may oscillate. For example, the first interval configuration time is
  • the second interval configuration time is 5S
  • the first maintenance configuration time is 4S
  • the second maintenance configuration time is
  • the election criterion of the first router is the minimum election, the first reporting interval is 1S, the first reporting interval is 4S, the election criterion of the second router is the maximum election, the second reporting interval is 5S, and the second reporting is The time limit is 20 S.
  • the first router does not receive the Hello packet from the second router within 4S, and the neighbor relationship is broken.
  • Step 402 The second router determines, according to the first identifier in the third packet, whether the first router supports Hello packet negotiation. If yes, go to step 403. If no, go to step 410.
  • Step 403 The second router determines the first interval configuration time in the third text and the previous received
  • Step 404 The second router, according to the first interval configuration time in the third packet and the second interval configuration time of the third packet, elects the current second transmission interval according to the preset election criteria and saves, and performs step 406.
  • Step 405 The second reporting interval of the previous election of the second router is used as the current second reporting interval, and the second reporting interval of the previous election in this step is the second reporting interval of the election in step 304.
  • Step 406 The second router determines whether the first maintenance configuration time in the third packet is the same as the first maintenance configuration time in the previous received packet. If not, perform step 407, if the same, Step 408 is performed; the previously received text in this step is the first text.
  • Step 407 The second router selects and saves the current second receiving time limit according to the preset election criterion according to the first maintenance configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time in the third packet, and performs step 409.
  • Step 408 The second receiving time limit of the previous election of the second router is used as the current second receiving time limit.
  • the second receiving time limit of the previous election in this step is the second receiving time limit of the election in step 304.
  • Step 409 The second router sends a fourth packet at the current second sending interval.
  • the fourth packet is a 2-way Hello packet, and includes: an ID of the first router, an ID of the second router, and a second identifier.
  • the second interval configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time, the first router and the second router work in a negotiation working mode, and the process ends.
  • Step 410 The second router sends a fourth packet to the second router in the second interval of the third interval in the third interval, where the fourth packet is a 2-way Hello message.
  • the first maintenance configuration time in the third packet is the second deadline.
  • a router and a second router operate in a normal working mode.
  • the hello message sending process is:
  • Step 501 The second router determines whether the second interval configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time of the second router change. When only the second interval configuration time is changed, the HelloInterval21 is changed to HelloInterval22, and step 502 is performed, when only the second maintenance is changed. When the change time is changed to Deadlnterval22, step 503 is executed. When the second interval configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time are changed simultaneously, that is, HelloInterval21 is changed to HelloInterval22, and Deadlnterval21 is changed to Deadlnterval22, step 504 is performed.
  • Step 502 The second router elects a current second sending interval according to the current second interval configuration time and the current first interval configuration time of the first router.
  • the fifth packet is sent at the current second sending interval.
  • the fifth packet is a 2-way Hello message, including: a first router ID, a second router ID, a second identifier, a current second interval configuration time HelloInterval22, and a current second maintenance configuration time Deadlnterval21; Process.
  • Step 503 The second router according to the current second maintenance configuration time and the current current of the first router The first maintaining the configuration time, and electing the current second receiving time limit.
  • the fifth message includes: a first router ID, a second router ID, a second identifier, a current second interval configuration time HelloInterval21, and a current second. Maintain the configuration time Deadlnterval22; End this process.
  • Step 504 The second router elects a current second transmission interval according to the current second interval configuration time and the current first interval configuration time of the first router, and the current second maintenance configuration time and the current current configuration of the first router.
  • the first maintaining the configuration time, and electing the current second receiving time limit; in the second receiving time limit of the previous election, the second of the previous election interval and the current second reporting interval are the smaller ones to the first router.
  • the fifth packet is sent to the first router at the current second reporting interval, and the fifth packet includes: the first router ID, the first packet.
  • the current first interval configuration time and the first maintenance configuration time of the first router are learned by the currently received packet; the second transmission interval of the previous election is: the first one of the current message is received from the first The second interval for the election of the router is the second interval for the election. The second period for the previous election is: the second deadline for the election of the packet from the first router when the current packet is received.
  • the smaller one of the second reporting interval and the current second reporting interval of the previous election sends a message to the first router, in order to avoid the second round of the current election.
  • the reporting interval and the second reporting deadline are significantly different from the second reporting interval and the second reporting interval of the previous election, and the notification packet sent to the first router is lost.
  • the HelloInterval21 configured by the second router is IS
  • the Deadlnterval21 is 4S
  • the Hellolntervalll of the first router is 2S
  • the Deadlntervalll is 8S.
  • the election criteria of the two routers are the same, and the maximum interval is elected.
  • the second reporting interval is 2S
  • the first reporting deadline and the second reporting deadline are both 8S.
  • the second router changes the configuration value, HelloInterval22 is 10S, Deadlnterval22 is 40S, the second interval of the current election is 10S, and the second reporting time is 40S. At this time, the second router should be the second in the previous election. In the 8S receiving time limit, the second sending interval 2S of the previous election sends a message to the first router, informing the first router to change the election value, and sending a message to the first router at the second reporting interval 10S of the current election. Because the first reporting time limit of the first election of the first router is 8S, it is impossible to receive the packet from the second router within 8S, the communication is interrupted, and the first router cancels the neighbor relationship.
  • a router has multiple interfaces. Each interface is connected to at least one router.
  • the working mode of the routers on each interface is usually the same, that is, the negotiation mode or the normal working mode, because every two routers in the network are They are connected to each other through interfaces, so all routers in the network work in normal working mode as long as there is a neighbor router in the network that does not support negotiation. Once the neighboring routers in the network that do not support negotiation leave, that is, no neighboring routers in the network do not support negotiation, the router can switch to the negotiation mode.
  • FIG. 6 is a structural diagram of a router according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the router in this embodiment includes: a message receiving unit 601, a first storage unit 602, a reporting interval selecting unit 603, and a text sending unit 604, where
  • the message receiving unit 601 is configured to receive a first packet from a neighboring router, such as the first router, where the first packet includes: a first interval configuration time;
  • a first storage unit 602 configured to store a second interval configuration time
  • a reporting interval selection unit 603, configured to determine a second reporting interval by referring to the first interval configuration time when the second interval configuration time is different from the first interval configuration time;
  • the message sending unit 604 is configured to send the second message in the second reporting interval.
  • the first packet received by the packet receiving unit 601 further includes: a first maintenance configuration time; optionally, the router further includes:
  • a second storage unit 605, configured to store a second maintenance configuration time
  • the aging time selection unit 606 is configured to determine a second acknowledgment time limit in the first maintenance configuration time in the first message received by the reference message receiving unit 601. For example, in the case that the first router supports the packet negotiation, the second receiving time limit is determined according to the first maintenance configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time in the second storage unit 605 according to the election criteria; or, in the first In the case that the router does not support the packet negotiation, the first maintenance configuration time is the second receiving time limit.
  • the first packet in the packet receiving unit 601 further includes: a first identifier, where the first identifier is used to indicate whether the first router supports packet negotiation;
  • the router further includes:
  • the message negotiation determining unit 607 is configured to determine, according to the first identifier, whether the neighboring router supports the message negotiation, and output the determination result.
  • An identifier storage unit 608, configured to store the second identifier
  • the hairline interval selecting unit 603 includes: a first selecting unit 701.
  • the first selecting unit 701 is configured to: when the second interval configuration time is different from the first interval configuration time, and when the judgment result of the message negotiation determining unit 607 is yes (that is, the first router supports message negotiation), according to the election Standard, according to the second interval configuration time from the first storage unit 602 and the first interval configuration time from the message receiving unit 601, the second transmission interval is elected;
  • the second message sent by the message sending unit 604 includes: a second identifier from the identifier storage unit 608, and a second interval configuration time from the first storage unit 602.
  • the closing time limit selection unit 606 includes: a second selection unit 801,
  • the second selecting unit 801 is configured to: when the result of the message negotiation determining unit 607 is yes (ie, the first router supports message negotiation), according to the election criterion, according to the second maintenance configuration time from the second storage unit 605 The first maintenance configuration time from the message receiving unit 601 is to elect a second closing time limit.
  • the transmission interval selection unit 603 further includes: a third selection unit 702.
  • the third selecting unit 702 is configured to: when the result of the message negotiation determining unit 607 is negative (that is, the first router does not support the message negotiation), the first interval configuration time of the packet receiving unit 601 is the second sending. 4 ⁇ interval;
  • the second message sent by the message sending unit 604 includes: a second identifier from the identifier storage unit 608, and a first interval configuration time from the message receiving unit 601;
  • the closing time limit selection unit 606 further includes: a fourth selection unit 802,
  • the fourth selecting unit 802 is configured to: when the result of the message negotiation determining unit 607 is negative (that is, the first router does not support the message negotiation), the first maintenance configuration time from the message receiving unit 601 is the second receiving report. time limit.
  • the report interval selection unit 603 further includes: a fifth selection unit 703, configured to use the first interval configuration time of the message receiving unit 601 as the second report interval; One of the element 703 and the third selection unit 702 is selected.
  • the second message sent by the message sending unit 604 includes: a first interval configuration time from the message receiving unit 601;
  • the acknowledgment time limit selection unit 606 further includes: a sixth selection unit 803, configured to use the first maintenance configuration time from the message receiving unit 601 as a second acknowledgment time limit.
  • a sixth selection unit 803 configured to use the first maintenance configuration time from the message receiving unit 601 as a second acknowledgment time limit.
  • One of the sixth selection unit 803 and the fourth selection unit 802 can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the router further includes: a first determining unit 609, configured to determine whether the first interval configuration time in the two adjacent packets received by the packet receiving unit 601 is the same, generate a first determination result, and output; Determining whether the first maintenance configuration time of the two adjacent messages received by the message receiving unit 601 is the same, generating a second determination result, and outputting;
  • the first selection unit 701 is configured to: when the first determination result from the first determining unit 609 is YES, the first reporting interval of the previous election is the current first reporting interval;
  • the second selection unit 801 is configured to: when the second determination result from the first determining unit 609 is YES, the first closing time limit of the previous election is the current first closing time limit.
  • the router further includes: a second determining unit 610, configured to determine whether the second interval configuration time stored by the first storage unit 602 changes, and determining whether the second maintenance configuration time stored by the second storage unit 605 changes Generating a notification message and outputting if the second interval configuration time and the second maintenance configuration time change simultaneously;
  • the message sending unit 604 is configured to: after receiving the notification message of the second determining unit 610, in the first receiving time limit of the previous election of the second selecting unit 801, the current first sending by the first selecting unit 701 The smaller one of the first interval of the report interval and the previous election sends a fifth message to the neighboring router.
  • the fifth message includes: a second identifier, a current second interval configuration time from the first storage unit 602. And the current second maintenance configuration time from the second storage unit 605, after the first reporting time limit of the previous election, sending the fifth message at the first reporting interval of the current election.
  • the embodiment of the present invention configures the second router to support the packet negotiation.
  • the second router determines the second reporting interval, sends the second packet in the second reporting interval, establishes a communication with the first router, establishes a neighbor relationship, and may change the second interval configuration time or / and the second maintenance configuration time, can meet the requirements in practical applications
  • For a specific network for example, gracefully restarting the GR, you can extend the second maintenance configuration time and increase the success rate of the GR when needed.
  • the first router starts sending the first packet according to the first interval configuration time configured by itself.
  • the first router is a high-speed device.
  • the low-speed device can be discovered at the speed of the high-speed device. After the communication is established, the message can be sent at the low-speed device sending frequency, which can utilize the advantages of the high-speed device. , and does not affect the traffic of the network.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'établissement de communication. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes suivantes: le second routeur reçoit le premier message du premier routeur, le premier message comprenant le temps de configuration de premier intervalle; si le temps de configuration de premier intervalle est différent du temps de configuration de second intervalle du second routeur, le second routeur détermine l'intervalle de transmission de second message en fonction du temps de configuration de premier intervalle et envoie le second message au premier routeur dans le temps d'intervalle de transmission de second message afin d'établir la communication avec le premier routeur. A l'aide de la solution technique susmentionnée, la communication peut être établie lorsque les temps de configuration d'intervalle (tel qu'un intervalle HelloInterval) configurés par les deux routeurs ne sont pas compatibles l'un avec l'autre.
PCT/CN2008/070117 2007-01-23 2008-01-16 Procédé et routeur pour l'établissement d'une communication WO2008089680A1 (fr)

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CN101686188B (zh) * 2008-09-27 2013-01-09 华为技术有限公司 层次化有序地址分组网络中建立路由表的方法、路由的方法及路由器
CN102281194A (zh) * 2011-08-01 2011-12-14 华为技术有限公司 报文的传输方法及网络设备
CN104022910B (zh) * 2014-06-25 2018-01-09 新华三技术有限公司 一种参数协商方法及其装置
WO2022236621A1 (fr) * 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 北京小米移动软件有限公司 Procédé et appareil d'envoi de paquets de données, et support de stockage

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